<P> Information bias is the cognitive bias that causes healthcare providers to order tests that produce information that they do not realistically expect or intend to use for the purpose of making a medical decision . Medical tests are indicated when the information they produce will be used . For example, a screening mammogram is not indicated (not medically appropriate) for a woman who is dying, because even if breast cancer is found, she will die before any cancer treatment could begin . </P> <P> In a simplified fashion, how much a test is indicated for an individual depends largely on its net benefit for that individual . Tests are chosen when the expected benefit is greater than the expected harm . The net benefit may roughly be estimated by: </P> <P> b n = Δ p × r i × (b i − h i) − h t (\ displaystyle b_ (n) = \ Delta p \ times r_ (i) \ times (b_ (i) - h_ (i)) - h_ (t)) </P> <P>, where: </P>

Which one of these terms is a diagnostic test