<P> The main catalyst for change was the public's desire to know the actors' names . Film audiences repeatedly recognized certain performers in movies that they liked . Since they did not know the performers' names they gave them nicknames (such as "the Biograph Girl", Florence Lawrence, who was featured in Biograph movies). Audiences began to want movie stars . </P> <P> Producer Carl Laemmle promoted the first movie star . He was independent of the MPPC and used star promotion to fight the MPPC's control . Laemmle acquired Lawrence from Biograph . He spread a rumor that she had been killed in a streetcar accident . Then he combated this rumor by saying that she was doing fine and would be starring in an up - coming movie produced by his company, the Independent Moving Pictures Company (IMP). </P> <P> The development of film fan magazines gave fans knowledge about the actors outside of their film roles . Motion Picture Story Magazine (1911--1977) and Photoplay were initially focused on movies' stories, but soon found that more copies could be sold if they emphasized the actors . </P> <P> Also, precedents set by legitimate theater encouraged film to emulate the star system of the Broadway stage . Broadway stars in the late 19th century were treated much like film stars came to be treated by the middle of the 20th century . The main practitioner of the star system on Broadway was Charles Frohman, a man whom Zukor, Laemmle, Mayer, Fox and the Warner Brothers emulated and who later perished in the Lusitania sinking . </P>

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