<Li> Forced status--peers actively exclude, mock, or victimize these isolates (see relational aggression and bullying). </Li> <P> Membership type is far more stable over time than membership in an individual clique: isolates generally remain socially disengaged, liaisons remain equally consistent, and "group members" frequently switch from one clique to another, but typically remain group members over time . The objective cliques themselves remain surprisingly stable as well . On average, cliques lose around one third of their members over a given school year, but new members with similar characteristics tend to replace the deserters, maintaining the general identity of the clique . Clique membership becomes more stable across time, as well as more permeable, less exclusive, and less hierarchical . Contrary to popular belief, individual friendships are far less stable across the school year . This is particularly true of high - status cliques and individuals, in which clique members must critically analyze their friendships and socialize only with their most popular peers or risk losing membership and status . </P> <P> Using the definition of a clique, we are able to draw distinctions between the many different types of cliques a person is able to be a member of . During adolescent years, students may obtain membership to a certain clique in order to ease the process of secondary school . Since adolescents emulating similar cultural standards are likely to become friends and these friends are likely to encourage these aspects of their attitudes, behaviors, and dress, the types of cliques commonly found in schools can vary significantly . Some of the more common types of cliques found include: jocks, tomboys, cheerleaders, mean girls, foreigners, gamers, hipsters, hippies, troublemakers, peacemakers, class clowns, "cool kids", arty intellectuals, gangsters, wangsters, "ghetto kids", stoners / slackers, girly girls, scenesters, scene kids, punks, preps, skaters, goths, emos, skinheads, geeks / nerds, and drifters . </P> <P> Sociologists Patricia and Peter Adler claim that Middle School cliques can fall under four specific labels: </P>

Which of the following characteristics are typical of popular crowds in american high schools