<P> 1.1. the commonwealth of Israel from the time of Moses until the election of Saul as King . </P> <P> An ecclesiocracy is a situation where the religious leaders assume a leading role in the state, but do not claim that they are instruments of divine revelation: for example, the prince - bishops of the European Middle Ages, where the bishop was also the temporal ruler . Such a state may use the administrative hierarchy of the religion for its own administration, or it may have two' arms'--administrators and clergy--but with the state administrative hierarchy subordinate to the religious hierarchy . Theocracy differs from theonomy, the latter of which is government based on divine law . </P> <P> The papacy in the Papal States occupied a middle ground between theocracy and ecclesiocracy, since the Pope did not claim he was a prophet who received revelation from God and translated it into civil law . </P> <P> Religiously endorsed monarchies fall between theocracy and ecclesiocracy, according to the relative strengths of the religious and political organs . </P>

Vatican city is a theocracy because the pope __ __
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