<P> The Model City Charter (MCC), published by the National Civic League, formerly the National Municipal League, is closely associated to the council--manager form of government . The Model City Charter is in its eighth edition, adopted in 2003 . Since its second edition, adopted in 1915, the model charter for municipalities has recommended this council--manager form of government . </P> <P> Following the turmoil of World War I (1914--1918), the 1916 rising, the Irish War of Independence (1919--1921), and the Irish Civil War (1921--1923), the Irish government found it necessary to remove the members of several local authorities and replace them temporarily by paid commissioners . </P> <P> Both Dublin and Cork city councils were so removed . In both cities, there was a body of opinion that the services provided by the councils were delivered more efficiently and fairly under the commissioners than under the previous system, where the executive function had been, in effect, vested in the councils and their committees . </P> <P> In 1926, a committee of commercial and industrial interests in Cork came together to consider a scheme of city government . Having regard to the city's experience of commissioners and recent experience in the United States a council--manager plan of city government was proposed . </P>

Should cities adopt a council-manager form of government