<P> Contemporaneously with Child, the Reverend Sabine Baring - Gould and later Cecil Sharp worked to preserve a great body of English rural traditional song, music and dance, under the aegis of what became and remains the English Folk Dance and Song Society (EFDSS). Sharp campaigned with some success to have English traditional songs (in his own heavily edited and expurgated versions) to be taught to school children in hopes of reviving and prolonging the popularity of those songs . Throughout the 1960s and early to mid-1970s, American scholar Bertrand Harris Bronson published an exhaustive four - volume collection of the then - known variations of both the texts and tunes associated with what came to be known as the Child Canon . He also advanced some significant theories concerning the workings of oral - aural tradition . </P> <P> Similar activity was also under way in other countries . One of the most extensive was perhaps the work done in Riga by Krisjanis Barons, who between the years 1894 and 1915 published six volumes that included the texts of 217,996 Latvian folk songs, the Latvju dainas . In Norway the work of collectors such as Ludvig Mathias Lindeman was extensively used by Edvard Grieg in his Lyric Pieces for piano and in other works, which became immensely popular . </P> <P> Around this time, composers of classical music developed a strong interest in collecting traditional songs, and a number of outstanding composers carried out their own field work on traditional music . These included Percy Grainger and Ralph Vaughan Williams in England and Béla Bartók in Hungary . These composers, like many of their predecessors, both made arrangements of folk songs and incorporated traditional material into original classical compositions . The Latviju dainas are extensively used in the classical choral works of Andrejs Jurāns, Jānis Cimze, and Emilis Melngailis . </P> <P> The advent of audio recording technology provided folklorists with a revolutionary tool to preserve vanishing musical forms . The earliest American folk music scholars were with the American Folklore Society (AFS), which emerged in the late 1800s . Their studies expanded to include Native American music, but still treated folk music as a historical item preserved in isolated societies as well . In North America, during the 1930s and 1940s, the Library of Congress worked through the offices of traditional music collectors Robert Winslow Gordon, Alan Lomax and others to capture as much North American field material as possible . Lomax was the first prominent scholar to study distinctly American folk music such as that of cowboys and southern blacks . His first major published work was in 1911, Cowboy Songs and Other Frontier Ballads. and was arguably the most prominent US folk music scholar of his time, notably during the beginnings of the folk music revival in the 1930s and early 1940s . Cecil Sharp also worked in America, recording the traditional songs of the Appalachian Mountains in 1916--1918 in collaboration with Maud Karpeles and Olive Dame Campbell and is considered the first major scholar covering American folk music . Campbell and Sharp are represented under other names by actors in the modern movie Songcatcher . </P>

Which of these terms is defined as the examination and classification of the elements of poetry