<P> According to the recent African origin of modern humans hypothesis (Out of Africa II), anatomically modern humans started moving into Eurasia and replacing earlier humans c. 100,000 years ago . The phrase Out of Africa used alone generally means Out of Africa II, the expansion of modern humans into Eurasia . </P> <P> Until the early 1980s, hominins were thought to have been restricted to the African continent in the Early Pleistocene, or until about 0.8 Ma; thus, early archaeological efforts focused disproportionately on (East) Africa . Further, hominin migrations out of East Africa were probably rare in the Early Pleistocene, leaving a record of events broken in space and time . In general, archeological evidence does not fit simple theories of where the migrations took place and is insufficient to support elaborate conjectures . </P> <P> The oldest hominin sites are in East Africa . The earliest known retouched tools were found in Lomekwi, Kenya, and date back to 3.3 Ma, in the late Pliocene . They might be the product of Australopithecus garhi or Paranthropus aethiopicus, the two known hominins contemporary with the tools . </P> <P> Homo habilis is the first member of the Homo line and could have descended from the Australopithecus as early as 2.3 Ma; it is first attested in Lake Turkana, Kenya . Homo erectus seems to have appeared later, its earliest remains dating back to c . 1.9--1.6 Ma at Koobi Fora, Kenya . The two species would have lived face to face in East Africa for nearly half a million years . </P>

The earliest hominin discovery from africa and the world was done in