<P> Mendel hypothesized that allele pairs separate randomly, or segregate, from each other during the production of gametes: egg and sperm . Because allele pairs separate during gamete production, a sperm or egg carries only one allele for each inherited trait . When sperm and egg unite at fertilization, each contributes its allele, restoring the paired condition in the offspring . This is called the Law of Segregation . Mendel also found that each pair of alleles segregates independently of the other pairs of alleles during gamete formation . This is known as the Law of Independent Assortment . </P> <P> The genotype of an individual is made up of the many alleles it possesses . An individual's physical appearance, or phenotype, is determined by its alleles as well as by its environment . The presence of an allele does not mean that the trait will be expressed in the individual that possesses it . If the two alleles of an inherited pair differ (the heterozygous condition), then one determines the organism's appearance and is called the dominant allele; the other has no noticeable effect on the organism's appearance and is called the recessive allele . Thus, in the example above the dominant purple flower allele will hide the phenotypic effects of the recessive white flower allele . This is known as the Law of Dominance but it is not a transmission law: it concerns the expression of the genotype . The upper case letters are used to represent dominant alleles whereas the lowercase letters are used to represent recessive alleles . </P> <Table> Mendel's laws of inheritance <Tr> <Th> Law </Th> <Th> Definition </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Law of segregation </Td> <Td> During gamete formation, the alleles for each gene segregate from each other so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Law of independent assortment </Td> <Td> Genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Law of dominance </Td> <Td> Some alleles are dominant while others are recessive; an organism with at least one dominant allele will display the effect of the dominant allele . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Th> Law </Th> <Th> Definition </Th> </Tr>

What are the three laws of mendel inheritance
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