<P> The list of organisms by chromosome count describes ploidy or numbers of chromosomes in the cells of various plants, animals, protists, and other living organisms . This number, along with the visual appearance of the chromosome, is known as the karyotype, and can be found by looking at the chromosomes through a microscope . Attention is paid to their length, the position of the centromeres, banding pattern, any differences between the sex chromosomes, and any other physical characteristics . The preparation and study of karyotypes is part of cytogenetics . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Organism (Scientific name) </Th> <Th> Chromosome number </Th> <Th> Picture </Th> <Th> Karyotype </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> <Th> Source </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Jack jumper ant (Myrmecia pilosula) </Th> <Td> 02 / 1! 2 / 1 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2 for females, males are haploid and thus have 1; smallest number possible . Other ant species have more chromosomes . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Australian daisy (Brachyscome dichromosomatica) </Th> <Td> 12! 12 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> This species can have more B chromosomes than A chromosomes at times, but 2n = 4 . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Spider mite (Tetranychidae) </Th> <Td> 04! 4--14 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Spider mites (family Tetranychidae) are typically haplodiploidy (males are haploid, while females are diploid) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Yellowfever mosquito (Aedes aegypti) </Th> <Td> 06! 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> The 2n = 6 chromosome number is conserved in the entire family Culicidae, except in Chagasia bathana, which has 2n = 8 . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Indian muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak) </Th> <Td> 06 / 7! 6 / 7 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2n = 6 for females and 7 for males . The lowest diploid chromosomal number in mammals . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Hieracium </Th> <Td> 08! 8 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) </Th> <Td> 08! 8 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 autosomal, and 2 sexual </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Macrostomum lignano (Macrostomum lignano) </Th> <Td> 08! 8 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana) </Th> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Swamp wallaby (Wallabia bicolor) </Th> <Td> 10 / 11 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 11 for male, 10 for female </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nematode (Caenorhabditis elegans) </Th> <Td> 12 / 11 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 12 for hermaphrodites, 11 for males </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) </Th> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Broad bean (Vicia faba) </Th> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Yellow dung fly (Scathophaga stercoraria) </Th> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 10 autosomal and 2 sex chromosomes . Males have XY sex chromosomes and females have XX sex chromosomes . The sex chromosomes are the largest chromosomes and constitute 30% of the total length of the diploid set in females and about 25% in males . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Slime mold (Dictyostelium discoideum) </Th> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) </Th> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) </Th> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Rye (Secale cereale) </Th> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Pea (Pisum sativum) </Th> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Barley (Hordeum vulgare) </Th> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Aloe vera </Th> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> The diploid chromosome number is 2n = 14 with four pair of long acrocentric chromosomes ranging from 14.4 μm to 17.9 μm and three pair of short sub metacentric chromosomes ranging from 4.6 μm to 5.4 μm . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) </Th> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Kangaroo </Th> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> This includes several members of genus Macropus, but not the red kangaroo (M. rufus, 20) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Schistosoma mansoni </Th> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2n = 16 . 7 autosomal pairs and ZW sex - determination pair . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Welsh onion (Allium Fistulosum) </Th> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Garlic (Allium sativum) </Th> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Itch mite (Sarcoptes scabiei) </Th> <Td> 17! 17 / 18 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> According to the observation of embryonic cells of egg, chromosome number of the itch mite is either 17 or 18 . While the cause for the disparate numbers is unknown, it may arise because of an XO sex determination mechanism, where males (2n = 17) lack the sex chromosome and therefore have one less chromosome than the female (2n = 18). </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Radish (Raphanus sativus) </Th> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Carrot (Daucus carota) </Th> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> The genus Daucus includes around 25 species . D. carota has nine chromosome pairs (2n = 2x = 18). D. capillifolius, D. sahariensis and D. syrticus are the other members of the genus with 2n = 18, whereas D. muricatus (2n = 20) and D. pusillus (2n = 22) have a slightly higher chromosome number . A few polyploid species as for example D. glochidiatus (2n = 4x = 44) and D. montanus (2n = 6x = 66) also exist . