<Li> 2014--15 </Li> <Li> 2016--present confrontation </Li> <P> The Indo - Pakistani War of 1965 was a culmination of skirmishes that took place between April 1965 and September 1965 between Pakistan and India . The conflict began following Pakistan's Operation Gibraltar, which was designed to infiltrate forces into Jammu and Kashmir to precipitate an insurgency against Indian rule . India retaliated by launching a full - scale military attack on West Pakistan . The seventeen - day war caused thousands of casualties on both sides and witnessed the largest engagement of armored vehicles and the largest tank battle since World War II . Hostilities between the two countries ended after a United Nations - mandated ceasefire was declared following diplomatic intervention by the Soviet Union and the United States, and the subsequent issuance of the Tashkent Declaration . Much of the war was fought by the countries' land forces in Kashmir and along the border between India and Pakistan . This war saw the largest amassing of troops in Kashmir since the Partition of British India in 1947, a number that was overshadowed only during the 2001--2002 military standoff between India and Pakistan . Most of the battles were fought by opposing infantry and armoured units, with substantial backing from air forces, and naval operations . The war exposed Pakistan's inadequate standards of military training, its misguided selection of officers, poor command and control arrangements, poor intelligence gathering and bad intelligence procedures . In spite of these shortcomings, the Pakistan Army managed to fight the larger Indian Army . Many details of this war, like those of other Indo - Pakistani Wars, remain unclear . </P> <P> Despite the cease - fire rendering the conflict militarily inconclusive, both India and Pakistan claimed victory . Most neutral assessments, however, agree that India had the upper hand over Pakistan when the ceasefire was declared . Though officially deemed to be militarily inconclusive, the conflict is widely seen as a strategic and political defeat for Pakistan, as it had neither succeeded in fomenting insurrection in Kashmir nor had it been able to gain meaningful support at an international level . </P>

Why did the indo-pakistani war of 1965 start
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