<P> The best - known disaccharide is sucrose (table sugar). Hydrolysis of sucrose yields glucose and fructose . Invertase is a sucrase used industrially for the hydrolysis of sucrose to so - called invert sugar . Lactase is essential for digestive hydrolysis of lactose in milk; many adult humans do not produce lactase and cannot digest the lactose in milk (not a disorder). </P> <P> The hydrolysis of polysaccharides to soluble sugars is called "saccharification". Malt made from barley is used as a source of β - amylase to break down starch into the disaccharide maltose, which can be used by yeast to produce beer . Other amylase enzymes may convert starch to glucose or to oligosaccharides . Cellulose is first hydrolyzed to cellobiose by cellulase and then cellobiose is further hydrolyzed to glucose by beta - glucosidase . Animals such as cows (ruminants) are able to hydrolyze cellulose into cellobiose and then glucose because of symbiotic bacteria that produce cellulases . </P> <P> Metal ions are Lewis acids, and in aqueous solution they form metal aqua ions of the general formula M (H O). The aqua ions undergo hydrolysis, to a greater or lesser extent . The first hydrolysis step is given generically as </P> <Dl> <Dd> M (H O) + H O ⇌ M (H O) (OH) + H O </Dd> </Dl>

What is the substrate for the general reaction of hydrolysis of starch