<Tr> <Th> Added to NRHP </Th> <Td> June 23, 1976 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Designated NHLD </Th> <Td> January 17, 1986 </Td> </Tr> <P> Alcatraz Island (/ ˈælkəˌtræz /) is located in San Francisco Bay, 1.25 miles (2.01 km) offshore from San Francisco, California, United States . The small island was developed with facilities for a lighthouse, a military fortification, a military prison (1828), and a federal prison from 1934 until 1963 . Beginning in November 1969, the island was occupied for more than 19 months by a group of Native Americans from San Francisco, who were part of a wave of Native activism across the nation, with public protests through the 1970s . In 1972, Alcatraz became part of a national recreation area and received designation as a National Historic Landmark in 1986 . </P> <P> Today, the island's facilities are managed by the National Park Service as part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area; it is open to tours . Visitors can reach the island in a little under 15 minutes by ferry ride from Pier 33, located between the San Francisco Ferry Building and Fisherman's Wharf, San Francisco . Hornblower Cruises and Events, operating under the name Alcatraz Cruises, is the official ferry provider to and from the island . </P>

When did alcatraz open as a federal prison