<P> For the invasion, the Third Fleet was augmented by two destroyer squadrons and a cruiser division of the Second Fleet, and the aircraft carrier Ryūjō from the 1st Air Fleet . The Philippines Force consisted of an aircraft carrier, five heavy cruisers, five light cruisers, 29 destroyers, two seaplane tenders, plus minesweepers and torpedo boats . </P> <P> Combined army and navy air strength allocated to support the landings was 541 aircraft . The 11th Kōkūkantai (Air Fleet) consisted of the 21st and 23rd Kōkūsentai (Air Flotillas), a combined strength of 156 G4M "Betty" and G3M "Nell" bombers, 107 A6M Zero fighters, plus seaplanes and reconnaissance planes . Most of these were based at Takao, and approximately a third were sent to Indochina in the last week of November to support operations in Malaya . The Ryujo provided an additional 16 fighters and 18 torpedo planes, and the surface ships had 68 seaplanes for search and observation, totaling 412 naval aircraft . The army's 5th Kikōshidan (Air Group) consisted of two fighter regiments, two light bomber regiments, and a heavy bomber regiment, totaling 192 aircraft: 76 Ki - 21 "Sally", Ki - 48 "Lily", and Ki - 30 "Ann" bombers; 36 Ki - 27 "Nate" fighters, and 19 Ki - 15 "Babs" and Ki - 36 "Ida" observation planes . </P> <P> From mid-1941, following increased tension between Japan and several other powers, including the United States, Britain and the Netherlands, many countries in South East Asia and the Pacific began to prepare for the possibility of war . By December 1941, the combined defense forces in the Philippines were organized into the US Army Forces in the Far East (USAFFE), which eventually included the Philippine Army's 1st Regular Division, 2nd (Constabulary) Division, and 10 mobilized reserve divisions, and the United States Army's Philippine Department . General Douglas MacArthur was recalled from retirement by the U.S. War Department and named commander of USAFFE on 26 July 1941 . MacArthur had retired in 1937 after two years as Military Advisor to the Philippine Commonwealth, and accepted control of the Philippine Army, tasked by the government of the Philippines with reforming an army made up primarily of reservists lacking equipment, training and organization . </P> <P> On 31 July 1941, the Philippine Department had 22,532 troops assigned, approximately half of whom were Filipino . MacArthur recommended the reassignment of the department commander, Maj. Gen. George Grunert in October 1941 and took command himself . The main component of the Department was the U.S. Army Philippine Division, a 10,500 - man formation that consisted mostly of Philippine Scouts (PS) combat units . The Philippine Department had been reinforced between August and November 1941 by 8,500 troops of the U.S. Army Air Forces, and by three Army National Guard units, including its only armor, two battalions of M3 light tanks . These units, the 200th Coastal Artillery Regiment (an antiaircraft unit), 192nd Tank Battalion, and 194th Tank Battalion, drew troops from New Mexico, Wisconsin, Illinois, Ohio, Kentucky, Minnesota, Missouri, and California . After reinforcement, the Department's strength as of 30 November 1941 was 31,095, including 11,988 Philippine Scouts . </P>

In december of 1941 who commanded the allied forces in the philippines