<P> Wilson wanted no mandates for the United States; his top advisor Colonel House was deeply involved in awarding the others . Wilson was especially offended by Australian demands . He and Hughes had some memorable clashes, with the most famous being: </P> <P> Wilson: "But after all, you speak for only five million people ." Hughes: "I represent sixty thousand dead ." (The much larger United States had suffered 50,000 deaths .) </P> <P> Prior to Wilson's arrival in Europe in December 1918, no American president had ever visited Europe while in office . Wilson's Fourteen Points, of a year earlier, had helped win the hearts and minds of many as the war ended; these included Americans and Europeans generally, as well as Germany, its allies and the former subjects of the Ottoman Empire specifically . </P> <P> Wilson's diplomacy and his Fourteen Points had essentially established the conditions for the armistices that had brought an end to World War I. Wilson felt it was his duty and obligation to the people of the world to be a prominent figure at the peace negotiations . High hopes and expectations were placed on him to deliver what he had promised for the post-war era . In doing so, Wilson ultimately began to lead the foreign policy of the United States toward interventionism, a move strongly resisted in some domestic circles . </P>

An overall result of the paris peace settlement of 1919 was that