<P> In Nihil Unbound: Extinction and Enlightenment, Ray Brassier maintains that philosophy has avoided the traumatic idea of extinction, instead attempting to find meaning in a world conditioned by the very idea of its own annihilation . Thus Brassier critiques both the phenomenological and hermeneutic strands of Continental philosophy as well as the vitality of thinkers like Gilles Deleuze, who work to ingrain meaning in the world and stave off the "threat" of nihilism . Instead, drawing on thinkers such as Alain Badiou, François Laruelle, Paul Churchland, and Thomas Metzinger, Brassier defends a view of the world as inherently devoid of meaning . That is, rather than avoiding nihilism, Brassier embraces it as the truth of reality . Brassier concludes from his readings of Badiou and Laruelle that the universe is founded on the nothing, but also that philosophy is the "organon of extinction," that it is only because life is conditioned by its own extinction that there is thought at all . Brassier then defends a radically anti-correlationist philosophy proposing that Thought is conjoined not with Being, but with Non-Being . </P> <P> The term Dada was first used by Richard Huelsenbeck and Tristan Tzara in 1916 . The movement, which lasted from approximately 1916 to 1922, arose during World War I, an event that influenced the artists . The Dada Movement began in the old town of Zürich, Switzerland--known as the "Niederdorf" or "Niederdörfli"--in the Café Voltaire . The Dadaists claimed that Dada was not an art movement, but an anti-art movement, sometimes using found objects in a manner similar to found poetry . </P> <P> The "anti-art" drive is thought to have stemmed from a post-war emptiness . This tendency toward devaluation of art has led many to claim that Dada was an essentially nihilistic movement . Given that Dada created its own means for interpreting its products, it is difficult to classify alongside most other contemporary art expressions . Due to perceived ambiguity, it has been classified as a nihilistic modus vivendi . </P> <P> The term "nihilism" was actually popularized by Ivan Turgenev in his novel Fathers and Sons, whose hero, Bazarov, was a nihilist and recruited several followers to the philosophy . He found his nihilistic ways challenged upon falling in love . </P>

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