<Li> President James Madison (1809--1817) </Li> <Li> Haiti <Ul> <Li> Jean - Jacques Dessalines (1801--1806) </Li> <Li> Alexandre Pétion (Republic of Haiti) (1806--1818) </Li> <Li> Henri Christophe (State / Kingdom of Haiti) (1807--1820) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Ul> <Li> Jean - Jacques Dessalines (1801--1806) </Li> <Li> Alexandre Pétion (Republic of Haiti) (1806--1818) </Li> <Li> Henri Christophe (State / Kingdom of Haiti) (1807--1820) </Li> </Ul> <Li> Jean - Jacques Dessalines (1801--1806) </Li>

What was happening in europe in the early 1800s