<P> Professionals and those working in acknowledged professions exercise specialist knowledge and skill . How the use of this knowledge should be governed when providing a service to the public can be considered a moral issue and is termed professional ethics . </P> <P> It is capable of making judgments, applying their skills, and reaching informed decisions in situations that the general public cannot because they have not attained the necessary knowledge and skills . One of the earliest examples of professional ethics is the Hippocratic oath to which medical doctors still adhere to this day . </P> <P> Some professional organizations may define their ethical approach in terms of a number of discrete components . Typically these include: </P> <Ul> <Li> Honesty </Li> <Li> Integrity </Li> <Li> Transparency </Li> <Li> Accountability </Li> <Li> Confidentiality </Li> <Li> Objectivity </Li> <Li> Respect </Li> <Li> Obedience to the law </Li> <Li> Loyalty </Li> </Ul>

Concept and practice of academic and professional integrity