<P> J.M.W. Turner, The Fighting Téméraire tugged to her last Berth to be broken up, 1839 </P> <P> In France, historical painting on idealized medieval and Renaissance themes is known as the style Troubadour, a term with no equivalent for other countries, though the same trends occurred there . Delacroix, Ingres and Richard Parkes Bonington all worked in this style, as did lesser specialists such as Pierre - Henri Révoil (1776--1842) and Fleury - François Richard (1777--1852). Their pictures are often small, and feature intimate private and anecdotal moments, as well as those of high drama . The lives of great artists such as Raphael were commemorated on equal terms with those of rulers, and fictional characters were also depicted . Fleury - Richard's Valentine of Milan weeping for the death of her husband, shown in the Paris Salon of 1802, marked the arrival of the style, which lasted until the mid-century, before being subsumed into the increasingly academic history painting of artists like Paul Delaroche . </P> <P> Another trend was for very large apocalyptic history paintings, often combining extreme natural events, or divine wrath, with human disaster, attempting to outdo The Raft of the Medusa, and now often drawing comparisons with effects from Hollywood . The leading English artist in the style was John Martin, whose tiny figures were dwarfed by enormous earthquakes and storms, and worked his way through the biblical disasters, and those to come in the final days . Other works such as Delacroix's Death of Sardanapalus included larger figures, and these often drew heavily on earlier artists, especially Poussin and Rubens, with extra emotionalism and special effects . </P> <P> Elsewhere in Europe, leading artists adopted Romantic styles: in Russia there were the portraitists Orest Kiprensky and Vasily Tropinin, with Ivan Aivazovsky specializing in marine painting, and in Norway Hans Gude painted scenes of fjords . In Italy Francesco Hayez (1791--1882) was the leading artist of Romanticism in mid-19th - century Milan . His long, prolific and extremely successful career saw him begin as a Neoclassical painter, pass right through the Romantic period, and emerge at the other end as a sentimental painter of young women . His Romantic period included many historical pieces of "Troubadour" tendencies, but on a very large scale, that are heavily influenced by Gian Battista Tiepolo and other late Baroque Italian masters . </P>

Who is given credit for first using the term romantic