<P> Although Cambria Iron and Steel's facilities were heavily damaged by the flood, they returned to full production within a year . After the flood, Carnegie built Johnstown a new library to replace the one built by Cambria's chief legal counsel Cyrus Elder, which was destroyed in the flood . The Carnegie - donated library is now owned by the Johnstown Area Heritage Association, and houses the Flood Museum . </P> <P> The Homestead Strike was a bloody labor confrontation lasting 143 days in 1892, one of the most serious in U.S. history . The conflict was centered on Carnegie Steel's main plant in Homestead, Pennsylvania, and grew out of a dispute between the National Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers of the United States and the Carnegie Steel Company . </P> <P> Carnegie left on a trip to Scotland before the unrest peaked . In doing so, Carnegie left mediation of the dispute in the hands of his associate and partner Henry Clay Frick . Frick was well known in industrial circles for maintaining staunch anti-union sensibilities . </P> <P> After a recent increase in profits by 60%, the company refused to raise workers' pay by more than 30% . When some of the workers demanded the full 60%, management locked the union out . Workers considered the stoppage a "lockout" by management and not a "strike" by workers . As such, the workers would have been well within their rights to protest, and subsequent government action would have been a set of criminal procedures designed to crush what was seen as a pivotal demonstration of the growing labor rights movement, strongly opposed by management . Frick brought in thousands of strikebreakers to work the steel mills and Pinkerton agents to safeguard them . </P>

Who developed the oil and steel industries in the united states