<P> The position of the Sun in the sky is a function of both the time and the geographic location of observation on Earth's surface . As Earth orbits the Sun over the course of a year, the Sun appears to move with respect to the fixed stars on the celestial sphere, along a planar path called the ecliptic . Earth's rotation about its axis causes the fixed stars to move across the sky in a way that depends on the observer's geographic latitude . The time when a given fixed star transits the observer's meridian depends on the geographic longitude . To find the Sun's position for a given location at a given time, one may therefore proceed in three steps </P> <Ol> <Li> calculate the Sun's position in the ecliptic coordinate system, </Li> <Li> convert to the equatorial coordinate system, and </Li> <Li> convert to the horizontal coordinate system, for the observer's local time and location . </Li> </Ol>

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