<P> Joseph Hudson set up J Hudson & Co in Birmingham, UK in 1870 . With his younger brother James, he designed the' Acme City' brass whistle . This became the first referee whistle used at association football matches during the 1878--79 Football Association Cup match between Nottingham Forest and Sheffield . Prior to the introduction of the whistle, handkerchiefs were used by the umpires to signal to the players . </P> <P> In 1883 he began experimenting with pea - whistle designs that could produce an intense sound that could grab attention from over a mile away . His invention was discovered by accident, when he accidentally dropped his violin and it shattered on the floor . Observing how the discordant sound of the breaking strings travelled (trill effect), Hudson had the idea to put a pea in the whistle . Prior to this, whistles were much quieter, and were only thought of as musical instruments or toys for children . After observing the problems that local police were having with effectively communicating with rattles, he realised that his whistle designs could be used as an effective aid to their work . </P> <P> Hudson demonstrated his whistle to Scotland Yard and was awarded his first contract in 1884 . Both Ratchet rattles and whistles were used to call for back - up in areas where neighbourhood beats overlapped, and following their success in London, the whistle was adopted by most police in the United Kingdom (UK). </P> <P> This police whistle monopoly gradually made Hudson the largest whistle manufacturer in the world, supplying police forces and other general services everywhere . His whistle is still used by many forces worldwide . His design, was improved as the' Acme Thunderer', the first ever pea whistle, which remains the most used whistle in the world; for train guards, dog handlers and police officers . From the 1880s and 1890s, J. Hudson & Co began facing greater competition, as other whistle manufacturing companies were established, including W. Dowler & Sons, J. Barrall, R.A. Walton, H.A. Ward and A. De Courcy & Co . In 1987, Ron Foxcroft released the Fox 40 pealess whistle, designed to replace the pea whistle and be more reliable . </P>

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