<Li> Fostered bureaucracy and administrative inefficiency (Billington and Ridge) and enlarged the powers of the federal government </Li> <Li> Slowed the growth of civil service reform by multiplying offices outside the merit system (Billington and Ridge) </Li> <Li> Infringed upon free business enterprise (Billington and Ridge) </Li> <Li> Rescued capitalism when the opportunity was at hand to nationalize banking, railroads and other industries (New Left critique) </Li>

The new deal ended the great depression in the united states