<P> After India gained independence in 1947, a limited autonomy was conferred to New Delhi and was administered by a Chief Commissioner appointed by the Government of India . In 1966, Delhi was converted into a union territory and eventually the Chief Commissioner was replaced by a Lieutenant Governor . The Constitution (Sixty - ninth Amendment) Act, 1991 declared the Union Territory of Delhi to be formally known as National Capital Territory of Delhi . A system was introduced under which the elected Government was given wide powers, excluding law and order which remained with the Central Government . The actual enforcement of the legislation came in 1993 . </P> <P> The first major extension of New Delhi outside of Lutyens' Delhi came in the 1950s when the Central Public Works Department (CPWD) developed a large area of land southwest of Lutyens' Delhi to create the diplomatic enclave of Chanakyapuri, where land was allotted for embassies, chanceries, high commissions and residences of ambassadors, around a wide central vista, Shanti Path . </P> <P> With a total area of 42.7 km (16.5 sq mi), New Delhi forms a small part of the Delhi metropolitan area . Since the city is located on the Indo - Gangetic Plain, there is little difference in elevation across the city . New Delhi and surrounding areas were once a part of the Aravali Range; all that is left of those mountains is the Delhi Ridge, which is also called the Lungs of Delhi . While New Delhi lies on the floodplains of the Yamuna River, it is essentially a landlocked city . East of the river is the urban area of Shahdara . New Delhi falls under the seismic zone - IV, making it vulnerable to earthquakes . </P> <P> New Delhi lies on several fault lines and thus experiences frequent earthquakes, most of them of mild intensity . There was a spike in the number of earthquakes between 2011 and 2015, most notable being a 5.4 magnitude earthquake in 2015 with its epicentre in Nepal, a 4.7 - magnitude earthquake on 25 November 2007, a 4.2 - magnitude earthquake on 7 September 2011, a 5.2 - magnitude earthquake on 5 March 2012, and a swarm of twelve earthquakes, including four of magnitudes 2.5, 2.8, 3.1, and 3.3, on 12 November 2013 . </P>

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