<P> The Hanoverian succession came about as a result of the Act of Settlement 1701, passed by the Parliament of England, which excluded "Papists" (that is, Roman Catholics) from the succession . In return for access to the English plantations in North America and the West Indies, the Hanoverian succession and the Union were ratified by the Parliament of Scotland in 1707 . </P> <P> After the death of Queen Anne with no living children, George I, the son of Sophia of Hanover, granddaughter of James VI of Scotland and I of England through his daughter Elizabeth of Bohemia, was the closest heir to the throne who was not a Roman Catholic . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Name Reign </Th> <Th> Length of Reign </Th> <Th> Portrait </Th> <Th> Arms </Th> <Th> Birth Parentage </Th> <Th> Marriage (s) Issue </Th> <Th> Death </Th> <Th> Succession right </Th> <Th> Ref </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> George I George Louis 1 August 1714--11 June 1727 </Td> <Td> 7003469700000000000 ♠ 12 years, 314 days </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 28 May 1660 Leineschloss Son of Ernest Augustus, Elector of Brunswick - Lüneburg and Sophia of Hanover </Td> <Td> Sophia Dorothea of Brunswick - Lüneburg - Celle 21 November 1682 2 children </Td> <Td> 11 June 1727 Osnabrück aged 67 </Td> <Td> Great - grandson of James VI and I, Act of Settlement, eldest son of Sophia of Hanover </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> George II George Augustus 11 June 1727--25 October 1760 </Td> <Td> 7004121900000000000 ♠ 33 years, 136 days </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 30 October 1683 Herrenhausen Son of George I and Sophia Dorothea of Brunswick - Lüneburg - Celle </Td> <Td> Caroline of Brandenburg - Ansbach 22 August 1705 8 children </Td> <Td> 25 October 1760 Kensington Palace aged 76 </Td> <Td> Son of George I </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> George III George William Frederick 25 October 1760--29 January 1820 </Td> <Td> 7004216440000000000 ♠ 59 years, 96 days </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 4 June 1738 Norfolk House Son of Frederick, Prince of Wales and Princess Augusta of Saxe - Gotha </Td> <Td> Charlotte of Mecklenburg - Strelitz St James's Palace 8 September 1761 15 children </Td> <Td> 29 January 1820 Windsor Castle aged 81 </Td> <Td> Grandson of George II </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> George IV George Augustus Frederick 29 January 1820--26 June 1830 (Prince Regent: from 1811) </Td> <Td> 7003380100000000000 ♠ 10 years, 148 days </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 12 August 1762 St James's Palace Son of George III and Charlotte of Mecklenburg - Strelitz </Td> <Td> 1st: Maria Anne Fitzherbert Park Lane 15 September 1785 2nd: Caroline of Brunswick - Wolfenbüttel St James's Palace 8 April 1795 1 daughter </Td> <Td> 26 June 1830 Windsor Castle aged 67 </Td> <Td> Son of George III </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> William IV William Henry 26 June 1830--20 June 1837 </Td> <Td> 7003255100000000000 ♠ 6 years, 359 days </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 21 August 1765 Buckingham Palace Son of George III and Charlotte of Mecklenburg - Strelitz </Td> <Td> Adelaide of Saxe - Meiningen Kew Palace 13 July 1818 2 children </Td> <Td> 20 June 1837 Windsor Castle aged 71 </Td> <Td> Son of George III </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Victoria Alexandrina Victoria 20 June 1837--22 January 1901 </Td> <Td> 7004232260000000000 ♠ 63 years, 216 days </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 24 May 1819 Kensington Palace Daughter of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn and Princess Victoria of Saxe - Coburg - Saalfeld </Td> <Td> Albert of Saxe - Coburg and Gotha St James's Palace 10 February 1840 9 children </Td> <Td> 22 January 1901 Osborne House aged 81 </Td> <Td> Granddaughter of George III </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Th> Name Reign </Th> <Th> Length of Reign </Th> <Th> Portrait </Th> <Th> Arms </Th> <Th> Birth Parentage </Th> <Th> Marriage (s) Issue </Th> <Th> Death </Th> <Th> Succession right </Th> <Th> Ref </Th> </Tr>

Who was the queen of england in 1865