<P> In the early sixties, the rate of economic growth slowed down significantly . In 1962, the growth rate was 4.7% and the following year, 2.0% . After a brief recovery, the growth rate petered into a recession, with no growth in 1967 . The economic showdown forced Erhard's resignation in 1966 and he was replaced with Kurt Georg Kiesinger of the CDU . Kiesinger was to attract much controversy because in 1933 he had joined the National Socialist Legal Guild and NSDAP (membership in the former was necessary in order to practice law, but membership in the latter was entirely voluntary). </P> <P> In order to deal with the problem of the economic slowdown, a new coalition was formed . Kiesinger's 1966--69 grand coalition was between West Germany's two largest parties, the CDU / CSU and the Social Democratic Party (SPD). This was important for the introduction of new emergency acts--the grand coalition gave the ruling parties the two - thirds majority of votes required for their ratification . These controversial acts allowed basic constitutional rights such as freedom of movement to be limited in case of a state of emergency . </P> <P> During the time leading up to the passing of the laws, there was fierce opposition to them, above all by the Free Democratic Party, the rising German student movement, a group calling itself Notstand der Demokratie (Democracy in Crisis), the Außerparlamentarische Opposition and members of the Campaign against Nuclear Armament . In the late 1960s saw the rise of the student movement and university campuses in a constant state of uproar . A key event in the development of open democratic debate occurred in 1967 when the Shah of Iran visited West Berlin . Several thousand demonstrators gathered outside the Opera House where he was to attend a special performance . Supporters of the Shah (later known as' Jubelperser'), armed with staves and bricks, attacked the protesters while the police stood by and watched . A demonstration in the center was being forcibly dispersed when a bystander named Benno Ohnesorg was shot in the head and killed by a plain - clothed policeman Karl - Heinz Kurras . (It has now been established that the policeman, Kurras, was a paid spy of the East German Stasi security forces .) Protest demonstrations continued, and calls for more active opposition by some groups of students were made, which was declared by the press, especially the tabloid Bild - Zeitung newspaper, to be acts of terrorism . The conservative Bild - Zeitung waged a massive campaign against the protesters who were declared to be just hooligans and thugs in the pay of East Germany . The press baron Axel Springer emerged as one of the principal hate figures for the student protesters because of Bild - Zeitung's often violent attacks on them . Protests against the US intervention in Vietnam, mingled with anger over the vigor with which demonstrations were repressed, led to mounting militancy among the students at the universities of Berlin . One of the most prominent campaigners was a young man from East Germany called Rudi Dutschke who also criticised the forms of capitalism that were to be seen in West Berlin . Just before Easter 1968, a young man tried to kill Dutschke as he bicycled to the student union, seriously injuring him . All over West Germany, thousands demonstrated against the Springer newspapers which were seen as the prime cause of the violence against students . Trucks carrying newspapers were set on fire and windows in office buildings broken . In the wake of these demonstrations, in which the question of America's role in Vietnam began to play a bigger role, came a desire among the students to find out more about the role of their parents' generation in the Nazi era . </P> <P> In 1968, the Bundestag passed a Misdemeanors Bill dealing with traffic misdemeanors, into which a high - ranking civil servant named Dr. Eduard Dreher who had been drafting the bill inserted a prefatory section to the bill under a very misleading heading that declared that henceforth there was a statute of limitations of 15 years from the time of the offense for the crime of being an accomplices to murder which was to apply retroactively, which made it impossible to prosecute war criminals even for being accomplices to murder since the statute of limitations as now defined for the last of the suspects had expired by 1960 . The Bundestag passed the Misdemeanors Bill without bothering to read the bill in its entirety so its members missed Dreher's amendment . It was estimated in 1969 that thanks to Dreher's amendment to the Misdemeanors Bill that 90% of all Nazi war criminals now enjoyed total immunity from prosecution . The prosecutor Adalbert Rückerl who headed the Central Bureau for the Prosecution of National Socialist Crimes told an interviewer in 1969 that this amendment had done immense harm to the ability of the Bureau to prosecute those suspected of war crimes and crimes against humanity . </P>

Which of the following nations was split in two following the end of world war ii