<P> One of the first cases investigated by the newly formed Detective Branch was The Bermondsey Horror of 1849, in which a married couple, Frederick and Marie Manning, murdered Patrick O'Connor and buried his body under the kitchen floor . After going on the run they were tracked down by Detective Sergeants Thornton and Langley and publicly hanged outside Horsemonger Gaol in Southwark . </P> <P> After Rowan's death in 1852, Mayne presided as sole Commissioner . In 1857 he was paid a salary of £ 1,883 (a fortune, roughly equivalent to £ 1.2 m in 2009), and his two Assistant Commissioners were paid salaries £ 800 each, approximately £ 526,000 in 2009 . </P> <P> It took some time to establish the standards of discipline expected today from a police force . In 1863, 215 officers were arrested for being intoxicated while on duty, In 1872 there was a police strike, and during 1877 three high ranking detectives were tried for corruption at the Old Bailey . Due to this latter scandal the Detective Branch was re-organised in 1878 by C.E. Howard Vincent, and renamed the Criminal Investigation Department (CID). This was separated from the uniformed branch and its head had direct access to the Home Secretary, by - passing the Commissioner . </P> <P> Special Constables were first introduced by the Special Constables Act 1831, empowering Magistrates to appoint ordinary citizens as temporary police officers in times of emergency . In 1834, the Act was extended to allow citizens appointed as Specials to act outside of their Parish area . In 1848, 150,000 Specials were sworn in, to assist regular officers in preventing Chartists from reaching Kennington, and then marching to Westminster . In 1912, the Specials were reorganised, scrapping the old system of anyone being liable to be appointed, instead they had to volunteer . In 1934, it was named the Metropolitan Special Constabulary (MSC), a name which it keeps today in its present form . For a short period of time after the MSC was formed, Specials did not receive uniforms like that of a full - time policeman . Instead, they were issued with armbands which identified them as Special Constables, along with being issued a truncheon and a whistle . </P>

Modern policing began with the formation of the london metropolitan police in what year