<Tr> <Td> Audience surrogate </Td> <Td> A character who expresses the questions and confusion of the audience, with whom the audience can identify . Frequently used in detective fiction and science fiction, where the character asks a central character how he or she accomplished certain deeds, for the purpose of inciting that character to explain (for the curious audience) his or her methods, or a character asking a relatively educated person to explain what amounts to the backstory . </Td> <Td> Dr Watson in the Sherlock Holmes stories . Scott Evil, played by Seth Green, son of Dr. Evil on the Austin Powers movies . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Author surrogate </Td> <Td> Characters which are based on authors, usually to support their personal views . Sometimes an intentionally or unintentionally idealized version of them . A variation is the Mary Sue or Gary Stu, which primarily serves as an idealized self - insertion . </Td> <Td> Socrates in the writings of Plato . Plato never speaks in his own voice in his dialogues . In the Second Letter, it says, "no writing of Plato exists or ever will exist, but those now said to be his are those of a Socrates become beautiful and new". </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Breaking the fourth wall </Td> <Td> An author or character addresses the audience directly (also known as direct address). This may acknowledge to the reader or audience that what is being presented is fiction, or may seek to extend the world of the story to provide the illusion that they are included in it . </Td> <Td> The characters in Sesame Street often break the fourth wall when they address their viewers as part of the ongoing storyline, which is possible because of the high level of suspension of belief afforded by its audience--children . The American political drama show House of Cards also uses this technique frequently to let the viewers know what the main character Frank Underwood is thinking and planning . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Defamiliarization </Td> <Td> Taking an everyday object and presenting it in a way that is weirdly unfamiliar so that we see the object in a new way . Coined by the early 20th - century Russian literary critic Viktor Shklovsky in "Art as Technique ." </Td> <Td> In, Swift's Gulliver's Travels when Gulliver visits the land of the giants and sees a giant woman's skin he sees it is anything but smooth and beautiful when viewed up close . </Td> </Tr>

Identify the tool a writer uses to state his or her point in a narrative paragraph