<P> In details, the normal human eye contains three different types of cones, with different ranges of spectral sensitivity . The brain combines the signals from neighboring cones to distinguish different colors . There is only one type of rod, but the rods are more sensitive than the cones, so in dim light they are the dominant photoreceeptors active, and without information provided by the separate spectral sensitivity of the cones it is impossible to discriminate colors . In the fovea centralis, cones predominate, and are present at high density . The macula is thus responsible for the central, high - resolution, color vision that is possible in good light; and this kind of vision is impaired if the macula is damaged, for example in macular degeneration . </P> <P> The clinical macula is seen when viewed from the pupil, as in ophthalmoscopy or retinal photography . </P> <P> Whereas loss of peripheral vision may go unnoticed for some time, damage to the macula will result in loss of central vision, which is usually immediately obvious . The progressive destruction of the macula is a disease known as macular degeneration and can sometimes lead to the creation of a macular hole . Macular holes are rarely caused by trauma, but if a severe blow is delivered it can burst the blood vessels going to the macula, destroying it . </P> <P> Visual input from the macula occupies a substantial portion of the brain's visual capacity . As a result, some forms of visual field loss that occur without involving the macula are termed macular sparing . (For example, visual field testing might demonstrate homonymous hemianopsia with macular sparing .) </P>

Located in the middle region of the retina is the yellowish structure called the macula