<Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations . Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations . (September 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) </Td> </Tr> <P> The treaty ports refers to the port cities in China and Japan that were opened to foreign trade by the "unequal treaties" with the Western powers . </P> <P> The British established the first treaty ports in China at the conclusion of the First Opium War by the Treaty of Nanking in 1842 . As well as ceding the island of Hong Kong to the United Kingdom in perpetuity, the treaty also established five treaty ports at Shanghai, Canton (Guangzhou), Ningpo (Ningbo), Fuchow (Fuzhou), and Amoy (Xiamen). The following year the Chinese and British signed the Treaty of the Bogue, which added provisions for extraterritoriality and most favoured nation status for the latter country . Subsequent negotiations with the Americans (1843 Treaty of Wanghia) and the French (1844 Treaty of Whampoa) led to further concessions for these nations on the same terms as the British . </P> <P> The second group of treaty ports was set up following the end of the Arrow War in 1860 and eventually more than 80 treaty ports were established in China alone, involving many foreign powers . </P>

The original treaty ports negotiated in 1842-44 were within which part of china