<Li> Vulpes beringensis Merriam, 1903 </Li> <P> The Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus), also known as the white fox, polar fox, or snow fox, is a small fox native to the Arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere and common throughout the Arctic tundra biome . It is well adapted to living in cold environments, and is best known for its thick, warm fur that is also used as camouflage . On average, Arctic foxes only live 3--4 years in the wild . Its body length ranges from 46 to 68 cm (18 to 27 in), with a generally rounded body shape to minimize the escape of body heat . </P> <P> The Arctic fox preys on many small creatures such as lemmings, voles, ringed seal pups, fish, waterfowl, and seabirds . It also eats carrion, berries, seaweed, and insects and other small invertebrates . Arctic foxes form monogamous pairs during the breeding season and they stay together to raise their young in complex underground dens . Occasionally, other family members may assist in raising their young . Natural predators of the Arctic fox are the red fox, golden eagles, wolverines, wolves, and grizzly bears . </P> <P> Arctic foxes must endure a temperature difference of up to 90 - 100 ° C between the external environment and their internal core temperature . To prevent heat loss, the Arctic fox curls up tightly tucking its legs and head under its body and behind its furry tail . This position gives the fox the smallest surface area to volume ratio and protects the least insulated areas . Arctic foxes also stay warm by getting out of the wind and residing in their dens . Although the Arctic fox is active year - round and do not hibernate, they attempt to preserve fat by reducing their locomotor activity . They build up their fat reserves in the autumn, sometimes increasing their body weight by more than 50% . This provides greater insulation during the winter and a source of energy when food is scarce . </P>

Where is the arctic fox in the food chain
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