<P> Corporal punishment was banned in Soviet (and hence, Ukrainian) schools in 1917 . In Ukraine, "physical or mental violence" against children is forbidden by the Constitution (Art. 52.2) and the Law on Education (Art. 51.1, since 1991) which states that students and other learners have the right "to the protection from any form of exploitation, physical and psychological violence, actions of pedagogical and other employees who violate the rights or humiliate their honour and dignity". Standard instructions for teachers provided by the Ministry of Science and Education state that a teacher who has used corporal punishment to a pupil (even once), shall be dismissed . </P> <P> A federal law was implemented in 1998 which banned school corporal punishment . The law applied to all schools, both public and private . Any teacher who engages in the practice would not only lose their job and teaching license, but will also face criminal prosecution for engaging in violence against minors and will also face child abuse charges . </P> <P> In state - run schools, and in private schools where at least part of the funding came from government, corporal punishment was outlawed by the British Parliament in 1986, following a 1982 ruling by the European Court of Human Rights that such punishment could not be administered without parental consent, and that a child's "right to education" could not be infringed by suspending children who, with parental approval, refused to submit to corporal punishment . In other private schools, it was banned in 1998 (England and Wales), 2000 (Scotland) and 2003 (Northern Ireland). Schools had to keep a record of punishments inflicted, and there are occasional press reports of examples of these "punishment books" having survived . </P> <P> The implement used in many state and private schools in England and Wales was often a rattan cane, struck either across the student's hands or (especially in the case of teenage boys) the clothed buttocks . "Slippering"--striking the buttocks with a rubber - soled gym shoe, or plimsoll shoe--was widely used in many schools, for example King's School, Macclesfield, a boys grammar school in Cheshire . In a few English cities, a strap was used instead of the cane . In Scotland a leather strap, the tawse, administered to the palms of the hands, was universal in state schools, but some private schools used the cane . </P>

When did they stop using the cane in england