<P> As expected, Jackson and his running mate John Calhoun carried the entire South with overwhelming numbers in all the states but Louisiana where Adams drew 47% of the vote in a losing effort . However many Southerners became dissatisfied as Jackson, in his first two annual messages to Congress, failed to launch a strong attack on the tariff . Historian William J. Cooper Jr. writes: </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> "</Td> <Td> The most doctrinaire ideologues of the Old Republican group (supporters of the Jefferson and Madison position in the late 1790s) first found Jackson wanting . These purists identified the tariff of 1828, the hated Tariff of Abominations, as the most heinous manifestation of the nationalist policy they abhorred . That protective tariff violated their constitutional theory, for, as they interpreted the document, it gave no permission for a protective tariff . Moreover, they saw protection as benefiting the North and hurting the South . </Td> <Td>" </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Td> "</Td> <Td> The most doctrinaire ideologues of the Old Republican group (supporters of the Jefferson and Madison position in the late 1790s) first found Jackson wanting . These purists identified the tariff of 1828, the hated Tariff of Abominations, as the most heinous manifestation of the nationalist policy they abhorred . That protective tariff violated their constitutional theory, for, as they interpreted the document, it gave no permission for a protective tariff . Moreover, they saw protection as benefiting the North and hurting the South . </Td> <Td>" </Td> </Tr> <P> South Carolina had been adversely affected by the national economic decline of the 1820s . During this decade, the population decreased by 56,000 whites and 30,000 slaves, out of a total free and slave population of 580,000 . The whites left for better places; they took slaves with them or sold them to traders moving slaves to the Deep South for sale . </P>

Who rejected the final compromise effort to stop the succession movement