<P> Although designs and construction vary between brands, basic components of all ballpoint pens are universal . Standard components of a ballpoint tip include the freely rotating ball itself (distributing the ink on the writing surface), a socket holding the ball in place, small ink channels that provide ink to the ball through the socket, and a self - contained ink reservoir supplying ink to the ball . In modern disposable pens, narrow plastic tubes contain the ink, which is compelled downward to the ball by gravity . Brass, steel, or tungsten carbide are used to manufacture the ball bearing - like points, then housed in a brass socket . </P> <P> The function of these components can be compared with the ball - applicator of roll - on antiperspirant; the same technology at a larger scale . The ballpoint tip delivers the ink to the writing surface while acting as a buffer between the ink in the reservoir and the air outside, preventing the quick - drying ink from drying inside the reservoir . Modern ballpoints are said to have a two - year shelf life, on average . </P> <P> A ballpoint tip that can write comfortably for a long period of time is not easy to produce as it requires high - precision machinery and thin high grade steel alloy plates . China, which currently (2017) produces about 80 percent of the world's ballpoint pens, relied up to 2017 on imported ballpoint tips and metal alloys . </P> <P> The common ballpoint pen is a product of mass production, with components produced separately on assembly lines . Basic steps in the manufacturing process include the production of ink formulas, moulding of metal and plastic components, and assembly . Marcel Bich was involved in developing the production of inexpensive ballpoint pens . </P>

Where did the ball point pen come from