<Li> Stage III - building oral fluency in L2 . Introduction of literacy in L2 . </Li> <Li> Stage IV - using both L1 and L2 for lifelong learning . </Li> <P> MLE proponents stress that the second language acquisition component is seen as a "two - way" bridge, such that learners gain the ability to move back and forth between their mother tongue and the other tongue (s), rather than simply a transitional literacy program where reading through the mother tongue is abandoned at some stage in the education . </P> <P> Based on the theories of Multilingual Education that are spelled out here, Andhra Pradesh and Orissa have adopted a thematic approach to multilingual education . Using a seasonal calendar within a relevant cultural context has provided a space to the tribal children of Orissa and Andhra Pradesh to rediscover their culture through their language . The Multilingual Education in this approach emphasizes first language first in the child taking the socio - cultural curriculum in to classroom culture and then bridge to second language . In addition to the basic theory of Paulo Freire on critical pedagogy, Gramscian theory on education, Lev Vigostky's scaffolding and Piaget's theory of cognition is applied in the Multilingual Education . The unique thing in this approach is to involve the community in creating their own curriculum and minimise the theoretical hegemony, thereby creating a new set of people who believe in the ethics of creating and sharing knowledge for the society than to limit it to the theoreticians . </P>

When did multilingual education program start in odisha