<P> In Asia, red hair has been found among the ancient Tocharians, who occupied the Tarim Basin in what is now the northwesternmost province of China . Caucasian Tarim mummies have been found with red hair dating to the 2nd millennium BC . </P> <P> Reddish - brown (auburn) hair is also found amongst some Polynesians, and is especially common in some tribes and family groups . In Polynesian culture reddish hair has traditionally been seen as a sign of descent from high - ranking ancestors and a mark of rulership . </P> <P> The pigment pheomelanin gives red hair its distinctive color . Red hair has far more of the pigment pheomelanin than it has of the dark pigment eumelanin . </P> <P> The genetics of red hair, discovered in 1997, appear to be associated with the melanocortin - 1 receptor (MC1R), which is found on chromosome 16 . Red hair is associated with fair skin color because low concentrations of eumelanin throughout the body of those with red hair caused by a MC1R mutation can cause both . The lower melanin concentration in skin confers the advantage that a sufficient concentration of important Vitamin D can be produced under low light conditions . However, when UV - radiation is strong (as in regions close to the equator) the lower concentration of melanin leads to several medical disadvantages, such as a higher risk of skin cancer . </P>

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