<Tr> <Td> 255 </Td> <Td> 16 June 1846--7 Feb 1878 (7004115590000000000 ♠ 31 years, 236 days) (11559) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Bl . Pius IX Papa PIUS Nonus </Td> <Td> Count Giovanni Maria Mastai - Ferretti, O.F.S. </Td> <Td> 13 May 1792 Senigallia, Marche, Papal States </Td> <Td> 54 / 85 </Td> <Td> Italian . Opened the First Vatican Council; lost the Papal States to Italy . Defined the dogma of the Immaculate Conception and defined papal infallibility . Issued the controversial Syllabus of Errors . Second longest serving pope in history after Saint Peter . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 256 </Td> <Td> 20 Feb 1878--20 July 1903 (7003928000000000000 ♠ 25 years, 150 days) (9280) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Leo XIII Papa LEO Tertius Decimus </Td> <Td> Gioacchino Vincenzo Raffaele Luigi Pecci, O.F.S. </Td> <Td> 2 March 1810 Carpineto Romano, Lazio, Italy </Td> <Td> 67 / 93 </Td> <Td> Italian . Issued the encyclical Rerum novarum; supported Christian democracy against Communism . Had the fourth - longest reign after Pius IX, Saint Peter and John Paul II . Promoted the rosary and the scapular and approved two new Marian scapulars; first pope to fully embrace the concept of Mary as mediatrix . </Td> </Tr> <Table> Popes of the 20th century <Tr> <Th> Pontiff number </Th> <Th> Pontificate </Th> <Th> Portrait </Th> <Th> Name: English Latin </Th> <Th> Personal name </Th> <Th> Place of birth </Th> <Th> Age at start / end of papacy </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 257 </Td> <Td> 4 Aug 1903--20 Aug 1914 (7003403400000000000 ♠ 11 years, 16 days) (4034) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> St Pius X Papa PIUS Decimus </Td> <Td> Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto, O.F.S. </Td> <Td> 2 June 1835 Riese, Treviso, Kingdom of Lombardy--Venetia </Td> <Td> 68 / 79 </Td> <Td> Motto: Instaurare Omnia in Christo ("Restore all things in Christ") <P> Italian . Encouraged and expanded reception of the Eucharist . Combatted Modernism; issued the oath against it . Advocated the Gregorian Chant and reformed the Roman Breviary . </P> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 258 </Td> <Td> 3 Sept 1914--22 Jan 1922 (7003269800000000000 ♠ 7 years, 141 days) (2698) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Benedict XV Papa BENEDICTUS Quintus Decimus </Td> <Td> Giacomo Paolo Giovanni Battista Della Chiesa, O.F.S. </Td> <Td> 21 Nov 1854 Pegli, Genoa, Kingdom of Sardinia </Td> <Td> 59 / 67 </Td> <Td> Motto: In te, Domine, speravi: non confundar in aeternum . ("In thee, o Lord, have I trusted: let me not be confounded for evermore .") <P> Italian . Credited for intervening for peace during World War I. Issued the 1917 Code of Canon Law; supported the missionaries in Maximum Illud . Remembered by Benedict XVI as a "prophet of peace". </P> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 259 </Td> <Td> 6 Feb 1922--10 Feb 1939 (7003621300000000000 ♠ 17 years, 4 days) (6213) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Pius XI Papa PIUS Undecimus </Td> <Td> Achille Ambrogio Damiano Ratti, O.F.S. </Td> <Td> 31 May 1857 Desio, Milan, Kingdom of Lombardy--Venetia </Td> <Td> 64 / 81 </Td> <Td> Motto: Pax Christi in Regno Christi ("The Peace of Christ in the Kingdom of Christ") <P> Italian . Signed the Lateran Treaty with Italy (1929) establishing Vatican City as a sovereign state . Inaugurated Vatican Radio (1931). Re-founded the Pontifical Academy of Sciences (1936). Created the feast of Christ the King . Opposed Communism and Nazism . </P> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 260 </Td> <Td> 2 March 1939--9 Oct 1958 (7003716100000000000 ♠ 19 years, 221 days) (7161) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Ven . Pius XII Papa PIUS Duodecimus </Td> <Td> Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli, O.F.S. </Td> <Td> 2 March 1876 Rome, Italy </Td> <Td> 63 / 82 </Td> <Td> Motto: Opus Justitiae Pax ("The work of justice (shall be) peace") <P> Italian . Invoked papal infallibility in the encyclical Munificentissimus Deus; defined the dogma of the Assumption . Eliminated the Italian majority of cardinals . Credited with intervening for peace during World War II; controversial for his reactions to the Holocaust . </P> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 261 </Td> <Td> 28 Oct 1958--3 June 1963 (7003167900000000000 ♠ 4 years, 218 days) (1679) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> St John XXIII Papa IOANNES Vicesimus Tertius </Td> <Td> Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli, O.F.S. </Td> <Td> 25 Nov 1881 Sotto il Monte, Bergamo, Italy </Td> <Td> 76 / 81 </Td> <Td> Motto: Obedientia et Pax ("Obedience and peace") <P> Italian . Opened the Second Vatican Council; called "Good Pope John". Issued the encyclical Pacem in terris (1963) on peace and nuclear disarmament; intervened for peace during the Cuban Missile Crisis (1962). </P> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 262 </Td> <Td> 21 June 1963--6 Aug 1978 (7003552500000000000 ♠ 15 years, 46 days) (5525) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Bl . Paul VI Papa PAULUS Sextus </Td> <Td> Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini </Td> <Td> 26 Sept 1897 Concesio, Brescia, Italy </Td> <Td> 65 / 80 </Td> <Td> Motto: Cum Ipso in Monte ("With Him on the mount") <P> Italian . Last pope to be crowned in a coronation with the tiara . First pope to travel to the United States and Australia; first pope since 1809 to travel outside Italy . Closed the Second Vatican Council . Issued the encyclical Humanae vitae (1968) condemning artificial contraception . </P> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 263 </Td> <Td> 26 Aug 1978--28 Sept 1978 (7001330000000000000 ♠ 33 days) (33) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Ven . John Paul I Papa IOANNES PAULUS Primus </Td> <Td> Albino Luciani </Td> <Td> 17 Oct 1912 Forno di Canale, Belluno, Italy </Td> <Td> 65 / 65 </Td> <Td> Motto: Humilitas ("Humility") <P> Italian . Abolished the coronation opting for the Papal Inauguration . First pope to use' the First' in papal name; first with two names for two immediate predecessors . Last pope to use the Sedia Gestatoria . </P> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 264 </Td> <Td> 16 Oct 1978--2 April 2005 (7003966500000000000 ♠ 26 years, 168 days) (9665) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> St John Paul II (John Paul the Great) Papa IOANNES PAULUS Secundus </Td> <Td> Karol Józef Wojtyla </Td> <Td> 20 May 1920 Wadowice, Poland </Td> <Td> 58 / 84 </Td> <Td> Motto: Totus Tuus ("Totally yours") <P> First Polish pope and first non-Italian pope since Adrian VI (1522--1523). Traveled extensively, visiting 129 countries during his pontificate . Third longest reign after Pius IX and Saint Peter . Founded World Youth Day (1984) and the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences (1994). Canonized more saints than all his predecessors . Youngest individual to start his papacy since Pius IX (1846). </P> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Th> Pontiff number </Th> <Th> Pontificate </Th> <Th> Portrait </Th> <Th> Name: English Latin </Th> <Th> Personal name </Th> <Th> Place of birth </Th> <Th> Age at start / end of papacy </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr>

Pope who was first sovereign of vatican city