<P> The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) cleared the da Vinci Surgical System in 2000 for adult and pediatric use in urologic surgical procedures, general laparoscopic surgical procedures, gynecologic laparoscopic surgical procedures, general non-cardiovascular thoracoscopic surgical procedures and thoracoscopically assisted cardiotomy procedures . The FDA also cleared the da Vinci System to be employed with adjunctive mediastinotomy to perform coronary anastomosis during cardiac revascularization . </P> <P> The da Vinci System has been successfully used in the following procedures: </P> <Ul> <Li> Radical prostatectomy, pyeloplasty, cystectomy, nephrectomy and ureteral reimplantation; </Li> <Li> Hysterectomy, myomectomy and sacrocolpopexy; </Li> <Li> Hiatal hernia repair; </Li> <Li> Spleen - sparing distal pancreatectomy, cholecystectomy, Nissen fundoplication, Heller myotomy, gastric bypass, donor nephrectomy, adrenalectomy, splenectomy and bowel resection; </Li> <Li> Internal mammary artery mobilization and cardiac tissue ablation; </Li> <Li> Mitral valve repair and endoscopic atrial septal defect closure; </Li> <Li> Mammary to left anterior descending coronary artery anastomosis for cardiac revascularization with adjunctive mediastinotomy; </Li> <Li> Transoral resection of tumors of the upper aerodigestive tract (tonsil, tongue base, larynx) and transaxillary thyroidectomy </Li> <Li> Resection of spindle cell tumors originating in the lung </Li> </Ul> <Li> Radical prostatectomy, pyeloplasty, cystectomy, nephrectomy and ureteral reimplantation; </Li>

Where is the da vinci surgical system used
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