<Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <P> Ezra--Nehemiah, grouped as a single book with the title "Ezra", was translated into Greek around the middle of the 2nd century BC . They were first divided into separate books by the early Christian scholar Origen, in the 3rd century AD, and the separation became entrenched in the 5th century AD when it was followed by Jerome in his Latin translation of the Bible . It was not until the Middle Ages that the separation was introduced into Jewish Bibles . </P> <P> The combined book Ezra--Nehemiah of the earliest Christian and Jewish period was known as Ezra and was probably attributed to Ezra himself; according to a rabbinic tradition, however, Nehemiah was the real author but was forbidden to claim authorship because of his bad habit of disparaging others . </P> <P> The Nehemiah Memorial, chapters 1--7 and 11--13, may have circulated as an independent work before being combined with the Ezra material to form Ezra--Nehemiah . Determining the composition of the Memorial depends on the dates of Nehemiah's mission: It is commonly accepted that "Artaxerxes" was Artaxerxes I (there were two later kings of the same name), and that Nehemiah's first period in Jerusalem was therefore 445--433 BC; allowing for his return to Susa and second journey to Jerusalem, the end of the 5th century BC is therefore the earliest possible date for the Memorial . The Nehemiah Memorial is interrupted by chapters 8--10, which concern Ezra . These have sometimes been identified as another, separate work, the Ezra Memorial (EM), but other scholars believe the EM to be fictional and heavily altered by later editors . Both the Nehemiah and Ezra material are combined with numerous lists, Censuses and other material . </P>

Who is the author of the book of nehemiah
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