<Li> White roofs: Painting rooftops white has become a common strategy to reduce the heat island effect . In cities, there are many dark colored surfaces that absorb the heat of the sun in turn lowering the albedo of the city . White rooftops allow high solar reflectance and high solar emittance, increasing the albedo of the city or area the effect is occurring . </Li> <Li> Green roofs: Green roofs are another method of decreasing the urban heat island effect . Green roofery is the practice of having vegetation on a roof; such as having trees or a garden . The plants that are on the roof increase the albedo and decreases the urban heat island effect . This method has been studied and criticized for the fact that green roofs are affected by climatic conditions, green roof variables are hard to measure, and are very complex systems </Li> <Li> Planting trees in cities: Planting trees around the city can be another way of increasing albedo and decreasing the urban heat island effect . Trees absorb carbon dioxide and provide shade . It is recommended to plant deciduous trees because they can provide many benefits such as more shade in the summer and not blocking warmth of winter </Li> <Li> Green parking lots: Green parking lots use surfaces other than asphalt and vegetation to limit the impact urban heat island effect . </Li>

Which of the following can increase the heat island effect in urban areas