<P> In the pre-reform period, industry was largely stagnant and the socialist system presented few incentives for improvements in quality and productivity . With the introduction of the dual - price system and greater autonomy for enterprise managers, productivity increased greatly in the early 1980s . Foreign enterprises and newly formed Township and Village Enterprises, owned by local government and often de facto private firms, competed successfully with state - owned enterprises . By the 1990s, large - scale privatizations reduced the market share of both the Township and Village Enterprises and state - owned enterprises and increased the private sector's market share . The state sector's share of industrial output dropped from 81% in 1980 to 15% in 2005 . Foreign capital controls much of Chinese industry and plays an important role . </P> <P> From virtually an industrial backwater in 1978, China is now the world's biggest producer of concrete, steel, ships and textiles, and has the world's largest automobile market . Chinese steel output quadrupled between 1980 and 2000, and from 2000 to 2006 rose from 128.5 million tons to 418.8 million tons, one - third of global production . Labor productivity at some Chinese steel firms exceeds Western productivity . From 1975 to 1992, China's automobile production rose from 139,800 to 1.1 million, rising to 9.35 million in 2008 . Light industries such as textiles saw an even greater increase, due to reduced government interference . Chinese textile exports increased from 4.6% of world exports in 1980 to 24.1% in 2005 . Textile output increased 18-fold over the same period . </P> <P> This increase in production is largely the result of the removal of barriers to entry and increased competition; the number of industrial firms rose from 377,300 in 1980 to nearly 8 million in 1990 and 1996; the 2004 economic census, which excluded enterprises with annual sales below RMB 5 million, counted 1.33 million manufacturing firms, with Jiangsu and Zhejiang reporting more firms than the nationwide total for 1980 . Compared to other East Asian industrial growth spurts, China's industrial performance exceeded Japan's but remained behind South Korea and Taiwan's economies . </P> <P> Scholars find that China has attained a degree of openness that is unprecedented among large and populous nations, with competition from foreign goods in almost every sector of the economy . Foreign investment helped to greatly increase quality, knowledge and standards, especially in heavy industry . China's experience supports the assertion that globalization greatly increases wealth for poor countries . Throughout the reform period, the government reduced tariffs and other trade barriers, with the overall tariff rate falling from 56% to 15% . By 2001, less than 40% of imports were subject to tariffs and only 9 percent of import were subject to licensing and import quotas . Even during the early reform era, protectionist policies were often circumvented by smuggling . When China joined the WTO, it agreed to considerably harsher conditions than other developing countries . Trade has increased from under 10% of GDP to 64% of GDP over the same period . China is considered the most open large country; By 2005, China's average statutory tariff on industrial products was 8.9 percent . For Argentina, Brazil, India, and Indonesia, the respective percentage figures are 30.9, 27.0, 32.4, and 36.9 percent . </P>

Explain any four economic policies adopted by china for fast growth of development