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cabbage (Brassica oleracea) </Th> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Broccoli, cabbage, kale, kohlrabi, brussels sprouts, and cauliflower are all the same species and have the same chromosome number . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Citrus (Citrus x) </Th> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Chromosome number of the genus Citrus, which including lemons, oranges, grapefruit, pomelo and limes, is 2n = 18 . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) </Th> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Setaria viridis (Setaria viridis) </Th> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Maize (Zea mays) </Th> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cannabis (Cannabis sativa) </Th> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Western clawed frog (Xenopus tropicalis) </Th> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Australian pitcher plant (Cephalotus follicularis) </Th> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cacao (Theobroma cacao) </Th> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus) </Th> <Td> 22 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Although some contradictory cases have been reported, the large homogeneity of the chromosome number 2n = 22 is now known for 135 (33.5%) distinct species among genus Eucalyptus . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana) </Th> <Td> 22 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Bean (Phaseolus sp .) </Th> <Td> 22 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> All species in the genus Phaseolus have the same chromosome number, including common bean (P. vulgaris), runner bean (P. coccineus), tepary bean (P. acutifolius) and lima bean (P. lunatus). </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Snail </Th> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Melon (Cucumis melo) </Th> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Rice (Oryza sativa) </Th> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium) </Th> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) </Th> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) </Th> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> European beech (Fagus sylvatica) </Th> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Bittersweet nightshade (Solanum dulcamara) </Th> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cork oak (Quercus suber) </Th> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Edible frog (Pelophylax kl . esculentus) </Th> <Td> 26 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Edible frog is the fertile hybrid of the pool frog and the marsh frog . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) </Th> <Td> 28 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Bed bug (Cimex lectularius) </Th> <Td> 29 - 47 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 26 autosomes and varying number of the sex chromosomes from three (X X Y) to 21 (X X Y + 18 extra Xs). </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Pill millipede (Arthrosphaera magna attems) </Th> <Td> 30 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) </Th> <Td> 30 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> American mink (Neovison vison) </Th> <Td> 30 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Pistachio (Pistacia vera) </Th> <Td> 30 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Yeast (Saccharomyces cerivisiae) </Th> <Td> 32 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> European honey bee (Apis mellifera) </Th> <Td> 32 / 16 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 32 for females (2n = 32), males are haploid and thus have 16 (1n = 16). </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> American badger (Taxidea taxus) </Th> <Td> 32 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) </Th> <Td> 32 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Cultivated alfalfa is tetraploid, with 2n = 4x = 32 . Wild relatives have 2n = 16 . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Red fox (Vulpes vulpes) </Th> <Td> 34 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Plus 3 - 5 microsomes . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) </Th> <Td> 34 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) </Th> <Td> 34 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var . scolymus) </Th> <Td> 34 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Yellow mongoose (Cynictis penicillata) </Th> <Td> 36 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Tibetan sand fox (Vulpes ferrilata) </Th> <Td> 36 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starfish (Asteroidea) </Th> <Td> 36 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Red panda (Ailurus fulgens) </Th> <Td> 36 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Meerkat (Suricata suricatta) </Th> <Td> 36 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cassava (Manihot esculenta) </Th> <Td> 36 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Long - nosed cusimanse (crossarchus obscurus) </Th> <Td> 36 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris) </Th> <Td> 36 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) </Th> <Td> 36 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Waterwheel plant (Aldrovanda vesiculosa) </Th> <Td> 38 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Tiger (Panthera tigris) </Th> <Td> 38 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sea otter (Enhydra lutris) </Th> <Td> 38 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sable (Martes zibellina) </Th> <Td> 38 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Raccoon (Procyon lotor) </Th> <Td> 38 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Pine marten (Martes martes) </Th> <Td> 38 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Pig (Sus) </Th> <Td> 38 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Oriental small - clawed otter (Aonyx cinerea) </Th> <Td> 38 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Lion (Panthera leo) </Th> <Td> 38 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Fisher </Th> <Td> 38 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> a type of marten </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> European mink (Mustela lutreola) </Th> <Td> 38 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Coatimundi </Th> <Td> 38 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cat (Felis silvestris catus) </Th> <Td> 38 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Beech marten (Martes foina) </Th> <Td> 38 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Baja California ratsnake (Bogertophis rosaliae) </Th> <Td> 38 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> American marten (Martes americana) </Th> <Td> 38 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Trans - Pecos ratsnake (Bogertophis subocularis) </Th> <Td> 40 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mouse (Mus musculus) </Th> <Td> 40 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mango (Mangifera indica) </Th> <Td> 40 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Hyena (Hyaenidae) </Th> <Td> 40 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ferret (Mustela putorius furo) </Th> <Td> 40 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> European polecat (Mustela putorius) </Th> <Td> 40 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Beaver (American) (Castor canadensis) </Th> <Td> 40 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) </Th> <Td> 40 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Cultivated peanut is a allotetraploid (2n = 4x = 40). Its closest relatives are the diploid (2n = 2x = 20). </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Wolverine (Gulo gulo) </Th> <Td> 42 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Wheat (Triticum aestivum) </Th> <Td> 42 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> This is a hexaploid with 2n = 6x = 42 . Durum wheat is Triticum turgidum var . durum, and is a tetraploid with 2n = 4x = 28 . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) </Th> <Td> 42 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Rat (Rattus norvegicus) </Th> <Td> 42 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Oats (Avena sativa) </Th> <Td> 42 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> This is a hexaploid with 2n = 6x = 42 . Diploid and tetraploid cultivated species also exist . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) </Th> <Td> 42 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Fossa (Cryptoprocta ferox) </Th> <Td> 42 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) </Th> <Td> 44 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Eurasian badger (Meles meles) </Th> <Td> 44 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Moon jellyfish (Aurelia aurita) </Th> <Td> 44 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Dolphin (Delphinidae Delphi) </Th> <Td> 44 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Coffea arabica (Coffea arabica) </Th> <Td> 44 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Out of the 103 species in the genus Coffea, arabica coffee is the only tetraploid species (2n = 4x = 44), the remaining species being diploid with 2n = 2x = 22 . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sable antelope (Hippotragus niger) </Th> <Td> 46 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Reeves's muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi) </Th> <Td> 46 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Human (Homo sapiens) </Th> <Td> 46 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 44 autosomal and 2 sex </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Parhyale hawaiensis </Th> <Td> 46 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Water buffalo (river type) (Bubalus bubalis) </Th> <Td> 48 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) </Th> <Td> 48 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Cultivated species N. tabacum is an amphidiploid (2n = 4x = 48) evolved through the interspecific hybridization of the ancestors of N. sylvestris (2n = 2x = 24, maternal donor) and N. tomentosiformis (2n = 2x = 24, paternal donor) about 200,000 years ago . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Potato (Solanum tuberosum) </Th> <Td> 48 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> This is for common potato Solanum tuberosum (tetraploid, 2n = 4x = 48). Other cultivated potato species may be diploid (2n = 2x = 24), triploid (2n = 3x = 36), tetraploid (2n = 4x = 48), or pentaploid (2n = 5x = 60). Wild relatives mostly have 2n = 24 . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Orangutan (Pongo) </Th> <Td> 48 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Hare (Lepus) </Th> <Td> 48 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Gorilla (Gorilla) </Th> <Td> 48 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) </Th> <Td> 48 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) </Th> <Td> 48 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Beaver (Eurasian) (Castor fiber) </Th> <Td> 48 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Zebrafish (Danio rerio) </Th> <Td> 50 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Water buffalo (swamp type) (Bubalus bubalis) </Th> <Td> 50 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) </Th> <Td> 50 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Pineapple (Ananas comosus) </Th> <Td> 50 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Kit fox (Vulpes macrotis) </Th> <Td> 50 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus) </Th> <Td> 52 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) </Th> <Td> 52 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Ten sex chromosomes . Males have X Y X Y X Y X Y X Y, females have X X X X X X X X X X . