<P> The Kinetoscope was also gaining notice on the other side of the Atlantic . In the summer of 1894, it was demonstrated at 20, boulevard Poissonnière in Paris; this was one of the primary inspirations to the Lumière brothers, who would go on to develop the first commercially successful movie projection system . On October 17, 1894, the first Kinetoscope parlor outside the United States opened in London . Dissemination of the system proceeded rapidly in Europe, as Edison had left his patents unprotected overseas . The most likely reason was the technology's reliance on a variety of foreign innovations and a consequent belief that patent applications would have little chance of success . An alternative view, however, used to be popular: The 1971 edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica, for instance, claims that Edison "apparently thought so little of his invention that he failed to pay the $150 that would have granted him an international copyright (sic)." As recently as 2004, Andrew Rausch stated that Edison "balked at a $150 fee for overseas patents" and "saw little commercial value in the Kinetoscope ." Given that Edison, as much a businessman as an inventor, spent approximately $24,000 on the system's development and went so far as to build a facility expressly for moviemaking before his U.S. patent was awarded, Rausch's interpretation is not widely shared by present - day scholars . Whatever the cause, two Greek entrepreneurs, George Georgiades and George Tragides, took advantage of the opening . Already successfully operating a pair of London movie parlors with Edison Kinetoscopes, they commissioned English inventor and manufacturer Robert W. Paul to make copies of them . After fulfilling the Georgiades--Tragides contract, Paul decided to go into the movie business himself, proceeding to make dozens of additional Kinetoscope reproductions . Paul's work would result in a series of important innovations in both camera and exhibition technology . Meanwhile, plans were advancing at the Black Maria to realize Edison's goal of a motion picture system uniting image with sound . </P> <P> The Kinetophone (aka Phonokinetoscope) was an early attempt by Edison and Dickson to create a sound - film system . Reports suggest that in July 1893, a Kinetoscope accompanied by a cylinder phonograph had been presented at the Chicago World's Fair . The first known movie made as a test of the Kinetophone was shot at Edison's New Jersey studio in late 1894 or early 1895, which is now referred to as The Dickson Experimental Sound Film; this film, along with a short film from 1913 called Nursery Favorites and a 1912 demonstration film, are the only surviving movies with live - recorded sound made for the Kinetophone . In March 1895, Edison offered the device for sale; involving no technological innovations, it was a Kinetoscope whose modified cabinet included an accompanying cylinder phonograph . Kinetoscope owners were also offered kits with which to retrofit their equipment . The first Kinetophone exhibitions appear to have taken place in April . Though a Library of Congress educational website states, "The picture and sound were made somewhat synchronous by connecting the two with a belt," this is incorrect . As historian David Robinson describes, "The Kinetophone...made no attempt at synchronization . The viewer listened through tubes to a phonograph concealed in the cabinet and performing approximately appropriate music or other sound ." Historian Douglas Gomery concurs, "(Edison) did not try to synchronize sound and image ." Leading production sound mixer Mark Ulano writes, "(O) nly 45 Kinetophones were made . They did NOT play synchronously other than the phonograph turned on when viewing and off when stopped ." Though the surviving Dickson test involves live - recorded sound, certainly most, and probably all, of the films marketed for the Kinetophone were shot as silents, predominantly march or dance subjects; exhibitors could then choose from a variety of musical cylinders offering a rhythmic match . For example, three different cylinders with orchestral performances were proposed as accompaniments for Carmencita: "Valse Santiago", "La Paloma", and "Alma - Danza Spagnola". </P> <P> Even as Edison followed his dream of securing the Kinetoscope's popularity by adding sound to its allure, many in the field were beginning to suspect that film projection was the next step that should be pursued . When Norman Raff communicated his customers' interest in such a system to Edison, the great inventor summarily rejected the notion: </P> <P> No, if we make this screen machine that you are asking for, it will spoil everything . We are making these peep show machines and selling a lot of them at a good profit . If we put out a screen machine there will be a use for maybe about ten of them in the whole United States . With that many screen machines you could show the pictures to everybody in the country--and then it would be done . Let's not kill the goose that lays the golden egg . </P>

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