<P> Amakudari is subject to rules which were revised in April 2007 in response to corruption scandals . Under the new rules, ministries are instructed to slowly stop helping bureaucrats land new jobs over three years starting in 2009 . Instead, a job center to be set up by the end of 2008 would take on the role, and government agencies and ministries will be prohibited from brokering new jobs for retirees . </P> <P> However, the law removed a two - year ban that prevented retiring officials from taking jobs with companies with which they had official dealings during the five years before retirement, which may increase amakudari . It also left considerable loopholes, including not placing restrictions on watari in which retired bureaucrats move from one organization to another . Bureaucrats could retire to a job at another government agency, and then switch jobs to a private company later . Critics say that the government could better prevent Amakudari by raising the retirement age for bureaucrats above 50 . </P> <P> In October 2006, 339 public entities were violating the guidelines concerning amakudari, a figure 38 times higher than the number for the previous year . This declined to 166 by July 2007 . </P> <P> As well as scandals, the effects of amakudari have been documented by a sizable body of research . </P>

What measures are taken to prevent the influence through the revolving door practice