<P> The National Trust formed in 1895 with the manifesto to "...promote the permanent preservation, for the benefit of the nation, of lands,...to preserve (so far practicable) their natural aspect ." On 1 May 1899, the Trust purchased two acres of Wicken Fen with a donation from the amateur naturalist Charles Rothschild, establishing the first nature reserve in Britain . Rothschild was a pioneer of wildlife conservation in Britain, and went on to establish many other nature reserves, such as one at Woodwalton Fen, near Huntingdon, in 1910 . During his lifetime he built and managed his estate at Ashton Wold in Northamptonshire to maximise its suitability for wildlife, especially butterflies . Concerned about the loss of wildlife habitats, in 1912 he set up the Society for the Promotion of Nature Reserves, the forerunner of The Wildlife Trusts partnership . </P> <P> During the society's early years, membership tended to be made up of specialist naturalists and its growth was comparatively slow . The first independent Trust was formed in Norfolk in 1926 as the Norfolk Naturalists Trust, followed in 1938 by the Pembrokeshire Bird Protection Society which after several subsequent changes of name is now the Wildlife Trust of South and West Wales and it was not until the 1940s and 1950s that more Naturalists' Trusts were formed in Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, Leicestershire and Cambridgeshire . These early Trusts tended to focus on purchasing land to establish nature reserves in the geographical areas they served . </P> <P> The profession of wildlife management was established in the United States in the 1920s and' 30s by Aldo Leopold and others who sought to transcend the purely restrictive policies of the previous generation of conservationists, such as anti-hunting activist William T. Hornaday . Leopold and his close associate Herbert Stoddard, who had both been trained in scientific forestry, argued that modern science and technology could be used to restore and improve wildlife habitat and thus produce abundant "crops" of ducks, deer, and other valued wild animals . </P> <P> The institutional foundations of the profession of wildlife management were established in the 1930s, when Leopold was granted the first university professorship in wildlife management (1933, University of Wisconsin, Madison), when Leopold's textbook' Game Management' was published (1933), when The Wildlife Society was founded, when the Journal of Wildlife Management began publishing, and when the first Cooperative Wildlife Research Units were established . Conservationists planned many projects throughout the 1940s . Some of which included the harvesting of female mammals such as deer to decrease rising populations . Others included waterfowl and wetland research . The Fish and Wildlife Management Act was put in place to urge farmers to plant food for wildlife and to provide cover for them . </P>

Who established game management as a profession in the united states