<P> Fortunately for the Allies, two new British fighters that were a match for the Fokker, the two - seat F.E. 2b and the single - seat D.H. 2, were already in production . These were both pushers, and could fire forwards without gun synchronisation . The F.E. 2b reached the front in September 1915, and the D.H. 2 in the following February . On the French front, the tiny Nieuport 11, a tractor biplane with a forward firing gun mounted on the top wing outside the arc of the propeller, also proved more than a match for the German fighter when it entered service in January 1916 . With these new types the Allies re-established air superiority in time for the Battle of the Somme, and the "Fokker Scourge" was over . </P> <P> The Fokker E. III, Airco DH - 2 and Nieuport 11 were the very first in a long line of single seat fighter aircraft used by both sides during the war . Very quickly it became clear the primary role of fighters would be attacking enemy two - seaters, which were becoming increasingly important as sources of reconnaissance and artillery observation, while also escorting and defending friendly two - seaters from enemy fighters . Fighters were also used to attack enemy observation balloons, strafe enemy ground targets, and defend friendly airspace from enemy bombers . </P> <P> Almost all the fighters in service with both sides, with the exception of the Fokkers' steel - tube fuselaged airframes, continued to use wood as the basic structural material, with fabric - covered wings relying on external wire bracing . However, the first practical all - metal aircraft was produced by Hugo Junkers, who also used a cantilever wing structure with a metal covering . The first flight tests of the initial flight demonstrator of this technology, the Junkers J 1 monoplane, took place at the end of 1915 heralding the future of aircraft structural design . </P> <P> When the battle of Verdun began on 21 February 1916, air superiority initially enabled the Germans to establish a blockade (luftsperre) on the French air squadrons . However the French were already arming their specialist fighter squadrons, the Escadrilles de chasse, with the Nieuport 11, and with a new offensive strategy they quickly overcame the luftsperre, establishing air superiority over the battle by April . </P>

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