<P> In the V - model, each stage of verification phase has a corresponding stage in the validation phase . The following are the typical phases of validation in the V - Model, though they may be known by other names . </P> <P> In the V - Model, Unit Test Plans (UTPs) are developed during module design phase . These UTPs are executed to eliminate bugs at code level or unit level . A unit is the smallest entity which can independently exist, e.g. a program module . Unit testing verifies that the smallest entity can function correctly when isolated from the rest of the codes / units . </P> <P> Integration Test Plans are developed during the Architectural Design Phase . These tests verify that units created and tested independently can coexist and communicate among themselves . Test results are shared with customer's team . </P> <P> System Tests Plans are developed during System Design Phase . Unlike Unit and Integration Test Plans, System Test Plans are composed by client's business team . System Test ensures that expectations from application developed are met . The whole application is tested for its functionality, interdependency and communication . System Testing verifies that functional and non-functional requirements have been met . Load and performance testing, stress testing, regression testing, etc., are subsets of system testing . </P>

How to explain v model in software testing