<P> The former Vice-royalty of the Río de la Plata, The United Provinces of the River Plate, fought back Brazil in a war that lasted over 2 years, eventually turning into a stalemate . The Brazilian forces withdrew with the United Provinces keeping them at bay but failing to win any decisive victory . With neither side gained the upper hand and the economic burden of the war crippling the United Provinces economy, the Treaty of Montevideo was signed in 1828, fostered by Britain, declaring Uruguay as an independent state . </P> <P> Paraguay gained its independence on the night of May 14 and the morning of May 15, 1811, after a plan organized by various pro-independence nationalists including Fulgencio Yegros and José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia . </P> <P> Spain initially had the support of the Lima oligarchs because of their opposition to the commercial interests of Buenos Aires and Chile . Therefore, the Viceroyalty of Peru became the last redoubt of the Spanish Monarchy in South America . Nevertheless, a Creole rebellion arose in 1812 in Huánuco and another in Cusco between 1814 and 1816 . Both were suppressed . These rebellions were supported by the armies of Buenos Aires . </P> <P> Peru finally succumbed after the decisive continental campaigns of José de San Martín (1820--1823) and Simón Bolívar (1824). While San Martin was in charge of the land campaign, a newly built Chilean Navy led by Lord Cochrane transported the fighting troops and launched a sea campaign against the Spanish fleet in the Pacific . San Martín, who had displaced the royalists of Chile after the Battle of Maipú, and who had disembarked in Paracas in 1820, proclaimed the independence of Peru in Lima on July 28, 1821 . Four years later, the Spanish Monarchy was defeated definitively at the Battle of Ayacucho . </P>

What latin american country gained independence in 1810