<P> It took until 1954 before the human diploid number was confirmed as 46 . Considering the techniques of Winiwarter and Painter, their results were quite remarkable . Chimpanzees, the closest living relatives to modern humans, have 48 chromosomes as do the other great apes: in humans two chromosomes fused to form chromosome 2 . </P> <P> (See Also: Argument from authority #Inaccurate chromosome number) </P> <P> Chromosomal aberrations are disruptions in the normal chromosomal content of a cell and are a major cause of genetic conditions in humans, such as Down syndrome, although most aberrations have little to no effect . Some chromosome abnormalities do not cause disease in carriers, such as translocations, or chromosomal inversions, although they may lead to a higher chance of bearing a child with a chromosome disorder . Abnormal numbers of chromosomes or chromosome sets, called aneuploidy, may be lethal or may give rise to genetic disorders . Genetic counseling is offered for families that may carry a chromosome rearrangement . </P> <P> The gain or loss of DNA from chromosomes can lead to a variety of genetic disorders . Human examples include: </P>

Where are the chromosomes of most organisms located