<P> Proclaim LIBERTY Throughout all the Land unto all the Inhabitants Thereof Lev . XXV . v X . By Order of the ASSEMBLY of the Province of PENSYLVANIA for the State House in Philad Pass and Stow Philad MDCCLIII </P> <P> At the time, "Pensylvania" was an accepted alternative spelling for "Pennsylvania ." That spelling was used by Alexander Hamilton, a graduate of King's College (now Columbia University), in 1787 on the signature page of the United States Constitution . </P> <P> Charles dutifully ordered the bell from Thomas Lester of the London bellfounding firm of Lester and Pack (known subsequently as the Whitechapel Bell Foundry) for the sum of £ 150 13 s 8 d, (equivalent to £ 21,727.65 today) including freight to Philadelphia and insurance . It arrived in Philadelphia in August 1752 . Norris wrote to Charles that the bell was in good order, but they had not yet sounded it, as they were building a clock for the State House's tower . The bell was mounted on a stand to test the sound, and at the first strike of the clapper, the bell's rim cracked . The episode would be used to good account in later stories of the bell; in 1893, former President Benjamin Harrison, speaking as the bell passed through Indianapolis, stated, "This old bell was made in England, but it had to be re-cast in America before it was attuned to proclaim the right of self - government and the equal rights of men ." Philadelphia authorities tried to return it by ship, but the master of the vessel which had brought it was unable to take it on board . </P> <P> Two local founders, John Pass and John Stow, offered to recast the bell . Though they were inexperienced in bell casting, Pass had headed the Mount Holly Iron Foundry in neighboring New Jersey and came from Malta, which had a tradition of bell casting . Stow, on the other hand, was only four years out of his apprenticeship as a brass founder . At Stow's foundry on Second Street, the bell was broken into small pieces, melted down, and cast into a new bell . The two founders decided that the metal was too brittle, and augmented the bell metal by about ten percent, using copper . The bell was ready in March 1753, and Norris reported that the lettering (which included the founders' names and the year) was even clearer on the new bell than on the old . </P>

How did the liberty bell get its first crack
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