<P> Historically, the Pawnee lived in large earth lodge villages with adjacent farmlands . They used tipis when traveling . With the arrival of horses, the Pawnee retained their agricultural lifestyle, with the tribal economic activities throughout the year alternating between farming crops and hunting buffalo . </P> <P> In the early 19th century, the Pawnee numbered over 10,000 people and were one of the largest and most powerful tribes in the west . Although dominating the Loup (ickariʾ) and Platte (kíckatuus) river areas for centuries, they later suffered from increasing encroachment and attrition by their numerically superior, nomadic enemies the Lakota (páhriksukat / paahíksukat) ("cut throat / cuts the throat"), Cheyenne (sáhe / sáhi), and Arapaho (sáriʾitihka) ("dog eater") - known to the Pawnee collectively as cárarat ("enemy tribe") or cahriksuupiíruʾ ("enemy"), later they were occasionally at war with the Comanche (raaríhtaʾ) and Kiowa (káʾiwa) farther south . They had suffered many losses due to diseases brought by the expanding Europeans . By 1860, the Pawnee population was reduced to 4000 . It further decreased, because of disease, crop failure and warfare, to approximately 2400 by 1873, after which time they were forced to move to Indian Territory in Oklahoma . Many Pawnee warriors enlisted to serve as Indian scouts in the US Army to track and fight their tribal enemies resisting European - American expansion on the Great Plains . </P> <P> There are approximately 3200 enrolled Pawnee and nearly all reside in Oklahoma . Their tribal headquarters is in Pawnee, Oklahoma, and their tribal jurisdictional area is in parts of Noble, Payne, and Pawnee counties . The tribal constitution establishes the government of the Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma . This government consists of the Resaru Council, the Pawnee Business Council, and the Supreme Court . Enrollment into the tribe requires a minimum ⁄ blood quantum . </P> <P> The Resaru Council, also known as the "Chiefs Council" consists of eight members, each serving four - year terms . Each band has two representatives on the Resaru Council selected by the members of the tribal bands, Cawi, Kitkahaki, Pitahawirata and Ckiri . The Resaru Council has the right to review all acts of the Pawnee Business Council regarding the Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma membership and Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma claims or rights growing out of treaties between the Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma and the United States according to provision listed in the Pawnee Nation Constitution . </P>

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