<P> In some cases, the official English or anglicised name is wholly different from the official Irish language name . An example is Dublin . Its name is derived from the Irish dubh linn (meaning "black pool"), but its official Irish name is Baile Átha Cliath (meaning "town of the hurdled ford"). </P> <P> For most of the "Gaelic period", there were very few towns or large settlements in Ireland . Hence, most places were named after noteworthy features of the landscape, such as hills, rocks, valleys, lakes, islands, and harbours . As time went on, more places were named after man - made features, such as churches, castles, and bridges . Some of the most common elements found in Irish placenames are shown in the table below . The differences in spelling are often due to differences in pronunciation . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Anglicised spelling </Th> <Th> Irish </Th> <Th> English translation </Th> <Th> Example </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> agha, aghy, aghey, augha </Td> <Td> achadh </Td> <Td> field </Td> <Td> Aghalee, Aughagower </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ard </Td> <Td> ard </Td> <Td> high / height </Td> <Td> Ardglass </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ath </Td> <Td> áth </Td> <Td> ford </Td> <Td> Athlone </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> bally </Td> <Td> baile </Td> <Td> homestead / settlement </Td> <Td> Ballymena </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> bally, balla (gh), bella (gh) </Td> <Td> bealach </Td> <Td> pass / passage </Td> <Td> Ballyclare, Ballaghmore </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> bane, baun, bain </Td> <Td> bán </Td> <Td> white </Td> <Td> Strabane, Cregganbaun, Kinbain </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> beg </Td> <Td> beag </Td> <Td> small </Td> <Td> Carrickbeg </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> bel, bell </Td> <Td> béal </Td> <Td> mouth / rivermouth </Td> <Td> Belfast </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ben, bin </Td> <Td> binn / beann </Td> <Td> peak </Td> <Td> Benbaun, Binevenagh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> boy </Td> <Td> buí </Td> <Td> yellow </Td> <Td> Bawnboy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> brack </Td> <Td> breac </Td> <Td> mottled </Td> <Td> Mullaghbrack </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> bun </Td> <Td> bun </Td> <Td> river's bottom / foot / mouth </Td> <Td> Bundoran </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> cashel </Td> <Td> caiseal </Td> <Td> stone ring - fort </Td> <Td> Cashel (Tipperary), Cashel (Galway) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> cappa (gh) </Td> <Td> ceapach </Td> <Td> plot / tillage </Td> <Td> Cappamore, Cappagh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> carn </Td> <Td> carn </Td> <Td> cairn </Td> <Td> Carnmoney </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> carrow, carry </Td> <Td> ceathrú </Td> <Td> quarter </Td> <Td> Carrowdore, Carryduff </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> carrig, carrick, craig </Td> <Td> carraig / creig </Td> <Td> rock / rocky outcrop </Td> <Td> Carrigaline, Carrickfergus, Craigarogan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> cahir, caher </Td> <Td> cathair </Td> <Td> stone ring - fort </Td> <Td> Cahircon, Caherdaniel </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> clare </Td> <Td> cláir </Td> <Td> (of) level land </Td> <Td> Cooraclare </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> clough, clogh </Td> <Td> cloch </Td> <Td> rock </Td> <Td> Cloughjordan, Clogheen </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> clon, clone, cloon </Td> <Td> cluain </Td> <Td> meadow </Td> <Td> Clonmel, Cloondara </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> coom </Td> <Td> com </Td> <Td> hollow </Td> <Td> Coomkeen </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> cor </Td> <Td> corr </Td> <Td> small round hill </Td> <Td> Corblonog </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> corry, curry </Td> <Td> coire </Td> <Td> corrie </Td> <Td> Rockcorry, Tubbercurry </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> croagh </Td> <Td> cruach </Td> <Td> stack </Td> <Td> Croaghgorm </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> cul, cool </Td> <Td> cúl </Td> <Td> back </Td> <Td> Coolmine, Cultra </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> cul, cool </Td> <Td> cúil </Td> <Td> nook / corner </Td> <Td> Coolock </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> derry </Td> <Td> doire </Td> <Td> grove / oak - grove </Td> <Td> Derry </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> dona (gh) </Td> <Td> domhnach </Td> <Td> church </Td> <Td> Donaghadee, Donabate </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> droghed, drohed, drohid </Td> <Td> droichead </Td> <Td> bridge </Td> <Td> Drogheda, Clondrohid </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> drum, drom </Td> <Td> druim / droim </Td> <Td> ridge </Td> <Td> Dromore, Drumshanbo </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> duff, duv </Td> <Td> dubh </Td> <Td> black </Td> <Td> Claddaghduff, Cloughduv </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> dun, doon </Td> <Td> dún </Td> <Td> stronghold / fort </Td> <Td> Dungannon, Doonbeg </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ennis </Td> <Td> inis </Td> <Td> island </Td> <Td> Enniskillen </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> esk, eish </Td> <Td> eiscir </Td> <Td> esker </Td> <Td> Eskra </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> fin, finn </Td> <Td> fionn </Td> <Td> clear / white / fair </Td> <Td> Finglas </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> freagh, frack </Td> <Td> fraoch </Td> <Td> heather </Td> <Td> Letterfrack </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> garv </Td> <Td> garbh </Td> <Td> rough </Td> <Td> Garvaghey </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> glas, glass </Td> <Td> glas </Td> <Td> green </Td> <Td> Glasnevin </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> glen, glan </Td> <Td> gleann </Td> <Td> valley </Td> <Td> Glenties, Glanmire </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> gorm </Td> <Td> gorm </Td> <Td> blue </Td> <Td> Glengormley </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> gort </Td> <Td> gort </Td> <Td> field </Td> <Td> Gortnahoe </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> illan, illaun </Td> <Td> oileán </Td> <Td> island </Td> <Td> Illaunmaistir </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> inish, innish, innis </Td> <Td> inis </Td> <Td> island </Td> <Td> Inniskeen, Inishmaan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> kil, kill </Td> <Td> cill </Td> <Td> churchyard or graveyard </Td> <Td> Kildare </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> kil, kill </Td> <Td> coill </Td> <Td> woodland </Td> <Td> Kilcogy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> kin, ken </Td> <Td> cionn / ceann </Td> <Td> head </Td> <Td> Kinallen, Kenmare </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> knock </Td> <Td> cnoc </Td> <Td> hill </Td> <Td> Knockcloghrim </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> lea </Td> <Td> liath </Td> <Td> grey </Td> <Td> Killylea </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> letter </Td> <Td> leitir </Td> <Td> hillside </Td> <Td> Letterkenny </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> lis </Td> <Td> lios </Td> <Td> earthen ring - fort </Td> <Td> Liscannor </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> lough </Td> <Td> loch </Td> <Td> lake </Td> <Td> Loughgall </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> lurgan </Td> <Td> lorga (n) </Td> <Td> long ridge </Td> <Td> Lurgan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> maum, maam </Td> <Td> mám </Td> <Td> mountain pass </Td> <Td> Maum, Maam Cross </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> magh, may, moy, moi (gh) </Td> <Td> maigh / machaire </Td> <Td> plain </Td> <Td> Magherafelt, Maynooth, Moycullen </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> mona, money </Td> <Td> móna / monaidh </Td> <Td> peatland / turf </Td> <Td> Cornamona, Ballymoney </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> mulla (gh) </Td> <Td> mullach </Td> <Td> summit </Td> <Td> Mullaghbawn </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> mullin </Td> <Td> muileann </Td> <Td> mill </Td> <Td> Mullingar </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> more </Td> <Td> mór </Td> <Td> big / great </Td> <Td> Tullamore </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> noe </Td> <Td> nua </Td> <Td> new </Td> <Td> Ballynoe </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> owen </Td> <Td> abhainn </Td> <Td> river </Td> <Td> Owenbeg </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> poll, poul </Td> <Td> poll </Td> <Td> hole </Td> <Td> Pollagh, Poulaphouca </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> port </Td> <Td> port </Td> <Td> stronghold / fort </Td> <Td> Portlaoise </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> port </Td> <Td> port </Td> <Td> landing place </Td> <Td> Portadown </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> rath, rah </Td> <Td> ráth </Td> <Td> earthen ring - fort </Td> <Td> Rathfarnham, Raheny </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> rea (gh), reva (gh) </Td> <Td> riabhach </Td> <Td> brindled / speckled </Td> <Td> Moneyreagh, Cloonsheerevagh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> roe </Td> <Td> rua </Td> <Td> red </Td> <Td> Carraroe </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ros, rosh, rus, rush </Td> <Td> ros </Td> <Td> wooded promontory </Td> <Td> Roscrea, Kilrush </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> sall, salla, sally </Td> <Td> sail (each) </Td> <Td> willow (s) </Td> <Td> Ballysally, Sallins </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> shan </Td> <Td> sean </Td> <Td> old </Td> <Td> Shandon </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> sheskin </Td> <Td> seascann </Td> <Td> marsh / quagmire </Td> <Td> Sheskin </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ske, skey, skay, skea (gh) </Td> <Td> sceach </Td> <Td> hawthorn </Td> <Td> Skeheenarinky, Ballyskeagh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> sragh, stra </Td> <Td> srath </Td> <Td> floodplain </Td> <Td> Stranorlar, Sragh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> slieve </Td> <Td> sliabh </Td> <Td> mountain </Td> <Td> Slieve Donard </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> termon </Td> <Td> tearmann </Td> <Td> refuge / sanctuary </Td> <Td> Termonfeckin </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> tieve </Td> <Td> taobh </Td> <Td> hillside </Td> <Td> Tievebulliagh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> tyr, tir </Td> <Td> tír </Td> <Td> territory </Td> <Td> Tyrone, Tirconnell </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> tober, tubber </Td> <Td> tobar </Td> <Td> water well </Td> <Td> Tobermore, Tubberclare </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> tra </Td> <Td> trá </Td> <Td> beach / strand </Td> <Td> Tramore </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> tuam, toom </Td> <Td> tuaim </Td> <Td> burial mound </Td> <Td> Tuam, Toomevara </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> tully, tulla (gh) </Td> <Td> tulach </Td> <Td> hillock / mound / heap </Td> <Td> Tullyhogue, Tullamore </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> orla, urlar </Td> <Td> urlár </Td> <Td> floor / flat land </Td> <Td> Stranorlar, Urlar </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> vea (gh), vei (gh) </Td> <Td> bheithe </Td> <Td> (of) birch </Td> <Td> Ballyveagh </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Th> Anglicised spelling </Th> <Th> Irish </Th> <Th> English translation </Th> <Th> Example </Th> </Tr>

What does bally mean in irish place names
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