<P> Aristotle's inductive - deductive method used inductions from observations to infer general principles, deductions from those principles to check against further observations, and more cycles of induction and deduction to continue the advance of knowledge . </P> <P> The Organon (Greek: Ὄργανον, meaning "instrument, tool, organ") is the standard collection of Aristotle's six works on logic . The name Organon was given by Aristotle's followers, the Peripatetics . The order of the works is not chronological (the chronology is now difficult to determine) but was deliberately chosen by Theophrastus to constitute a well - structured system . Indeed, parts of them seem to be a scheme of a lecture on logic . The arrangement of the works was made by Andronicus of Rhodes around 40 BCE . </P> <P> The Organon comprises the following six works: </P> <Ol> <Li> The Categories (Latin: Categoriae) introduces Aristotle's 10-fold classification of that which exists: substance, quantity, quality, relation, place, time, situation, condition, action, and passion . </Li> <Li> On Interpretation (Latin: De Interpretatione, Greek Perihermenias) introduces Aristotle's conception of proposition and judgment, and the various relations between affirmative, negative, universal, and particular propositions . Aristotle discusses the square of opposition or square of Apuleius in Chapter 7 and its appendix Chapter 8 . Chapter 9 deals with the problem of future contingents . </Li> <Li> The Prior Analytics (Latin: Analytica Priora) introduces Aristotle's syllogistic method (see term logic), argues for its correctness, and discusses inductive inference . </Li> <Li> The Posterior Analytics (Latin: Analytica Posteriora) deals with demonstration, definition, and scientific knowledge . </Li> <Li> The Topics (Latin: Topica) treats of issues in constructing valid arguments, and of inference that is probable, rather than certain . It is in this treatise that Aristotle mentions the predicables, later discussed by Porphyry and by the scholastic logicians . </Li> <Li> The Sophistical Refutations (Latin: De Sophisticis Elenchis) gives a treatment of logical fallacies, and provides a key link to Aristotle's work on rhetoric . </Li> </Ol>

American experimentation with public relations techniques began around the founding of the