<P> A monopoly is distinguished from a monopsony, in which there is only one buyer of a product or service; a monopoly may also have monopsony control of a sector of a market . Likewise, a monopoly should be distinguished from a cartel (a form of oligopoly), in which several providers act together to coordinate services, prices or sale of goods . Monopolies, monopsonies and oligopolies are all situations in which one or a few entities have market power and therefore interact with their customers (monopoly or oligopoly), or suppliers (monopsony) in ways that distort the market . </P> <P> Monopolies can be established by a government, form naturally, or form by integration . </P> <P> In many jurisdictions, competition laws restrict monopolies . Holding a dominant position or a monopoly in a market is often not illegal in itself, however certain categories of behavior can be considered abusive and therefore incur legal sanctions when business is dominant . A government - granted monopoly or legal monopoly, by contrast, is sanctioned by the state, often to provide an incentive to invest in a risky venture or enrich a domestic interest group . Patents, copyrights, and trademarks are sometimes used as examples of government - granted monopolies . The government may also reserve the venture for itself, thus forming a government monopoly . </P> <P> In economics, the idea of monopoly is important in the study of management structures, which directly concerns normative aspects of economic competition, and provides the basis for topics such as industrial organization and economics of regulation . There are four basic types of market structures in traditional economic analysis: perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly and monopoly . A monopoly is a structure in which a single supplier produces and sells a given product . If there is a single seller in a certain market and there are no close substitutes for the product, then the market structure is that of a "pure monopoly". Sometimes, there are many sellers in an industry and / or there exist many close substitutes for the goods being produced, but nevertheless companies retain some market power . This is termed monopolistic competition, whereas in oligopoly the companies interact strategically . </P>

Identify the basic characteristics of each of the following monopoly