<P> Exercise Malabar is a trilateral naval exercise involving the United States, Japan and India as permanent partners . Originally a bilateral exercise between India and the United States, Japan became a permanent partner in 2015 . Past non-permanent participants are Australia and Singapore . The annual Malabar series began in 1992 and includes diverse activities, ranging from fighter combat operations from aircraft carriers through Maritime Interdiction Operations Exercises . </P> <P> Three exercises were conducted before 1998, when the Americans suspended exercises after India tested nuclear weapons . However, the United States renewed military contacts following the September 11 attacks when India joined President George W Bush's campaign against international terrorism . </P>

Which of these naval exercise is conduct joint by india and singapore
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