<Li> Action of 9 May 1814 </Li> <P> The War of 1812 was a conflict fought between the United States, the United Kingdom, and their respective allies from June 1812 to February 1815 . Historians in Britain often see it as a minor theatre of the Napoleonic Wars; in the United States and Canada, it is seen as a war in its own right . </P> <P> From the outbreak of war with Napoleonic France, Britain had enforced a naval blockade to choke off neutral trade to France, which the US contested as illegal under international law . To man the blockade, Britain impressed American merchant sailors into the Royal Navy . Incidents such as the Chesapeake--Leopard affair inflamed anti-British sentiment in the US . In 1811, the British were in turn outraged by the Little Belt affair, in which 11 British sailors died . Britain supplied Indians who raided American settlers on the frontier, which hindered American expansion and provoked resentment . Historians debate whether the desire to annex some or all of British North America contributed to the American decision to go to war . On June 18, 1812, US President James Madison, after heavy pressure from the War Hawks in Congress, signed the American declaration of war into law . </P> <P> With most of its army in Europe fighting Napoleon, Britain adopted a defensive strategy . American prosecution of the war effort suffered from its unpopularity, especially in New England, where it was derogatorily referred to as "Mr. Madison's War". American defeats at the Siege of Detroit and the Battle of Queenston Heights thwarted attempts to seize Upper Canada, improving British morale . American attempts to invade Lower Canada and capture Montreal also failed . In 1813, the Americans won the Battle of Lake Erie, gaining control of the lake, and at the Battle of the Thames defeated Tecumseh's Confederacy, securing a primary war goal . At sea, the powerful Royal Navy blockaded American ports, cutting off trade and allowing the British to raid the coast at will . In 1814, one of these raids burned the capital, Washington, although the Americans later repulsed British attempts to invade New England and capture Baltimore . </P>

When did the united states declare war on great britain