<P> Enslaved Africans had a significant influence on the emerging African American culture in the New World . The presence of Enslaved Africans not only represented skilled labor but it also gave way to a new population which represented a hybrid of the two cultures . The Birth of African American Culture: An Anthropological Perspective is a book written by Sidney Mintz and Richard Price further detailing the cultural impact of Enslaved Africans in America . Mintz and Price's book helped to publicize how integral the socialization aspects of plantation life were to the structures of black culture . </P> <P> The treatment of Enslaved Africans during the Trans Atlantic Slave Trade became one of the most controversial topics in the history of the New World . Since its abolishment in 1865, it has remained a key subject in politics, pop culture and media . </P> <Table> Post-Columbian transfers of native organisms with close ties to humans <Tr> <Th> Type of organism </Th> <Th> Old World to New World </Th> <Th> New World to Old World </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Domesticated animals </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> cat (domestic--wild species already present) </Li> <Li> cattle </Li> <Li> chicken </Li> <Li> donkey </Li> <Li> goat (the goats of the Old World, genus Capra, are different from the mountain goat of the New World, genus Oreamnos) </Li> <Li> guineafowl </Li> <Li> honey bee (European honey bee--other wild and domesticated species already present) </Li> <Li> horse </Li> <Li> rabbit (domestic) </Li> <Li> pig </Li> <Li> sheep (domestic) </Li> <Li> water buffalo </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> alpaca </Li> <Li> guinea pig </Li> <Li> llama </Li> <Li> Muscovy duck </Li> <Li> turkey </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cultivated plants </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> adzuki bean </Li> <Li> almond </Li> <Li> apple </Li> <Li> apricot </Li> <Li> asparagus </Li> <Li> baobab </Li> <Li> banana (including cooking banana) </Li> <Li> barley </Li> <Li> basil </Li> <Li> beetroot </Li> <Li> black - eyed pea </Li> <Li> Brassica oleracea - derived vegetables <Ul> <Li> broccoli </Li> <Li> Brussels sprout </Li> <Li> cabbage </Li> <Li> cauliflower </Li> <Li> collard greens </Li> <Li> kale </Li> <Li> kohlrabi </Li> <Li> rapeseed </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> broad bean </Li> <Li> cantaloupe </Li> <Li> carrot </Li> <Li> celery </Li> <Li> chestnut </Li> <Li> chickpea </Li> <Li> citrus (orange, lemon, etc .) </Li> <Li> coffee </Li> <Li> common fig </Li> <Li> coriander (also known as cilantro) </Li> <Li> cucumber </Li> <Li> cumin </Li> <Li> eggplant (aubergine) </Li> <Li> Elaeis (oil palm) </Li> <Li> fennel </Li> <Li> finger millet </Li> <Li> foxtail millet </Li> <Li> flax </Li> <Li> garlic </Li> <Li> ginger </Li> <Li> hazelnut </Li> <Li> hemp (including cannabis) </Li> <Li> kola nut </Li> <Li> leek </Li> <Li> lentil </Li> <Li> lettuce </Li> <Li> mango </Li> <Li> mangosteen </Li> <Li> millet </Li> <Li> Momordica charantia (bitter melon) </Li> <Li> mung bean </Li> <Li> oat </Li> <Li> okra </Li> <Li> olive </Li> <Li> onion </Li> <Li> opium </Li> <Li> oregano </Li> <Li> parsnip </Li> <Li> pea </Li> <Li> peach </Li> <Li> pear </Li> <Li> pearl millet </Li> <Li> pistachio </Li> <Li> pomegranate </Li> <Li> proso millet </Li> <Li> radish </Li> <Li> raspberry </Li> <Li> rice </Li> <Li> rye </Li> <Li> sesame </Li> <Li> sorghum </Li> <Li> soybean </Li> <Li> spinach </Li> <Li> sugarcane and sugar beet </Li> <Li> tamarind </Li> <Li> taro </Li> <Li> turmeric </Li> <Li> turnip </Li> <Li> watermelon </Li> <Li> walnut (commercial varieties) </Li> <Li> wheat </Li> <Li> yam (sometimes misnamed "sweet potato") </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> acai </Li> <Li> Acca sellowiana (feijoa, pineapple guava, Brazilian guava, guavasteen) </Li> <Li> Annona reticulata (custard apple) </Li> <Li> agave </Li> <Li> allspice </Li> <Li> amaranth (as grain) </Li> <Li> annatto </Li> <Li> arracacha </Li> <Li> arrowroot or Maranta arundinacea </Li> <Li> avocado </Li> <Li> black walnut </Li> <Li> blueberry (commercial varieties) </Li> <Li> Brazil nut </Li> <Li> Calathea allouia (leren) </Li> <Li> Canna indica (achira) </Li> <Li> capsicum (bell pepper and chili pepper) </Li> <Li> cashew </Li> <Li> cassava (manioc, tapioca, yuca) </Li> <Li> chayote </Li> <Li> cherimoya </Li> <Li> chia </Li> <Li> coca leaf </Li> <Li> cocoa bean </Li> <Li> cotton (long - staple species) </Li> <Li> cranberry (large cranberry, or bearberry species) </Li> <Li> cucurbita (many squashes and gourds) <Ul> <Li> butternut squash </Li> <Li> pumpkin </Li> <Li> zucchini (courgette) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Eryngium foetidum (culantro, Mexican coriander) </Li> <Li> guarana </Li> <Li> guava (common) </Li> <Li> Helianthus (sunflower) </Li> <Li> Jerusalem artichoke </Li> <Li> jicama </Li> <Li> maize (corn) </Li> <Li> Manilkara zapota (sapodilla) </Li> <Li> mashua </Li> <Li> Opuntia ficus - indica (prickly pear) </Li> <Li> Oxalis tuberosa (New Zealand yam) </Li> <Li> papaya </Li> <Li> passionfruit </Li> <Li> peanut </Li> <Li> pecan </Li> <Li> Phaseolus vulgaris (beans: pinto, lima, kidney, etc .) </Li> <Li> physalis (cape gooseberry) </Li> <Li> pineapple </Li> <Li> pitaya (dragon fruit) </Li> <Li> potato </Li> <Li> quinoa </Li> <Li> rubber </Li> <Li> soursop </Li> <Li> stevia </Li> <Li> strawberry (commercial varieties) </Li> <Li> sugar - apple </Li> <Li> sugar maple </Li> <Li> sweet potato </Li> <Li> tamarillo </Li> <Li> tobacco </Li> <Li> tomato </Li> <Li> tomatillo </Li> <Li> ulluco </Li> <Li> vanilla </Li> <Li> wild rice </Li> <Li> yerba mate </Li> <Li> yucca </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cultivated fungi </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Agaricus bisporus (button mushrooms, chestnut mushrooms, portobello mushrooms) </Li> <Li> cloud ear fungus </Li> <Li> enoki mushroom </Li> <Li> oyster mushroom (some varieties) </Li> <Li> Rhizopus oligosporus (tempeh) </Li> <Li> shiitake mushroom </Li> <Li> snow ear fungus </Li> <Li> truffle </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> huitlacoche (corn smut) </Li> <Li> oyster mushroom (some varieties) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Infectious diseases </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> bubonic plague </Li> <Li> chickenpox </Li> <Li> cholera </Li> <Li> diphtheria </Li> <Li> influenza </Li> <Li> leprosy </Li> <Li> malaria </Li> <Li> measles </Li> <Li> pertussis </Li> <Li> scarlet fever </Li> <Li> smallpox </Li> <Li> typhoid fever </Li> <Li> typhus </Li> <Li> yaws </Li> <Li> yellow fever </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Chagas disease </Li> <Li> Nonvenereal endemic syphilis </Li> <Li> pinta </Li> <Li> syphilis (disputed) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Th> Type of organism </Th> <Th> Old World to New World </Th> <Th> New World to Old World </Th> </Tr>

The columbian exchange new world to old world
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