<P> Accommodative esotropia (also called refractive esotropia) is an inward turning of the eyes due to efforts of accommodation . It is often seen in patients with moderate amounts of hyperopia . The person with hyperopia, in an attempt to "accommodate" or focus the eyes, converges the eyes as well, as convergence is associated with activation of the accommodation reflex . The over-convergence associated with the extra accommodation required to overcome a hyperopic refractive error can precipitate a loss of binocular control and lead to the development of esotropia . </P> <P> The chances of an esotropia developing in a hyperopic child will depend to some degree on the amount of hyperopia present . Where the degree of error is small, the child will typically be able to maintain control because the amount of over-accommodation required to produce clear vision is also small . Where the degree of hyperopia is large, the child may not be able to produce clear vision no matter how much extra-accommodation is exerted and thus no incentive exists for the over-accommodation and convergence that can give rise to the onset of esotropia . However, where the degree of error is small enough to allow the child to generate clear vision by over-accommodation, but large enough to disrupt their binocular control, esotropia will result . </P> <P> Only about 20% of children with hyperopia greater than + 3.5 diopters develop strabismus . </P> <P> Where the esotropia is solely a consequence of uncorrected hyperopic refractive error, providing the child with the correct glasses and ensuring that these are worn all the time, is often enough to control the deviation . In such cases, known as' fully accommodative esotropias,' the esotropia will only be seen when the child removes their glasses . Many adults with childhood esotropias of this type make use of contact lenses to control their' squint .' Some undergo refractive surgery for this purpose . </P>

Which of the following is the term for crossed eyes