<P> Many former members of the SPD and some communist advocates of a social - democratic road to socialism were purged from the SED . The middle - class CDU and LDPD were weakened by the creation of two new parties, the National Democratic Party of Germany (Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands--NDPD) and the Democratic Peasants' Party of Germany (Demokratische Bauernpartei Deutschlands--DBD). The SED accorded political representation to mass organizations and, most significant, to the party - controlled Free German Trade Union Federation (Freier Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund--FDGB). </P> <P> Incidentally, the party system was designed to allow reentry of only those former NSDAP adherents who had earlier decided to join the National Front, which was originally formed by emigrants and prisoners of war in the Soviet Union during World War II . Political denazification in the Soviet zone was thus handled rather more transparently than in the Western zones, where the issue soon came second to considerations of practicality or even just privacy . </P> <P> In November 1948, the German Economic Commission (Deutsche Wirtschaftskomission--DWK), including antifascist bloc representation, assumed administrative authority . Five months after declaration of the western Federal Republic of Germany (better known as West Germany), on October 7, 1949, the DWK formed a provisional government and proclaimed establishment of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany). Wilhelm Pieck, a party leader, was elected first president . On October 9, the Soviet Union withdrew her East Berlin headquarters, and subsequently it outwardly surrendered the functions of the military government to the new German state . </P> <P> The SED controlled the National Front coalition, a federation of all political parties and mass organizations that preserved political pluralism . The 1949 constitution formally established a democratic federal republic and created an upper house called the Länderkammer (States Chamber) and the Volkskammer (People's Chamber). The Volkskammer, according to the East German constitution the highest state body, was vested with legislative sovereignty . The SED controlled the Council of Ministers and reduced the legislative function of the Volkskammer to that of acclamation . Election to the Volkskammer and the state legislatures (later replaced by district legislatures) was based on a joint ballot prepared by the National Front: voters could register their approval or disapproval . </P>

When did the soviet occupation of east germany end
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