<P> Whereas the people of our realm, rich and poor alike, were accustomed formerly in their games to practise archery--whence by God's help, it is well known that high honour and profit came to our realm, and no small advantage to ourselves in our warlike enterprises...that every man in the same country, if he be able - bodied, shall, upon holidays, make use, in his games, of bows and arrows...and so learn and practise archery . </P> <P> If the people practised archery, it would be that much easier for the king to recruit the proficient longbowmen he needed for his wars . Along with the improving ability of gunfire to penetrate plate armour, it was the long training needed by longbowmen that eventually led to their being replaced by musketeers . </P> <P> The range of the medieval weapon is not accurately known, with much depending on both the power of the bow and the type of arrow . It has been suggested that a flight arrow of a professional archer of Edward III's time would reach 400 yd (370 m) but the longest mark shot at on the London practice ground of Finsbury Fields in the 16th century was 345 yd (315 m). In 1542, Henry VIII set a minimum practice range for adults using flight arrows of 220 yd (200 m); ranges below this had to be shot with heavy arrows . Modern experiments broadly concur with these historical ranges . A 667 N (150 lbf) Mary Rose replica longbow was able to shoot a 53.6 g (1.89 oz) arrow 328 m (359 yd) and a 95.9 g (3.38 oz) a distance of 249.9 m (273.3 yd). In 2012, Joe Gibbs shot a 2.25 oz (64 g) livery arrow 292 yd (267 m) with a 170 lbf yew bow . The effective combat range of longbowmen was generally lower than what could be achieved on the practice range as sustained shooting was tiring and the rigors of campaigning would sap soldiers' strength . Writing 30 years after the Mary Rose sank, Barnabe Rich estimated that if 1,000 English archers were mustered then after one week only 100 of them would be able to shoot farther than 200 paces, while 200 would not be able to shoot farther than 180 paces . </P> <P> In an early modern test by Saxton Pope, a direct hit from a steel bodkin point penetrated Damascus mail armour . </P>

What is the effective range of an english longbow
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