<P> To establish a duty of care, the plaintiff has to satisfy the requirement of CLA Act ss 27 - 33 . In light of this, a large number of individuals cannot claim injuries as well . Meanwhile, compared to the' No - Fault Compensation' system in New Zealand, the cost to claim injuries is much higher . In light of this, individuals especially the victims who lack knowledge or capability may choose not claim private nuisance after balancing the burden and outcomes . This view affirmed by Regina Graycar, he states that the courts in Australia are reluctant to award damages for personal injuries . </P> <P> In New South Wales, a plaintiff is able to recover for non-economic loss, including pain and suffering, loss of amenities / expectation of life and disfigurement, upon the severity of the loss being at least 15% of' most extreme case' . As of October 2016, NSW Attorney General, Gabrielle Upton, has updated the maximum amount of damages for non-economic loss from $594,000 to $605,000 . </P> <P> On 27 March 2017, the French National Assembly adopted a law entitled "Devoir de vigilance des entreprises donneuses d'ordre", whose title has been translated into English as a "duty of vigilance" or "duty of care". </P> <P> The law will oblige large French companies (companies with at least 5,000 staff in France or 10,000 staff within their combined French and foreign offices over two consecutive years) to: </P>

When does a duty to protect against crime arise