<P> Schoenberg was also an influential teacher of composition; his students included Alban Berg, Anton Webern, Hanns Eisler, Egon Wellesz, Nikos Skalkottas, and later John Cage, Lou Harrison, Earl Kim, Roberto Gerhard, Leon Kirchner, Dika Newlin, and other prominent musicians . Many of Schoenberg's practices, including the formalization of compositional method and his habit of openly inviting audiences to think analytically, are echoed in avant - garde musical thought throughout the 20th century . His often polemical views of music history and aesthetics were crucial to many significant 20th - century musicologists and critics, including Theodor W. Adorno, Charles Rosen, and Carl Dahlhaus, as well as the pianists Artur Schnabel, Rudolf Serkin, Eduard Steuermann, and Glenn Gould . </P> <P> Schoenberg's archival legacy is collected at the Arnold Schönberg Center in Vienna . </P> <P> Arnold Schoenberg was born into a lower middle - class Jewish family in the Leopoldstadt district (in earlier times a Jewish ghetto) of Vienna, at "Obere Donaustraße 5". His father Samuel, a native of Pressburg (now Bratislava), was a shoe - shopkeeper, and his mother Pauline Schoenberg (née Nachod), a native of Prague, was a piano teacher (Helm 2006--2017). Arnold was largely self - taught . He took only counterpoint lessons with the composer Alexander Zemlinsky, who was to become his first brother - in - law (Beaumont 2000, 87). </P> <P> In his twenties, Schoenberg earned a living by orchestrating operettas, while composing his own works, such as the string sextet Verklärte Nacht ("Transfigured Night") (1899). He later made an orchestral version of this, which became one of his most popular pieces . Both Richard Strauss and Gustav Mahler recognized Schoenberg's significance as a composer; Strauss when he encountered Schoenberg's Gurre - Lieder, and Mahler after hearing several of Schoenberg's early works . </P>

What musical composition of schoenberg uses an atonal system