<P> For both sides, the infantry unit structure above regimental level was similar to today's structure, with a brigade controlling three to five regiments and a division controlling two or more brigades . Federal brigades generally contained regiments from more than one state, while Confederate brigades often consisted of regiments from the same state . In the Confederate Army, a brigadier general usually commanded a brigade, and a major general commanded a division . The Federal Army, with no rank higher than major general until 1864, often had colonels commanding brigades, brigadier generals commanding divisions, and major generals commanding corps and armies . Grant received the revived rank of lieutenant general in 1864, placing him with clear authority over all of the Federal armies, but rank squabbles between the major generals appeared within the Union command structure throughout the Overland Campaign . </P> <P> The large numbers of organizations formed are a reflection of the politics of the time . The War Department in 1861 considered making recruitment a Federal responsibility, but this proposal seemed to be an unnecessary expense for the short war initially envisioned . Therefore, the responsibility for recruiting remained with the states, and on both sides state governors continually encouraged local constituents to form new volunteer regiments . This practice served to strengthen support for local, state, and national politicians and provided an opportunity for glory and high rank for ambitious men . Although such local recruiting created regiments with strong bonds among the men, it also hindered filing the ranks of existing regiments with new replacements . As the war progressed, the Confederates attempted to funnel replacements into units from their same state or region, but the Federals continued to create new regiments . Existing Federal regiments detailed men back home to recruit replacements, but these efforts could never successfully compete for men joining new local regiments . The newly formed regiments thus had no seasoned veterans to train the recruits, and the battle - tested regiments lost men faster than they could recruit replacements . Many regiments on both sides (particularly for the North) were reduced to combat ineffectiveness as the war progressed . Seasoned regiments were often disbanded or consolidated, usually against the wishes of the men assigned . </P> <Table> Federal and Confederate Organized Forces <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Federal </Td> <Td> Confederate </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Infantry </Td> <Td> 19 Regular Regiments </Td> <Td> 642 Regiments </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2,125 Volunteer Regiments </Td> <Td> 9 Legions" </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 60 Volunteer Battalions </Td> <Td> 163 Separate Battalions </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 351 Separate Companies </Td> <Td> 62 Separate Companies </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Artillery </Td> <Td> 5 Regular Regiments </Td> <Td> 16 Regiments </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 61 Volunteer Regiments </Td> <Td> 25 Battalions </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 17 Volunteer Battalions </Td> <Td> 227 Batteries </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 408 Separate Batteries </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cavalry </Td> <Td> 6 Regular Regiments </Td> <Td> 137 Regiments </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 266 Volunteer Regiments </Td> <Td> 1 Legion * </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 45 Battalions </Td> <Td> 143 Separate Battalions </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 78 Separate Companies </Td> <Td> 101 Separate Companies </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="3"> * Legions were a form of combined arms team, with artillery, cavalry, and infantry . They were approximately the strength of a large regiment . Long before the end of the war, legions lost their combined arms organisation . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Federal </Td> <Td> Confederate </Td> </Tr>

Who were the two armies in the civil war
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