<P> Imperialism: A Study (1902) established Hobson's international reputation in political science . His geopolitical propositions influenced the work of prominent figures such as Nikolai Bukharin, Vladimir Lenin, and Hannah Arendt . In particular, Lenin drew much from Imperialism: A Study to support and substantiate Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism (1916), which then was a contemporary, war - time analysis of the geopolitical crises of the imperial empires of Europe that culminated in the First World War (1914--18). </P> <P> In Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism, Lenin said that Karl Kautsky had taken the idea of ultra-imperialism from the work of J.A. Hobson, and that: </P> <P> Ultra-imperialism, or super-imperialism, (was) what Hobson, thirteen years earlier, (had) described as inter-imperialism . Except for coining a new and clever catch - word, replacing one Latin prefix by another, the only progress (that) Kautsky has made, in the sphere of' scientific' thought, is that he gave out, as Marxism, what Hobson, in effect, (had) described as the cant of English parsons . </P> <P> Moreover, Lenin ideologically disagreed with Hobson's opinion that capitalism, as an economic system, could be separated from imperialism; instead, he proposed that, because of the economic competitions that had provoked the First World War, capitalism had come to its end as a functional socio - economic system, and that it would be replaced by pacifist socialism, in order for imperialism to end . Nevertheless, Hobson's influence in Lenin's writings became orthodoxy for all Marxist historians . </P>

How according to hobson does imperialism affect british and international politics