<P> Where conventional academic painting (after Raphael) used dark glazes, highly selective, idealized forms, and rigorous suppression of details, the Nazarenes used clear outlines, bright colors, and paid meticulous attention to detail . This German school had its English counterpart in the Pre-Raphaelites, who were primarily inspired by the critical writings of John Ruskin, who admired the painters before Raphael (such as Botticelli) and who also recommended painting outdoors, hitherto unheard of . </P> <P> Two developments shook the world of visual art in the mid-19th century . The first was the invention of the photographic camera, which arguably spurred the development of Realism in art . The second was a discovery in the world of mathematics of non-Euclidean geometry, which overthrew the 2000 - year - old seeming absolutes of Euclidean geometry and threw into question conventional Renaissance perspective by suggesting the possible existence of multiple dimensional worlds and perspectives in which things might look very different . </P> <P> The discovery of possible new dimensions had the opposite effect of photography and worked to counteract realism . Artists, mathematicians, and intellectuals now realized that there were other ways of seeing things beyond what they had been taught in Beaux Arts Schools of Academic painting, which prescribed a rigid curriculum based on the copying of idealized classical forms and held up Renaissance perspective painting as the culmination of civilization and knowledge . Beaux Arts academies held than non-Western peoples had had no art or only inferior art . </P> <P> In rebellion against this dogmatic approach, Western artists began to try to depict realities that might exist in a world beyond the limitations of the three dimensional world of conventional representation mediated by classical sculpture . They looked to Japanese and Chinese art, which they regarded as learned and sophisticated and did not employ Renaissance one - point perspective . Non-euclidean perspective and tribal art fascinated Western artists who saw in them the still - enchanted portrayal of the spirit world . They also looked to the art of untrained painters and to children's art, which they believed depicted interior emotional realities that had been ignored in conventional, cook - book - style academic painting . </P>

Which of the following stravinsky works is from his primivist period