<P> Given the age of the galaxy, Harrison surmises that there exist several "galactic clubs", groupings of multiple civilizations from across the galaxy . Such clubs could begin as loose confederations or alliances, eventually developing into powerful unions of many civilizations . If humanity could enter into a dialogue with one extraterrestrial civilization, it might be able to join such a galactic club . As more extraterrestrial civilizations, or unions thereof, are found, these could also become assimilated into such a club . Sebastian von Hoerner has suggested that entry into a galactic club may be a way for humanity to handle the culture shock arising from contact with an advanced extraterrestrial civilization . </P> <P> Whether a broad spectrum of civilizations from many places in the galaxy would even be able to cooperate is disputed by Michaud, who states that civilizations with huge differences in the technologies and resources at their command "may not consider themselves even remotely equal". It is unlikely that humanity would meet the basic requirements for membership at its current low level of technological advancement . A galactic club may, William Hamilton speculates, set extremely high entrance requirements that are unlikely to be met by less advanced civilizations . </P> <P> When two Canadian astronomers argued that they potentially discovered 234 extraterrestrial civilizations through analysis of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey database, Douglas Vakoch doubted their explanation for their findings, noting that it would be unusual for all of these stars to pulse at exactly the same frequency unless they were part a coordinated network: "If you take a step back," he said, "that would mean you have 234 independent stars that all decided to transmit the exact same way ." </P> <P> Michaud suggests that an interstellar grouping of civilizations might take the form of an empire, which need not necessarily be a force for evil, but may provide for peace and security throughout its jurisdiction . Owing to the distances between the stars, such an empire would not necessarily maintain control solely by military force, but may rather tolerate local cultures and institutions to the extent that these would not pose a threat to the central imperial authority . Such tolerance may, as has happened historically on Earth, extend to allowing nominal self - rule of specific regions by existing institutions, while maintaining that area as a puppet or client state to accomplish the aims of the imperial power . However, particularly advanced powers may use methods, including faster - than - light travel, to make centralized administration more effective . </P>

How do you think this will affect the development of civilization in the americas