<P> Marx argued that increasing the specialization may also lead to workers with poorer overall skills and a lack of enthusiasm for their work . He described the process as alienation: workers become more and more specialized and work becomes repetitive, eventually leading to complete alienation from the process of production . The worker then becomes "depressed spiritually and physically to the condition of a machine". </P> <P> Additionally, Marx argued that division of labour creates less - skilled workers . As the work becomes more specialized, less training is needed for each specific job, and the workforce, overall, is less skilled than if one worker did one job entirely . </P> <P> Among Marx's theoretical contributions is his sharp distinction between the economic and the social division of labor . That is, some forms of labour co-operation are purely due to "technical necessity", but others are a result of a "social control" function related to a class and status hierarchy . If these two divisions are conflated, it might appear as though the existing division of labour is technically inevitable and immutable, rather than (in good part) socially constructed and influenced by power relationships . He also argues that in a communist society, the division of labour is transcended, meaning that balanced human development occurs where people fully express their nature in the variety of creative work that they do . </P> <P> Henry David Thoreau criticized the division of labour in Walden (published in 1854), on the basis that it removes people from a sense of connectedness with society and with the world at large, including nature . He claimed that the average man in a civilized society is less wealthy, in practice, than one in a "savage" society . The answer he gave was that self - sufficiency was enough to cover one's basic needs . </P>

Why would division of labour without trade not work