<P> Calendrical and commemorative rites are ritual events marking particular times of year, or a fixed period since an important event . Calendrical rituals give social meaning to the passage of time, creating repetitive weekly, monthly or yearly cycles . Some rites are oriented towards seasonal changes, and may be fixed by the solar or lunar calendar . Those fixed by the solar calendar fall on the same day (of the Gregorian, Solar calendar) each year (such as New Years Day on the first of January) while those calculated by the lunar calendar fall on different dates (of the Gregorian, Solar calendar) each year (such as Chinese lunar New Year). Calendrical rites impose a cultural order on nature . Mircea Eliade states that the calendrical rituals of many religious traditions recall and commemorate the basic beliefs of a community, and their yearly celebration establishes a link between past and present, as if the original events are happening over again: "Thus the gods did; thus men do ." </P> <P> This genre of ritual encompasses forms of sacrifice and offering meant to praise, please or placate divine powers . According to early anthropologist Edward Tylor, such sacrifices are gifts given in hope of a return . Catherine Bell, however, points out that sacrifice covers a range of practices from those that are manipulative and "magical" to those of pure devotion . Hindu puja, for example, appear to have no other purpose than to please the deity . </P> <P> According to Marcel Mauss, sacrifice is distinguished from other forms of offering by being consecrated, and hence sanctified . As a consequence, the offering is usually destroyed in the ritual to transfer it to the deities . </P> <P> Anthropologist Victor Turner defines rites of affliction actions that seek to mitigate spirits that inflict humans with misfortune . These rites may include forms of spirit divination (consulting oracles) to establish causes--and rituals that heal, purify, exorcise, and protect . The misfortune experienced may include individual health, but also broader climate - related issues such as drought or plagues of insects . Healing rites performed by shamans frequently identify social disorder as the cause, and make the restoration of social relationships the cure . </P>

To which religion is the ritual mangenna related