<P> Gandhi's call was for a nationwide protest against the Rowlatt Act . All offices and factories would be closed . Indians would be encouraged to withdraw from Raj - sponsored schools, police services, the military, and the civil service, and lawyers were asked to leave the Raj's courts . Public transportation and English - manufactured goods, especially clothing, was boycotted . Indians returned honours and titles given by the government and resigned from various posts like teachers, lawyers, civil and military services . </P> <P> Veterans like Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, Mohammad Ali Jinnah, Annie Besant, and Sammed Akiwate opposed the idea outright . The All India Muslim League also criticized the idea . But the younger generation of Indian nationalists were thrilled, and backed Gandhi . The Congress Party adopted his plans, and he received extensive support from Muslim leaders like Maulana Azad, Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari, Hakim Ajmal Khan, Abbas Tyabji, Maulana Muhammad Ali and Maulana Shaukat Ali . </P> <P> The eminent Hindi writer, poet, play - wright, journalist, and nationalist Rambriksh Benipuri, who spent more than eight years in prison fighting for India's independence, wrote: </P> <P> When I recall Non-Cooperation era of 1921, the image of a storm confronts my eyes . From the time I became aware, I have witnessed numerous movements, however, I can assert that no other movement upturned the foundations of Indian society to the extent that the Non-Cooperation movement did . From the most humble huts to the high places, from villages to cities, everywhere there was a ferment, a loud echo . </P>

What was the causes of non cooperation movement