<Dd> "The reception of the sacrament of Confirmation is necessary for the completion of baptismal grace ." (88) For "by the sacrament of Confirmation, (the baptized) are more perfectly bound to the Church and are enriched with a special strength of the Holy Spirit . Hence they are, as true witnesses of Christ, more strictly obliged to spread and defend the faith by word and deed ." (89) </Dd> <P> According to the Catechism of the Catholic Church, these gifts "...complete and perfect the virtues of those who receive them ." </P> <Ul> <Li> Wisdom is considered the first and the greatest of the gifts . It acts upon both the intellect and the will . According to St. Bernard, it both illumines the mind and instills an attraction to the divine . Adolphe Tanquerey OP explained the difference between the gift of wisdom and that of understanding, "...the latter is a view taken by the mind, while the former is an experience undergone by the heart; one is light, the other love, and so they unite and complete one another ." Wisdom is the perfection of the theological virtue of charity; </Li> <Li> Understanding is a perceptive intuition which illuminates the mind to grasp the truths of faith . It does not involve a comprehensive understanding of the mysteries of faith, but helps a person understand that these mysteries are credible; compatible with and related to each other; and not unreasonable . The gift of understanding perfects the theological virtue of faith . </Li> <Li> Counsel functions as a sort of supernatural intuition, to enable a person to judge promptly and rightly, especially in difficult situations . It perfects the cardinal virtue of prudence . While prudence operates in accord with reason as enlightened by faith, the gift of counsel operates under the guidance of the Holy Spirit to illuminate the will of God . </Li> <Li> Fortitude is often identified with courage, but Aquinas takes its meaning to also encompass endurance . Joseph J. Rickaby describes it as a willingness to stand up for what is right in the sight of God, even if it means accepting rejection, verbal abuse, or physical harm . The gift of fortitude allows people the firmness of mind that is required both in doing good and in enduring evil . It is the perfection of the cardinal virtue of the same name . </Li> <Li> Knowledge: The gift of knowledge allows one, as far as is humanly possible, to see things from God's perspective . It "allows us to perceive the greatness of God and his love for his creatures" through creation . </Li> <Li> Piety accords with reverence . A person with reverence recognizes his total reliance on God and comes before God with humility, trust, and love . Thomas Aquinas says that piety perfects the virtue of religion, which is an aspect of the virtue of justice, in that it accords to God that which is due him . In a series of talks on the Gifts of the Holy Spirit, Pope Francis said that piety is a recognition of "...our belonging to God, our deep bond with him, a relationship that gives meaning to our whole life and keeps us resolute, in communion with him, even during the most difficult and troubled moments". "Piety is not mere outward religiosity; it is that genuine religious spirit which makes us turn to the Father as his children and to grow in our love for others, seeing them as our brothers and sisters, ..." </Li> <Li> Fear of the Lord is akin to wonder (or awe): With the gift of fear of the Lord, one is made aware of the glory and majesty of God . At a June 2014 general audience Pope Francis said that it "is no servile fear, but rather a joyful awareness of God's grandeur and a grateful realization that only in him do our hearts find true peace". A person with wonder and awe knows that God is the perfection of all one desires . This gift is described by Aquinas as a fear of separating oneself from God . He describes the gift as a "filial fear," like a child's fear of offending his father, rather than a "servile fear," that is, a fear of punishment . Fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom . It is the perfection of the theological virtue of hope . </Li> </Ul> <Li> Wisdom is considered the first and the greatest of the gifts . It acts upon both the intellect and the will . According to St. Bernard, it both illumines the mind and instills an attraction to the divine . Adolphe Tanquerey OP explained the difference between the gift of wisdom and that of understanding, "...the latter is a view taken by the mind, while the former is an experience undergone by the heart; one is light, the other love, and so they unite and complete one another ." Wisdom is the perfection of the theological virtue of charity; </Li>

The seven gifts of the holy spirit and their functions
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