<Li> Tripolitania (1911) </Li> <Li> South Africa (1914) </Li> <P> The Second Boer War (11 October 1899--31 May 1902) was fought between the British Empire and two Boer states, the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State, over the Empire's influence in South Africa . It is also known variously as the Boer War, Anglo - Boer War, or South African War . Initial Boer attacks were successful, and although British reinforcements later reversed these, the war continued for years with Boer guerrilla warfare, until harsh British counter-measures brought them to terms . </P> <P> The war started with the British overconfident and under - prepared . The Boers were very well armed and struck first, besieging Ladysmith, Kimberley, and Mahikeng in early 1900, and winning important battles at Colenso, Magersfontein and Stormberg . Staggered, the British brought in large numbers of soldiers and fought back . General Redvers Buller was replaced by Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener . They relieved the three besieged cities, and invaded the two Boer republics in late 1900 . The onward marches of the British Army, well over 400,000 men, were so overwhelming that the Boers did not fight staged battles in defence of their homeland . The British quickly seized control of all of the Orange Free State and Transvaal, as the civilian leadership went into hiding or exile . In conventional terms, the war was over . The British officially annexed the two countries in 1900, and called a "khaki election" to give the government another six years of power in London . British military efforts were aided by Cape Colony, the Colony of Natal and some native African allies, and further supported by volunteers from the British Empire, including Southern Africa, the Australian colonies, Canada, India and New Zealand . All other nations were neutral, but public opinion in them was largely hostile to the British . Inside the UK and its Empire there also was significant opposition to the Second Boer War . </P>

Who did britain fight in the boer war