<P> In cultures with a four - day week, the three Sabbaths derives from the culture's main religious tradition: Friday (Muslim), Saturday (Jewish), and Sunday (Christian). </P> <P> The present - day concept of the relatively longer' week - end' first arose in the industrial north of Britain in the early part of nineteenth century and was originally a voluntary arrangement between factory owners and workers allowing Saturday afternoon off from 2pm in agreement that staff would be available for work sober and refreshed on Monday morning . The Oxford English Dictionary traces the first use of the term weekend to the British magazine Notes and Queries in 1879 . </P> <P> In 1908, the first five - day workweek in the United States was instituted by a New England cotton mill so that Jewish workers would not have to work on the Sabbath from sundown Friday to sundown Saturday . In 1926, Henry Ford began shutting down his automotive factories for all of Saturday and Sunday . In 1929, the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America Union was the first union to demand a five - day workweek and receive it . After that, the rest of the United States slowly followed, but it was not until 1940, when a provision of the 1938 Fair Labor Standards Act mandating a maximum 40 - hour workweek went into effect, that the two - day weekend was adopted nationwide . </P> <P> Over the succeeding decades, particularly in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s, an increasing number of countries adopted either a Friday--Saturday or Saturday--Sunday weekend to harmonize with international markets . A series of workweek reforms in the mid-to - late 2000s and early 2010s brought much of the Arab World in synchronization with the majority of countries around the world, in terms of working hours, the length of the workweek, and the days of the weekend . The International Labour Organization (ILO) currently defines a workweek exceeding 48 hours as excessive . A 2007 study by the ILO found that at least 614.2 million people around the world were working excessive hours . </P>

Who came up with working 5 days a week