<P> A few English verbs, particularly those concerned with financial transactions, take four arguments, as in "Pat sold Chris a lawnmower for $20" or "Chris paid Pat $20 for a lawnmower". </P> <P> Weather verbs often appear to be impersonal (subjectless, or avalent) in null - subject languages like Spanish, where the verb llueve means "It rains". In English, French and German, they require a dummy pronoun, and therefore formally have a valency of 1 . However, as verbs in Spanish incorporate the subject as a TAM suffix, Spanish is not actually a null - subject language, unlike Mandarin (see above). Such verbs in Spanish also have a valency of 1 . </P> <P> Intransitive and transitive verbs are the most common, but the impersonal and objective verbs are somewhat different from the norm . In the objective the verb takes an object but no subject; the nonreferent subject in some uses may be marked in the verb by an incorporated dummy pronoun similar to that used with the English weather verbs . Impersonal verbs in null subject languages take neither subject nor object, as is true of other verbs, but again the verb may show incorporated dummy pronouns despite the lack of subject and object phrases . </P> <P> Verbs are often flexible with regard to valency . In non-valency marking languages such as English, a transitive verb can often drop its object and become intransitive; or an intransitive verb can take an object and become transitive . For example, in English the verb move has no grammatical object in he moves (though in this case, the subject itself may be an implied object, also expressible explicitly as in he moves himself); but in he moves the car, the subject and object are distinct and the verb has a different valency . Some verbs in English, however, have historically derived forms that show change of valency in some causative verbs, such as fall - fell - fallen: fell - felled - felled; rise - rose - risen: raise - raised - raised; cost - cost - cost: cost - costed - costed . </P>

Write a detailed note on the grammatical categories associated with the english verb