<P> Abd al - Qādir is recognized and venerated as the first hero of Algerian independence . Not without cause, his green and white standard was adopted by the Algerian Liberation Front during the War of Independence and became the national flag of independent Algeria . </P> <P> The Algerian Civil War (1991--2002) was an armed conflict between the Algerian government and various Islamist rebel groups which began in 1991 . By 1997, the organized jihad in Algeria had disintegrated into criminal thuggery and Algeria was wracked by massacres of intense brutality and unprecedented size . </P> <P> The Cham Muslims under Katip Suma declared a Jihad against the Vietnamese invasion of Champa in 1832 under Emperor Minh Mang . </P> <P> Turkic Kokandi Uzbek Muslim forces under Yaqub Beg declared a Jihad against Chinese Muslims under T'o Ming during the Dungan revolt . Yaqub Beg enlisted non Muslim Han Chinese militia under Hsu Hsuehkung in order to fight against the Chinese Muslims . T'o Ming's forces were defeated by Yaqub, who planned to conquer Dzungharia . Yaqub intended to seize all Dungan territory . </P>

In the time of islamic empires to what did the word domain refer