<P> Voter turnout is lower among the disabled . In the 2012 United States presidential election 56.8% of people with disabilities reported voting, compared to the 62.5% of eligible citizens without disabilities . </P> <P> Jurisprudence concerning candidacy rights and the rights of citizens to create a political party are less clear than voting rights . Different courts have reached different conclusions regarding what sort of restrictions, often in terms of ballot access, public debate inclusion, filing fees, and residency requirements, may be imposed . </P> <P> In Williams v. Rhodes (1968), the United States Supreme Court struck down Ohio ballot access laws on First and Fourteenth Amendment grounds . However, it subsequently upheld such laws in several other cases . States can require an independent or minor party candidate to collect signatures as high as five percent of the total votes cast in a particular preceding election before the court will intervene . </P> <P> The Supreme Court has also upheld a state ban on cross-party endorsements (also known as electoral fusion) and primary write - in votes . </P>

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