<P> Protein synthesis is the process whereby biological cells generate new proteins; it is balanced by the loss of cellular proteins via degradation or export . Translation, the assembly of amino acids by ribosomes, is an essential part of the biosynthetic pathway, along with generation of messenger RNA (mRNA), aminoacylation of transfer RNA (tRNA), co-translational transport, and post-translational modification . Protein biosynthesis is strictly regulated at multiple steps . They are principally during transcription (phenomena of RNA synthesis from DNA template) and translation (phenomena of amino acid assembly from RNA). </P> <P> The cistron DNA is transcribed into the first of a series of RNA intermediates . The last version is used as a template in synthesis of a polypeptide chain . Protein will often be synthesized directly from genes by translating mRNA . However, when a protein must be available on short notice or in large quantities, a protein precursor is produced . A proprotein is an inactive protein containing one or more inhibitory peptides that can be activated when the inhibitory sequence is removed by proteolysis during posttranslational modification . A preprotein is a form that contains a signal sequence (an N - terminal signal peptide) that specifies its insertion into or through membranes, i.e., targets them for secretion . The signal peptide is cleaved off in the endoplasmic reticulum . Preproproteins have both sequences (inhibitory and signal) still present . </P>

During the process of translation what is produced