<Li> Sentential Induction. "...which, by inductive reasonings, appraises the different probations singly, then their combinations, then makes self - appraisal of these very appraisals themselves, and passes final judgment on the whole result". </Li> <P> Frequently the scientific method is employed not only by a single person, but also by several people cooperating directly or indirectly . Such cooperation can be regarded as an important element of a scientific community . Various standards of scientific methodology are used within such an environment . </P> <P> Scientific journals use a process of peer review, in which scientists' manuscripts are submitted by editors of scientific journals to (usually one to three) fellow (usually anonymous) scientists familiar with the field for evaluation . In certain journals, the journal itself selects the referees; while in others (especially journals that are extremely specialized), the manuscript author might recommend referees . The referees may or may not recommend publication, or they might recommend publication with suggested modifications, or sometimes, publication in another journal . This standard is practiced to various degrees by different journals, and can have the effect of keeping the literature free of obvious errors and to generally improve the quality of the material, especially in the journals who use the standard most rigorously . The peer review process can have limitations when considering research outside the conventional scientific paradigm: problems of "groupthink" can interfere with open and fair deliberation of some new research . </P> <P> Sometimes experimenters may make systematic errors during their experiments, veer from standard methods and practices (Pathological science) for various reasons, or, in rare cases, deliberately report false results . Occasionally because of this then, other scientists might attempt to repeat the experiments in order to duplicate the results . </P>

Define each of the key elements of the scientific method in your own words