<Dd> r _̈ r ^ = central outward acceleration − r θ _̇ 2 r ^ = centripetal acceleration r θ _̈ θ ^ = angular acceleration 2 r _̇ θ _̇ θ ^ = Coriolis effect z _̈ z ^ = z - acceleration (\ displaystyle (\ begin (aligned) (\ ddot (r)) \ mathbf (\ hat (r)) & = (\ mbox (central outward acceleration)) \ \ - r (\ dot (\ theta)) ^ (2) \ mathbf (\ hat (r)) & = (\ mbox (centripetal acceleration)) \ \ r (\ ddot (\ theta)) (\ boldsymbol (\ hat (\ theta))) & = (\ mbox (angular acceleration)) \ \ 2 (\ dot (r)) (\ dot (\ theta)) (\ boldsymbol (\ hat (\ theta))) & = (\ mbox (Coriolis effect)) \ \ (\ ddot (z)) \ mathbf (\ hat (z)) & = (\ mbox (z - acceleration)) \ end (aligned))) </Dd> <P> See also: Centripetal force, Angular acceleration, Coriolis effect . </P> <P> Vectors are defined in spherical coordinates by (ρ, θ, φ), where </P> <Ul> <Li> ρ is the length of the vector, </Li> <Li> θ is the angle between the positive Z - axis and the vector in question (0 ≤ θ ≤ π), and </Li> <Li> φ is the angle between the projection of the vector onto the X-Y - plane and the positive X-axis (0 ≤ φ <2π). </Li> </Ul>

Cartesian unit vectors in terms of spherical coordinates