<P> Ionic Atmosphere is a concept employed in Debye - Hückel theory which explains the conductivity behaviour of solutions . It can be generally defined as the area at which a charged entity is capable of attracting an entity of the opposite charge . </P> <P> If an electrical potential is applied to an electrolytic solution, a positive ion will move towards the negative electrode and drag along an entourage of negative ions with it . The more concentrated the solution, the closer these negative ions are to the positive ion and thus the greater the resistance experienced by the positive ion . This influence on the speed of an ion is known as the "Asymmetry effect" because the ionic atmosphere moving around the ion is not symmetrical; the charge density behind is greater than in the front, slowing the motion of the ion . The time required to form a new ionic atmosphere on the right or time required for ionic atmosphere on the left to fade away is known as time of relaxation . The asymmetrization of ionic atmosphere does not occur in the case of Debye Falkenhagen effect due to high frequency dependence of conductivity . </P> <P> This is another factor which slows the motion of ions within a solution . It is the tendency of the applied potential to move the ionic atmosphere itself . This drags the solvent molecules along because of the attractive forces between ions and solvent molecules . As a result, the central ion at the centre of the ionic atmosphere is influenced to move towards the pole opposite its ionic atmosphere . This inclination retards its motion . </P>

Explain asymmetry effect and electrophoretic effect of strong electrolytes pdf