<P> While the United States focused on the manned Apollo program, the Soviet Union conducted unmanned missions that deployed rovers and returned samples to the Earth . Three rover missions were launched, of which two were successful, and eleven sample return flights were attempted with three successes . </P> <P> Missions to the Moon have been conducted by the Soviet Union, United States, European Space Agency, Japan, India and the People's Republic of China . The Moon has also been visited by five spacecraft not dedicated to studying it; four spacecraft have flown past it to gain gravity assistance, and a radio telescope, Explorer 49, was placed into selenocentric orbit in order to use the Moon to block interference from terrestrial radio sources . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Spacecraft </Th> <Th> Launch Date </Th> <Th> Carrier rocket </Th> <Th> Operator </Th> <Th> Mission </Th> <Th> Outcome </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pioneer 0 (Able I) </Td> <Td> 000000001958 - 08 - 17 - 0000 17 August 1958 </Td> <Td> Thor DM - 18 Able I </Td> <Td> USAF </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> Launch failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> First attempted launch beyond Earth orbit; failed to orbit due to turbopump gearbox malfunction resulting in first stage explosion . Reached apogee of 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> E-1 No. 1 </Td> <Td> 000000001958 - 09 - 23 - 0000 23 September 1958 </Td> <Td> Luna </Td> <Td> OKB - 1 </Td> <Td> Impactor </Td> <Td> Launch failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Failed to orbit; rocket disintegrated due to excessive vibration </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pioneer 1 (Able II) </Td> <Td> 000000001958 - 10 - 11 - 0000 11 October 1958 </Td> <Td> Thor DM - 18 Able I </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> Launch failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Failed to orbit; premature second stage cutoff due to accelerometer failure . Later known as Pioneer 1 . Reached apogee of 113,800 kilometres (70,700 mi). </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> E-1 No. 2 </Td> <Td> 000000001958 - 10 - 11 - 0000 11 October 1958 </Td> <Td> Luna </Td> <Td> OKB - 1 </Td> <Td> Impactor </Td> <Td> Launch failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Failed to orbit; carrier rocket exploded due to excessive vibration . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pioneer 2 (Able III) </Td> <Td> 000000001958 - 11 - 08 - 0000 8 November 1958 </Td> <Td> Thor DM - 18 Able I </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> Launch failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Failed to orbit; premature second stage cutoff due to erroneous command by ground controllers; third stage failed to ignite due to broken electrical connection Reached apogee of 1,550 kilometres (960 mi). </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> E-1 No. 3 </Td> <Td> 000000001958 - 12 - 04 - 0000 4 December 1958 </Td> <Td> Luna </Td> <Td> OKB - 1 </Td> <Td> Impactor </Td> <Td> Launch failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Failed to orbit; seal failure in hydrogen peroxide pump cooling system resulted in core stage underperformance </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pioneer 3 </Td> <Td> 000000001958 - 12 - 06 - 0000 6 December 1958 </Td> <Td> Juno II </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Flyby </Td> <Td> Launch failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Failed to orbit; premature first stage cutoff . Reached apogee of 102,360 kilometres (63,600 mi). </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mechta (E-1 No. 4) </Td> <Td> 000000001959 - 01 - 02 - 0000 2 January 1959 </Td> <Td> Luna </Td> <Td> OKB - 1 </Td> <Td> Impactor </Td> <Td> Launch failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Carrier rocket guidance problem resulted in failure to impact Moon, flew past in heliocentric orbit, later known as Luna 1 Closest approach 5,995 kilometres (3,725 mi) on 4 January . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pioneer 4 </Td> <Td> 000000001959 - 03 - 03 - 0000 3 March 1959 </Td> <Td> Juno II </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Flyby </Td> <Td> Partial failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Second stage overperformance resulted in flyby at greater altitude than expected, out of instrument range, with 58,983 kilometres of distance . Closest approach at 22: 25 UTC on 4 March . First U.S. spacecraft to leave Earth orbit . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> E-1A No. 1 </Td> <Td> 000000001959 - 06 - 18 - 0000 18 June 1959 </Td> <Td> Luna </Td> <Td> OKB - 1 </Td> <Td> Impactor </Td> <Td> Launch failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Failed to orbit; guidance system malfunction </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Luna 2 (E-1A No. 2) </Td> <Td> 000000001959 - 09 - 12 - 0000 12 September 1959 </Td> <Td> Luna </Td> <Td> OKB - 1 </Td> <Td> Impactor </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Successful impact at 21: 02 on 14 September 1959 . First spacecraft to reach lunar surface </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Luna 3 (E-2A No. 1) </Td> <Td> 000000001959 - 10 - 04 - 0000 4 October 1959 </Td> <Td> Luna </Td> <Td> OKB - 1 </Td> <Td> Flyby </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Returned first images of the far side of the Moon </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> P - 3 Able IVB </Td> <Td> 000000001959 - 11 - 26 - 0000 26 November 1959 </Td> <Td> Atlas - D Able </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> Launch failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Failed to orbit; payload fairing disintegrated due to design fault </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> E-3 No. 1 </Td> <Td> 000000001960 - 04 - 15 - 0000 15 April 1960 </Td> <Td> Luna </Td> <Td> OKB - 1 </Td> <Td> Flyby </Td> <Td> Launch failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Failed to orbit; premature third stage cutoff </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> E-3 No. 2 </Td> <Td> 000000001960 - 04 - 16 - 0000 16 April 1960 </Td> <Td> Luna </Td> <Td> OKB - 1 </Td> <Td> Flyby </Td> <Td> Launch failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Failed to orbit; rocket disintegrated ten seconds after launch </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> P - 30 (Able VA) </Td> <Td> 000000001960 - 09 - 25 - 0000 25 September 1960 </Td> <Td> Atlas - D Able </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> Launch failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Failed to orbit; second stage oxidiser system malfunction resulting in premature cutoff payload fairing disintegrated due to design fault </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> P - 31 (Able VB) </Td> <Td> 000000001960 - 12 - 15 - 0000 15 December 1960 </Td> <Td> Atlas - D Able </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> Launch failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Failed to orbit; second stage ignited while first stage was still attached and burning, vehicle exploded </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ranger 3 (P - 34) </Td> <Td> 000000001962 - 01 - 26 - 0000 26 January 1962 </Td> <Td> Atlas LV - 3 Agena - B </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Impactor </Td> <Td> Spacecraft failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Partial launch failure due to guidance problem; attempt to correct using spacecraft's engine resulted in it missing the Moon by 36,793 kilometres (22,862 mi) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ranger 4 (P - 35) </Td> <Td> 000000001962 - 04 - 23 - 0000 23 April 1962 </Td> <Td> Atlas LV - 3 Agena - B </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Impactor </Td> <Td> Spacecraft failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Failed to deploy solar panels, ran out of power ten hours after launch; incidental impact on the far side of the Moon on 26 April </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ranger 5 (P - 36) </Td> <Td> 000000001962 - 10 - 18 - 0000 18 October 1962 </Td> <Td> Atlas LV - 3 Agena - B </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Impactor </Td> <Td> Spacecraft failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Solar panels erroneously disengaged from power system, failed ​ 8 ⁄ hours after launch when batteries were depleted . Missed the Moon as course correction was not completed </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> E-6 No. 2 </Td> <Td> 000000001963 - 01 - 04 - 0000 4 January 1963 </Td> <Td> Molniya - L </Td> <Td> OKB - 1 </Td> <Td> Lander </Td> <Td> Launch failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Failed to depart Low Earth orbit; guidance system power failure prevented upper stage ignition </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> E-6 No. 3 </Td> <Td> 000000001963 - 02 - 03 - 0000 3 February 1963 </Td> <Td> Molniya - L </Td> <Td> OKB - 1 </Td> <Td> Lander </Td> <Td> Launch failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Failed to orbit; guidance failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Luna 4 (E-6 No. 4) </Td> <Td> 000000001963 - 04 - 02 - 0000 2 April 1963 </Td> <Td> Molniya - L </Td> <Td> OKB - 1 </Td> <Td> Lander </Td> <Td> Spacecraft failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Failed to perform mid-course correction, remained in high Earth orbit until given escape velocity by orbital perturbation </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ranger 6 (P - 54) </Td> <Td> 000000001964 - 01 - 30 - 0000 30 January 1964 </Td> <Td> Atlas LV - 3 Agena - B </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Impactor </Td> <Td> Spacecraft failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Impacted on 2 February 1964, failed to return images due to power system failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> E-6 No. 6 </Td> <Td> 000000001964 - 03 - 21 - 0000 21 March 1964 </Td> <Td> Molniya - M </Td> <Td> OKB - 1 </Td> <Td> Lander </Td> <Td> Launch failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Failed to orbit; third stage underperformed due to oxidiser valve failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> E-6 No. 5 </Td> <Td> 000000001964 - 04 - 20 - 0000 20 April 1964 </Td> <Td> Molniya - M </Td> <Td> OKB - 1 </Td> <Td> Lander </Td> <Td> Launch failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Failed to orbit; power failure caused by broken connection resulted in premature third stage cutoff </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ranger 7 </Td> <Td> 000000001964 - 07 - 28 - 0000 28 July 1964 </Td> <Td> Atlas LV - 3 Agena - B </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Impactor </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Impacted on 30 July 1964 at 13: 25: 48 UTC </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ranger 8 </Td> <Td> 000000001965 - 02 - 17 - 0000 17 February 1965 </Td> <Td> Atlas LV - 3 Agena - B </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Impactor </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Impacted on 20 February 1965 at 09: 57: 37 UTC </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kosmos 60 (E-6 No. 9) </Td> <Td> 000000001965 - 03 - 12 - 0000 12 March 1965 </Td> <Td> Molniya - L </Td> <Td> Lavochkin </Td> <Td> Lander </Td> <Td> Launch failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Upper stage failed to restart due to guidance system short - circuit . Failed to depart low Earth orbit </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ranger 9 </Td> <Td> 000000001965 - 03 - 21 - 0000 21 March 1965 </Td> <Td> Atlas LV - 3 Agena - B </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Impactor </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Impacted on 24 March 1965 at 14: 08: 20 UTC </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> E-6 No. 8 </Td> <Td> 000000001965 - 04 - 10 - 0000 10 April 1965 </Td> <Td> Molniya - L </Td> <Td> Lavochkin </Td> <Td> Lander </Td> <Td> Launch failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Third stage failed to ignite due to loss of oxidiser pressure, failed to orbit </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Luna 5 (E-6 No. 10) </Td> <Td> 000000001965 - 05 - 09 - 0000 9 May 1965 </Td> <Td> Molniya - M </Td> <Td> Lavochkin </Td> <Td> Lander </Td> <Td> Spacecraft failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Loss of control after gyroscope malfunction, failed to decelerate for landing and impacted the Moon at 19: 10 UTC on 12 May 1965 . