<Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> www.mfglobal.com </Td> </Tr> <P> MF Global, formerly known as Man Financial, was a major global financial derivatives broker, or commodities brokerage firm that went bankrupt in 2011 . MF Global provided exchange - traded derivatives, such as futures and options as well as over-the - counter products such as contracts for difference (CFDs), foreign exchange and spread betting . MF Global Inc., its broker - dealer subsidiary, was a primary dealer in United States Treasury securities . A series of perceived liquidity problems and large fines and penalties dogged MF Global starting in 2008, and led to its bankruptcy in 2011 . </P> <P> In 2011, MF Global faced major pressures to its liquidity over several months . Some analysts and financial commentators indicate that MF Global probably experienced a number of trading days in 2011 during which the firm's bets on sovereign debt would have required the use of customer funds to meet capital requirements, thereby maintaining operating funds and possibly overall solvency . A large part of these pressures on MF Global were a result of the firm's involvement in a significant number of repurchase agreements . Many of these repo agreements were conducted off their balance sheet . Also, MF Global made a $6.3 billion investment on its own behalf in bonds of some of Europe's most indebted nations . Failure of those, and other, repo positions contributed to the massive liquidity crisis at the firm . MF Global experienced a meltdown of its financial condition, caused by improper transfers of over $891 million from customer accounts to a MF broker - dealer account to cover losses created by trading losses . </P> <P> On October 31, 2011, MF Global executives admitted that transfer of $700 million from customer accounts to the broker - dealer and a loan of $175 million in customer funds to MF Global's U.K. subsidiary to cover (or mask) liquidity shortfalls at the company occurred on October 28, 2011 . MF could not repay these monies with its own funds . Improper co-mingling, or mixing, of company and client funds took place for days before the illicit transfer and loans, and perhaps for many other days earlier in the year . According to the New York Times, "MF Global dipped again and again into customer funds to meet the demands", perhaps beginning as early as August 2011 . </P>

Mf global's huge losses in 2011 were a result of