<P> The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India . It lays down the framework defining fundamental political principles, establishes the structure, procedures, powers and duties of government institutions and sets out fundamental rights, directive principles and the duties of citizens . It is the longest written constitution of any sovereign country in the world . B.R. Ambedkar, the chairman of the Drafting Committee, is widely considered to be its chief architect . </P> <P> It imparts constitutional supremacy and not parliamentary supremacy, as it is not created by the Parliament but, by a constituent assembly, and adopted by its people, with a declaration in its preamble . Parliament cannot override the constitution . </P> <P> It was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949, and came into effect on 26 January 1950 . With its adoption, the Union of India became the modern and contemporary Republic of India replacing the Government of India Act, 1935 as the country's fundamental governing document . To ensure constitutional autochthony, the framers of the constitution repealed the prior Acts of the British Parliament via Article 395 of the constitution . India celebrates its coming into force on 26 January each year, as Republic Day . </P> <P> It declares India a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic, assuring its citizens of justice, equality, and liberty, and endeavours to promote fraternity among them . </P>

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