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Luna 6 (E-6 No. 7) </Td> <Td> 000000001965 - 06 - 08 - 0000 8 June 1965 </Td> <Td> Molniya - M </Td> <Td> Lavochkin </Td> <Td> Lander </Td> <Td> Spacecraft failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Engine failed to shut down after performing mid-course correction manoeuvre, flew past the Moon in heliocentric orbit . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Zond 3 (3MV - 4 No. 3) </Td> <Td> 000000001965 - 07 - 18 - 0000 18 July 1965 </Td> <Td> Molniya </Td> <Td> Lavochkin </Td> <Td> Flyby </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Flew past the Moon on 20 July 1965 at a distance of 9,200 kilometres (5,700 mi). Conducted technology demonstration for future planetary missions . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Luna 7 (E-6 No. 11) </Td> <Td> 000000001965 - 10 - 04 - 0000 4 October 1965 </Td> <Td> Molniya </Td> <Td> Lavochkin </Td> <Td> Lander </Td> <Td> Spacecraft failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Attitude control failure shortly before landing prevented controlled descent; impacted the lunar surface 22: 08: 24 UTC on 7 October 1965 . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Luna 8 (E-6 No. 12) </Td> <Td> 000000001965 - 12 - 03 - 0000 3 December 1965 </Td> <Td> Molniya </Td> <Td> Lavochkin </Td> <Td> Lander </Td> <Td> Spacecraft failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Landing airbag punctured, resulting in loss of attitude control shortly before planned touchdown, impacted Moon at 21: 51: 30 UTC on 6 December 1965 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Luna 9 (E-6 No. 13) </Td> <Td> 000000001966 - 01 - 31 - 0000 31 January 1966 </Td> <Td> Molniya - M </Td> <Td> Lavochkin </Td> <Td> Lander </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> First spacecraft to land successfully on the Moon; touchdown at 18: 45: 30 UTC on 3 February 1966 . Returned data until 22: 55 UTC on 6 February . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kosmos 111 (E-6S No. 204) </Td> <Td> 000000001966 - 03 - 01 - 0000 1 March 1966 </Td> <Td> Molniya - M </Td> <Td> Lavochkin </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> Launch failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Upper stage lost attitude control and failed to ignite; spacecraft never left low Earth orbit </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Luna 10 (E-6S No. 206) </Td> <Td> 000000001966 - 03 - 31 - 0000 31 March 1966 </Td> <Td> Molniya - M </Td> <Td> Lavochkin </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Entered orbit at 18: 44 UTC on 3 April 1966, becoming the first spacecraft to orbit the Moon . Continued to return data until 30 May . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Surveyor 1 </Td> <Td> 000000001966 - 05 - 30 - 0000 30 May 1966 </Td> <Td> Atlas LV - 3C Centaur - D </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Lander </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Landed in Oceanus Procellarum at 06: 17: 36 UTC on 2 June 1966 . Returned data until loss of power on 13 July . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Explorer 33 (AIMP - D) </Td> <Td> 000000001966 - 07 - 01 - 0000 1 July 1966 </Td> <Td> Delta E1 </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> Launch failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Magnetospheric probe; rocket imparted greater velocity than had been planned, leaving spacecraft unable to enter orbit . Repurposed for Earth orbit mission which was completed successfully . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lunar Orbiter 1 </Td> <Td> 000000001966 - 08 - 10 - 0000 10 August 1966 </Td> <Td> Atlas SLV - 3 Agena - D </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> Partial failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Orbital insertion at around 15: 36 UTC on 14 August . Deorbited early due to lack of fuel and to avoid communications interference with the next mission, impacted the Moon at 13: 30 UTC on 29 October 1966 . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Luna 11 (E-6LF No. 101) </Td> <Td> 000000001966 - 08 - 21 - 0000 21 August 1966 </Td> <Td> Molniya - M </Td> <Td> Lavochkin </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> Partial failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Entered orbit on 28 August 1966 . Failed to return images; other instruments operated correctly . Conducted gamma ray and X-ray observations to study the composition of the Moon, investigated the lunar gravitational field, the presence of meteorites in the lunar environment and the radiation environment at the Moon . Ceased operations on 1 October 1966 after power was depleted . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Surveyor 2 </Td> <Td> 000000001966 - 09 - 20 - 0000 20 September 1966 </Td> <Td> Atlas LV - 3C Centaur - D </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Lander </Td> <Td> Spacecraft failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> One thruster failed to ignite during mid-course correction manoeuvre resulting in loss of control . Impacted the Moon at 03: 18 UTC on 23 September 1966 . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Luna 12 (E-6LF No. 102) </Td> <Td> 000000001966 - 10 - 22 - 0000 22 October 1966 </Td> <Td> Molniya - M </Td> <Td> Lavochkin </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Entered orbit on 25 October 1966 and returned data until 19 January 1967 . Completed photography mission intended for Luna 11 . