<P> Although Mariners have been aware of the existence of the Monsoon current for nearly one thousand years, a detailed understanding did not emerge until after the International Indian Ocean Expedition of the 1960s . The World Ocean Circulation Experiment of the mid 1990s permitted detailed measurement of these currents through an extensive field campaign . </P> <P> In the northern hemisphere tropical regions of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, surface winds blow predominantly from the northeast year round, with westward - flowing ocean currents underneath . The Indian Ocean differs from the Atlantic and Pacific in that a continental landmass forms a complete northern boundary at relatively low latitudes . Monsoonal circulations are driven by the differences in temperature between land masses and adjacent oceans . Because water has a larger thermal capacity than air, land surfaces will heat more rapidly during the summer season . The Indian monsoon consists of two phases . During the northern hemisphere winter, the cool Asian landmass contains a broad area of high pressure, whereas lower pressures prevail over the warmer Indian Ocean and hot Australian continent . This pressure pattern helps to reinforce the northeasterly trade winds . During the northern hemisphere summer, the Asian landmass (especially the Indian subcontinent) heats considerably, generating an area of low pressure to the north . Circulation about this low generates strong winds from the southwest over the Arabian Sea and along the Somali coast . These winds are enhanced by the formation of an atmospheric western boundary current created by the high terrain over eastern Africa . </P> <P> A consequence of the Coriolis effect, Ekman theory explains that oceanic flow at the surface is directed at 45 degrees to the right of the wind stress in the Northern Hemisphere . Thus, winds blowing from the southwest result in eastward currents, while winds blowing from the northeast result in westward currents . </P> <P> The Winter Monsoon Current extends from the Bay of Bengal, around India and Sri Lanka, and across the Arabian Sea at a latitude of approximately 8 degrees North . Currents flow to the southwest along the coast of Somalia to the equator . </P>

Problem associated with the monsoon wind that blows from january to march