<P> The main role of chloroplasts is to conduct photosynthesis, where the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll captures the energy from sunlight and converts it and stores it in the energy - storage molecules ATP and NADPH while freeing oxygen from water . They then use the ATP and NADPH to make organic molecules from carbon dioxide in a process known as the Calvin cycle . Chloroplasts carry out a number of other functions, including fatty acid synthesis, much amino acid synthesis, and the immune response in plants . The number of chloroplasts per cell varies from one, in unicellular algae, up to 100 in plants like Arabidopsis and wheat . </P> <P> A chloroplast is a type of organelle known as a plastid, characterized by its high concentration of chlorophyll . Other plastid types, such as the leucoplast and the chromoplast, contain little chlorophyll and do not carry out photosynthesis . </P> <P> Chloroplasts are highly dynamic--they circulate and are moved around within plant cells, and occasionally pinch in two to reproduce . Their behavior is strongly influenced by environmental factors like light color and intensity . Chloroplasts, like mitochondria, contain their own DNA, which is thought to be inherited from their ancestor--a photosynthetic cyanobacterium that was engulfed by an early eukaryotic cell . Chloroplasts cannot be made by the plant cell and must be inherited by each daughter cell during cell division . </P> <P> With one exception (the amoeboid Paulinella chromatophora), all chloroplasts can probably be traced back to a single endosymbiotic event, when a cyanobacterium was engulfed by the eukaryote . Despite this, chloroplasts can be found in an extremely wide set of organisms, some not even directly related to each other--a consequence of many secondary and even tertiary endosymbiotic events . </P>

Where is chloroplast located in a plant cell
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