<P> Changing demographics of gender also affected religious doctrine . In an effort to give sermons that would resonate with the congregation, ministers stressed Christ's humility and forgiveness, in what the historian Barbara Welter calls a "feminization" of Christianity . </P> <Ul> <Li> Richard Allen, founder, African Methodist Episcopal Church </Li> <Li> Francis Asbury, Methodist, circuit rider and founder of the Methodist Episcopal Church </Li> <Li> Henry Ward Beecher, Congregationalist </Li> <Li> Lyman Beecher, Presbyterian, his father </Li> <Li> Antoinette Brown Blackwell, Congregationalist & later Unitarian, the first ordained female minister in the United States </Li> <Li> Alexander Campbell, Presbyterian, and early leader of the Restoration Movement </Li> <Li> Thomas Campbell Presbyterian, then early leader of the Restoration Movement </Li> <Li> Peter Cartwright, Methodist </Li> <Li> Lorenzo Dow, Methodist </Li> <Li> Timothy Dwight IV, Congregationalist </Li> <Li> Charles Finney, Presbyterian & anti-Calvinist </Li> <Li> "Black Harry" Hosier, Methodist, the first African American to preach to a white congregation </Li> <Li> Ann Lee, Shakers </Li> <Li> Jarena Lee, Methodist, a female AME circuit rider </Li> <Li> Robert Matthews, cult following as Matthias the Prophet </Li> <Li> William Miller, Millerism, forerunner of Adventism </Li> <Li> Asahel Nettleton, Reformed </Li> <Li> Benjamin Randall, Free Will Baptist </Li> <Li> Joseph Smith, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter - day Saints </Li> <Li> Barton Stone, Presbyterian non-Calvinist, then early leader of the Restoration Movement </Li> <Li> Nathaniel William Taylor, heterodox Calvinist </Li> <Li> Ellen G. White, Seventh - day Adventist Church </Li> </Ul> <Li> Richard Allen, founder, African Methodist Episcopal Church </Li> <Li> Francis Asbury, Methodist, circuit rider and founder of the Methodist Episcopal Church </Li>

What were the causes of the second great awakening