<P> The molecule has two possible enantiomers as shown in the structural diagrams . The structure on the left is the naturally occurring (R) - form, while its mirror image shown on the right is the (S) - form . </P> <P> Norcamphor is a camphor derivative with the three methyl groups replaced by hydrogen . </P> <P> The word camphor derives from the French word camphre, itself from Medieval Latin camfora, from Arabic kafur, ultimately from Sanskrit, कर्पूरम् / karpūram . Camphor was well known in ancient India during the Vedic period . In Old Malay it is known as kapur Barus, which means "the chalk of Barus". Barus was the name of an ancient port located near modern Sibolga city on the western coast of Sumatra island . This port traded in camphor extracted from laurel trees (Cinnamonum camphora) that were abundant in the region . Even now, the local tribespeople and Indonesians in general refer to aromatic naphthalene balls and moth balls as kapur Barus . </P> <P> In the 19th century, it was known that nitric acid oxidizes camphor into camphoric acid . Haller and Blanc published a semisynthesis of camphor from camphoric acid . Although they demonstrated its structure, they were unable to prove it . The first complete total synthesis of camphoric acid was published by Gustaf Komppa in 1903 . Its inputs were diethyl oxalate and 3, 3 - dimethylpentanoic acid, which reacted by Claisen condensation to yield diketocamphoric acid . Methylation with methyl iodide and a complicated reduction procedure produced camphoric acid . William Perkin published another synthesis a short time later . Previously, some organic compounds (such as urea) had been synthesized in the laboratory as a proof of concept, but camphor was a scarce natural product with a worldwide demand . Komppa realized this and began industrial production of camphor in Tainionkoski, Finland, in 1907 . </P>

What is the meaning of kapur in english