<P> MLE proponents stress that the second language acquisition component is seen as a "two - way" bridge, such that learners gain the ability to move back and forth between their mother tongue and the other tongue (s), rather than simply a transitional literacy program where reading through the mother tongue is abandoned at some stage in the education . </P> <P> Based on the theories of Multilingual Education that are spelled out here, Andhra Pradesh and Orissa have adopted a thematic approach to multilingual education . Using a seasonal calendar within a relevant cultural context has provided a space to the tribal children of Orissa and Andhra Pradesh to rediscover their culture through their language . The Multilingual Education in this approach emphasizes first language first in the child taking the socio - cultural curriculum in to classroom culture and then bridge to second language . In addition to the basic theory of Paulo Freire on critical pedagogy, Gramscian theory on education, Lev Vigostky's scaffolding and Piaget's theory of cognition is applied in the Multilingual Education . The unique thing in this approach is to involve the community in creating their own curriculum and minimise the theoretical hegemony, thereby creating a new set of people who believe in the ethics of creating and sharing knowledge for the society than to limit it to the theoreticians . </P> <P> Odisha is a multilingual state having more than 40 ethnic language among the 62 scheduled tribes, along with the Modern Indian Languages like Hindi, Bengali and Telugu . To address the language - education of ethnic minorities children in schools, Odisha government started Multilingual Education programme, ten tribal languages . Led by Dr MAhendra Kumar Mishra, as the Director of Multilingual Education and guided by Prof. DP Pattanayak and Prof Khageswar Mahapatra, the eminent multilingual Experts, the state government started MLE programme in te tribal languages in 547 schools . 10 tribal languages were adopted . These are Santali, Saora, Kui, Kuvi, Koya, Kishan, Oroam, Juang, Bonda and Ho . Culturally responsive curriculum and text books were prepared for class i to Class V to maintain mother tongue based multilingual education to educate the tribal children . State government appointed teachers from the same language community in the schools to teach the tribal children. A language policy was also formulated . The programme was also supported by Summer Institute of Linguistics led by Mr Steve Simpson and Vicky Simpson, Pamela Mackenzie . The curriculum and text books were prepared by the tribal teachers guided by the MLE resource groups . It was initiated in 2005 and isnow running in 2250 schools with majority tribal children . This is a sustained MLE programme in Asian countries. About 7 Asian countries have visited the MLE schools . </P>

State policy on multilingual education in odisha 2014
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