<Li> The voices of the majority are accepted, provided it does not violate the teachings of the Quran or Sunnah . </Li> <P> Muhammad himself respected the decision of the shura members . He is the champion of the notion of al - Shura, and this was illustrated in one of the many historical events, such as in the Battle of Khandaq (Battle of the Trench), where Muhammad was faced with two decisions, i.e. to fight the invading non-Muslim Arab armies outside of Medina or wait until they enter the city . After consultation with the sahabah (companions), it was suggested by Salman al - Farsi that it would be better if the Muslims fought the non-Muslim Arabs within Medina by building a big ditch on the northern periphery of Medina to prevent the enemies from entering Medina . This idea was later supported by the majority of the sahabah, and thereafter Muhammad also approved it . </P> <P> The reason why Muhammad placed great emphasis on the agreement of the decision of the shura was because the majority of opinion (by the sahabah) is better than the decision made by one individual . </P> <P> The Ottoman Sultan, Selim I (1512--1520) reclaimed the title of caliph, which had been in dispute and asserted by a diversity of rulers and "shadow caliphs" in the centuries of the Abbasid - Mamluk Caliphate since the Mongols' sacking of Baghdad and the killing of the last Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad, Iraq 1258 . </P>

What is the term used to describe the attempt to establish the islamic ideals in all of society