<P> The Reformation Parliament of 1560 repudiated the pope's authority by the Papal Jurisdiction Act 1560, forbade the celebration of the Mass and approved a Protestant Confession of Faith . It was made possible by a revolution against French hegemony under the regime of the regent Mary of Guise, who had governed Scotland in the name of her absent daughter Mary, Queen of Scots (then also Queen of France). </P> <P> Although Protestantism triumphed relatively easily in Scotland, the exact form of Protestantism remained to be determined . The 17th century saw a complex struggle between Presbyterianism (particularly the Covenanters) and Episcopalianism . The Presbyterians eventually won control of the Church of Scotland, which went on to have an important influence on Presbyterian churches worldwide, but Scotland retained a relatively large Episcopalian minority . </P> <P> Protestantism also spread from the German lands into France, where the Protestants were nicknamed Huguenots; this eventually led to decades of civil warfare . </P> <P> Though not personally interested in religious reform, Francis I (reigned 1515--1547) initially maintained an attitude of tolerance, in accordance with his interest in the humanist movement . This changed in 1534 with the Affair of the Placards . In this act, Protestants denounced the Catholic Mass in placards that appeared across France, even reaching the royal apartments . The issue of religious faith having been thrown into the arena of politics, Francis came to view the movement as a threat to the kingdom's stability . This led to the first major phase of anti-Protestant persecution in France, in which the Chambre Ardente ("Burning Chamber") was established (1535) within the Parlement of Paris to deal with the rise in prosecutions for heresy . Several thousand French Protestants fled the country, most notably John Calvin, who emigrated to Basel in 1535 before eventually settling in Geneva in 1536 . </P>

What was one major difference between the protestant reformation and the catholic reformation