<Tr> <Td> 6998820573379999999 ♠ 0.082 057 338 (47) </Td> <Td> L atm K mol </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001820573380000000 ♠ 82.057 338 (47) </Td> <Td> cm atm K mol </Td> </Tr> <P> The gas constant is also known as the molar, universal, or ideal gas constant, denoted by the symbol R or R and is equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole, i.e. the pressure - volume product, rather than energy per temperature increment per particle . The constant is also a combination of the constants from Boyle's law, Charles's law, Avogadro's law, and Gay - Lussac's law . It is a physical constant that is featured in many fundamental equations in the physical sciences, such as the ideal gas law and the Nernst equation . </P> <P> Physically, the gas constant is the constant of proportionality that happens to relate the energy scale in physics to the temperature scale, when a mole of particles at the stated temperature is being considered . Thus, the value of the gas constant ultimately derives from historical decisions and accidents in the setting of the energy and temperature scales, plus similar historical setting of the value of the molar scale used for the counting of particles . The last factor is not a consideration in the value of the Boltzmann constant, which does a similar job of equating linear energy and temperature scales . </P>

Where does the universal gas constant r come from
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