<P> In 1316, a principle was established denying women succession to the French throne . When Charles IV of France died without sons or brothers in 1328, his closest male relative was his nephew Edward III of England . Edward's mother, Isabella of France, sister of Charles IV, claimed the French throne for her son, but the French rejected it, maintaining that Isabella could not transmit a right that she did not possess . A French count, Philip of Valois, first cousin of Charles IV in the male line, succeeded to the throne as Philip VI of France . For about nine years (1328--1337), the English had accepted the Valois succession to the French throne, but several disagreements between both monarchs prompted Philip VI to confiscate Edward III's lands in France, which in turn convinced Edward III to reassert his claim to the French throne . Several overwhelming English victories in the war--especially at Crécy, Poitiers, and Agincourt--raised the prospects of an ultimate English triumph, and convinced the English to continue pouring money and manpower into the war over many decades . However, the greater resources of the French monarchy precluded a complete conquest . Starting in 1429, decisive French victories at Orléans, Patay, Formigny, and Castillon concluded the war in favour of France, with England permanently losing most of its possessions on the continent . </P> <P> Historians commonly divide the war into three phases separated by truces: the Edwardian War (1337--1360); the Caroline War (1369--1389); and the Lancastrian War (1415--1453). Local conflicts in neighbouring areas, which were contemporarily related to the war, including the War of the Breton Succession (1341--1365), the Castilian Civil War (1366--1369), the War of the Two Peters (1356--1369) in Aragon, and the 1383--1385 succession crisis in Portugal, were availed by the parties to advance their agendas . Later historians adopted the term "Hundred Years' War" as a historiography periodization to encompass all of these events, thus constructing the longest military conflict in European history . </P> <P> The war owes its historical significance to multiple factors . By its end, feudal armies had been largely replaced by professional troops, and aristocratic dominance had yielded to a democratisation of the manpower and weapons of armies . Although primarily a dynastic conflict, the war gave impetus to ideas of French and English nationalism . The wider introduction of weapons and tactics supplanted the feudal armies where heavy cavalry had dominated, and artillery became important . The war precipitated the creation of the first standing armies in Western Europe since the time of the Western Roman Empire and thus helping to change their role in warfare . With respect to the belligerents, in France, civil wars, deadly epidemics, famines, and bandit free - companies of mercenaries reduced the population drastically . English political forces over time came to oppose the costly venture . The dissatisfaction of English nobles, resulting from the loss of their continental landholdings, became a factor leading to the civil wars known as the Wars of the Roses (1455--1487). </P> <P> The root causes of the conflict can be found in the demographic, economic and political crises of 14th century Europe . The outbreak of war was motivated by a gradual rise in tension between the kings of France and England about Gascony, Flanders and Scotland . The dynastic question, which arose due to an interruption of the direct male line of the Capetians, was the official pretext . </P>

How did the hundred years war marked the end of the feudal age in europe
find me the text answering this question