<Dl> <Dd> "Buyer and seller meet as friends; there is no overreaching on one side, and no suspicion on the other...These crowds of humble working men, who never knew before when they put good food in their mouths, whose every dinner was adulterated, whose shoes let in the water a month too soon, whose waistcoats shone with devil's dust, and whose wives wore calico that would not wash, now buy in the markets like millionaires, and as far as pureness of food goes, live like lords ." </Dd> </Dl> <Dd> "Buyer and seller meet as friends; there is no overreaching on one side, and no suspicion on the other...These crowds of humble working men, who never knew before when they put good food in their mouths, whose every dinner was adulterated, whose shoes let in the water a month too soon, whose waistcoats shone with devil's dust, and whose wives wore calico that would not wash, now buy in the markets like millionaires, and as far as pureness of food goes, live like lords ." </Dd> <P> The modern era of retailing is defined as the period from the industrial revolution to the 21st century . In major cities, the department store emerged in the mid to late 19th century, and permanently reshaped shopping habits, and redefined concepts of service and luxury . The term, "department store" originated in America . In 19th century England, these stores were known as emporia or warehouse shops . A number of major department stores opened across the USA, Britain and Europe from the mid nineteenth century including; Harrod's of London in 1834; Kendall's in Manchester in 1836; Selfridges of London in 1909; Macy's of New York in 1858; Bloomingdale's in 1861; Sak's in 1867; J.C. Penney in 1902; Le Bon Marché of France in 1852 and Galeries Lafayette of France in 1905 . Other twentieth century innovations in retailing included chain stores, mail - order, multi-level marketing (pyramid selling or network marketing, c. 1920s), party plans (c. 1930s) and B2C e-commerce (cyber-peddling). </P> <P> Many of the early department stores were more than just a retail emporium; rather they were venues where shoppers could spend their leisure time and be entertained . Some department stores offered reading rooms, art galleries and concerts . Most department stores had tea - rooms or dining rooms and offered treatment areas where ladies could indulge in a manicure . The fashion show, which originated in the US in around 1907, became a staple feature event for many department stores and celebrity appearances were also used to great effect . Themed events featured wares from foreign shores, exposing shoppers to the exotic cultures of the Orient and Middle - East . </P>

What new outlets were available for selling consumer goods in the late 19th century
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