<P> A portrait of the Indiana frontier about 1810: The frontier was defined by the treaty of Fort Wayne in 1809, adding much of southwestern lands around Vincinnes and southeastern lands adjacent to Cincinnati, to areas along the Ohio River as part of U.S. territory . Settlements were military outposts, Fort Ouiatenon in the northwest and Fort Miami (later Fort Wayne) in the northeast, Fort Knox and Vincinnes settlement on the lower Wabash, Clarksville (across from Louisville), Vevay, and Corydon along the Ohio River, the Quaker Colony in Richmond on the eastern border, and Conner's Post (later Connersville) on the east central frontier . Indianapolis wouldn't be a populated place for 15 more years, and central and northern Indiana Territory remained savage wilderness . Indian presence was waning, but still a threat to settlement . Only two counties, Clark and Dearborn in the extreme southeast, had been organized . Land titles issued out of Cincinnati were sparse . Migration was chiefly by flatboat on the Ohio River westerly, and wagon trails up the Wabash / White River Valleys (west) and Whitewater River Valleys (east). </P> <P> In 1810 the Shawnee chief Tecumseh and his brother Tenskwatawa encouraged other tribes in the territory to resist European settlement . Tensions rose and the US authorized Harrison to launch a preemptive expedition against Tecumseh's Confederacy; the US gained victory at the Battle of Tippecanoe on November 7, 1811 . Tecumseh was killed in 1813 during the Battle of Thames . After his death, armed resistance to United States control ended in the region . Most Native American tribes in the state were later removed to west of the Mississippi River in the 1820s and 1830s after US negotiations and purchase of their lands . </P> <P> In order to decrease the threat of Indian raids following the Battle of Tippecanoe, Corydon, a town in the far southern part of Indiana, was named the second capital of the Indiana Territory in May 1813 . Two years later, a petition for statehood was approved by the territorial general assembly and sent to Congress . An Enabling Act was passed to provide an election of delegates to write a constitution for Indiana . On June 10, 1816, delegates assembled at Corydon to write the constitution, which was completed in 19 days . President James Madison approved Indiana's admission into the union as the nineteenth state on December 11, 1816 . In 1825, the state capital was moved from Corydon to Indianapolis . </P> <P> Many European immigrants went west to settle in Indiana in the early 19th century . The largest immigrant group to settle in Indiana were Germans, as well as numerous immigrants from Ireland and England . Americans who were primarily ethnically English migrated from the Northern Tier of New York and New England, as well as the mid-Atlantic state of Pennsylvania . The arrival of steamboats on the Ohio River in 1811, and the National Road at Richmond in 1829 greatly facilitated settlement of northern and western Indiana . </P>

When did indiana became part of the united states