<P> The fledgling group struggled for a time with limited resources and internal conflict, and disbanded in 1910 . Seven of the members of the Niagara Movement joined the Board of Directors of the NAACP, founded in 1909 . Although both organizations shared membership and overlapped for a time, the Niagara Movement was a separate organization . Historically, it is considered to have had a more radical platform than the NAACP . The Niagara Movement was formed exclusively by African Americans . Three European Americans were among the founders of the NAACP . </P> <P> The Race Riot of 1908 in Springfield, Illinois, the state capital and President Abraham Lincoln's hometown, was a catalyst showing the urgent need for an effective civil rights organization in the U.S. In the decades around the turn of the century, the rate of lynchings of blacks, particularly men, was at a high . Mary White Ovington, journalist William English Walling and Henry Moskowitz met in New York City in January 1909 to work on organizing for black civil rights . They sent out solicitations for support to more than 60 prominent Americans, and set a meeting date for February 12, 1909 . This was intended to coincide with the 100th anniversary of the birth of President Abraham Lincoln, who emancipated enslaved African Americans . While the first large meeting did not take place until three months later, the February date is often cited as the founding date of the organization . </P> <P> The NAACP was founded on February 12, 1909, by a larger group including African Americans W.E.B. Du Bois, Ida B. Wells, Archibald Grimké, Mary Church Terrell, and the previously named whites Henry Moskowitz, Mary White Ovington, William English Walling (the wealthy Socialist son of a former slave - holding family), Florence Kelley, a social reformer and friend of Du Bois; Oswald Garrison Villard, and Charles Edward Russell, a renowned muckraker and close friend of Walling . Russell helped plan the NAACP and had served as acting chairman of the National Negro Committee (1909), a forerunner to the NAACP . </P> <P> On May 30, 1909, the Niagara Movement conference took place at New York City's Henry Street Settlement House; they created an organization of more than 40, identifying as the National Negro Committee . Among other founding members was Lillian Wald, a nurse who had founded the Henry Street Settlement where the conference took place . </P>

When was the naacp established and by whom
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