<Li> Messianic faith: Belief in an ultimately positive outcome and restoration to them of the Land of Israel . </Li> <Li> The doctrine of the World - to - Come increasingly elaborated: Jews were reconciled to suffering in this world, which helped them resist outside temptations to convert . </Li> <Li> Suffering was given meaning through hope - inducing interpretation of their history and their destiny . </Li> <Li> The doctrine of martyrdom and inescapability of persecution transformed it into a source of communal solidarity . </Li>

How did eastern europe become home to so many ethnic groups