<P> During the early modern period, the power of the Parliament of England continually increased . Passage of the Petition of Right in 1628 and Habeas Corpus Act in 1679 established certain liberties for subjects . The idea of a political party took form with groups debating rights to political representation during the Putney Debates of 1647 . The English Civil War (1642--1651) was fought between the King and an oligarchic but elected Parliament . </P> <P> In the Glorious Revolution of 1688, a group of English Parliamentarians invited the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange - Nassau (William of Orange) to overthrow King James II of England (James VII of Scotland and James II of Ireland). William's successful invasion with a Dutch fleet and army led to James fleeing to France . In December 1688, William took over the provisional government by appointment of the peers of the realm, as was the legal right of the latter in circumstances when the King was incapacitated, and summoned an assembly of certain members of parliament . This assembly called for an English Convention Parliament to be elected, which convened on 22 January 1689 . </P> <P> The proposal to draw up a statement of rights and liberties and James's violation of them was first made on 29 January 1689 in the House of Commons, with members arguing that the House "cannot answer it to the nation or Prince of Orange till we declare what are the rights invaded" and that William "cannot take it ill if we make conditions to secure ourselves for the future" in order to "do justice to those who sent us hither". On 2 February a committee specially convened reported to the Commons 23 Heads of Grievances, which the Commons approved and added some of their own . However, on 4 February the Commons decided to instruct the committee to differentiate between "such of the general heads, as are introductory of new laws, from those that are declaratory of ancient rights". On 7 February the Commons approved this revised Declaration of Right, and on 8 February instructed the committee to put into a single text the Declaration (with the heads which were "introductory of new laws" removed), the resolution of 28 January and the Lords' proposal for a revised oath of allegiance . It passed the Commons without division . </P> <P> On 13 February the clerk of the House of Lords read the Declaration of Right, and the Marquess of Halifax, in the name of all the estates of the realm, asked William and Mary to accept the throne . William replied for his wife and himself: "We thankfully accept what you have offered us". They then went in procession to the great gate at Whitehall . The Garter King at Arms proclaimed them King and Queen of England, France and Ireland, whereupon they adjourned to the Chapel Royal, with the Bishop of London preaching the sermon . They were crowned on 11 April, swearing an oath to uphold the laws made by Parliament . The Coronation Oath Act 1688 had provided a new coronation oath, whereby the monarchs were to "solemnly promise and swear to govern the people of this kingdom of England, and the dominions thereunto belonging, according to the statutes in parliament agreed on, and the laws and customs of the same". They were also to maintain the laws of God, the true profession of the Gospel, and the Protestant Reformed faith established by law . This replaced an oath which had deferred more to the monarch . The previous oath required the monarch to rule based on "the laws and customs...granted by the Kings of England". </P>

When was the english bill of rights created