<P> The Byzantine Emperor Isaac II Angelos made a secret alliance with Saladin to impede Frederick's progress in exchange for his empire's safety . Meanwhile, the Sultanate of Rum promised Frederick safety through Anatolia, but after much raiding Frederick lost patience and on 18 May 1190, the German army sacked Iconium, the capital of the Sultanate . While crossing the Saleph River on 10 June 1190, Frederick's horse slipped, throwing him against the rocks; he then drowned in the river . After this, much of his army returned to Germany in anticipation of the upcoming Imperial election . The Emperor's son, Frederick of Swabia, led the remaining 5,000 men to Antioch . There, the Emperor's body was boiled to remove the flesh, which was interred in the Church of St. Peter; his bones were put in a bag to continue the crusade . In Antioch, however, the German army was further reduced by fever . Young Frederick had to ask the assistance of his kinsman Conrad of Montferrat to lead him safely to Acre, by way of Tyre, where his father's bones were buried . </P> <P> The early departure of the bulk of the German army after Frederick's death inspired his son, Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, seven years later to sponsor the German Crusade of 1197 . </P> <P> King Henry II of England died on 6 July 1189 after a surprise attack by his son Richard the Lionheart and King Philip II . Richard inherited the crown and immediately began raising funds for the crusade . In the meantime, some of his subjects departed in multiple waves by sea . Some of them together with contingents from the Holy Roman Empire and France conquered the Moorish city of Silves in Iberia during the summer of 1189, before continuing to the Holy Land . In April 1190, King Richard's fleet departed from Dartmouth under the command of Richard de Camville and Robert de Sablé on their way to meet their king in Marseille . Parts of this fleet helped the Portuguese monarch Sancho I defeat an Almohad counterattack against Santarém and Torres Novas, while another group ransacked Christian Lisbon, only to be routed by the Portuguese monarch . Richard and Philip II met in France at Vézelay and set out together on 4 July 1190 as far as Lyon where they parted after agreeing to meet in Sicily; Richard with his retinue, said to number 800, marched to Marseille and Philip to Genoa . Richard arrived in Marseille and found that his fleet had not arrived; he quickly tired of waiting for them and hiring ships, left for Sicily on 7 August, visiting several places in Italy en route and arrived in Messina on 23 September . Meanwhile, the English fleet eventually arrived in Marseille on 22 August, and finding that Richard had gone, sailed directly to Messina, arriving before him on 14 September . Philip had hired a Genoese fleet to transport his army, which consisted of 650 knights, 1,300 horses, and 1,300 squires to the Holy Land by way of Sicily . </P> <P> William II of Sicily had died the previous year, and was replaced by Tancred, who imprisoned Joan of England--William's wife and King Richard's sister . Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and Joan was released . Richard and Philip fell out over the issue of Richard's marriage, as Richard had decided to marry Berengaria of Navarre, breaking off his long - standing betrothal to Philip's half - sister Alys . Philip left Sicily directly for the Middle East on 30 March 1191 and arrived in Tyre in mid-May; he joined the siege of Acre on 20 May . Richard did not set off from Sicily until 10 April . </P>

Who left england to lead the armies of the third crusade in 1189