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lunar Orbiter 2 </Td> <Td> 000000001966 - 11 - 06 - 0000 6 November 1966 </Td> <Td> Atlas SLV - 3 Agena - D </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Entered orbit at about 19: 51 UTC on 10 November 1966 to begin photographic mapping mission . Impacted on the far side of the lunar surface following deorbit burn on 11 October 1967 at end of mission . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Luna 13 (E-6M No. 205) </Td> <Td> 000000001966 - 12 - 21 - 0000 21 December 1966 </Td> <Td> Molniya - M </Td> <Td> Lavochkin </Td> <Td> Lander </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Successfully landed in Oceanus Procellarum at 18: 01 UTC on 24 December 1966 . Returned images from the surface and studied the lunar soil . Operated until depletion of power at 06: 31 UTC on 28 December . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lunar Orbiter 3 </Td> <Td> 000000001967 - 02 - 05 - 0000 5 February 1967 </Td> <Td> Atlas SLV - 3 Agena - D </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Entered orbit at 21: 54 UTC on 8 February 1967 . Deorbited at end of mission and impacted the Moon on 9 October 1967 . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Surveyor 3 </Td> <Td> 000000001967 - 04 - 17 - 0000 17 April 1967 </Td> <Td> Atlas LV - 3C Centaur - D </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Lander </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Landed at 00: 04 UTC on 20 April 1967 and operated until 3 May . Visited by Apollo 12 astronauts in 1969, with some parts removed for return to Earth . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lunar Orbiter 4 </Td> <Td> 000000001967 - 05 - 04 - 0000 4 May 1967 </Td> <Td> Atlas SLV - 3 Agena - D </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Entered orbit at 21: 54 UTC on 8 May 1967, operated until 17 July . Decayed from orbit, with lunar impact occurring on 6 October 1967 . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Surveyor 4 </Td> <Td> 000000001967 - 07 - 14 - 0000 14 July 1967 </Td> <Td> Atlas LV - 3C Centaur - D </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Lander </Td> <Td> Spacecraft failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Contact with spacecraft lost at 02: 03 UTC on 17 July, two and a half minutes before scheduled landing . NASA determined that the spacecraft may have exploded, otherwise it impacted the Moon . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Explorer 35 (AIMP - E) </Td> <Td> 000000001967 - 07 - 19 - 0000 19 July 1967 </Td> <Td> Delta E1 </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Magnetospheric probe, studying the Moon and interplanetary space . Deactivated on 27 June 1973 . Presumed to have impacted the Moon during the 1970s . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lunar Orbiter 5 </Td> <Td> 000000001967 - 08 - 01 - 0000 1 August 1967 </Td> <Td> Atlas SLV - 3 Agena - D </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Final mission in the Lunar Orbiter series, entered selenocentric orbit on 5 August at 16: 48 UTC and conducted a photographic survey until 18 August . Deorbited and impacted the Moon on 31 January 1968 . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Surveyor 5 </Td> <Td> 000000001967 - 09 - 08 - 0000 8 September 1967 </Td> <Td> Atlas SLV - 3C Centaur - D </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Lander </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Landed in Mare Tranquillitatis at 00: 46: 44 UTC on 11 September . Last signals received at 04: 30 UTC on 17 December 1967 . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7K - L1 No. 4L </Td> <Td> 000000001967 - 09 - 27 - 0000 27 September 1967 </Td> <Td> Proton - K / D </Td> <Td> Lavochkin </Td> <Td> Flyby </Td> <Td> Launch failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Technology demonstration for planned manned missions . Failed to reach orbit after a blocked propellant line caused one of the first stage engines not to ignite . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Surveyor 6 </Td> <Td> 000000001967 - 11 - 07 - 0000 7 November 1967 </Td> <Td> Atlas SLV - 3C Centaur - D </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Lander </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Landed in Sinus Medii at 01: 01: 04 UTC on 10 November . Made brief flight from lunar surface at 10: 32 UTC on 17 November, followed by second landing after travelling 2.4 metres (7 ft 10 in). Last contact at 19: 14 UTC on 14 December . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7K - L1 No. 5L </Td> <Td> 000000001967 - 11 - 22 - 0000 22 November 1967 </Td> <Td> Proton - K / D </Td> <Td> Lavochkin </Td> <Td> Flyby </Td> <Td> Launch failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Technology demonstration for planned manned missions; unable to achieve orbit after second stage engine failed to ignite . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Surveyor 7 </Td> <Td> 000000001968 - 01 - 07 - 0000 7 January 1968 </Td> <Td> Atlas SLV - 3C Centaur - D </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Lander </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Final Surveyor mission . Landed 29 kilometres (18 mi) from Tycho crater at 01: 05: 36 UTC on 10 January . Operated until 21 February 1968 . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> E-6LS No. 112 </Td> <Td> 000000001968 - 02 - 07 - 0000 7 February 1968 </Td> <Td> Molniya - M </Td> <Td> Lavochkin </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> Launch failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Failed to orbit after third stage ran out of fuel . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Luna 14 (E-6LS No. 113) </Td> <Td> 000000001968 - 04 - 07 - 0000 7 April 1968 </Td> <Td> Molniya - M </Td> <Td> Lavochkin </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Tested communications for proposed manned missions and studied the mass concentration of the Moon . Entered orbit on 10 April at 19: 25 UTC . