<P> He was knighted in 1914 . During World War I, he worked on a top secret project to solve the practical problems of submarine detection by sonar . In 1916 he was awarded the Hector Memorial Medal . In 1919 he returned to the Cavendish succeeding J.J. Thomson as the Cavendish professor and Director . Under him, Nobel Prizes were awarded to James Chadwick for discovering the neutron (in 1932), John Cockcroft and Ernest Walton for an experiment which was to be known as splitting the atom using a particle accelerator, and Edward Appleton for demonstrating the existence of the ionosphere . In 1925, Rutherford pushed calls to the Government of New Zealand to support education and research, which led to the formation of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR) in the following year . Between 1925 and 1930 he served as President of the Royal Society, and later as president of the Academic Assistance Council which helped almost 1,000 university refugees from Germany . He was appointed to the Order of Merit in the 1925 New Year Honours and raised to the peerage as Baron Rutherford of Nelson, of Cambridge in the County of Cambridge in 1931, a title that became extinct upon his unexpected death in 1937 . In 1933, Rutherford was one of the two inaugural recipients of the T.K. Sidey Medal, set up by the Royal Society of New Zealand as an award for outstanding scientific research . </P> <P> For some time before his death, Rutherford had a small hernia, which he had neglected to have fixed, and it became strangulated, causing him to be violently ill . Despite an emergency operation in London, he died four days afterwards of what physicians termed "intestinal paralysis", at Cambridge . After cremation at Golders Green Crematorium, he was given the high honour of burial in Westminster Abbey, near Isaac Newton and other illustrious British scientists . </P> <P> At Cambridge, Rutherford started to work with J.J. Thomson on the conductive effects of X-rays on gases, work which led to the discovery of the electron which Thomson presented to the world in 1897 . Hearing of Becquerel's experience with uranium, Rutherford started to explore its radioactivity, discovering two types that differed from X-rays in their penetrating power . Continuing his research in Canada, he coined the terms alpha ray and beta ray in 1899 to describe the two distinct types of radiation . He then discovered that thorium gave off a gas which produced an emanation which was itself radioactive and would coat other substances . He found that a sample of this radioactive material of any size invariably took the same amount of time for half the sample to decay--its "half - life" (111⁄2 minutes in this case). </P> <P> From 1900 to 1903, he was joined at McGill by the young chemist Frederick Soddy (Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1921) for whom he set the problem of identifying the thorium emanations . Once he had eliminated all the normal chemical reactions, Soddy suggested that it must be one of the inert gases, which they named thoron (later found to be an isotope of radon). They also found another type of thorium they called Thorium X, and kept on finding traces of helium . They also worked with samples of "Uranium X" from William Crookes and radium from Marie Curie . </P>

Who is credited most with his work with electrons
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