<P> Research by Michigan criminal justice academics and practitioners started being published as early as the 1980s . As a Professor of Criminal Justice, Bob Trajanowcz in the late 1990s influenced many future law enforcement leaders on how to implement elements of community policing One experiment in Flint, Michigan, involved foot patrol officers be assigned to a specific geographic area to help reduce crime in hot spots . </P> <P> Community - oriented policing was promoted by the Clinton Administration . The 1994 Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act established the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) within the Justice Department and provided funding to promote community policing . </P> <P> Many community - oriented police structures focus on assigning officers to a specific area called a "beat" and having those officers become familiar with that area or beat through a process of "beat profiling ." The officers are then taught how to design specific patrol strategies to deal with the types of crime that are experienced in that beat . </P> <P> These ideas are implemented in a multipronged approach using a variety of aspects, such as broadening the duties of the police officer and individualizing the practices to the community they're policing; refocusing police efforts to face - to - face interactions in smaller patrol areas with an emphasized goal of preventing criminal activity instead of responding to it; solving problems using input from the community they're policing; and, finally, making an effort to increase service - oriented positive interactions with police . </P>

What are the key features of community policing