<P> The original Purple Heart, designated as the Badge of Military Merit, was established by George Washington--then the commander - in - chief of the Continental Army--by order from his Newburgh, New York headquarters on August 7, 1782 . The Badge of Military Merit was only awarded to three Revolutionary War soldiers by Gen. George Washington himself . General Washington authorized his subordinate officers to issue Badges of Merit as appropriate . From then on, as its legend grew, so did its appearance . Although never abolished, the award of the badge was not proposed again officially until after World War I . </P> <P> On October 10, 1927, Army Chief of Staff General Charles Pelot Summerall directed that a draft bill be sent to Congress "to revive the Badge of Military Merit". The bill was withdrawn and action on the case ceased January 3, 1928, but the office of the Adjutant General was instructed to file all materials collected for possible future use . A number of private interests sought to have the medal re-instituted in the Army; this included the board of directors of the Fort Ticonderoga Museum in Ticonderoga, New York . </P> <P> On January 7, 1931, Summerall's successor, General Douglas MacArthur, confidentially reopened work on a new design, involving the Washington Commission of Fine Arts . Elizabeth Will, an Army heraldic specialist in the Office of the Quartermaster General, was named to redesign the newly revived medal, which became known as the Purple Heart . Using general specifications provided to her, Will created the design sketch for the present medal of the Purple Heart . The new design, which exhibits a bust and profile of George Washington, was issued on the bicentennial of Washington's birth . Will's obituary, in the edition of February 8, 1975 of The Washington Post newspaper, reflects her many contributions to military heraldry . </P> <P> The Commission of Fine Arts solicited plaster models from three leading sculptors for the medal, selecting that of John R. Sinnock of the Philadelphia Mint in May 1931 . By Executive Order of the President of the United States, the Purple Heart was revived on the 200th Anniversary of George Washington's birth, out of respect to his memory and military achievements, by War Department General Order No. 3, dated February 22, 1932 . </P>

Which us president is depicted on the purple heart military decoration