<Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <P> In South Africa, pass laws were a form of internal passport system designed to segregate the population, manage urbanisation, and allocate migrant labour . Also known as the natives law, pass laws severely limited the movements of not only black African citizens, but other people as well by requiring them to carry pass books when outside their homelands or designated areas . Before the 1950s, this legislation largely applied to African men, and attempts to apply it to women in the 1910s and 1950s were met with significant protests . Pass laws would be one of the dominant features of the country's apartheid system, until it was effectively ended in 1986 . </P> <P> The first internal passports in South Africa were introduced on 27 June 1797 by the Earl Macartney in an attempt to prevent natives from entering the Cape Colony . The Cape Colony was merged with other states in the region to form the Union of South Africa in 1910, under the UK . By this time, versions of pass laws existed elsewhere . A major boost for their utilisation was the rise of the mining sector from the 1880s: pass laws provided a convenient means of controlling workers' mobility and enforcing contracts . </P> <P> In 1896 the South African Republic brought in two pass laws which required Africans to carry a metal badge . Only those employed by a master were permitted to remain on the Rand . Those entering a "labour district" needed a special pass which entitled them to remain for three days . </P>

Who came up with the pass laws and when