<P> Cryptorchidism, Hypospadias, Testicular cancer and poor Semen quality make up the syndrome known as Testicular dysgenesis syndrome . </P> <P> Many men who were born with undescended testes have reduced fertility, even after orchiopexy in infancy . The reduction with unilateral cryptorchidism is subtle, with a reported infertility rate of about 10%, compared with about 6% reported by the same study for the general population of adult men . </P> <P> The fertility reduction after orchiopexy for bilateral cryptorchidism is more marked, about 38%, or 6 times that of the general population . The basis for the universal recommendation for early surgery is research showing degeneration of spermatogenic tissue and reduced spermatogonia counts after the second year of life in undescended testes . The degree to which this is prevented or improved by early orchiopexy is still uncertain . </P> <P> One of the strongest arguments for early orchiopexy is reducing the risk of testicular cancer . About 1 in 500 men born with one or both testes undescended develops testicular cancer, roughly a 4 to 40 fold increased risk . The peak incidence occurs in the 3rd and 4th decades of life . The risk is higher for intra-abdominal testes and somewhat lower for inguinal testes, but even the normally descended testis of a man whose other testis was undescended has about a 20% higher cancer risk than those of other men . </P>

Why does failure of testes to descend into the scrotum cause sterility