<P> There is no single way of understanding the teachings: one teaching may be used to explain another in one passage; the relationship may be reversed or altered in other talks . </P> <P> As a proposition, the four truths defy an exact definition, but refer to and express the basic orientation of Buddhism: clinging and craving to temporary states and things is ultimately unsatisfactory and painful, dukkha, and leads to repeated rebirth and "redeath ." By following the Buddhist path, craving and clinging can be confined, peace of mind and real happiness can be attained, and the resulting cycle of repeated rebirth and "redeath" will be stopped . </P> <P> The truth of dukkha, "incapable of satisfying," "painful," is the basic insight that life in this "mundane world," " with its clinging and craving to impermanent states and things" is dukkha, unsatisfactory and painful . We expect happiness from states and things which are impermanent, and therefore cannot attain real happiness . </P> <P> The truth of samudaya, "arising," "coming together," or dukkha - samudaya, the origination or arising of dukkha, is the truth that repeated life in this world, and its associated dukkha arises, or continues, with taṇhā, "thirst," craving for and clinging to these impermanent states and things . This clinging and craving produces karma, which leads to renewed becoming, keeping us trapped in rebirth and renewed dissatisfaction . Craving includes kama - tanha, craving for sense - pleasures; bhava - tanha, craving to continue the cycle of life and death, including rebirth; and vibhava - tanha, craving to not experience the world and painful feelings . While dukkha - samudaya, the term in the basic set of the four truths, is traditionally translated and explained as "the origin (or cause) of suffering," giving a causal explanation of dukkha, Brazier and Batchelor point to the wider connotations of the term samudaya, "coming into existence together": together with dukkha arises tanha, thirst . Craving does not cause dukkha, but comes into existence together with dukkha, or the five skandhas . It is this craving which is to be confined, as Kondanna understood at the end of the Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta: "whatever arises ceases ." </P>

Explain the four overarching principles of life on earth