<P> In 1909, public order laws and police was not a match to the ideals represented . Protesters were prepared to risk reprisals on the part of police and soldiers in order to express their grievances . In the three months following the new regime there were more than a 100 strikes: Mainly in Capitol and Thessalonica . Estimated that three - quarters of the labor force of the Empire went on strike . CUP had little time with' we the people' . An interesting point was; the strikes and revolts happened before and Sultan remained above criticism (Anatolian tax revolts in 1905 - 7) and bureaucrats and administrators deemed corrupt . This time CUP was not immune and took the blame . In the parliament LU accused the CUP of authoritarianism . Abdul Hamid's Grand Viziers Said and Kâmil Pasha and his Foreign Minister Tevfik Pasha continued in the office . They were now independent of the Sultan and were taking measures to strengthen the Porte against the encroachments of both the Palace and the CUP. Said and Kâmil were nevertheless men of the old regime . </P> <P> After nine months into the new government, discontent found expression in a fundamentalist movement which attempted to dismantle Constitution and revert it with a monarchy . The Ottoman counter-coup of 1909 gained traction when Sultan promised to restore the Caliphate, eliminate secular policies, and restore the rule of Islamic law, as the mutinous troops claimed . CUP also eliminated the time for religious observance . Unfortunately for the advocates of representative parliamentary government, mutinous demonstrations by disenfranchised regimental officers broke out on 13 April 1909, which led to the collapse of the government . On 27 April 1909 counter-coup put down by "31 March Incident" using the 11th Salonika Reserve Infantry Division of the Third Army . Some of the leaders of Bulgarian federalist wing like Sandanski and Chernopeev participated in the march on Capital to depose the "attempt to dismantle constitution". Abdul Hamid II was removed from the throne, and Mehmed V became the Sultan . </P> <P> The Albanians of Tirana and Elbassan, where the Albanian National Awakening spread, were among the first groups to join the constitutional movement . Hoping that it would gain their people autonomy within the empire . However, due to shifting national borders in the Balkans, the Albanians had been marginalized as a nation-less people . The most significant factor uniting the Albanians, their spoken language, lacked a standard literary form and even a standard alphabet . Under the new regime the Ottoman ban on Albanian - language schools and on writing the Albanian language lifted . The new regime also appealed for Islamic solidarity to break the Albanians' unity and used the Muslim clergy to try to impose the Arabic alphabet . The Albanians refused to submit to the campaign to "Ottomanize" them by force . As a consequence, Albanian intellectuals meeting, the Congress of Manastir on 22 November 1908, chose the Latin alphabet as a standard script . </P> <P> After the 31 March Incident in 1909, the Sultan Abdul Hamid II was overthrown . </P>

What factors led to the decline of the ottoman empire after world war i