<P> However, liberal ministers were unable to establish central authority . Provisional governments in Venice and Milan quickly expressed desire to be part of an Italian confederacy of states; but for Venetian government this lasted five days only, after the 1848 armistice between Austria and Piedmont . A new Hungarian government in Pest announced its intentions to break away from the Empire and elect Ferdinand its King, and a Polish National Committee announced the same for the province of Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria . </P> <P> The victory of the party of movement was looked at as an opportunity for lower classes to renew old conflicts with greater anger and energy . Several tax boycotts and attempted murders of tax collectors occurred in Vienna . Assaults against soldiers were common, including against Radetzky's troops retreating from Milan . The archbishop of Vienna was forced to flee, and in Graz, the convent of the Jesuits was destroyed . </P> <P> The demands of nationalism and its contradictions became apparent as new national governments began declaring power and unity . Charles Albert of Sardinia, King of Piedmont - Savoy, initiated a nationalist war on March 23 in the Austrian held northern Italian provinces that would consume the attention of the entire peninsula . The German nationalist movement faced the question of whether or not Austria should be included in the united German state, a quandary that divided the Frankfurt National Assembly . The liberal ministers in Vienna were willing to allow elections for the German National Assembly in some of the Habsburg lands, but it was undetermined which Habsburg territories would participate . Hungary and Galicia were clearly not German; German nationalists (who dominated the Bohemian Diet) felt the old crown lands rightfully belonged to a united German state, despite the fact that the majority of the people of Bohemia and Moravia spoke Czech--a Slavic language . Czech nationalists viewed the language as far more significant, calling for a boycott of the Frankfurt Parliament elections in Bohemia, Moravia, and neighboring Austrian Silesia (also partly Czech - speaking). Tensions in Prague between German and Czech nationalists grew quickly between April and May . After the abolition of serfdom on April 17, Supreme Ruthenian Council was established in Galicia to promote the unification of ethnic Ukrainian lands of Eastern Galicia, Transcarpathia and Bukovyna in one province . Ukrainian language department was opened in Lviv University, and the first Ukrainian newspaper Zoria Halytska started publishing in Lviv on May 15, 1848 . On July 1, serfdom was also abolished in Bukovyna . </P> <P> By early summer, conservative regimes had been overthrown, new freedoms (including freedom of the press and freedom of association) had been introduced, and multiple nationalist claims had been exerted . New parliaments quickly held elections with broad franchise to create constituent assemblies, which would write new constitutions . The elections that were held produced unexpected results . The new voters, naïve and confused by their new political power, typically elected conservative or moderately liberal representatives . The radicals, the ones who supported the broadest franchise, lost under the system they advocated because they were not the locally influential and affluent men . The mixed results led to confrontations similar to the "June Days" uprising in Paris . Additionally, these constituent assemblies were charged with the impossible task of managing both the needs of the people of the state and determining what that state physically is at the same time . The Austrian Constituent Assembly was divided into a Czech faction, a German faction, and a Polish faction, and within each faction was the political left - right spectrum . Outside the Assembly, petitions, newspapers, mass demonstrations, and political clubs put pressure on their new governments and often expressed violently many of the debates that were occurring within the assembly itself . </P>

Who resisted nationalism in the austrian empire in the 1800s