<Li> Activation--Students learn more when they are directed to recall prior knowledge, to recall a structure for organizing that knowledge, or are given a structure for organizing new knowledge . This activation can also include a foundational learning experience upon which new learning can be based . </Li> <Li> Demonstration--Students learn more when new knowledge is demonstrated to them in the context of real - world tasks or problems . The knowledge that is demonstrated is both informational and skill - based . Demonstration is enhanced when it adheres to research - based principles of e-learning . </Li> <Li> Application--Students learn more when they perform real - world tasks or solve real - world problems and receive feedback and appropriate guidance during that application . </Li> <Li> Integration--Students learn more when they are encouraged to integrate their new knowledge into their life through reflection, discussion, debate, and / or presentation of new knowledge . </Li>

Explain the mellier's principles of instruction in the context of pedagogy