<P> The term articles of association of a company, or articles of incorporation, of an American or Canadian Company, are often simply referred to as articles (and are often capitalized as an abbreviation for the full term). The Articles are a requirement for the establishment of a company under the law of India, the United Kingdom, Nigeria, Pakistan and many other countries . Together with the memorandum of association, they are the constitution of a company . The equivalent term for LLC is Articles of Organization . Roughly equivalent terms operate in other countries, such as Gesellschaftsvertrag in Germany, statuts in France, statut in Poland, Ukrainian: статут (Latin: statut) in Ukraine, Jeong - gwan in South Korea . </P> <P> In South Africa, from the new Companies Act 2008 which commenced in 2011, articles and memoranda of association have been replaced by a "memorandum of incorporation" or "MOI". The MOI gives considerably more scope to vary how to the company is governed than the previous arrangement . </P> <P> The following is largely based on British Company Law, references which are made at the end of this Article . </P> <P> The Articles can cover a medley of topics, not all of which is required in a country's law . Although all terms are not discussed, they may cover: </P>

Memorandum and articles of association certificate of incorporation