<P> Transfer of development rights (TDR) systems are intended to allow property owners in areas deemed desirable for growth (such as infill and brownfield sites) to purchase the right to build at higher densities from owners of properties in areas deemed undesirable for growth such as environmental lands, farmlands or lands outside of an urban growth boundary . TDR programs have been implemented in over 200 U.S. communities . </P> <P> Systematic provision of infrastructure such as schools, libraries, sporting facilities and community facilities is an integral component of smart growth communities . This is commonly known as' social infrastructure' or' community infrastructure' . In Australia, for example, most new suburban developments are master planned, and key social infrastructure is planned at the outset . </P> <P> One popular approach to assist in smart growth in democratic countries is for lawmakers to require prospective developers to prepare environmental impact assessments of their plans as a condition for state and / or local governments to give them permission to build their buildings . These reports often indicate how significant impacts generated by the development will be mitigated, the cost of which is usually paid by the developer . These assessments are frequently controversial . Conservationists, neighborhood advocacy groups and NIMBYs are often skeptical about such impact reports, even when they are prepared by independent agencies and subsequently approved by the decision makers rather than the promoters . Conversely, developers will sometimes strongly resist being required to implement the mitigation measures required by the local government as they may be quite costly . </P> <P> In communities practicing these smart growth policies, developers comply with local codes and requirements . Consequently, developer compliance builds communal trust because it demonstrates a genuine interest in the environmental quality of the community . </P>

Which of the following is used in virginia to promote smart growth