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7K - L1 No. 7L </Td> <Td> 000000001968 - 04 - 22 - 0000 22 April 1968 </Td> <Td> Proton - K / D </Td> <Td> Lavochkin </Td> <Td> Flyby </Td> <Td> Launch failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Technology demonstration for planned manned missions . Failed to orbit after second stage engine incorrectly commanded to shut down; although spacecraft was recovered using its prototype launch escape system . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Zond 5 (7K - L1 No. 9L) </Td> <Td> 000000001968 - 09 - 14 - 0000 14 September 1968 </Td> <Td> Proton - K / D </Td> <Td> Lavochkin </Td> <Td> Flyby, circled </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Two tortoises and other life forms on board a technology demonstration for planned manned missions . Made a closest approach of 1,850 kilometres (1,150 mi) on 18 September, and circled the moon before returning to Earth . Landed in the Indian Ocean on 21 September at 16: 08 UTC, becoming first Lunar spacecraft to be recovered successfully and carried the first Earth life to travel to and around the moon . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Zond 6 (7K - L1 No. 12L) </Td> <Td> 000000001968 - 11 - 10 - 0000 10 November 1968 </Td> <Td> Proton - K / D </Td> <Td> Lavochkin </Td> <Td> Flyby </Td> <Td> Spacecraft failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Technology demonstration for planned manned missions . Flyby occurred on 14 November, with a closest approach of 2,420 kilometres (1,500 mi). Reentered Earth's atmosphere on 17 November however recovery was unsuccessful after parachutes were prematurely jettisoned . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Apollo 8 </Td> <Td> 000000001968 - 12 - 21 - 0000 21 December 1968 </Td> <Td> Saturn V </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Manned orbiter </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> First manned mission to the Moon; entered orbit around the Moon with four - minute burn beginning at 09: 59: 52 UTC on 24 December . Completed ten orbits of the Moon before returning to Earth with an engine burn at 06: 10: 16 UTC on 25 December . Landed in the Pacific Ocean at 15: 51 UTC on 27 December . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7K - L1 No. 13L </Td> <Td> 000000001969 - 01 - 20 - 0000 20 January 1969 </Td> <Td> Proton - K / D </Td> <Td> Lavochkin </Td> <Td> Flyby </Td> <Td> Launch failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Technology demonstration for planned manned missions . Failed to orbit after one of the four second stage engines shut down prematurely . Third stage engine also shut down prematurely . The spacecraft was recovered using its launch escape system . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> E-8 No. 201 </Td> <Td> 000000001969 - 02 - 19 - 0000 19 February 1969 </Td> <Td> Proton - K / D </Td> <Td> Lavochkin </Td> <Td> Lander / rover </Td> <Td> Launch failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> First launch of the Lunokhod rover . Launch vehicle disintegrated 51 seconds after launch and exploded . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7K - L1S No. 3 </Td> <Td> 000000001969 - 02 - 21 - 0000 21 February 1969 </Td> <Td> N1 </Td> <Td> OKB - 1 </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> Launch failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> First launch of N1 rocket; intended to orbit the Moon and return to Earth . First stage prematurely shut down 70 seconds after launch; launch vehicle crashed 50 kilometres (31 mi) from launch site . Spacecraft landed some 35 kilometres (22 mi) from the launch pad after successfully using its launch escape system . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Apollo 10 </Td> <Td> 000000001969 - 05 - 18 - 0000 18 May 1969 </Td> <Td> Saturn V </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Manned orbiter </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Dress rehearsal for Apollo 11 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> E-8 - 5 No. 402 </Td> <Td> 000000001969 - 06 - 14 - 0000 14 June 1969 </Td> <Td> Proton - K / D </Td> <Td> Lavochkin </Td> <Td> Sample return </Td> <Td> Launch failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Intended to land on the Moon and return lunar soil sample . Did not reach Earth orbit after fourth stage failed to ignite . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7K - L1S No. 5 </Td> <Td> 000000001969 - 07 - 03 - 0000 3 July 1969 </Td> <Td> N1 </Td> <Td> OKB - 1 </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> Launch failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Intended to orbit the Moon and return to Earth . All first stage engines shut down 10 seconds after launch; launch vehicle crashed and exploded on the launch pad . Spacecraft landed safely 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) from the launch site after using launch escape sequence . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Luna 15 (E-8 - 5 No. 401) </Td> <Td> 000000001969 - 07 - 13 - 0000 13 July 1969 </Td> <Td> Proton - K / D </Td> <Td> Lavochkin </Td> <Td> Sample return </Td> <Td> Spacecraft failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Reached lunar orbit at 10: 00 UTC on 17 July . Descent retro - rocket burn started at 15: 47 UTC on 21 July . Contact lost 3 minutes after de-orbit burn; probably crashed on the Moon . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Apollo 11 </Td> <Td> 000000001969 - 07 - 16 - 0000 16 July 1969 </Td> <Td> Saturn V </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Manned orbiter / lander </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> First manned landing on the Moon . LM landed at 20: 17 UTC on 20 July 1969 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Zond 7 (7K - L1 No. 11L) </Td> <Td> 000000001969 - 08 - 07 - 0000 7 August 1969 </Td> <Td> Proton - K / D </Td> <Td> Lavochkin </Td> <Td> Flyby </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Technology demonstration for planned manned missions . Lunar flyby on 10 August, with a closest approach of 1,200 kilometres (750 mi); returned to Earth and landed in Kazakhstan at 18: 13 UTC on 14 August . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kosmos 300 (E-8 - 5 No. 403) </Td> <Td> 000000001969 - 09 - 23 - 0000 23 September 1969 </Td> <Td> Proton - K / D </Td> <Td> Lavochkin </Td> <Td> Sample return </Td> <Td> Launch failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Third attempt at lunar sample return . After reaching low Earth orbit, the fourth stage engine failed to fire for trans - lunar injection due to oxidiser leak . Spacecraft re-entered Earth's atmosphere about 4 days after launch . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kosmos 305 (E-8 - 5 No. 404) </Td> <Td> 000000001969 - 10 - 22 - 0000 22 October 1969 </Td> <Td> Proton - K / D </Td> <Td> Lavochkin </Td> <Td> Sample return </Td> <Td> Launch failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Fourth attempt at lunar sample return . After reaching low Earth orbit, the fourth stage engine failed to fire for trans - lunar injection due to control system malfunction . Spacecraft re-entered Earth's atmosphere within one orbit after launch . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Apollo 12 </Td> <Td> 000000001969 - 11 - 14 - 0000 14 November 1969 </Td> <Td> Saturn V </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Manned orbiter / lander </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> E-8 - 5 No. 405 </Td> <Td> 000000001970 - 02 - 06 - 0000 6 February 1970 </Td> <Td> Proton - K / D </Td> <Td> Lavochkin </Td> <Td> Sample return </Td> <Td> Launch failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Failed to orbit </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Apollo 13 </Td> <Td> 000000001970 - 04 - 11 - 0000 11 April 1970 </Td> <Td> Saturn V </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Manned orbiter / lander </Td> <Td> Spacecraft failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Mission aborted following oxygen tank explosion, flew past the Moon without entering orbit and returned to Earth </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Luna 16 (E-8 - 5 No. 406) </Td> <Td> 000000001970 - 09 - 12 - 0000 12 September 1970 </Td> <Td> Proton - K / D </Td> <Td> Lavochkin </Td> <Td> Sample return </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Zond 8 (7K - L1 No. 14L) </Td> <Td> 000000001970 - 10 - 20 - 0000 20 October 1970 </Td> <Td> Proton - K / D </Td> <Td> Lavochkin </Td> <Td> Flyby </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Technology demonstration for planned manned missions; returned to Earth successfully </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Luna 17 (E-8 No. 203) </Td> <Td> 000000001970 - 11 - 10 - 0000 10 November 1970 </Td> <Td> Proton - K / D </Td> <Td> Lavochkin </Td> <Td> Lander / rover </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Deployed Lunokhod 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Apollo 14 </Td> <Td> 000000001971 - 01 - 31 - 0000 31 January 1971 </Td> <Td> Saturn V </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Manned Orbiter / Lander </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Apollo 15 </Td> <Td> 000000001971 - 07 - 26 - 0000 26 July 1971 </Td> <Td> Saturn V </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Manned orbiter / lander / rover </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> PFS - 1 </Td> <Td> 000000001971 - 07 - 26 - 0000 26 July 1971 </Td> <Td> Saturn V </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Deployed from Apollo 15 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Luna 18 (E-8 - 5 No. 407) </Td> <Td> 000000001971 - 09 - 02 - 0000 2 September 1971 </Td> <Td> Proton - K / D </Td> <Td> Lavochkin </Td> <Td> Sample return </Td> <Td> Spacecraft failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Failed during descent to lunar surface </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Luna 19 (E-8LS No. 202) </Td> <Td> 000000001971 - 09 - 28 - 0000 28 September 1971 </Td> <Td> Proton - K / D </Td> <Td> Lavochkin </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Luna 20 (E-8 - 5 No. 408) </Td> <Td> 000000001972 - 02 - 14 - 0000 14 February 1972 </Td> <Td> Proton - K / D </Td> <Td> Lavochkin </Td> <Td> Sample return </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Apollo 16 </Td> <Td> 000000001972 - 04 - 16 - 0000 16 April 1972 </Td> <Td> Saturn V </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Manned orbiter / lander / rover </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> PFS - 2 </Td> <Td> 000000001972 - 04 - 16 - 0000 16 April 1972 </Td> <Td> Saturn V </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Deployed from Apollo 16 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7K - LOK No. 1 </Td> <Td> 000000001972 - 07 - 03 - 0000 3 July 1972 </Td> <Td> N1 </Td> <Td> OKB - 1 </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> Launch failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Failed to orbit; intended to orbit the Moon and return to Earth </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Apollo 17 </Td> <Td> 000000001972 - 12 - 07 - 0000 7 December 1972 </Td> <Td> Saturn V </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Manned orbiter / lander / rover </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Last manned Moon landing </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Luna 21 (E-8 No. 204) </Td> <Td> 000000001973 - 01 - 08 - 0000 8 January 1973 </Td> <Td> Proton - K / D </Td> <Td> Lavochkin </Td> <Td> Lander / rover </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Deployed Lunokhod 2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Explorer 49 (RAE - B) </Td> <Td> 000000001973 - 06 - 10 - 0000 10 June 1973 </Td> <Td> Delta 1913 </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Radio astronomy spacecraft, operated in selenocentric orbit to avoid interference from terrestrial radio sources </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mariner 10 (RAE - B) </Td> <Td> 000000001973 - 11 - 03 - 0000 3 November 1973 </Td> <Td> Delta 1913 </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Flyby </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Interplanetary spacecraft, mapped lunar north pole to test cameras . