<P> Abiotic components include physical conditions and non-living resources that affect living organisms in terms of growth, maintenance, and reproduction . Resources are distinguished as substances or objects in the environment required by one organism and consumed or otherwise made unavailable for use by other organisms . </P> <P> Component degradation of a substance occurs by chemical or physical processes, e.g. hydrolysis . All non-living components of an ecosystem, such as atmospheric conditions and water resources, are called abiotic components . </P> <P> In biology, abiotic factors can include water, light, radiation, temperature, humidity, atmosphere, and soil . The macroscopic climate often influences each of the above . Pressure and sound waves may also be considered in the context of marine or sub-terrestrial environments . Abiotic factors in ocean environments also include aerial exposure, substrate, water clarity, solar energy and tides . Consider the differences in the mechanics of C3, C4, and CAM plants in regulating the influx of carbon dioxide to the Calvin - Benson Cycle in relation to their abiotic stressors . C3 plants have no mechanisms to manage photorespiration, whereas C4 and CAM plants utilize a separate PEP Carboxylase enzyme to prevent photorespiration, thus increasing the yield of photosynthetic processes in certain high energy environments . </P> <P> Many Archea require very high temperatures, pressures or unusual concentrations of chemical substances such as sulfur; this is due to their specialization into extreme conditions . In addition, fungi have also evolved to survive at the temperature, the humidity, and stability of their environment . </P>

What are the abiotic factors associated with ecosystems