<P> On his second day in office, Carter pardoned all evaders of the Vietnam War drafts . During Carter's term as president, two new cabinet - level departments, the Department of Energy and the Department of Education, were established . He established a national energy policy that included conservation, price control, and new technology . In foreign affairs, Carter pursued the Camp David Accords, the Panama Canal Treaties, the second round of Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT II), and the return of the Panama Canal Zone to Panama . On the economic front he confronted persistent stagflation, a combination of high inflation, high unemployment and slow growth . The end of his presidential tenure was marked by the 1979--1981 Iran hostage crisis, the 1979 energy crisis, the Three Mile Island nuclear accident, and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan . In response to the invasion, Carter escalated the Cold War by ending détente, imposing a grain embargo against the Soviets, enunciating the Carter doctrine, and leading an international boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow . In 1980, Carter faced a primary challenge from Senator Ted Kennedy, but Carter won re-nomination at the 1980 Democratic National Convention . Carter lost the general election in an electoral landslide to Republican nominee Ronald Reagan . Polls of historians and political scientists usually rank Carter as a below - average president . </P> <P> In 2012, Carter surpassed Herbert Hoover as the longest - retired president in U.S. history . He is also the first president to mark the 40th anniversary of his inauguration . He set up the Carter Center in 1982 as his base for advancing human rights . He has traveled extensively to conduct peace negotiations, observe elections, and advance disease prevention and eradication in developing nations . In addition, Carter is considered a key figure in the Habitat for Humanity project and has written several books about various topics . In reference to current political views, he has criticized some of Israel's actions and policies in regards to the Israeli--Palestinian conflict and has advocated for a two - state solution . He has vigorously opposed the Supreme Court's decision in Citizens United v. FEC to strike down limits on campaign spending by corporations and unions, saying that the U.S. is "no longer a functioning democracy" and now has a system of "unlimited political bribery". </P> <P> James Earl Carter Jr. was born on October 1, 1924, at the Wise Sanitarium (now the Lillian G. Carter Nursing Center) in Plains, Georgia, a hospital where his mother was employed as a registered nurse . Carter was the first U.S. president to be born in a hospital . He was the eldest son of Bessie Lillian (née Gordy) and James Earl Carter Sr...Carter Sr. was a descendant of English immigrant Thomas Carter, who settled in Virginia in 1635 . Numerous generations of Carters lived as cotton farmers in Georgia . Carter is also a descendant of Thomas Cornell, an ancestor of Cornell University's founder and distantly related to Richard Nixon and Bill Gates . </P> <P> Plains was a boomtown of 600 people at the time of Carter's birth . Carter's father was a successful local businessman, who ran a general store, and an investor in farmland . He previously served as a reserve second lieutenant in the U.S. Army's Quartermaster Corps during World War I . </P>

Who was the first us president to be born in a hospital
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