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Luna 22 (E-8LS No. 206) </Td> <Td> 000000001974 - 05 - 29 - 0000 29 May 1974 </Td> <Td> Proton - K / D </Td> <Td> Lavochkin </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Luna 23 (E-8 - 5M No. 410) </Td> <Td> 000000001974 - 10 - 28 - 0000 28 October 1974 </Td> <Td> Proton - K / D </Td> <Td> Lavochkin </Td> <Td> Sample return </Td> <Td> Spacecraft failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Tipped over upon landing </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> E-8 - 5M No. 412 </Td> <Td> 000000001975 - 10 - 16 - 0000 16 October 1975 </Td> <Td> Proton - K / D </Td> <Td> Lavochkin </Td> <Td> Sample return </Td> <Td> Launch failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Failed to orbit </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Luna 24 (E-8 - 5M No. 413) </Td> <Td> 000000001976 - 08 - 09 - 0000 9 August 1976 </Td> <Td> Proton - K / D </Td> <Td> Lavochkin </Td> <Td> Sample return </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Final mission of the Luna programme . Entered orbit on 11 August 1976 and landed in Mare Crisium at 16: 36 UTC on 18 August . Sample capsule launched at 05: 25 UTC on 19 August and recovered ​ 96 ⁄ hours later . Returned 170.1 grams (6.00 oz) of lunar regolith . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ISEE - 3 (ICE / Explorer 59) </Td> <Td> 000000001978 - 08 - 12 - 0000 12 August 1978 </Td> <Td> Delta 2914 </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Gravity assist </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Five flybys in 1982 and 1983 en route to comet 21P / Giacobini--Zinner </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Hiten (MUSES - A) </Td> <Td> 000000001990 - 01 - 24 - 0000 24 January 1990 </Td> <Td> Mu - 3S - II </Td> <Td> ISAS </Td> <Td> Flyby / Orbiter </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Designed for flyby, placed into selenocentric orbit during extended mission after failure of Hagoromo </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Hagoromo </Td> <Td> 000000001990 - 01 - 24 - 0000 24 January 1990 </Td> <Td> Mu - 3S - II </Td> <Td> ISAS </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> Spacecraft failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Deployed from Hiten . Communications failure; entered selenocentric orbit but returned no data </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Geotail </Td> <Td> 000000001992 - 07 - 24 - 0000 24 July 1992 </Td> <Td> Delta II 6925 </Td> <Td> ISAS / NASA </Td> <Td> Gravity assist </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Series of flybys to regulate high Earth orbit </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> WIND </Td> <Td> 000000001994 - 11 - 01 - 0000 1 November 1994 </Td> <Td> Delta II 7925 - 10 </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Gravity assist </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Made two flybys on 1 December 1994 and 27 December 1994 to reach the Earth--Sun L1 Lagrangian point </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Clementine (DSPSE) </Td> <Td> 000000001994 - 01 - 25 - 0000 25 January 1994 </Td> <Td> Titan II (23) G Star - 37FM </Td> <Td> USAF / NASA </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Completed Lunar objectives successfully; failed following departure from selenocentric orbit </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> HGS - 1 </Td> <Td> 000000001997 - 12 - 24 - 0000 24 December 1997 </Td> <Td> Proton - K / DM3 </Td> <Td> Hughes </Td> <Td> Gravity assist </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Communications satellite; made two flybys in May and June 1998 en route to geosynchronous orbit after delivery into wrong orbit </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lunar Prospector (Discovery 3) </Td> <Td> 000000001998 - 01 - 07 - 0000 7 January 1998 </Td> <Td> Athena II </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Nozomi (PLANET - B) </Td> <Td> 000000001998 - 07 - 03 - 0000 3 July 1998 </Td> <Td> Mu - 5M-V </Td> <Td> ISAS </Td> <Td> Gravity assist </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Two flybys en route to Mars </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> WMAP </Td> <Td> 000000002001 - 06 - 30 - 0000 30 June 2001 </Td> <Td> Delta II 7425 - 10 </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Gravity assist </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Flyby on 30 July 2001 to reach the Earth--Sun L2 Lagrangian point </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> SMART - 1 </Td> <Td> 000000002003 - 09 - 27 - 0000 27 September 2003 </Td> <Td> Ariane 5G </Td> <Td> ESA </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Impacted moon in LQ26 quadrangle at end of mission on 3 September 2006 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> STEREO A </Td> <Td> 000000002006 - 10 - 25 - 0000 25 October 2006 </Td> <Td> Delta II 7925 - 10L </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Gravity assist </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Flyby on 15 December 2006 to enter a heliocentric orbit </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> STEREO B </Td> <Td> 000000002006 - 10 - 25 - 0000 25 October 2006 </Td> <Td> Delta II 7925 - 10L </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Gravity assist </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Made two flybys on 15 December 2006 and 21 January 2007 to enter a heliocentric orbit </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ARTEMIS P1 </Td> <Td> 000000002007 - 02 - 17 - 0000 17 February 2007 </Td> <Td> Delta