<P> There were dozens of new agencies created by Roosevelt through Executive Orders . They are typically known by their alphabetical initials . </P> <P> The American people were generally extremely dissatisfied with the crumbling economy, mass unemployment, declining wages and profits and especially Herbert Hoover's policies such as the Smoot--Hawley Tariff Act and the Revenue Act of 1932 . Roosevelt entered office with enormous political capital . Americans of all political persuasions were demanding immediate action and Roosevelt responded with a remarkable series of new programs in the "first hundred days" of the administration, in which he met with Congress for 100 days . During those 100 days of lawmaking, Congress granted every request Roosevelt asked and passed a few programs (such as the FDIC to insure bank accounts) that he opposed . Ever since, presidents have been judged against Roosevelt for what they accomplished in their first 100 days . Walter Lippmann famously noted: </P> <P> At the end of February we were a congeries of disorderly panic - stricken mobs and factions . In the hundred days from March to June we became again an organized nation confident of our power to provide for our own security and to control our own destiny . </P> <P> The economy had hit bottom in March 1933 and then started to expand . Economic indicators show the economy reached nadir in the first days of March, then began a steady, sharp upward recovery . Thus the Federal Reserve Index of Industrial Production sank to its lowest point of 52.8 in July 1932 (with 1935--1939 = 100) and was practically unchanged at 54.3 in March 1933 . However, by July 1933 it reached 85.5, a dramatic rebound of 57% in four months . Recovery was steady and strong until 1937 . Except for employment, the economy by 1937 surpassed the levels of the late 1920s . The Recession of 1937 was a temporary downturn . Private sector employment, especially in manufacturing, recovered to the level of the 1920s, but failed to advance further until the war . The U.S. population was 124,840,471 in 1932 and 128,824,829 in 1937, an increase of 3,984,468 . The ratio of these numbers, times the number of jobs in 1932, means there was a need for 938,000 more 1937 jobs to maintain the same employment level . </P>

What were some programs from the new deal