<Tr> <Th> ISO 3166 code </Th> <Td> MY </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Internet TLD </Th> <Td>. my </Td> </Tr> <P> Malaysia is a federal constitutional monarchy located in Southeast Asia . It consists of thirteen states and three federal territories and has a total landmass of 330,803 square kilometres (127,720 sq mi) separated by the South China Sea into two similarly sized regions, Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia (Malaysian Borneo). Peninsular Malaysia shares a land and maritime border with Thailand in the north and maritime borders with Singapore in the south, Vietnam in the northeast, and Indonesia in the west . East Malaysia shares land and maritime borders with Brunei and Indonesia and a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam . The capital city is Kuala Lumpur, while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government . With a population of over 30 million, Malaysia is the 44th most populous country . The southernmost point of continental Eurasia, Tanjung Piai, is in Malaysia . Located in the tropics, Malaysia is one of 17 megadiverse countries, with large numbers of endemic species . </P> <P> Malaysia has its origins in the Malay kingdoms present in the area which, from the 18th century, became subject to the British Empire . The first British territories were known as the Straits Settlements, whose establishment was followed by the Malay kingdoms becoming British protectorates . The territories on Peninsular Malaysia were first unified as the Malayan Union in 1946 . Malaya was restructured as the Federation of Malaya in 1948, and achieved independence on 31 August 1957 . Malaya united with North Borneo, Sarawak, and Singapore on 16 September 1963 to become Malaysia . Less than two years later in 1965, Singapore was expelled from the federation . The country is multi-ethnic and multi-cultural, which plays a large role in its politics . About half the population is ethnically Malay, with large minorities of Malaysian Chinese (the second largest community of Overseas Chinese in the world), Malaysian Indians, and indigenous peoples . The constitution grants freedom of religion but recognises Islam as the established religion of the state . The government system is closely modelled on the Westminster parliamentary system and the legal system is based on common law . The head of state is the king, known as the Yang di - Pertuan Agong . He is an elected monarch chosen from the hereditary rulers of the nine Malay states every five years . The head of government is the Prime Minister . The country's official language is Bahasa Melayu, commonly known as the Malay language . English remains an active second language . In 2017 English proficiency in Malaysia was ranked the 2nd best in Asia (after Singapore) and the 13th best in the world . </P>

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