<P> In non-document ballot voting systems--both mechanical voting machines and DRE voting machines--the voter does not have an option to review a tangible ballot to confirm the voting system accurately recorded his or her intent . In addition, an election official is unable to manually recount ballots in the event of a dispute . Because of this, critics claim there is an increased chance for electoral fraud or malfunction and security experts, such as Bruce Schneier, have demanded voter - verifiable paper audit trails . Non-document ballot voting systems allow only a recount of the "stored votes". These "stored votes" might not represent the correct voter intent if the machine has been corrupted or suffered malfunction . </P> <P> A fundamental hurdle in the implementation of paper audit trails is the performance and authority of the audit . Paper audit systems increase the cost of electronic voting systems, can be difficult to implement, often require specialized external hardware, and can be difficult to use . In the United States, 27 states require a paper audit trail by statute or regulation for all direct recording electronic voting machines used in public elections . Another 18 states do not require them but use them either statewide or in local jurisdictions . Five US states basically have no paper trail . </P> <P> In India, the voter - verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) system was introduced in 8 of 543 parliamentary constituencies as a pilot project in Indian general election, 2014 . VVPAT was implemented in Lucknow, Gandhinagar, Bangalore South, Chennai Central, Jadavpur, Raipur, Patna Sahib and Mizoram constituencies . Voter - verified paper audit trail was first used in an election in India in September 2013 in Noksen (Assembly Constituency) in Nagaland . VVPAT along with EVMs was used on a large - scale for the first time in India, in 10 assembly seats out of 40 in Mizoram Legislative Assembly election, 2013 . VVPAT - fitted EVMs was used in entire Goa state in the 2017 assembly elections, which was the first time that an entire state in India saw the implementation of VVPAT . </P> <P> When a voter casts a vote on a direct - recording voting machine, the voter "has no knowledge through his senses that he has accomplished a result . The most that can be said, is, if the machine worked as intended, then he...has voted ." This observation was made by Horatio Rogers in 1897, and it remains as true with DRE voting machines as it was with the early mechanical voting machines that Rogers spoke about . </P>

Vvpat first used in which election in india