<P> Due process also applies to the creation of taxing districts, as taxation is a deprivation of property . Due process typically requires public hearings prior to the creation of a taxing district . </P> <P> Due process applies to Puerto Rico, although it is not a State . </P> <P> The due process clauses apply to both natural persons as well as to "legal persons" (that is, corporate personhood) as well as to individuals, including both citizens and non-citizens . The Fifth Amendment due process was first applied to corporations in 1893 by the Supreme Court in Noble v. Union River Logging . Noble was preceded by Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad in 1886 . The due process clauses also apply to non-citizens who are within the United States--no matter whether their presence may be or is "unlawful, involuntary or transitory"--although the U.S. Supreme Court has recognized that non-citizens can be stopped, detained, and denied past immigration officials at points of entry (e.g. at a port or airport) without the protection of the Due Process Clause because, while technically on U.S. soil, they are not considered to have entered the United States . </P> <P> In the context of the death penalty debate in the United States, it has been argued that since the Constitution explicitly contemplates the death penalty by forbidding it without due process, the death penalty cannot be unconstitutional. <> </P>

Who has the right to due process in the united states
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