<Li> North Star (1847--51): an anti-slavery American newspaper published by the escaped slave, author, and abolitionist, Frederick Douglass . </Li> <Ul> <Li> Slave narratives, books published in the U.S. and elsewhere by former slaves or about former slaves, relating their experiences . </Li> <Li> Anti-Slavery International publications </Li> </Ul> <Li> Slave narratives, books published in the U.S. and elsewhere by former slaves or about former slaves, relating their experiences . </Li> <Li> Anti-Slavery International publications </Li>

Which of these was a driving force behind early colonial presence in nigeria