<P> Task of developing a constitution for the nation was undertaken by the Constituent Assembly of India, composing of elected representatives . The Constituent Assembly first met on 9 December 1946 under the presidency of Dr. Sachidanand later Dr. Rajendra Prasad was made its president . While members of Congress composed of a large majority, Congress leaders appointed persons from diverse political backgrounds to responsibilities of developing the constitution and national laws . Notably, Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar became the chairperson of the drafting committee, while Jawaharlal Nehru and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel became chairpersons of committees and sub-committees responsible for different subjects . A notable development during that period having significant effect on the Indian constitution took place on 10 December 1948 when the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and called upon all member states to adopt these rights in their respective constitutions . </P> <P> The fundamental rights were included in the First Draft Constitution (February 1948), the Second Draft Constitution (17 October 1948) and final Third Draft Constitution (26 November 1949), prepared by the Drafting Committee . </P> <P> The fundamental rights were included in the constitution because they were considered essential for the development of the personality of every individual and to preserve human dignity . The writers of the constitution regarded democracy of no avail if civil liberties, like freedom of speech and religion were not recognised and protected by the State . According to them, "democracy" is, in essence, a government by opinion and therefore, the means of formulating public opinion should be secured to the people of a democratic nation . For this purpose, the constitution guaranteed to all the citizens of India the freedom of speech and expression and various other freedoms in the form of the fundamental rights . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Rights </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Theoretical distinctions </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Claim rights and liberty rights </Li> <Li> Individual and group rights </Li> <Li> Natural and legal rights </Li> <Li> Negative and positive rights </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Human rights </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Civil and political </Li> <Li> Economic, social and cultural </Li> <Li> Three generations </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Rights by beneficiary </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Animals </Li> <Li> Authors </Li> <Li> Children </Li> <Li> Consumers </Li> <Li> Creditors </Li> <Li> Elders </Li> <Li> Fathers </Li> <Li> Fetuses </Li> <Li> Gun owners </Li> <Li> Humans </Li> <Li> Natives </Li> <Li> Intersex </Li> <Li> Kings </Li> <Li> LGBT </Li> <Li> Men </Li> <Li> Minorities </Li> <Li> Mothers </Li> <Li> Patients </Li> <Li> Plants </Li> <Li> Prisoners </Li> <Li> Self defense </Li> <Li> Students </Li> <Li> Victims </Li> <Li> Women </Li> <Li> Workers </Li> <Li> Youth </Li> <Li> Disabled persons </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other groups of rights </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Civil liberties </Li> <Li> Digital </Li> <Li> Linguistic </Li> <Li> Property </Li> <Li> Reproductive </Li> <Li> Self - determination of people </Li> <Li> Water and sanitation </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table>

Article 21 of the constitution of india guarantees