<P> Though waste heat recovery systems are being used frequently among all the devices but still some issues like their low efficiency at lower heat supply rates and high pumping losses remain a cause of concern for the researchers . </P> <P> One way to increase engine power is to force more air into the cylinder so that more power can be produced from each power stroke . This can be done using some type of air compression device known as a supercharger, which can be powered by the engine crankshaft . </P> <P> Supercharging increases the power output limits of an internal combustion engine relative to its displacement . Most commonly, the supercharger is always running, but there have been designs that allow it to be cut out or run at varying speeds (relative to engine speed). Mechanically driven supercharging has the disadvantage that some of the output power is used to drive the supercharger, while power is wasted in the high pressure exhaust, as the air has been compressed twice and then gains more potential volume in the combustion but it is only expanded in one stage . </P> <P> A turbocharger is a supercharger that is driven by the engine's exhaust gases, by means of a turbine . It consists of a two piece, high - speed turbine assembly with one side that compresses the intake air, and the other side that is powered by the exhaust gas outflow . </P>

Working principle of 4 stroke diesel engine pdf