<P> The name is directly from the Latin cicada, meaning "tree cricket". </P> <P> Cicadas are arranged into two families: the Tettigarctidae and Cicadidae . The two extant species of Tettigarctidae include one in southern Australia and the other in Tasmania . The family Cicadidae is subdivided into the subfamilies Cicadinae, Tibicininae (or Tettigadinae), and Cicadettinae; they are found on all continents except Antarctica . Some previous works also included a family - level taxon called the Tibiceninae . The largest species is the Malaysian emperor cicada Megapomponia imperatoria; its wingspan is up to about 20 cm (8 in). Cicadas are also notable for the great length of time some species take to mature . </P> <P> At least 1300 cicada species are distributed worldwide with the majority being in the tropics . Most genera are restricted to a single biogeographical region and many species have a very limited range . This high degree of endemism has been used to study the biogeography of complex island groups such as in Indonesia and the Orient . There are about 200 described species in Australia and New Zealand, around 150 in South Africa, over 170 in America north of Mexico, at least 800 in Latin America, and over 200 in Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific . About 100 species occur in the Palaearctic . A few species are found in southern Europe, and a single species is in England, the New Forest cicada, Melampsalta montana, which also occurs in continental Europe . </P> <P> Many of the North American species are in the genus Neotibicen: the annual or jar fly or dog - day cicadas (so named because they emerge in late July and August). The best - known North American genus, however, is Magicicada . These periodical cicadas have an extremely long life cycle of 13 or 17 years, suddenly and briefly emerging in large numbers . </P>

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