<P> If the parliament wishes to codify the agreement entered into by the executive thereby making it enforceable by the courts of India, it may do so under Article 253 of the constitution . </P> <P> Treaty ratification was a Royal Prerogative, exercised by Her Majesty on the advice of her Government . By a convention called the Ponsonby Rule, treaties were usually placed before parliament for 21 days before ratification . It was put onto a statutory footing by the Constitutional Reform and Governance Act 2010 . </P> <P> Treaty power is a co-ordinated effort between the Executive branch and the Senate . The President may form and negotiate, but the treaty must be advised and consented to by a two - thirds vote in the Senate . Only after the Senate approves the treaty can the President ratify it . Once it is ratified, it becomes binding on all the states under the Supremacy Clause . While the House of Representatives does not vote on it at all, the requirement for the Senate's advice and consent to ratification makes it considerably more difficult to rally enough political support for international treaties . Also, if implementation of the treaty requires the expenditure of funds, the House of Representatives may be able to block or at least impede such implementation by refusing to vote for the appropriation of the necessary funds . </P> <P> The President usually submits a treaty to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee (SFRC) along with an accompanying resolution of ratification or accession . If the treaty and resolution receive favorable committee consideration (a committee vote in favor of ratification or accession), the treaty is then forwarded to the floor of the full Senate for such a vote . The treaty or legislation does not apply until it has been ratified . A multilateral agreement may provide that it will take effect upon its ratification by less than all of the signatories . Even though such a treaty takes effect, it does not apply to signatories that have not ratified it . Accession has the same legal effect as ratification, for treaties already negotiated and signed by other states . An example of a treaty to which the Senate did not advise and consent to ratification is the Treaty of Versailles, which failed to garner support because of the Covenant of the League of Nations . </P>

Who has the power to ratify a treaty