<P> The Perpendicular Gothic cloister is entered from the cathedral through a Norman doorway in the north aisle . The cloister is part of the building programme that commenced in the 1490s and is probably the work of Seth Derwall . The south wall of the cloister, dating from the later part of the Norman period, forms the north wall of the nave of the cathedral, and includes blind arcading . Among the earliest remaining structures on the site is an undercroft off the west range of the cloisters, which dates from the early 12th century, and which was originally used by the monks for storing food . It consists of two naves with groin vaults and short round piers with round scalloped capitals . </P> <P> Leading from the south of the undercroft is the abbot's passage which dates from around 1150 and consists of two bays with rib - vaulting . Above the abbot's passage, approached by a stairway from the west cloister, is St Anselm's Chapel which also dates from the 12th century . It is in three bays and has a 19th century Gothic - style plaster vault . The chancel is in one bay and was remodelled in the early 17th century . The screen, altar rails, holy table and plaster ceiling of the chancel date from the 17th century . The north range of the cloister gives access to a refectory, built by Simon de Whitchurch in the 13th century . It contains an Early English pulpit, approached by a staircase with an ascending arcade . The only other similar pulpit in England is in Beaulieu Abbey . </P> <P> By the 19th century the fabric of the building had become badly weathered, with Charles Hiatt writing that "the surface rot of the very perishable red sandstone, of which the cathedral was built, was positively unsightly" and that the "whole place previous to restoration struck one as woebegone and neglected; it perpetually seemed to hover on the verge of collapse, and yet was without a trace of the romance of the average ruin". Between 1818 and 1820 the architect Thomas Harrison restored the south transept, adding corner turrets . This part of the building served until 1881 as the parish church of St Oswald, and it was ecclesiastically separate . From 1844 R. C. Hussey carried out a limited restoration including work on the south side of the nave . </P> <P> The most extensive restoration was carried out by the Gothic Revival architect, George Gilbert Scott, who between 1868 and 1876 "almost entirely re-cased" the cathedral . The current building is acknowledged to be mainly the product of this Victorian restoration commissioned by the Dean, John Saul Howson . In addition to extensive additions and alterations to the body of the church, Scott remodelled the tower, adding turrets and crenellations . Scott chose sandstone from the quarries at Runcorn for his restoration work . In addition to the restoration of the fabric of the building, Scott designed internal fittings such as the choir screen to replace those destroyed during the Civil War . He built the fan vault of the south porch, renewed the wooden vault of the choir and added a great many decorative features to the interior . </P>

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