<P> Openness to experience, like the other traits in the five factor model, is believed to have a genetic component . Identical twins (who have the same DNA) show similar scores on openness to experience, even when they have been adopted into different families and raised in very different environments . One genetic study with 86 subjects found Openness to experience related to the 5 - HTTLPR polymorphism associated with the serotonin transporter gene . </P> <P> Higher levels of openness have been linked to activity in the ascending dopaminergic system and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex . Openness is the only personality trait that correlates with neuropsychological tests of dorsolateral prefrontal cortical function, supporting theoretical links among openness, cognitive functioning, and IQ . </P> <P> An Italian study found that people who lived on Tyrrhenian islands tended to be less open to experience than those living on the nearby mainland, and that people whose ancestors had inhabited the islands for twenty generations tended to be less open to experience than more recent arrivals . Additionally, people who emigrated from the islands to the mainland tended to be more open to experience than people who stayed on the islands, and than those who immigrated to the islands . </P> <P> People living in the eastern and western parts of the United States tend to score higher on openness to experience than those living in the midwest and the south . The highest average scores on openness are found in the states of New York, Oregon, Massachusetts, Washington, and California . Lowest average scores come from North Dakota, Wyoming, Alaska, Alabama, and Wisconsin . </P>

Critically evaluate why a culture of openness is necessary to manage illnesses