<P> Fire is presented as a tool meeting many survival needs . The heat provided by a fire warms the body, dries wet clothes, disinfects water, and cooks food . Not to be overlooked is the psychological boost and the sense of safety and protection it gives . In the wild, fire can provide a sensation of home, a focal point, in addition to being an essential energy source . Fire may deter wild animals from interfering with a survivor, however wild animals may be attracted to the light and heat of a fire . </P> <P> A human being can survive an average of three to five days without the intake of water . The issues presented by the need for water dictate that unnecessary water loss by perspiration be avoided in survival situations . The need for water increases with exercise . </P> <P> A typical person will lose minimally two to maximally four liters of water per day under ordinary conditions, and more in hot, dry, or cold weather . Four to six liters of water or other liquids are generally required each day in the wilderness to avoid dehydration and to keep the body functioning properly . The U.S. Army survival manual does not recommend drinking water only when thirsty, as this leads to underhydrating . Instead, water should be drunk at regular intervals . Other groups recommend rationing water through "water discipline". </P> <P> A lack of water causes dehydration, which may result in lethargy, headaches, dizziness, confusion, and eventually death . Even mild dehydration reduces endurance and impairs concentration, which is dangerous in a survival situation where clear thinking is essential . Dark yellow or brown urine is a diagnostic indicator of dehydration . To avoid dehydration, a high priority is typically assigned to locating a supply of drinking water and making provision to render that water as safe as possible . </P>

Report on survival skills during different natural hazard