<P> In the twentieth century Scottish agriculture became susceptible to the ups and downs of world markets . There were dramatic price rises in the First World War, but a slump in the 1920s and 1930s, followed by more rises in World War II . In 1947 annual price reviews were introduced in an attempt to stabilise the market . After World War II there was a drive in UK agriculture to greater production until the late 1970s, resulting in intensive farming . More areas of marginal land were brought into production . There was increasing mechanisation of Scottish agriculture and farming became less labour - intensive . The UK membership of the European Economic Community (later the European Union) in 1972 began a change in orientation for Scottish farming . Some sectors, particularly hill sheep farming, became viable only with subsidies . A series of reforms to the CAP from the 1990s attempted to control over-production, limit incentives for intensive farming and mitigate environmental damage . A dual farm structure emerged, with agriculture divided between large commercial farms and small pluralised and diversified holdings . </P> <P> At the time of the June 2013 agricultural census the total area of agricultural holdings in Scotland was 5.6 million hectares, equal to 73 per cent of Scotland's total land area . Just over half of this was rough grazing, with about a quarter taken up by grass, and about ten per cent used for crops or left fallow . The remainder was made up of woodland, ponds, yards or other uses . There was a further 580,000 hectares of common grazing, which if included made the total area 6.2 million hectares, or 79 per cent of Scotland's total land area . Because of the persistence of feudalism and the land enclosures of the nineteenth century, the ownership of most land is concentrated in relatively few hands (some 350 people own about half the land). As a result, in 2003 the Scottish Parliament passed a Land Reform Act that empowered tenant farmers and communities to purchase land even if the landlord did not want to sell . </P> <P> In June 2013, of crops grown in Scotland (excluding grass), cereals accounted for 78 per cent of the land area, with nearly three - quarters of that being barley (340,000 hectares). Wheat was also significant (87,000 hectares), along with oilseed rape (34,000 hectares), oats (32,000 hectares) and potatoes (29,000 hectares). Amongst fruit and vegetables, a total of 911 hectares of strawberries were grown, mainly under cover, which was the largest source of income amongst horticulture crops . The major areas of cereal production were Grampian, Tayside, Borders, Lothian and Fife . </P> <P> Livestock numbers have been falling in recent years . The trend began at the turn of the millennium in the case of pigs and sheep and dates to the mid-1970s in the case of cattle . In June 2013 there were 6.6 million sheep, 1.8 million cattle and 308,000 pigs, the lowest numbers since the 1940 and 1950s . Poultry numbers have tended to fluctuate over the last 25 years, but were down to 14.2 million in 2013 . </P>

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