<P> Illegal migration (Aliyah Bet) became the main form of Jewish entry into Palestine . Across Europe Bricha ("flight"), an organization of former partisans and ghetto fighters, smuggled Holocaust survivors from Eastern Europe to Mediterranean ports, where small boats tried to breach the British blockade of Palestine . Meanwhile, Jews from Arab countries began moving into Palestine overland . Despite British efforts to curb immigration, during the 14 years of the Aliyah Bet, over 110,000 Jews entered Palestine . By the end of World War II, the Jewish population of Palestine had increased to 33% of the total population . </P> <P> In an effort to win independence, Zionists now waged a guerrilla war against the British . The main underground Jewish militia, the Haganah, formed an alliance called the Jewish Resistance Movement with the Etzel and Stern Gang to fight the British . In June 1946, following instances of Jewish sabotage, the British launched Operation Agatha, arresting 2700 Jews, including the leadership of the Jewish Agency, whose headquarters were raided . Those arrested were held without trial . </P> <P> In Poland, the Kielce Pogrom (July 1946) led to a wave of Holocaust survivors fleeing Europe for Palestine . Between 1945 and 1948, 100,000--120,000 Jews left Poland . Their departure was largely organized by Zionist activists in Poland under the umbrella of the semi-clandestine organization Berihah ("Flight"). Berihah was also responsible for the organized emigration of Jews from Romania, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia, totalling 250,000 (including Poland) Holocaust survivors . The British imprisoned the Jews trying to enter Palestine in the Atlit detainee camp and Cyprus internment camps . Those held were mainly Holocaust survivors, including large numbers of children and orphans . In response to Cypriot fears that the Jews would never leave (since they lacked a state or documentation) and because the 75,000 quota established by the 1939 White Paper had never been filled, the British allowed the refugees to enter Palestine at a rate of 750 per month . </P> <P> The unified Jewish resistance movement broke up in July 1946, after Etzel bombed the British Military Headquarters in the King David Hotel killing 91 people . In the days following the bombing, Tel Aviv was placed under curfew and over 120,000 Jews, nearly 20% of the Jewish population of Palestine, were questioned by the police . In the US, Congress criticized British handling of the situation and delayed loans that were vital to British post-war recovery . By 1947 the Labour Government was ready to refer the Palestine problem to the newly created United Nations . </P>

When was the modern state of israel created