<P> Other original elements of the Sardinian civilization include the temples known as "Sacred Pits", perhaps dedicated to the holy water related to the Moon and astronomical cycles, the Giants' graves, the Megaron temples, several structures for juridical and leisure functions, and some refined statuettes . Some of them have been discovered in Etruscan tombs, suggesting a strong relationship between the two peoples . </P> <P> Italy gradually enters the proto - historical period in the 8th century BCE, with the introduction of the Phoenician script and its adaptation in various regional variants . </P> <P> The name Italia was in origin applied only to a portion of what is now Calabria, possibly from an Oscan name Víteliú, interpreted as "(land) of young cattle". It was not applied to the entire peninsula (now under Roman rule) until the 1st century BCE . </P> <P> The Etruscan civilization flourished in central Italy after 800 BCE . The origins of the Etruscans are lost in prehistory . The main hypotheses are that they are indigenous, probably stemming from the Villanovan culture, or that they are the result of invasion from the north or the Near East . A more recent study has suggested a Near Eastern origin . The researchers conclude that their data, taken from the modern Tuscan population,' support the scenario of a post-Neolithic genetic input from the Near East to the present - day population of Tuscany' . In the absence of any dating evidence there is however no direct link between this genetic input and the Etruscans . By contrast, a mitochondrial DNA study of 2013 has suggested that the Etruscans were probably an indigenous population . Among ancient populations, ancient Etruscans are found to be closest to a Neolithic population from Central Europe . </P>

When was italy established with its current name
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