<P> According to Professor Andrzej Kijko from the University of Pretoria's Natural Hazard Centre, mining can activate natural faults . He believes that 95% of South Africa's earthquakes are caused by mining, especially around the areas of Klerksdorp, Welkom and Carletonville . According to earth science consultant Dr Chris Hartnady, "This part of Africa is in the vicinity of the African Rift system, which is being pulled apart by a few millimetres annually ." He says "earthquakes are caused by a slip on a fault line and the release of stored elastic energy" and mining activity can trigger earthquakes . </P> <P> For earthquakes prior to the modern era, the magnitude and epicentre location are only approximate, and were calculated based on available reports from the time . The magnitude where given is measured using the Richter scale (M L (\ displaystyle M_ (L))) unless stated otherwise . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Th> Time (SAST) </Th> <Th> Epicentre </Th> <Th> M L (\ displaystyle M_ (L)) </Th> <Th> Depth </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 29 September 1969 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Near Tulbagh </Td> <Td> 6.3 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> The 1969 earthquake remains the most destructive earthquake in South African history . The earthquake occurred in the Tulbagh area and measured 6.3 on the Richter scale, stronger than that of the 1809 Cape Town earthquake which destroyed a local Milnerton farm . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 December 1976 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Welkom </Td> <Td> 5.2 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Four miners were killed . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 26 September 1990 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Welkom </Td> <Td> 4.2 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Two people were killed . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 March 2005 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Stilfontein, North West </Td> <Td> 5.3 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Two miners were killed underground . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 28 May 2013 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Near Mbabane </Td> <Td> 4.0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> The earthquake was felt in Newcastle and lasted about six seconds . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 22 June 2013 </Td> <Td> 07: 08 </Td> <Td> Thabazimbi, Limpopo </Td> <Td> 3.9 </Td> <Td> 9 km </Td> <Td> The earthquake was felt up in the Thabazimbi area . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 July 2013 </Td> <Td> 16: 52 </Td> <Td> Barberton, Mpumalanga </Td> <Td> 4.7 </Td> <Td> 5 km </Td> <Td> The earthquake was felt in the Barberton area . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 11 November 2013 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, Gauteng </Td> <Td> 4.0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> The earthquake was felt as far as parts of northern and southern Johannesburg and lasted for around 10--15 seconds . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2 December 2013 </Td> <Td> 21: 18 </Td> <Td> ~ 25 km south of Bela - Bela, Limpopo </Td> <Td> 4.8 </Td> <Td> 5 km </Td> <Td> The earthquake was felt as far as Parkhurst and Randburg in Johannesburg, Hartebeespoort Dam in North West, Witbank and KwaMhlanga in Mpumalanga, and Soshanguve near Pretoria . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 15 June 2014 </Td> <Td> 18: 16 </Td> <Td> Near Orkney, North West </Td> <Td> 4.9 M </Td> <Td> 5 km </Td> <Td> The earthquake was felt up to Potchefstroom . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 August 2014 </Td> <Td> 12: 22 </Td> <Td> Near Orkney, North West </Td> <Td> 5.5 </Td> <Td> 5.0 km </Td> <Td> The earthquake was felt as far as parts of Botswana and Durban, it lasted for around 90 sec . The local Council for Geoscience measured the earthquake at 5.5 on the Richter scale, while the United States Geological Survey recorded a moment magnitude of 5.4 . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 22 August 2014 </Td> <Td> 1: 14 </Td> <Td> Near Orange Farm, Gauteng </Td> <Td> 3.8 </Td> <Td> 10 km </Td> <Td> The second earthquake in South Africa in less than three weeks . No reports of injuries . <P> The Council for Geoscience (CGS) in South Africa reported an earthquake of 3.8 with two aftershocks occurring within minutes of each other of 3.2 and 2.0 respectively . </P> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Th> Time (SAST) </Th> <Th> Epicentre </Th> <Th> M L (\ displaystyle M_ (L)) </Th> <Th> Depth </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr>

Areas that are impacted by earthquakes in south africa
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