II 7925 </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> Operational </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> THEMIS spacecraft moved to selenocentric orbit for extended mission; entered orbit July 2011 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ARTEMIS P2 </Td> <Td> 000000002007 - 02 - 17 - 0000 17 February 2007 </Td> <Td> Delta II 7925 </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> Operational </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> THEMIS spacecraft moved to selenocentric orbit for extended mission; entered orbit July 2011 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kaguya (SELENE) </Td> <Td> 000000002007 - 09 - 14 - 0000 14 September 2007 </Td> <Td> H - IIA 2022 </Td> <Td> JAXA </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Impacted the Moon in LQ30 quadrangle at end of mission on 10 June 2009 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Okina (RSAT) </Td> <Td> 000000002007 - 09 - 14 - 0000 14 September 2007 </Td> <Td> H - IIA 2022 </Td> <Td> JAXA </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Deployed from Kaguya, decayed and impacted moon in LQ08 quadrangle on 12 February 2009 after end of mission </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ouna (VRAD) </Td> <Td> 000000002007 - 09 - 14 - 0000 14 September 2007 </Td> <Td> H - IIA 2022 </Td> <Td> JAXA </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Deployed from Kaguya, completed operations on 29 June 2009 but remains in selenocentric orbit </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chang'e 1 </Td> <Td> 000000002007 - 10 - 24 - 0000 24 October 2007 </Td> <Td> Chang Zheng 3A </Td> <Td> CNSA </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Impacted moon in LQ21 quadrangle on 1 March 2009, at end of mission </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chandrayaan - 1 </Td> <Td> 000000002008 - 10 - 21 - 0000 21 October 2008 </Td> <Td> PSLV - XL </Td> <Td> ISRO </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Succeced through mission, terminated the mission in 2009, remains in selenocentric orbit; discovered water on Moon </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Moon Impact Probe </Td> <Td> 000000002008 - 10 - 21 - 0000 21 October 2008 </Td> <Td> PSLV - XL </Td> <Td> ISRO </Td> <Td> Impactor </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Deployed from Chandrayaan - 1, impacted Moon in LQ30 quadrangle on 14 November 2008 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> LRO </Td> <Td> 000000002009 - 06 - 18 - 0000 18 June 2009 </Td> <Td> Atlas V 401 </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> Operational </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> LCROSS </Td> <Td> 000000002009 - 06 - 18 - 0000 18 June 2009 </Td> <Td> Atlas V 401 </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Impactor </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Observed impact of Centaur upper stage that launched it and LRO, then impacted itself . Impacts in LQ30 quadrangle </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chang'e 2 </Td> <Td> 000000002010 - 10 - 01 - 0000 1 October 2010 </Td> <Td> Chang Zheng 3C </Td> <Td> CNSA </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Following completion of six month Lunar mission, departed selenocentric orbit for Earth--Sun L2 Lagrangian point; subsequently flew by asteroid 4179 Toutatis </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ebb (GRAIL - A) </Td> <Td> 000000002011 - 09 - 10 - 0000 10 September 2011 </Td> <Td> Delta II 7920H </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Part of the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory, impacted the Moon in LQ01 quadrangle on 17 December 2012 at end of mission . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Flow (GRAIL - B) </Td> <Td> 000000002011 - 09 - 10 - 0000 10 September 2011 </Td> <Td> Delta II 7920H </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Part of the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory, impacted the Moon in LQ01 quadrangle on 17 December 2012 at end of mission . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> LADEE </Td> <Td> 000000002013 - 09 - 07 - 0000 7 September 2013 </Td> <Td> Minotaur V </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Mission ended on 18 April 2014, when the spacecraft's controllers intentionally crashed LADEE into the far side of the Moon </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chang'e 3 </Td> <Td> 000000002013 - 12 - 01 - 0000 1 December 2013 </Td> <Td> Chang Zheng 3B </Td> <Td> CNSA </Td> <Td> Lander / rover </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Entered orbit on 6 December 2013 with landing at 13: 12 UTC on 14 December . Deployed Yutu rover, which landed on the Moon . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chang'e 5 - T1 </Td> <Td> 000000002014 - 10 - 23 - 0000 23 October 2014 </Td> <Td> Chang Zheng 3C </Td> <Td> CNSA </Td> <Td> Flyby </Td> <Td> Operational </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Demonstration of re-entry capsule for Chang'e 5 sample - return mission at lunar return velocity . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 4M </Td> <Td> 000000002014 - 10 - 23 - 0000 23 October 2014 </Td> <Td> Chang Zheng 3C </Td> <Td> LuxSpace </Td> <Td> Flyby </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Attached to third stage of CZ - 3C used to launch Chang'e 5 - T1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> TESS </Td> <Td> 000000002018 - 04 - 18 - 0000 18 April 2018 </Td> <Td> Falcon 9 Full Thrust </Td> <Td> NASA </Td> <Td> Gravity assist </Td> <Td> Success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="5"> Flyby on 17 May 2018 to regulate high Earth orbit </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Th> Spacecraft </Th> <Th> Launch Date </Th> <Th> Carrier rocket </Th> <Th> Operator </Th> <Th> Mission </Th> <Th> Outcome </Th> </Tr>

List of countries that have walked on the moon
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