<P> Using a competitive educational system, Romans developed a form of social control that allowed elites to maintain class stability . This, along with the obvious monetary expenses, prevented the majority of Roman students from advancing to higher levels of education . </P> <P> At between nine and twelve years of age, boys from affluent families would leave their' litterator' behind and take up study with a grammaticus, who honed his students' writing and speaking skills, versed them in the art of poetic analysis and taught them Greek if they did not yet know it . Poetry analysis continued to use the same poems and poets the students were exposed to in Ludus, such as Phoenissae by Euripides . By this point, lower class boys would already be working as apprentices, and girls--rich or poor--would be focused on making themselves attractive brides and, subsequently, capable mothers . </P> <P> Daily activities included lectures by the grammaticus (enarratio), expressive reading of poetry (lectio) and the analysis of poetry (partitio). The curriculum was thoroughly bilingual, as students were expected to both read and speak in Greek as well as in Latin . Assessment of a student's performance was done on - the - spot and on - the - fly according to standards set by his particular grammaticus, as no source on Roman education ever mentions work taken away to be graded . Instead, pupils would complete an exercise, display their results and be corrected or congratulated as needed by the grammaticus, who revelled in his self - perception as a "guardian of language". </P> <P> Famous grammatici include Lucius Orbilius Pupillus, who still serves as the quintessential pedagogue that isn't afraid to flog or whip his students to drive a point home, and the freedman Marcus Verrius Flaccus, who gained imperial patronage and a widespread tutelage due to his novel practice of pitting students of similar age and ability against each other and rewarding the winner with a prize, usually an old book of some rarity . </P>

Who was responsible for philosophy and education in ancient europe and what did they teach