<P> "...What is evident from the project record is that the Army Corps of Engineers recommended raising the canal floodwalls for the 17th Street Canal, but recommended gated structures at the mouths of the Orleans and London Avenue Canals because the latter plan was less expensive . The OLB convinced Congress to pass legislation that required the Corps to raise the floodwalls for all three canals . Furthermore, the Corps, in a separate attempt to limit project costs, initiated a sheet pile load test (E-99 Study), but misinterpreted the results and wrongly concluded that sheet piles needed to be driven to depths of only 17 feet (1 foot 1⁄4 0.3048 meters) instead of between 31 and 46 feet . That decision saved approximately US $100 million, but significantly reduced overall engineering reliability ..." </P> <P> According to Professor Raymond Seed of the University of California, Berkeley, a surge of water estimated at 24 feet (7 m), about 10 feet (3 m) higher than the height of the levees along the city's eastern flank, swept into New Orleans from the Gulf of Mexico, causing most of the flooding in the city . He said that storm surge from Lake Borgne travelling up the Intracoastal Waterway caused the breaches on the Industrial Canal . </P> <P> Aerial evaluation revealed damage to approximately 90% of some levee systems in the east which should have protected St. Bernard Parish . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section needs to be updated . Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information . (April 2016) </Td> </Tr> </Table>

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