<P> After the establishment of a local Emirate, Caliph Al - Walid I, ruler of the Umayyad caliphate, removed many of the successful Muslim commanders . Tariq ibn Ziyad, the first governor of the newly conquered province of Al - Andalus, was recalled to Damascus and replaced with Musa bin Nusair, who had been his former superior . Musa's son, Abd al - Aziz ibn Musa, apparently married Egilona, Roderic's widow, and established his regional government in Seville . He was suspected of being under the influence of his wife and was accused of wanting to convert to Christianity and of planning a secessionist rebellion . Apparently a concerned Al - Walid I ordered Abd al - Aziz's assassination . Caliph Al - Walid I died in 715 and was succeeded by his brother Sulayman ibn Abd al - Malik . Sulayman seems to have punished the surviving Musa bin Nusair, who very soon died during a pilgrimage in 716 . In the end, Abd al - Aziz ibn Musa's cousin, Ayyub ibn Habib al - Lakhmi became the emir of Al - Andalus . </P> <P> The conquering generals were necessarily acting independently, due to the methods of communication available . Successful generals in the field and in a distant province would gain the personal loyalty of their officers and warriors and their ambitions were likely watched by certain circles of the distant government with a degree of concern and suspicion . Old rivalries and perhaps even full - fledged conspiracies between generals may have had influence over this development . In the end, the formerly successful generals were replaced by a younger generation considered more loyal to the government in Damascus . </P> <P> A serious weakness amongst the Muslim conquerors was the ethnic tension between Berbers and Arabs . The Berbers were indigenous inhabitants of North Africa who had only recently converted to Islam; they provided most of the soldiery of the invading Islamic armies but sensed Arab discrimination against them . This latent internal conflict jeopardized Muslim unity . </P> <P> After the Islamic Moorish conquest of most of the Iberian Peninsula in 711--718 and the establishment of the emirate of Al - Andalus, an Umayyad expedition suffered a major defeat at the Battle of Toulouse and was halted for a while on its way north . Odo of Aquitaine had married his daughter to Uthman ibn Naissa, a rebel Berber and lord of Cerdanya (maybe of current Catalonia too), in an attempt to secure his southern borders in order to fend off Charles Martel's attacks on the north . However, a major punitive expedition led by Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi, the latest emir of Al - Andalus, defeated and killed Uthman, and the Muslim governor mustered an expedition north across the western Pyrenees, looted areas up to Bordeaux, and defeated Odo in the Battle of the River Garonne in 732 . </P>

After the reconquista the part of the iberian peninsula that remained muslim was