<P> The Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) is a charity operating in England and Wales that promotes animal welfare . In 2012, the RSPCA investigated 150,833 cruelty complaints . It is the oldest and largest animal welfare organisation in the world and is one of the largest charities in the UK, with 1,667 employees (as of 2011). The organisation also does international outreach work across Europe, Africa and Asia . </P> <P> The charity's work has inspired the creation of similar groups in other jurisdictions, starting with the Ulster Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (founded in 1836), and including the Scottish Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (1839), the Dublin Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (1840), the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (1866), the Royal New Zealand Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (1882), and various groups which eventually came together as the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Australia (1981), the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (Hong Kong) (1997)--formerly known as the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (Hong Kong) (1903--1997). </P> <P> The RSPCA is funded primarily by voluntary donations . In 2012, RSPCA total income was £ 132,803,000 and total expenditure was £ 121,464,000, giving a net income of £ 11,339,000 . Its patron is Queen Elizabeth II . </P> <P> The emergence of the RSPCA has its roots in the intellectual climate of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century in Britain where opposing views were exchanged in print concerning the use of animals . The harsh use and maltreatment of animals in hauling carriages, scientific experiments (including vivisection), and cultural amusements of fox - hunting, bull - baiting and cock - fighting were among some of the matters that were debated by social reformers, clergy, and parliamentarians . At the beginning of the nineteenth century there was an unsuccessful attempt by William Johnstone Pulteney on 18 April 1800 to pass legislation through England's Parliament to ban the practice of bull - baiting . In 1809 Lord Erskine (1750 - 1823) introduced an anti-cruelty bill which was passed in the House of Lords but was defeated in a vote in the House of Commons . Erskine in his parliamentary speech combined the vocabulary of animal rights and trusteeship with a theological appeal to biblical passages opposing cruelty . A later attempt to pass anti-cruelty legislation was spearheaded by the Irish - born parliamentarian Richard Martin and in 1822 an anti-cruelty to cattle bill (sometimes called Martin's Act) became law . </P>

Where does the rspca get its money from