<P> Historically, Costa Rica has generally enjoyed greater peace and more consistent political stability compared with many of its fellow Latin American nations . Since the late 19th century, however, Costa Rica has experienced two significant periods of violence . In 1917--19, General Federico Tinoco Granados ruled as a military dictator until he was overthrown and forced into exile . The unpopularity of Tinoco's regime led, after he was overthrown, to a considerable decline in the size, wealth, and political influence of the Costa Rican military . In 1948, José Figueres Ferrer led an armed uprising in the wake of a disputed presidential election between the previous president Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia (he served as president between 1940 and 1944) and Otilio Ulate Blanco . With more than 2,000 dead, the resulting 44 - day Costa Rican Civil War was the bloodiest event in Costa Rica during the 20th century . </P> <P> The victorious rebels formed a government junta that abolished the military altogether, and oversaw the drafting of a new constitution by a democratically elected assembly . Having enacted these reforms, the junta transferred power to Ulate on November 8, 1949 . After the coup d'état, Figueres became a national hero, winning the country's first democratic election under the new constitution in 1953 . Since then, Costa Rica has held 14 presidential elections, the latest in 2014 . With uninterrupted democracy dating back to at least 1948, the country is the region's most stable . </P> <P> Costa Rica is located on the Central American isthmus, lying between latitudes 8 ° and 12 ° N, and longitudes 82 ° and 86 ° W. It borders the Caribbean Sea (to the east) and the Pacific Ocean (to the west), with a total of 1,290 kilometres (800 mi) of coastline, 212 km (132 mi) on the Caribbean coast and 1,016 km (631 mi) on the Pacific . Costa Rica also borders Nicaragua to the north (309 km or 192 mi of border) and Panama to the south - southeast (330 km or 210 mi of border). In total, Costa Rica comprises 51,100 square kilometres (19,700 sq mi) plus 589 square kilometres (227 sq mi) of territorial waters . </P> <P> The highest point in the country is Cerro Chirripó, at 3,819 metres (12,530 ft); it is the fifth highest peak in Central America . The highest volcano in the country is the Irazú Volcano (3,431 m or 11,257 ft) and the largest lake is Lake Arenal . There are 14 known volcanoes in Costa Rica, and six of them have been active in the last 75 years . The country has also experienced at least ten earthquakes of magnitude 5.7 or higher (3 of magnitude 7.0 or higher) in the last century . </P>

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