<P> The United Kingdom has experienced deindustrialisation, especially in both heavy industry (such as mining and steel) and light manufacturing . New jobs have appeared with either low wages, or with high skill requirements that the laid - off workers lack . The political reverberations have been growing . </P> <P> The UK's share of manufacturing output had risen from 9.5% in 1830, during the Industrial Revolution, to 22.9% in the 1870s . It fell to 13.6% by 1913, 10.7% by 1938, and 4.9% by 1973 . Overseas competition, lack of innovation, trade unionism, the welfare state, loss of the British Empire, and cultural attitudes have all been put forward as explanations for the industrial decline . It reached crisis point in the 1970s, with a worldwide energy crisis, high inflation, and a dramatic influx of low - cost manufactured goods from Asia . Coal mining quickly collapsed and practically disappeared by the 21st century . Railways were decrepit, more textile mills closed than opened, steel employment fell sharply, and the car - making industry suffered . Popular responses varied a great deal; Tim Strangleman et al. found a range of responses from the affected workers: Some nostalgically invoked a glorious industrial past or the bygone empire to cope with their new - found personal economic insecurity, many turned to exclusionary Englishness, and others looked to the European Union for help . By the 2010s, grievances had accumulated enough to have a political impact . The United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP), based in working - class towns, gained an increasing share of the vote while warning against the dangers of immigration . Political reverberations came to a head in the popular vote in favour of Brexit in 2016 . </P> <P> In the United States, deindustrialisation is mostly a regional phenomenon, centred on the Rust Belt of the original industrial centres from New England to the Great Lakes . While many Americans put the timing of industrial crisis as 1979 to 1984, in fact the most massive loss of US manufacturing jobs occurred in the 21st century: one third of US manufacturing jobs disappeared between 2001 and 2009, according to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics https://data.bls.gov/timeseries/CES3000000001 . </P> <P> The mainstream of the economics professions argues nontheless that loss of manufacturing jobs is not a problem for the following reasons: real industrial production rose in the United States in most years from 1983 to 2007 . The argument is then that machines are replacing workers in the sense that more output is being produced by the same number of workers . In addition, the overall US labour force has increased dramatically, resulting in a massive reduction in the percent of the labour force engaged in industry (from over 35% in the late 1960s to under 20% today). Industry (and specifically manufacturing) is thus less prominent in American life and the American economy now than in over a hundred years . </P>

An example of deindustrialization in the united states economy is apparent in this area