<P> The Holy Rosary (/ ˈroʊzəri /; Latin: rosarium, in the sense of "crown of roses" or "garland of roses"), also known as the Dominican Rosary, refers to a form of prayer used in the Catholic Church and to the string of knots or beads used to count the component prayers . When used for the prayer, the word is usually capitalized ("the Rosary"), as is customary for other names of prayers, such as "the Lord's Prayer", and "the Hail Mary"; when referring to the beads, it is written with a lower - case initial letter ("a rosary"). </P> <P> The prayers that comprise the Rosary are arranged in sets of ten Hail Marys, called decades . Each decade is preceded by one Lord's Prayer and followed by one Glory Be . During recitation of each set, thought is given to one of the Mysteries of the Rosary, which recall events in the lives of Jesus and Mary . Five decades are recited per rosary . Other prayers are sometimes added before or after each decade . Rosary beads are an aid towards saying these prayers in the proper sequence . </P> <P> A standard 15 Mysteries of the Rosary, based on the long - standing custom, was established by Pope Pius V during the 16th century, grouping the mysteries in three sets: the Joyful Mysteries, the Sorrowful Mysteries, and the Glorious Mysteries . During 2002 Pope John Paul II said that it is fitting that a new set of five be added, termed the Luminous Mysteries, bringing the total number of mysteries to 20 . The Glorious mysteries are said on Sunday and Wednesday, the Joyful on Monday and Saturday, the Sorrowful on Tuesday and Friday, and the Luminous Mysteries are said on Thursday . Usually five decades are recited in a session . </P> <P> For more than four centuries, the rosary has been promoted by several popes as part of the veneration of Mary in Roman Catholicism, and consisting essentially in meditation on the life of Christ . The rosary also represents the Roman Catholic emphasis on "participation in the life of Mary, whose focus was Christ", and the Mariological theme "to Christ through Mary ." </P>

When did the luminous mysteries become part of the rosary