<Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <P> Ethnocentrism is judging another culture solely by the values and standards of one's own culture . Ethnocentric individuals judge other groups relative to their own ethnic group or culture, especially with concern for language, behavior, customs, and religion . These ethnic distinctions and subdivisions serve to define each ethnicity's unique cultural identity . William G. Summer defined it as "the technical name for the view of things in which one's own group is the center of everything, and all others are scaled and rated with reference to it ." He further characterized ethnocentrism as often leading to pride, vanity, beliefs of one's own group's superiority, and contempt of outsiders . This may occur for the differentiation of people between in - groups and out - groups . Two main view points of ethnocentrism are the social sciences and the genetics . In anthropology, cultural relativism is used as an antithesis and an antonym to ethnocentrism . In biology, ethnocentrism is considered a natural condition of mankind . </P> <P> The term "ethnocentrism" was coined by Ludwig Gumplowicz and subsequently employed by William G. Sumner . Gumplowicz defined ethnocentrism as the reasons by virtue of which each people believed it had always occupied the highest point not only among contemporaneous peoples and nations but also in relation to all peoples of the historical past (Der Rassenkampf, 1883). Sumner relied on observing the tendency for people to differentiate between the in - group and others, disseminating it in his 1906 work Folkways . </P>

The tendency to judge other cultures by the standards of one’s own is considered