<Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article may lend undue weight to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies . Please help to create a more neutral presentation, with details put in their proper context . Discuss and resolve this issue before removing this message . (May 2018) </Td> </Tr> <P> Vote buying and the overall practice of clientelism is widespread in Argentina . One of the main perpetrators of these illegal activities were the Peronist party . The relationship between voters and Peronist candidates are such that voters are offered particular goods, services, favors or monetary compensation in exchange for their political support for the party . These rewards could include a job, medicine, a roof, clothing, foods, and other goods or services . The case of Argentina in particular in that it relies heavily on face - to - face and day - to - day interactions between "brokers" who act as middlemen and voters . Since many of the communities in Argentina are ridden with poverty and are in need of these particular resources, it is these communities that have proven to be the demographic that is targeted for voted buying . Additionally, vote buying in this region focuses on citizens who are not strongly in favour or opposed to the political machine, and whose political loyalty does not necessarily lie with one party or another . In this way, vote buying acts as a mechanism to sway the decisions of weakly opposed voters . In a study done by Susan C. Stokes, she finds that the brokers in these communities are known to all the citizens and have access to the necessary resources from the municipality . They maintain relationships with the voters and grant them rewards and favors continuously in order to keep the party they work for in the office . This is one main explanation for why many lower - income voters are seen voting for populist leaders, as well as authoritarian ones . Many citizens view these brokers as positive pillars in their lives and have the utmost respect for the help they distribute . However, others view them as hands of corruption . Stokes further explains that the capacity of these brokers is constrained due to the fact that they can only maintain this type of transactional relationship with a limited number of voters . Furthermore, the brokers have the additional responsibility of maintaining trusting and solid relationships with their resource suppliers . Without these strong ties, they will have no means through which to carry out vote - buying practices . </P> <P> The prevalence of vote buying in Latin America varies from country to country . Mexico is another Latin American country in which vote buying takes place in a significant way . Similarly to Argentina, it has been found that it's occurrence in Mexico is most likely in rural and poor regions of the country . There are many instances of vote buying that have occurred in the history of Mexican elections, however, there are two main instances of fund in the literature that occurred in the last two decades . The first was the 2006 Mexican election, where it was found that 8.8% of the population who is not a beneficiary of a social program was offered compensation for their vote . Secondly, the years 2007 and 2013 were governed by the Party of the Democratic Revolution in Mexico . During this time, Andres Granier, a Mexican politician was responsible for the government's budget under Governor Tabasco . It was found that the government's budget was being diverted to alternate causes by Granier . Granier was later found to be engaging in many corrupt acts such as giving government jobs to friends and family . But he was also found to be engaging in vote buying activities in the form of handing out loads of cash to voters who promised to garner their political support for the party . </P> <P> Much of the politics in Africa is characterized and influenced by material inducement in the form of vote buying or political intimidation . On a self - reported survey that was conducted, 1 in 5 Nigerian has experienced an offer for their vote . The rewards offered by Nigerian politicians include money, commodities such as food and clothing, or a job . This number indicates that vote buying in Nigeria is relatively common . In countries such as Nigeria where vote buying is common, researchers often conduct studies about the perception of such corruption among the local population . The study done by (citation) had an interesting finding in that although the practice of vote buying is widespread, 58% of Nigerians surveyed at the time of the 2007 election viewed vote buying as immoral . An even more interesting finding however was that even though so many Nigerians viewed the practice as immoral, when asked if they thought it was wrong to accept rewards or monetary compensation for your vote, 78% said no . One factor that needs to be iterated when it comes to studies that are based on surveys is that since vote buying is illegal in most countries, a researcher's ability to collect accurate data is hindered . This is because many citizens may not feel comfortable revealing their experience or involvement with corrupt activities, or fear that they will suffer repercussions from their governments for coming forward with such information . </P>

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