<P> The labour process is purposeful activity aimed at the production of use values . The labour process is sometimes loosely termed "work organisation". </P> <P> That which is produced can either be useful in supporting human existence and so have a use value or it can be traded and attain an exchange value . The latter value, of course, presupposes the former . As a consequence of humans wanting to improve their material condition, a surplus is generated in the labour processes; that is, an enhancement of the value between inputs and outputs . Labour processes exist in all societies, capitalist or socialist, and it is argued that the organisation and control of a labour process is indicative of the type of society within which it exists . </P> <P> Labour Process Theory critiques scientific management as authored by Frederick W Taylor in the early 1900s and uses central concepts developed by Harry Braverman in the 1970s . Recent attempts have been made to use labor process theory to explain workers' bargaining power under contemporary global capitalism . Labour Process Theory has developed into a broader set of interventions and texts linked to critiquing new forms of management strategy of an exploitative nature . In Labor and Monopoly Capital: Degradation of Work in the Twentieth Century, Braverman seeks to retrieve and update Marx's critiques of the capitalist labour process through an attack up on bourgeois accounts of work in the industrial society . Although Braverman's primary focus is the degradation of work in the twentieth century, which he associates with the relentless tightening of management control, Labor and Monopoly Capital also contains at least two other loosely related elements: an outline of developments in the wider organization of monopoly capitalist societies, and an examination of changes in their occupational and class structures . </P> <P> Harry Braverman was an industrial worker for most of his life in the United States during the height of Fordist labour management and production techniques in manufacturing . In Labour and Monopoly Capital he examines his own experiences through a Marxist perspective, drawing attention to the very small processes of work that were ignored by Marxists for much of the Twentieth century . His studies coincided with the autonomist Marxist theory in Italy which paid similar attention to the factory floor . </P>

What was bravermans contribution to labour process theory