<P> Gautama Buddha, the founder of Buddhism, lived much of his life in the kingdom of Magadha . He attained enlightenment in Bodh Gaya, gave his first sermon in Sarnath and the first Buddhist council was held in Rajgriha . </P> <P> The Hindu Mahabharata calls Brihadratha the first ruler of Magadha . King Bimbisara of the Haryanka dynasty led an active and expansive policy, conquering the Kingdom of Anga in what is now West Bengal . King Bimbisara was killed by his son, Prince Ajatashatru . King Pasenadi, king of neighbouring Kosala and brother - in - law of King Bimbisara, promptly retook the gift of the Kashi province . </P> <P> Accounts differ slightly as to the cause of King Ajatashatru's war with the Licchavi, an area north of the river Ganges . It appears that Ajatashatru sent a minister to the area who worked for three years to undermine the unity of the Licchavis . To launch his attack across the Ganges River, Ajatashatru built a fort at the town of Pataliputra . Torn by disagreements the Licchavis fought with Ajatashatru . It took fifteen years for Ajatashatru to defeat them . Jain texts tell how Ajatashatru used two new weapons: a catapult, and a covered chariot with swinging mace that has been compared to a modern tank . Pataliputra began to grow as a centre of commerce and became the capital of Magadha after Ajatashatru's death . </P> <P> The Haryanka dynasty was overthrown by the Shishunaga dynasty . The last Shishunaga ruler, Mahanandin, was assassinated by Mahapadma Nanda in 345 BCE, the first of the so - called "Nine Nandas", i . e . Mahapadma and his eight sons . </P>

Who shifted capital of magadh from rajagrih to patliputra
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