<P> At the Cannes Film Festival in May 2008, Jolie confirmed that she was expecting twins . For the two weeks she spent in a seaside hospital in Nice, France, reporters and photographers camped outside on the promenade . She gave birth to a son, Knox Léon, and a daughter, Vivienne Marcheline, on July 12, 2008 . The first pictures of Knox and Vivienne were jointly sold to People and Hello! for a reported $14 million--the most expensive celebrity photographs ever taken . All proceeds were donated to the Jolie - Pitt Foundation . </P> <P> On February 16, 2013, at age 37, Jolie underwent a preventive double mastectomy after learning she had an 87% risk of developing breast cancer due to a defective BRCA1 gene . Her maternal family history warranted genetic testing for BRCA mutations: her mother, actress Marcheline Bertrand, had breast cancer and died from ovarian cancer, while her grandmother died from ovarian cancer . Her aunt, who had the same BRCA1 defect, died from breast cancer three months after Jolie's operation . Following the mastectomy, which lowered her chances of developing breast cancer to under 5 percent, Jolie had reconstructive surgery involving implants and allografts . Two years later, in March 2015, after annual test results indicated possible signs of early ovarian cancer, she underwent a preventive oophorectomy, as she had a 50% risk of developing ovarian cancer due to the same genetic anomaly . Despite hormone replacement therapy, the surgery brought on premature menopause . </P> <P> After completing each operation, Jolie discussed her mastectomy and oophorectomy in op - eds published by The New York Times, with the aim of helping other women make informed health choices . She detailed her diagnosis, surgeries, and personal experiences, and described her decision to undergo preventive surgery as a proactive measure for the sake of her six children . Jolie further wrote, "On a personal note, I do not feel any less of a woman . I feel empowered that I made a strong choice that in no way diminishes my femininity ." </P> <P> Jolie's announcement of her mastectomy attracted widespread publicity and discussion on BRCA mutations and genetic testing . Her decision was met with praise from various public figures, while health campaigners welcomed her raising awareness of the options available to at - risk women . Dubbed "The Angelina Effect" by a Time cover story, Jolie's influence led to a "global and long - lasting" increase in BRCA gene testing: the number of referrals tripled in Australia and doubled in the UK, parts of Canada, and India, as well as significantly increased in other European countries and the U.S. Researchers in Canada and the UK found that despite the large increase, the percentage of mutation carriers remained the same, meaning Jolie's message had reached those most at risk . In her first op - ed, Jolie had advocated wider accessibility of BRCA gene testing and acknowledged the high costs, which were greatly reduced after the U.S. Supreme Court, in a June 2013 ruling, invalidated BRCA gene patents held by Myriad Genetics . </P>

Who is the lady who raised awareness and advocated for policy related to orphan drugs