<P> Repeat the iterative design process until a sensible, user - friendly interface is created . </P> <P> A number of diverse methodologies outlining techniques for human - computer interaction design have emerged since the rise of the field in the 1980s . Most design methodologies stem from a model for how users, designers, and technical systems interact . Early methodologies, for example, treated users' cognitive processes as predictable and quantifiable and encouraged design practitioners to look to cognitive science results in areas such as memory and attention when designing user interfaces . Modern models tend to focus on a constant feedback and conversation between users, designers, and engineers and push for technical systems to be wrapped around the types of experiences users want to have, rather than wrapping user experience around a completed system . </P> <Ul> <Li> Activity theory: used in HCI to define and study the context in which human interactions with computers take place . Activity theory provides a framework to reason about actions in these contexts, analytical tools with the format of checklists of items that researchers should consider, and informs design of interactions from an activity - centric perspective . </Li> <Li> User - centered design: user - centered design (UCD) is a modern, widely practiced design philosophy rooted in the idea that users must take center - stage in the design of any computer system . Users, designers and technical practitioners work together to articulate the wants, needs and limitations of the user and create a system that addresses these elements . Often, user - centered design projects are informed by ethnographic studies of the environments in which users will be interacting with the system . This practice is similar but not identical to participatory design, which emphasizes the possibility for end - users to contribute actively through shared design sessions and workshops . </Li> <Li> Principles of user interface design: these are seven principles of user interface design that may be considered at any time during the design of a user interface in any order: tolerance, simplicity, visibility, affordance, consistency, structure and feedback . </Li> <Li> Value sensitive design: Value Sensitive Design (VSD) is a method for building technology that account for the values of the people who use the technology directly, as well as those who the technology affects, either directly or indirectly . VSD uses an iterative design process that involves three types of investigations: conceptual, empirical and technical . Conceptual investigations aim at understanding and articulating the various stakeholders of the technology, as well as their values and any values conflicts that might arise for these stakeholders through the use of the technology . Empirical investigations are qualitative or quantitative design research studies used to inform the designers' understanding of the users' values, needs, and practices . Technical investigations can involve either analysis of how people use related technologies, or the design of systems to support values identified in the conceptual and empirical investigations . </Li> </Ul> <Li> Activity theory: used in HCI to define and study the context in which human interactions with computers take place . Activity theory provides a framework to reason about actions in these contexts, analytical tools with the format of checklists of items that researchers should consider, and informs design of interactions from an activity - centric perspective . </Li>

Which of the following fields is not an influence on hmi