<P> Universal Design for Learning (UDL) is an educational framework based on research in the learning sciences, including cognitive neuroscience, that guides the development of flexible learning environments that can accommodate individual learning differences . </P> <P> Recognizing that the way individuals learn can be unique, the UDL framework, first defined by David H. Rose, Ed. D. of the Harvard Graduate School of Education and the Center for Applied Special Technology (CAST) in the 1990s, calls for creating curriculum from the outset that provides: </P> <Ul> <Li> Multiple means of representation to give learners various ways of acquiring information and knowledge, </Li> <Li> Multiple means of expression to provide learners alternatives for demonstrating what they know, and </Li> <Li> Multiple means of engagement to tap into learners' interests, challenge them appropriately, and motivate them to learn . </Li> </Ul> <Li> Multiple means of representation to give learners various ways of acquiring information and knowledge, </Li>

What are the three categories associated with the udl framework