<Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . (February 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . (February 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) </Td> </Tr> <P> In the United States, the X rating was applied to a film that contained content judged unsuitable for children, such as extreme violence, strongly implied sex, and graphic language . When the MPAA film rating system began in America on November 1, 1968, the X rating was given to a film by the MPAA if submitted to it or, due to its non-trademarked status, it could be self - applied to a film by a distributor that knew beforehand that its film contained content unsuitable for minors . From the late 1960s to about the mid-1980s, many mainstream films were released with an X rating such as Midnight Cowboy, Last of the Mobile Hot Shots, Beyond the Valley of the Dolls, A Clockwork Orange, Fritz the Cat, Last Tango in Paris and The Evil Dead . (Films that achieved critical and commercial success were later re-rated R after minor cuts, including Midnight Cowboy and A Clockwork Orange .) The threat of an X rating also encouraged filmmakers to re-edit their films to achieve an R rating; one notable example of this was the 1987 satirical action film RoboCop, which had to be edited eleven times before it could attain an R rating . </P> <P> Because the X rating was not trademarked, anybody could apply it to their films, including pornographers, as many began to do in the 1970s . As pornography began to become chic and more legally and commercially tolerated, pornographers placed an X rating on their films to emphasize the adult content . Some even started using multiple X's (i.e. XX, XXX, etc .) to give the impression that their film contained more graphic sexual content than the simple X rating . In some cases, the X ratings were applied by reviewers or film scholars, e.g. William Rotsler, who wrote "The XXX - rating means hard - core, the XX - rating is for simulation, and an X-rating is for comparatively cool films ." Nothing beyond the simple X rating has ever been officially recognized by the MPAA . Because of the heavy use of the X rating by pornographers, it became associated largely with pornographic films, so that non-pornographic films given an X rating would have fewer theaters willing to book them and fewer venues for advertising . Moreover, many newspapers refused to advertise X rated films . This led to a number of films being released unrated sometimes with a warning that the film contained content for adults only . In response, the MPAA eventually agreed in 1990 to a new NC - 17 rating that would be trademarked, and could only be applied by the MPAA itself . By trademarking the rating, the MPAA committed to defending a NC - 17 film charged with violating obscenity laws . </P>

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