<P> During the reign of Thutmose III (circa 1479--1425 BCE) in the New Kingdom, after the foreign rule of the Hyksos during the Second Intermediate Period, pharaoh became the form of address for a person who was king . </P> <P> The earliest instance where pr - ʕ3 is used specifically to address the ruler is in a letter to Amenhotep IV (Akhenaten), who reigned circa 1353--1336 BCE, which is addressed to "Pharaoh, all life, prosperity, and health". During the eighteenth dynasty (16th to 14th centuries BCE) the title pharaoh was employed as a reverential designation of the ruler . About the late twenty - first dynasty (10th century BCE), however, instead of being used alone as before, it began to be added to the other titles before the ruler's name, and from the twenty - fifth dynasty (eighth to seventh centuries BCE) it was, at least in ordinary usage, the only epithet prefixed to the royal appellative . </P> <P> From the nineteenth dynasty onward pr - ʕ3 on its own was used as regularly as ḥm, "Majesty". The term, therefore, evolved from a word specifically referring to a building to a respectful designation for the ruler, particularly by the twenty - second dynasty and twenty - third dynasty . </P> <P> For instance, the first dated appearance of the title pharaoh being attached to a ruler's name occurs in Year 17 of Siamun on a fragment from the Karnak Priestly Annals . Here, an induction of an individual to the Amun priesthood is dated specifically to the reign of Pharaoh Siamun . This new practice was continued under his successor Psusennes II and the twenty - second dynasty kings . For instance, the Large Dakhla stela is specifically dated to Year 5 of king "Pharaoh Shoshenk, beloved of Amun", whom all Egyptologists concur was Shoshenq I--the founder of the Twenty - second dynasty--including Alan Gardiner in his original 1933 publication of this stela . Shoshenq I was the second successor of Siamun . Meanwhile, the old custom of referring to the sovereign simply as pr - ʕ3 continued in traditional Egyptian narratives . </P>

Who does the pharaoh use to help him rule