<P> Public policy schools are typically university programs which teach students policy analysis, policy studies, public policy, political economy, urban planning, public administration, public affairs, and public management . Public policy schools typically train students in two streams . The more practical stream treats the master's degree as a terminal degree, which trains students to work as policy analysts in governments, think tanks and consulting firms . A more theoretical stream aims to train students who are aiming to go on to complete doctoral studies (e.g., a PhD), with the goal of becoming professors of public policy or researchers . </P> <P> Public policy schools offer a wide range of public policy degrees . At the undergraduate level, universities offer the bachelor of arts with a major in public policy or policy studies . These undergrad degrees are typically offered by a university's public administration or political science faculties . Master of Public Policy (MPP), the Master of Public Administration (MPA), the Master of Public Affairs (MPAff), the Master of Public Service (MPS), the Master of Urban Planning (MUP), and the Master of International Affairs (MIA). Schools with an international and interdisciplinary focus award the Master of Arts in International Policy Studies . Some schools also offer executive master's degrees in the same topics for mid-career individuals . Doctoral degrees include PhDs in public policy, policy studies, and public administration, as well as the Doctor of Public Administration (DPA). Some schools offer relatively short - duration certificate programs aimed at working policy analysts, government managers and public executives . </P> <P> In North America, students typically pursue a graduate public policy degree after having completed an undergraduate degree, either in a public administration or political science field . Some programs admit students with any undergraduate degree; however, students without a background in public administration or political science may be required to do qualifying courses in these areas . Some universities allow students to complete both degrees concurrently . North American public policy programs are generally located in an autonomous graduate or professional school within a larger university . </P> <P> Most public policy programs combine elements of political science, economics, statistics, law, international relations, international development, public finance, leadership studies, ethics, sociology, and public administration . More recently, public policy schools have applied quantitative analysis, management information systems, organizational behavior, project management, and operations research to the public sector . </P>

How many years of school for public relations
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