<P> The opening of the North Atlantic Ocean is a geological event that occurred over millions of years, during which the supercontinent Pangea broke up . As modern - day Europe (Eurasian plate) and North America (North American Plate) separated during the final breakup of Pangea in the early Cenozoic Era, they formed the North Atlantic Ocean . Geologists believe the breakup occurred either due to primary processes of the Iceland plume or secondary processes of lithospheric extension from plate tectonics . </P> <P> Rocks from the North Atlantic Igneous Province have been found in Greenland, the Irminger Basin, Faroe Islands, Vøring Plateau (off Norway), Faroe - Shetland Basin, Hebrides, Outer Moray Firth and Denmark . The supercontinent known as Pangea existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras and began to rift around 200 million years ago . Pangea had three major phases of breakup . The first major phase began in the Early - Middle Jurassic, taking place between North America and Africa . The second major phase of breakup began in the Early Cretaceous . The South Atlantic Ocean opened around 140 million years ago as Africa separated from South America, and about the same time, India separated from Antarctica and Australia, forming the central Indian Ocean . The final major phase of breakup occurred in the early Cenozoic, as Laurentia separated from Eurasia . As the two plates broke free from each other, the Atlantic Ocean continued to expand . </P> <P> The Iceland plume is a mantle plume under Iceland that carries hot material from the deep within Earth's mantle upwards to the crust . The rising hot material weakens the lithosphere, making the separation of plates easier . The flow of hot plume material creates volcanism under the continental lithosphere . Iceland extends across the Mid-Atlantic Ridge . The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is a divergent plate boundary, and it separates the Eurasian and North American plates . The ages of the earliest volcanic rocks from this plume lie in the late Paleocene, and both sides of the Atlantic Ocean contain these rocks . Since these rocks have been dated to the late Paleocene, this lines up with the time of breakup of the North Atlantic continent, so some think it could have been a contributing factor . </P>

When did the atlantic ocean start to open