<P> School students from Langa, Gugulethu and Nyanga in Cape Town reacted to the news of protests against Bantu Education in Soweto in June 1976 and organised gatherings and marches which were met with resistance from the police . A number of school buildings were burnt down . </P> <P> Cape Town was home to many leaders of the anti-apartheid movement . On Robben Island, a former penitentiary island 10 kilometres (6 miles) from the city, many famous political prisoners were held for years . In one of the most famous moments marking the end of apartheid, Nelson Mandela made his first public speech since his imprisonment, from the balcony of Cape Town City Hall hours after being released on 11 February 1990 . His speech heralded the beginning of a new era for the country, and the first democratic election, was held four years later, on 27 April 1994 . Nobel Square in the Victoria & Alfred Waterfront features statues of South Africa's four Nobel Peace Prize winners: Albert Luthuli, Desmond Tutu, F.W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela . Since 1994, the city has struggled with problems such as drugs, a surge in violent drug - related crime and more recently gang violence . At the same time, the economy has surged to unprecedented levels due to the boom in the tourism and the real estate industries . With a Gini coefficient of 0.67, Cape Town has the highest rate of equality in South Africa . </P> <P> Cape Town is located at latitude 33.55 ° S (approx . the same as Sydney and Buenos Aires and equivalent to Casablanca and Los Angeles in the northern hemisphere) and longitude 18.25 ° E. Table Mountain, with its near vertical cliffs and flat - topped summit over 1,000 m (3,300 ft) high, and with Devil's Peak and Lion's Head on either side, together form a dramatic mountainous backdrop enclosing the central area of Cape Town, the so - called City Bowl . A thin strip of cloud, known colloquially as the "tablecloth", sometimes forms on top of the mountain . To the immediate south, the Cape Peninsula is a scenic mountainous spine jutting 40 kilometres (25 mi) southwards into the Atlantic Ocean and terminating at Cape Point . There are over 70 peaks above 300 m (980 ft) within Cape Town's official city limits . Many of the city's suburbs lie on the large plain called the Cape Flats, which extends over 50 kilometres (30 mi) to the east and joins the peninsula to the mainland . The Cape Town region is characterised by an extensive coastline, rugged mountain ranges, coastal plains, inland valleys and semi-desert fringes . </P> <P> UNESCO declared Robben Island in the Western Cape a World Heritage Site in 1999 . Robben Island is located in Table Bay, some 6 km west of Bloubergstrand in Cape Town, and stands some 30m above sea level . Robben Island has been used as prison where people were isolated, banished and exiled to for nearly 400 years . It was also used as a leper colony, a post office, a grazing ground, a mental hospital, and an outpost . </P>

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