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) </Th> <Td> 52 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> This is for the cultivated species G. hirsutum (allotetraploid, 2n = 4x = 52). This species accounts for 90% of the world cotton production . Among 50 species in the genus Gossypium, 45 are diploid (2n = 2x = 26) and 5 are allotetraploid (2n = 4x = 52). </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sheep (Ovis orientalis aries) </Th> <Td> 54 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Hyrax (Hyracoidea) </Th> <Td> 54! 54 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Hyraxes were considered to be the closest living relatives of Elephants, but sirenians have been found to be more closely related to elephants . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides procyonoides) </Th> <Td> 54 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> This number is for Chinese raccoon dog (N. p. procyonoides), 2n = 54 + B (0 - 4). On the other hand, Japanese raccoon dog (N. p. viverrinus) with 2n = 38 + B (0 - 8). Here, B represents B chromosome and its variation in the number between individuals . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Capuchin monkey (Cebus x) </Th> <Td> 54 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Silkworm (Bombyx mori) </Th> <Td> 56 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> This is for the species mulberry silkworm, B. mori (2n = 56). Probably more than 99% of the world's commercial silk today come from this species . Other silk producing moths, called non-mulberry silkworms, have various chromosome numbers . (e.g. Samia cynthia with 2n = 25 - 28, Antheraea pernyi with 2n = 98 .) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Strawberry (Fragaria) </Th> <Td> 56 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> This number is octoploid, main cultivated species Fragaria × ananassa (2n = 8x = 56). In genus Fragaria, basic chromosome number is seven (x = 7) and multiple levels of ploidy, ranging from diploid (2n = 2x = 14) to decaploid (F. iturupensis, 2n = 10x = 70), are known . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Gaur (Bos gaurus) </Th> <Td> 56 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Elephant (Elephantidae) </Th> <Td> 56 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) </Th> <Td> 58 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> extinct; tissue from a frozen carcass </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Yak (Bos mutus) </Th> <Td> 60 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) </Th> <Td> 60 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cow / Bull (Bos primigenius) </Th> <Td> 60 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> American bison (Bison bison) </Th> <Td> 60 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Bengal fox (Vulpes bengalensis) </Th> <Td> 60 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar dispar) </Th> <Td> 62 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Donkey (Equus africanus asinus) </Th> <Td> 62 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Scarlet macaw (Ara macao) </Th> <Td> 62 - 64 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mule </Th> <Td> 63 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> semi-infertile (odd number of chromosomes - between donkey (62) and horse (64) makes meiosis much more difficult) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) </Th> <Td> 64 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Spotted skunk (Spilogale x) </Th> <Td> 64 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Horse (Equus ferus caballus) </Th> <Td> 64 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Fennec fox (Vulpes zerda) </Th> <Td> 64 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Echidna </Th> <Td> 63 / 64 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 63 (X Y X Y X Y X Y X, male) and 64 (X X X X X X X X X X, female) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera) </Th> <Td> 64 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nine - banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) </Th> <Td> 64 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) </Th> <Td> 66 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Red deer (Cervus elaphus) </Th> <Td> 68 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Elk (Wapiti) (Cervus canadensis) </Th> <Td> 68 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Roadside hawk (Rupornis magnirostris) </Th> <Td> 68 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> White - tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) </Th> <Td> 70 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Black nightshade (Solanum nigrum) </Th> <Td> 72 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Bat - eared fox (Otocyon megalotis) </Th> <Td> 72 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sun bear (Helarctos malayanus) </Th> <Td> 74 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sloth bear (Melursus ursinus) </Th> <Td> 74 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) </Th> <Td> 74 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Brown bear (Ursus arctos) </Th> <Td> 74 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) </Th> <Td> 74 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> American black bear (Ursus americanus) </Th> <Td> 74 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) </Th> <Td> 76 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Gray wolf (Canis lupus) </Th> <Td> 78 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Golden jackal (Canis aureus) </Th> <Td> 78 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Dove (Columbidae) </Th> <Td> 78 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Based on African collared dove </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Dog (Canis lupus familiaris) </Th> <Td> 78 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Normal dog karyotype is composed of 38 pairs of acrocentric autosomes and two metacentric sex chromosomes . