<P> Karkoṭa Empire (625 CE--885 CE) was a powerful Hindu empire, which originated in the region of Kashmir . It was founded by Durlabhvardhana during the lifetime of Harsha . The dynasty marked the rise of Kashmir as a power in South Asia . Avanti Varman ascended the throne of Kashmir on 855 CE, establishing the Utpala dynasty and ending the rule of Karkoṭa dynasty . </P> <P> According to tradition, Adi Shankara visited the pre-existing Sarvajñapīṭha (Sharada Peeth) in Kashmir in the late 8th century or early 9th century CE . The Madhaviya Shankaravijayam states this temple had four doors for scholars from the four cardinal directions . The southern door of Sarvajna Pitha was opened by Adi Shankara . According to tradition, Adi Shankara opened the southern door by defeating in debate all the scholars there in all the various scholastic disciplines such as Mīmāṃsā, Vedanta and other branches of Hindu philosophy; he ascended the throne of Transcendent wisdom of that temple . </P> <P> Abhinavagupta (c. 950--1020 CE) was one of India's greatest philosophers, mystics and aestheticians . He was also considered an important musician, poet, dramatist, exegete, theologian, and logician--a polymathic personality who exercised strong influences on Indian culture . He was born in the Kashmir Valley in a family of scholars and mystics and studied all the schools of philosophy and art of his time under the guidance of as many as fifteen (or more) teachers and gurus . In his long life he completed over 35 works, the largest and most famous of which is Tantrāloka, an encyclopaedic treatise on all the philosophical and practical aspects of Trika and Kaula (known today as Kashmir Shaivism). Another one of his very important contributions was in the field of philosophy of aesthetics with his famous Abhinavabhāratī commentary of Nāṭyaśāstra of Bharata Muni . </P> <P> In the 10th century Mokshopaya or Moksopaya Shastra, a philosophical text on salvation for non-ascetics (moksa - upaya:' means to release'), was written on the Pradyumna hill in Srinagar . It has the form of a public sermon and claims human authorship and contains about 30,000 shloka's (making it longer than the Ramayana). The main part of the text forms a dialogue between Vashistha and Rama, interchanged with numerous short stories and anecdotes to illustrate the content . This text was later (11th to the 14th century CE) expanded and vedanticised, which resulted in the Yoga Vasistha . </P>

Write a brief note on politics in kashmir after 1948