<P> The cinematographer was Arthur Edeson, a veteran who had previously shot The Maltese Falcon and Frankenstein . Particular attention was paid to photographing Bergman . She was shot mainly from her preferred left side, often with a softening gauze filter and with catch lights to make her eyes sparkle; the whole effect was designed to make her face seem "ineffably sad and tender and nostalgic". Bars of shadow across the characters and in the background variously imply imprisonment, the crucifix, the symbol of the Free French Forces and emotional turmoil . Dark film noir and expressionist lighting was used in several scenes, particularly towards the end of the picture . Rosenzweig argues these shadow and lighting effects are classic elements of the Curtiz style, along with the fluid camera work and the use of the environment as a framing device . </P> <P> The music was written by Max Steiner, who was best known for the score for Gone with the Wind . The song "As Time Goes By" by Herman Hupfeld had been part of the story from the original play; Steiner wanted to write his own composition to replace it, but Bergman had already cut her hair short for her next role (María in For Whom the Bell Tolls) and could not re-shoot the scenes which incorporated the song, so Steiner based the entire score on it and "La Marseillaise", the French national anthem, transforming them as leitmotifs to reflect changing moods . </P> <P> Particularly memorable is the "duel of the songs" between Strasser and Laszlo at Rick's cafe . In the soundtrack, "La Marseillaise" is played by a full orchestra . Originally, the opposing piece for this iconic sequence was to be the "Horst Wessel Lied", a Nazi anthem, but this was still under international copyright in non-Allied countries . Instead "Die Wacht am Rhein" was used . The "Deutschlandlied", the national anthem of Germany, features in the final scene, in which it gives way to "La Marseillaise" after Strasser is shot . </P> <P> Other songs include: </P>

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