<P> In the winter of 1838 the Cherokee began the 1,000 - mile (1,600 km) march with scant clothing and most on foot without shoes or moccasins . The march began in Red Clay, Tennessee, the location of the last Eastern capital of the Cherokee Nation . Because of the diseases, the Indians were not allowed to go into any towns or villages along the way; many times this meant traveling much farther to go around them . After crossing Tennessee and Kentucky, they arrived at the Ohio River across from Golconda in southern Illinois about the 3rd of December 1838 . Here the starving Indians were charged a dollar a head (equal to $22.98 today) to cross the river on "Berry's Ferry" which typically charged twelve cents, equal to $2.76 today . They were not allowed passage until the ferry had serviced all others wishing to cross and were forced to take shelter under "Mantle Rock", a shelter bluff on the Kentucky side, until "Berry had nothing better to do". Many died huddled together at Mantle Rock waiting to cross . Several Cherokee were murdered by locals . The Cherokee filed a lawsuit against the U.S. Government through the courthouse in Vienna, suing the government for $35 a head (equal to $804.34 today) to bury the murdered Cherokee . </P> <P> As they crossed southern Illinois, on December 26, Martin Davis, Commissary Agent for Moses Daniel's detachment, wrote: </P> <P> There is the coldest weather in Illinois I ever experienced anywhere . The streams are all frozen over something like 8 or 12 inches (20 or 30 cm) thick . We are compelled to cut through the ice to get water for ourselves and animals . It snows here every two or three days at the fartherest . We are now camped in Mississippi (River) swamp 4 miles (6 km) from the river, and there is no possible chance of crossing the river for the numerous quantity of ice that comes floating down the river every day . We have only traveled 65 miles (105 km) on the last month, including the time spent at this place, which has been about three weeks . It is unknown when we shall cross the river...</P> <P> A soldier from Georgia said: </P>

Which american indian tribe traveled the farthest to get to the indian territory