<P> A concave mirror, or converging mirror, has a reflecting surface that bulges inward (away from the incident light). Concave mirrors reflect light inward to one focal point. They are used to focus light . Unlike convex mirrors, concave mirrors show different image types depending on the distance between the object and the mirror . </P> <P> These mirrors are called "converging mirrors" because they tend to collect light that falls on them, refocusing parallel incoming rays toward a focus . This is because the light is reflected at different angles, since the normal to the surface differs with each spot on the mirror . </P> <P> Concave mirrors are used in reflecting telescopes . They are also used to provide a magnified image of the face for applying make - up or shaving . In illumination applications, concave mirrors are used to gather light from a small source and direct it outward in a beam as in torches, headlamps and spotlights, or to collect light from a large area and focus it into a small spot, as in concentrated solar power . Concave mirrors are used to form optical cavities, which are important in laser construction . Some dental mirrors use a concave surface to provide a magnified image . The mirror landing aid system of modern aircraft carriers also uses a concave mirror . </P> <Table> Effect on image of object's position relative to mirror focal point (concave) <Tr> <Th> Object's position (S), focal point (F) </Th> <Th> Image </Th> <Th> Diagram </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> S <F (\ displaystyle S <F) (Object between focal point and mirror) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Virtual </Li> <Li> Upright </Li> <Li> Magnified (larger) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> S = F (\ displaystyle S = F) (Object at focal point) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Reflected rays are parallel and never meet, so no image is formed . </Li> <Li> In the limit where S approaches F, the image distance approaches infinity, and the image can be either real or virtual and either upright or inverted depending on whether S approaches F from above or below . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> F <S <2 F (\ displaystyle F <S <2F) (Object between focus and centre of curvature) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Real image </Li> <Li> Inverted (vertically) </Li> <Li> Magnified (larger) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> S = 2 F (\ displaystyle S = 2F) (Object at centre of curvature) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Real image </Li> <Li> Inverted (vertically) </Li> <Li> Same size </Li> <Li> Image formed at centre of curvature </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> S> 2 F (\ displaystyle S> 2F) (Object beyond centre of curvature) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Real image </Li> <Li> Inverted (vertically) </Li> <Li> Reduced (diminished / smaller) </Li> <Li> As the distance of the object increases, the image asymptotically approaches the focal point </Li> <Li> In the limit where S approaches infinity, the image size approaches zero as the image approaches F </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table>

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