<Li> In Panel 3, the membrane voltage has grown to the extent that its "strength" now matches the concentration gradient's . Since these forces (which are applied to K) are now the same strength and oriented in opposite directions, the system is now in equilibrium . Put another way, the tendency of potassium to leave the cell by running down its concentration gradient is now matched by the tendency of the membrane voltage to pull potassium ions back into the cell . K continues to move across the membrane, but the rate at which it enters and leaves the cell are the same, thus, there is no net potassium current . Because the K is at equilibrium, membrane potential is stable, or "resting" (E). </Li> <P> The resting voltage is the result of several ion - translocating enzymes (uniporters, cotransporters, and pumps) in the plasma membrane, steadily operating in parallel, whereby each ion - translocator has its characteristic electromotive force (= reversal potential =' equilibrium voltage'), depending on the particular substrate concentrations inside and outside (internal ATP included in case of some pumps). H exporting ATPase render the membrane voltage in plants and fungi much more negative than in the more extensively investigated animal cells, where the resting voltage is mainly determined by selective ion channels . </P> <P> In most neurons the resting potential has a value of approximately − 70 mV . The resting potential is mostly determined by the concentrations of the ions in the fluids on both sides of the cell membrane and the ion transport proteins that are in the cell membrane . How the concentrations of ions and the membrane transport proteins influence the value of the resting potential is outlined below . </P> <P> The resting potential of a cell can be most thoroughly understood by thinking of it in terms of equilibrium potentials . In the example diagram here, the model cell was given only one permeant ion (potassium). In this case, the resting potential of this cell would be the same as the equilibrium potential for potassium . </P>

How does a neuron establish resting membrane potential
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