<P> Meanwhile, many Northern abolitionists took offense to the South's appropriation of "Dixie" because it was originally written as a satirical critique of the institution of slavery in the South . Before even the fall of Fort Sumter, Frances J. Crosby published "Dixie for the Union" and "Dixie Unionized ." The tune formed part of the repertoire of both Union bands and common troops until 1863 . Broadsides circulated with titles like "The Union' Dixie"' or "The New Dixie, the True' Dixie' for Northern Singers ." Northern "Dixies" disagreed with the Southerners over the institution of slavery and this dispute, at the center of the divisiveness and destructiveness of the American Civil War, played out in the culture of American folk music through the disputes over the meaning of this song . Emmett himself arranged "Dixie" for the military in a book of fife instruction in 1862, and a 1904 work by Charles Burleigh Galbreath claims that Emmett gave his official sanction to Crosby's Union lyrics . At least 39 versions of the song, both vocal and instrumental, were published between 1860 and 1866 . </P> <P> Northerners, Emmett among them, also declared that the "Dixie Land" of the song was actually in the North . One common story, still cited today, claimed that Dixie was a Manhattan slave owner who had sent his slaves south just before New York's 1827 banning of slavery . The stories had little effect; for most Americans, "Dixie" was synonymous with the South . </P> <P> On April 10, 1865, one day after the surrender of General Robert E. Lee, Lincoln addressed a White House crowd: </P> <P> I propose now closing up by requesting you play a certain piece of music or a tune . I thought "Dixie" one of the best tunes I ever heard...I had heard that our adversaries over the way had attempted to appropriate it . I insisted yesterday that we had fairly captured it...I presented the question to the Attorney - General, and he gave his opinion that it is our lawful prize...I ask the Band to give us a good turn upon it . </P>

When was i wish i was in dixie written