<P> Although most storms are found within tropical latitudes, occasionally storms will form further north and east from disturbances other than tropical waves such as cold fronts and upper - level lows . These are known as baroclinically induced tropical cyclones . There is a strong correlation between Atlantic hurricane activity in the tropics and the presence of an El Niño or La Niña in the Pacific Ocean . El Niño events increase the wind shear over the Atlantic, producing a less - favorable environment for formation and decreasing tropical activity in the Atlantic basin . Conversely, La Niña causes an increase in activity due to a decrease in wind shear . </P> <P> According to the Azores High hypothesis by Kam - biu Liu, an anti-phase pattern is expected to exist between the Gulf of Mexico coast and the North American Atlantic coast . During the quiescent periods (3000--1400 BC, and 1000 AD to present), a more northeasterly position of the Azores High would result in more hurricanes being steered toward the Atlantic coast . During the hyperactive period (1400 BC to 1000 AD), more hurricanes were steered towards the Gulf coast as the Azores High was shifted to a more southwesterly position near the Caribbean . Such a displacement of the Azores High is consistent with paleoclimatic evidence that shows an abrupt onset of a drier climate in Haiti around 3200 C years BP, and a change towards more humid conditions in the Great Plains during the late - Holocene as more moisture was pumped up the Mississippi Valley through the Gulf coast . Preliminary data from the northern Atlantic coast seem to support the Azores High hypothesis . A 3000 - year proxy record from a coastal lake in Cape Cod suggests that hurricane activity has increased significantly during the past 500--1000 years, just as the Gulf coast was amid a quiescent period of the last millennium . </P> <P> Climatologically speaking, approximately 97 percent of tropical cyclones that form in the North Atlantic develop between the dates of June 1 and November 30--dates which delimit the modern - day Atlantic hurricane season . Though the beginning of the annual hurricane season has historically remained the same, the official end of the hurricane season has shifted from its initial date of October 31 . Regardless, on average once every few years a tropical cyclone develops outside the limits of the season; as of January 2016 there have been 66 tropical cyclones in the off - season, with the most recent being Tropical Storm Arlene in 2017 . The first tropical cyclone of the 1938 Atlantic hurricane season, which formed on January 3, became the earliest forming tropical storm and hurricane after reanalysis concluded on the storm in December 2012 . </P> <P> Hurricane Able in 1951 was initially thought to be the earliest forming major hurricane--a tropical cyclone with winds exceeding 115 mph (185 km / h)--however following post-storm analysis it was determined that Able only reached Category 1 strength which made Hurricane Alma of 1966 the new record holder; as it became a major hurricane on June 8 . Though it developed within the bounds of the Atlantic hurricane season, Hurricane Audrey in 1957 became the earliest developing Category 4 hurricane on record after it reached the intensity on June 27 . However, reanalysis from 1956 to 1960 by NOAA downgraded Audrey to a Category 3, making Hurricane Dennis of 2005 the earliest Category 4 on record on July 8, 2005 . The earliest - forming Category 5 hurricane, Emily, reached the highest intensity on the Saffir--Simpson hurricane wind scale on July 17, 2005 . </P>

When do hurricanes form in the atlantic ocean
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