<P> Critics also note the entertaining methods used to drive the plot . When Atticus is out of town, Jem locks a Sunday school classmate in the church basement with the furnace during a game of Shadrach . This prompts their black housekeeper Calpurnia to escort Scout and Jem to her church, which allows the children a glimpse into her personal life, as well as Tom Robinson's . Scout falls asleep during the Halloween pageant and makes a tardy entrance onstage, causing the audience to laugh uproariously . She is so distracted and embarrassed that she prefers to go home in her ham costume, which saves her life . </P> <P> Scholars have characterized To Kill a Mockingbird as both a Southern Gothic and a Bildungsroman . The grotesque and near - supernatural qualities of Boo Radley and his house, and the element of racial injustice involving Tom Robinson, contribute to the aura of the Gothic in the novel . Lee used the term "Gothic" to describe the architecture of Maycomb's courthouse and in regard to Dill's exaggeratedly morbid performances as Boo Radley . Outsiders are also an important element of Southern Gothic texts and Scout and Jem's questions about the hierarchy in the town cause scholars to compare the novel to Catcher in the Rye and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn . Despite challenging the town's systems, Scout reveres Atticus as an authority above all others, because he believes that following one's conscience is the highest priority, even when the result is social ostracism . However, scholars debate about the Southern Gothic classification, noting that Boo Radley is in fact human, protective, and benevolent . Furthermore, in addressing themes such as alcoholism, incest, rape, and racial violence, Lee wrote about her small town realistically rather than melodramatically . She portrays the problems of individual characters as universal underlying issues in every society . </P> <P> As children coming of age, Scout and Jem face hard realities and learn from them . Lee seems to examine Jem's sense of loss about how his neighbors have disappointed him more than Scout's . Jem says to their neighbor Miss Maudie the day after the trial, "It's like bein' a caterpillar wrapped in a cocoon...I always thought Maycomb folks were the best folks in the world, least that's what they seemed like". This leads him to struggle with understanding the separations of race and class . Just as the novel is an illustration of the changes Jem faces, it is also an exploration of the realities Scout must face as an atypical girl on the verge of womanhood . As one scholar writes, "To Kill a Mockingbird can be read as a feminist Bildungsroman, for Scout emerges from her childhood experiences with a clear sense of her place in her community and an awareness of her potential power as the woman she will one day be ." </P> <P>--Claudia Johnson in To Kill a Mockingbird: Threatening Boundaries, 1994 </P>

Summary of the book to kill a mockingbird