<P> The Miranda warning (often shortened to "Miranda", or "Mirandizing" a suspect) is the name of the formal warning that is required to be given by law enforcement in the United States to criminal suspects in police custody (or in a custodial situation) before they are interrogated, in accordance with the Miranda ruling . Its purpose is to ensure the accused are aware of, and reminded of, these rights before questioning or actions that are reasonably likely to elicit an incriminating response . </P> <P> Per the U.S. Supreme Court decision Berghuis v. Thompkins (June 1, 2010), criminal suspects who are aware of their right to silence and to an attorney, but choose not to "unambiguously" invoke them, may find any subsequent voluntary statements treated as an implied waiver of their rights, and used as or as part of evidence . At least one scholar has argued that Thompkins effectively gutted Miranda . </P> <P> During the 1960s, a movement which provided defendants with legal aid emerged from the collective efforts of various bar associations . </P> <P> In the civil realm, it led to the creation of the Legal Services Corporation under the Great Society program of President Lyndon Baines Johnson . Escobedo v. Illinois, a case which closely foreshadowed Miranda, provided for the presence of counsel during police interrogation . This concept extended to a concern over police interrogation practices, which were considered by many to be barbaric and unjust . Coercive interrogation tactics were known in period slang as the "third degree". </P>

Three years after its original ruling the supreme court reversed its opinion about which law