<Li> Passed the Senate on September 11, 1973 (81 - 6) </Li> <Li> Reported by the joint conference committee on June 24, 1974; agreed to by the Senate on June 27, 1974 (72 - 14) and by the House on June 28, 1974 (311 - 10) </Li> <Li> Signed into law by President Richard Nixon on July 12, 1974 </Li> <P> The National Research Act was enacted by the 93rd United States Congress and signed into law by President Richard Nixon on July 12, 1974 after a series of congressional hearings on human - subjects research, directed by Senator Edward Kennedy . The National Research Act created the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research to develop guidelines for human subject research and to oversee and regulate the use of human experimentation in medicine . The National Research Act issued Title 45, Part 46 of the Code of Federal Regulations: Protection of Human Subjects . The National Research Act is overseen by the Office of Human Research Protections . The Act also formalized a regulated IRB process through local institutional review boards, also overseen by the Office of Human Research Protections . </P>

Which of the following studies led to the establishment of the national research act