<P> Brandeis University, the only nonsectarian Jewish - sponsored college university in the world, created the Transitional Year Program (TYP) in 1968, in part response to Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King's assassination . The faculty created it to renew the university's commitment to social justice . Recognizing Brandeis as a university with a commitment to academic excellence, these faculty members created a chance to disadvantaged students to participate in an empowering educational experience . </P> <P> The American Jewish Committee, American Jewish Congress, and Anti-Defamation League (ADL) actively promoted civil rights . While Jews were very active in the civil rights movement in the South, in the North, many had experienced a more strained relationship with African Americans . In communities experiencing white flight, racial rioting, and urban decay, Jewish Americans were more often the last remaining whites in the communities most affected . It has been argued that with Black militancy and the Black Power movements on the rise, "Black Anti-Semitism" increased leading to strained relations between Blacks and Jews in Northern communities . In New York City, most notably, there was a major socio - economic class difference in the perception of African Americans by Jews . Jews from better educated Upper Middle Class backgrounds were often very supportive of African American civil rights activities while the Jews in poorer urban communities that became increasingly minority were often less supportive largely in part due to more negative and violent interactions between the two groups . </P> <P> According to political scientist Michael Rogin, Jewish - Black hostility was a two - way street extending to earlier decades . In the post-World War II era, Jews were granted white privilege and most moved into the middle - class while Blacks were left behind in the ghetto . Urban Jews engaged in the same sort of conflicts with Blacks--over integration busing, local control of schools, housing, crime, communal identity, and class divides--that other white ethnics did, leading to Jews participating in white flight . The culmination of this was the 1968 New York City teachers' strike, pitting largely Jewish schoolteachers against predominantly Black parents in Brownsville, New York . </P> <P> Many Jewish individuals in the Southern states who supported civil rights for African Americans tended to keep a low profile on "the race issue", in order to avoid attracting the attention of the anti-Black and antisemitic Ku Klux Klan . However, Klan groups exploited the issue of African - American integration and Jewish involvement in the struggle to launch acts of violent antisemitism . As an example of this hatred, in one year alone, from November 1957 to October 1958, temples and other Jewish communal gatherings were bombed and desecrated in Atlanta, Nashville, Jacksonville, and Miami, and dynamite was found under synagogues in Birmingham, Charlotte, and Gastonia, North Carolina . Some rabbis received death threats, but there were no injuries following these outbursts of violence . </P>

Which of the following was not a strategy of civil rights organizations in 1960s america