<P> The first supernatural item introduced in Part 1 Phantom Blood is the Stone Mask (石 仮面, Ishikamen), an artifact discovered in Aztec ruins that seems to react with blood . It is soon revealed that when it is worn by someone and blood is spilled on it, the Stone Mask produces spikes that drive themselves into the wearer's skull, hitting accupuncture points that transform them into an immortal Vampire (吸血鬼, Kyūketsuki). These Vampires drain people of their blood through their fangs or their fingers and seemingly have full control of their bodies, able to heal from most injuries and even make it so they can combine other creatures into abominations, such as Dio Brando's tendency to put human heads on animal bodies . A Vampire can only be killed by destroying the head, as the vampirism is held in the brain, or by exposure to natural sunlight or ultraviolet rays . The Ripple (波紋, Hamon) is introduced as a martial arts technique that allows the user to focus bodily energy into other kinds of energy via proper breathing, and it is effective in combating Vampires as experienced Ripple users can emulate sunlight . Such energy is also useful in combating the Vampires' Zombies (屍 生 人 (ゾンビ), Zonbi, also referred to as "Undead" (亡者 (アンデッド), Andeddo)), which Vampires can create by imparting some of their vampiric essence into the once living or even the long deceased . </P> <P> Part 2 Battle Tendency introduces the Pillar Men (柱 の 男, Hashira no Otoko), an ancient race of apex predators and progenitors to the Vampires as one of their members created the Stone Masks in an attempt to find a way to bypass their species' weakness to sunlight so they may rule Earth . When they are exposed to sunlight, they turn to stone, thus making them susceptible to the energies of the Ripple . Their remaining members, as the rest were slaughtered for trying to prevent them from rising to power, seek out the Red Stone of Aja (エイジャ の 赤石, Eija no Sekiseki), a naturally occurring gem that amplifies light into nearly laser precision, as its power is able to perfect the transformation into a truly immortal being with control over all life's forces . However, only a flawless stone can produce these results, and it is for this reason that the Ripple users protect the flawless Super Aja so it can never fall into the hands of the Pillar Men . </P> <P> Part 3 Stardust Crusaders begins by introducing the supernatural power of Stands (スタンド, Sutando), so named because the semi-physical manifestation of the user's psychic powers resembles a spiritual familiar standing next to them . When first presented, Joseph Joestar refers to it as a "Ghostly Ripple" (幽 波紋 (スタンド), Sutando, but without furigana it would be pronounced yū hamon); it could conjecturally be said to be a semi-physical manifestation of one's Ripple powers . The exact requirements for a person to obtain a Stand are unclear, although the series hints that it can be linked to bloodlines, rigorous spiritual and / or Ripple training, and / or exceptionally strong willpower, desire and / or passion . A Stand may never manifest itself in one's life until it is amplified by certain conditions or factors . However, not everyone able to manifest a Stand has the ability to control it; despite her father Joseph Joestar and her son Jotaro Kujo being powerful Stand users, Holly Kujo, due to her lack of physical strength, resolve, and her peaceful nature, is brought to the brink of death by her Stand, which saps away her life in an attempt to manifest itself . Generally, destroying a Stand will result in the death of its user . Likewise, if the Stand user is incapacitated, the Stand will no longer be a threat . There are instances of automatic Stands that act on the user's subconscious level until recognized, and there are rare cases of Stands that exist after the user's death, becoming nigh unstoppable and unpredictable without anyone controlling it . Some Stands appear to have a separate and autonomous personality from their users, able to act on their own to protect them or speak to them . </P> <P> A Stand can also be brought forth after one is pierced by the Bow and Arrow (弓 と 矢, Yumi to Ya), forged from a mysterious meteorite that made its way to Earth after being drawn in by the spiritual powers of the planet's inhabitants . The Bow and Arrow was hinted at in Part 3 and retroactively introduced in Part 4 Diamond Is Unbreakable; they were expanded upon in Part 5 Vento Aureo as being discovered on an archaeological dig by the villain Diavolo, who sold five Arrows to Enya the Hag of Part 3 and kept one for himself . However, using the Arrows is often a gamble, as it could easily kill an unqualified person, and there is no apparent way to know if a person is qualified ahead of time; the Arrows do, however, tend to seek out qualified people on their own if there is someone to guide them . The Arrows also have the ability to make a Stand even more powerful if its user is hit with the Arrow; such an event causes the Stand of Part 4's Yoshikage Kira to develop a nearly unstoppable ability . However, if a Stand is struck by an Arrow, the Stand's powers are increased to such a limitless extent that it becomes a brand new "Requiem" (鎮魂歌 (レクイエム), Rekuiemu) Stand, achieving limitless powers . </P>

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