<P> Three close - in - age exemptions exist, as per section 20: </P> <P> 20 . (1) A person sixteen years of age or over but under twenty - one years of age is not liable under section 18 if--(a) he is less than three years older than the child against whom he is purported to have perpetrated the offence; (b) he is not in a familial relationship with the child nor in a position of trust in relation to the child; (c) he is not of the same sex as the child; and (d) the circumstances do not reveal any element of exploitation, coercion, threat, deception, grooming or manipulation in the relationship . </P> <P> (2) A person fourteen years of age or over but under sixteen years of age is not liable under section 18 or 19 if--(a) he is less than two years older than the child against whom he is purported to have perpetrated the offence; (b) he is not in a familial relationship with the child nor in a position of trust in relation to the child; (c) he is not of the same sex as the child; and (d) the circumstances do not reveal any element of exploitation, coercion, threat, deception, grooming or manipulation in the relationship . </P> <P> (3) A person twelve years of age or over but under fourteen years of age is not liable under section 18 or 19 if--(a) he is less than two years older than the child against whom he is purported to have perpetrated the offence; (b) he is not in a familial relationship with the child nor in a position of trust in relation to the child; (c) he is not of the same sex as the child; and (d) the circumstances do not reveal any element of exploitation, coercion, threat, deception, grooming or manipulation in the relationship . </P>

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