<P> Communication theory can be seen from one of the following viewpoints: </P> <Ul> <Li> Mechanistic: This view considers communication as a perfect transaction of a message from the sender to the receiver . (as seen in the diagram above) </Li> <Li> Psychological: This view considers communication as the act of sending a message to a receiver, and the feelings and thoughts of the receiver upon interpreting the message . </Li> <Li> Social Constructionist (Symbolic Interactionist): This view considers communication to be the product of the interactants sharing and creating meaning . The Constructionist View can also be defined as, how you say something determines what the message is . The Constructionist View assumes that "truth" and "ideas" are constructed or invented through the social process of communication . Robert T. Craig saw the Constructionist View or the constitutive view as it's called in his article, as "...an ongoing process that symbolically forms and re-forms our personal identities ." (Craig, 125). The other view of communication, the Transmission Model, sees communication as robotic and computer - like . The Transmission Model sees communication as a way of sending or receiving messages and the perfection of that . But, the Constructionist View sees communications as, "...in human life, info does not behave as simply as bits in an electronic stream . In human life, information flow is far more like an electric current running from one landmine to another" (Lanham, 7). The Constructionist View is a more realistic view of communication because it involves the interacting of human beings and the free sharing of thoughts and ideas . Daniel Chandler looks to prove that the Transmission Model is a lesser way of communicating by saying "The transmission model is not merely a gross over-simplification but a dangerously misleading representation of the nature of human communication" (Chandler, 2). Humans do not communicate simply as computers or robots so that's why it's essential to truly understand the Constructionist View of Communication well . We do not simply send facts and data to one another, but we take facts and data and they acquire meaning through the process of communication, or through interaction with others . </Li> <Li> Systemic: This view considers communication to be the new messages created via "through - put", or what happens as the message is being interpreted and re-interpreted as it travels through people . </Li> <Li> Critical: This view considers communication as a source of power and oppression of individuals and social groups . </Li> </Ul> <Li> Mechanistic: This view considers communication as a perfect transaction of a message from the sender to the receiver . (as seen in the diagram above) </Li> <Li> Psychological: This view considers communication as the act of sending a message to a receiver, and the feelings and thoughts of the receiver upon interpreting the message . </Li>

Which of the following is not an element of the basic smcr communication model