<P> Sixty years later, in 1629, King of England Charles I established the Province of Carolina, an area covering what is now South and North Carolina, Georgia and Tennessee . In 1663, Charles II granted the land to eight Lords Proprietors in return for their financial and political assistance in restoring him to the throne in 1660 . Anthony Ashley Cooper plans the Grand Model for the Province of Carolina and writes the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina . His utopia is inspired by John Locke, the major investor in the English slave - trade through the Royal African Company . </P> <P> In the 1670s, English planters from Bermuda established themselves near what is now Charleston . Settlers built rice plantations in the South Carolina Lowcountry, east of the Atlantic Seaboard fall line . Settlers came from all over Europe . Plantation labor was done by African slaves who formed the majority of the population by 1720 . Another cash crop was the Indigo plant, a plant source of blue dye, developed by Eliza Lucas . </P> <P> Meanwhile, in Upstate South Carolina, west of the Fall Line, was settled by small farmers and traders, who displaced Native American tribes westward . Colonists overthrew the proprietors' (absentee English landowners) rule, seeing more direct representation . In 1719, the colony was officially made a crown colony . In 1729 North Carolina was split off into a separate colony . </P> <P> Southern Carolina prospered from the fertility of the Low Country and the harbors, such as that at Charleston . It allowed religious toleration, encouraging Settlements spread, and trade in deerskin, lumber, and beef thrived . Rice cultivation was developed on a large scale . </P>

When did south carolina become a royal colony