<P> Raiffeisen and Schultz - Delitsch developed an independently formulated co-operative model in Germany, the credit union . The model also moved abroad, reaching the United States by the 1880s and the Knights of Labour's projects . Leland Stanford, the railroad magnate and Robber Baron, became a Senator and advocated for co-operatives . By 1920 a national association had formed in the U.S. This organization began to develop international programs, and by the 1970s, a World Council formed . </P> <P> Co-operatives in the U.S. have a long history, including an early factory in the 1790s . By the 1860s Brigham Young had started applying co-operative ideas in Utah, and by the 1880s, the Knights of Labor and the Grange both promoted member - owned organizations . Energy co-operatives were founded in the U.S. during the Depression and the New Deal . Diverse kinds of co-operatives were founded and have continued to perform successfully in different areas: in agriculture, wholesale purchasing, telephones, and in consumer - food buying . </P> <P> James Warbasse, an American doctor, became the first president of the U.S. National Co-operative Business Association . He wrote extensively on co-operative history and philosophy . Benjamin Ward began an important effort in co-operative economic theory in the 1950s, with Jaroslav Vanek developing a general theory . David Ellerman began a line of theoretical thinking beginning with legal principles, developing especially the labor theory of property, and later reaching a treatment which evaluates the role of capital in labor managed firms using the conventional economic production formula Q = f (K, L). At one point in the 1990s he worked at the World Bank with Nobel laureate Joseph Stiglitz . </P> <P> Co-operative enterprises were formed successfully following Rochdale, and an international association was formed in 1895 . Co-operative enterprises are now widespread, with one of the largest and most successful examples being the industrial Mondragón Cooperative Corporation in the Basque country of Spain . Mondragon Co-op was founded under the oppressive conditions of Fascist Franco Spain after community - based democracy - building activities of a priest, Jose Maria Arizmendiarrieta . They have become an extremely diverse network of co-operative enterprises, a huge enterprise in Spain, and a multinational concern . Co-operatives were also successful in Yugoslavia under Tito where Workers' Councils gained a significant role in management . </P>

Give the historical background of cooperative organization in the world