<P> After thirty years of the book Vision (David Marr. 1982 . W.H. Freeman and Company), Tomaso Poggio adds one higher level beyond the computational level, that is the learning . </P> <P> I am not sure that Marr would agree, but I am tempted to add learning as the very top level of understanding, above the computational level . (...) Only then may we be able to build intelligent machines that could learn to see--and think--without the need to be programmed to do it . </P> <P> In political science, level of analysis is generally divided into three categories - individual, state, and international system, however newer discussions of globalization have led to a newer level of analysis to be considered . The three (or four) levels of analysis cannot describe every effect and there is unlimited number of levels between the three primary ones, levels of analysis will help understand how one force in political power affects another . Generally, power is the concept that collects all the analysis together . For example, the struggle for power may be the cause of war, but the struggle for power may originate in the individual human being's lust for power . The lust for power is individual level of analysis, while the struggle for power is systemic level of analysis . </P> <P> The individual level of analysis locates the cause of events in individual leaders or the immediate circle of decision makers within a particular country . It focuses on human actors on the world stage identifying the characteristics of human decision making . For example, the cause of World War I is from the particular leaders in power at that time . Kaiser Wilhelm II is considered to be the level from which the cause originated . It may have been his need for power to hide a sense of inferiority, or it may have been his inability to understand the intricacies of statecraft, the way Otto von Bismarck did . Or it may have been his idea about the monarchy and German destiny . All three possibilities are drawn from an individual level of analysis . </P>

Characteristics that are important at the state level of analysis include