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Dingo (Canis lupus dingo) </Th> <Td> 78 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Dhole (Cuon alpinus) </Th> <Td> 78 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Coyote (Canis latrans) </Th> <Td> 78 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) </Th> <Td> 78 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) </Th> <Td> 78 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Tropical pitcher plant (Nepenthes rafflesiana) </Th> <Td> 78 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Turkey (Meles) </Th> <Td> 80 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) </Th> <Td> 80 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> This is for S. officinarum (octoploid, 2n = 8 × = 80). About 70% of the world's sugar comes from this species . Other species in the genus Saccharum, collectively known as sugarcane, have chromosome numbers in the range 2n = 40 - 128 . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Pigeon (Columbidae) </Th> <Td> 80 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) </Th> <Td> 82 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Hedgehog genus Erinaceus (woodland hedgehogs) </Th> <Td> 88 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Moonworts (Botrychium) </Th> <Td> 90 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Hedgehog Genus Atelerix (African hedgehogs) </Th> <Td> 90 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Grape fern (Sceptridium) </Th> <Td> 90 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Pittier's crab - eating rat (Ichthyomys pittieri) </Th> <Td> 92 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Previously thought to be the highest number in mammals, tied with Anotomys leander . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Shrimp (Penaeus semisulcatus) </Th> <Td> 86--92 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Aquatic rat (Anotomys leander) </Th> <Td> 92 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Previously thought to be the highest number in mammals, tied with Ichthyomys pittieri . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Kamraj (fern) (Helminthostachys zeylanica) </Th> <Td> 94 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Carp (Carassius carassius) </Th> <Td>: 100! 100 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Red viscacha rat (Tympanoctomys barrerae) </Th> <Td>: 102! 102 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Highest number known in mammals, thought to be a tetraploid or allotetraploid . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Walking catfish (Clarias batrachus) </Th> <Td> 104 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> American paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) </Th> <Td> 120 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Northern lamprey (Petromyzontinae) </Th> <Td>: 164! 174 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Rattlesnake fern (Botrypus virginianus) </Th> <Td>: 184! 184 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) </Th> <Td> 208 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Field horsetail (Equisetum arvense) </Th> <Td>: 216! 216 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Adders - tongue (Ophioglossum) </Th> <Td>: 240! 240 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> n = 120--720 with a high degree of polyploidization n = 720 in hexaploid species O. reticulatum . A google book search for "ophioglossum reticulatum chromosomes" returns values of 2n = 768 and 2n = 1260, though these sources may be wp: circular and unreliable . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Agrodiaetus butterfly (Agrodiaetus shahrami) </Th> <Td>: 268! 268 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> This insect has one of the highest chromosome numbers among all animals . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Black mulberry (Morus nigra) </Th> <Td>: 308! 308 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> In this case, the chromosome number is docosaploid, or 22 times the basic number . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Atlas blue (Polyommatus atlantica) </Th> <Td>: 448! 448 - 452 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2n = circa 448 - 452 . Highest number of chromosomes in the non-polyploid eukaryotic organisms . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ciliated protozoa (Tetrahymena thermophila) </Th> <Td> 10 (in micronucleus) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 50x = 12,500 (in macronucleus, except minichromosomes) 10,000 x = 10,000 (macronuclear minichromosomes) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ciliated protozoa (Oxytricha trifallax) </Th> <Td> 15,600 MAC chromosomes × 1900 ploidy level = 29.64 × 10 chromosomes </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Macronuclear "nanochromosomes"; ampliploid . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Th> Organism (Scientific name) </Th> <Th> Chromosome number </Th> <Th> Picture </Th> <Th> Karyotype </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> <Th> Source </Th> </Tr>

How many chromosomes does a garden pea have
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