<P> The death of the bachelor King Kamehameha V--who did not name an heir--resulted in the popular election of Lunalilo over Kalākaua . Lunalilo died the next year, also without naming an heir . In 1874, the election was contested within the legislature between Kalākaua and Emma, Queen Consort of Kamehameha IV . After riots broke out, the United States and Britain landed troops on the islands to restore order . King Kalākaua was chosen as monarch by the Legislative Assembly by a vote of 39 to 6 on February 12, 1874 . </P> <P> In 1887, Kalākaua was forced to sign the 1887 Constitution of the Kingdom of Hawaii . Drafted by white businessmen and lawyers, the document stripped the king of much of his authority . It established a property qualification for voting that effectively disenfranchised most Hawaiians and immigrant laborers and favored the wealthier, white elite . Resident whites were allowed to vote but resident Asians were not . As the 1887 Constitution was signed under threat of violence, it is known as the Bayonet Constitution . King Kalākaua, reduced to a figurehead, reigned until his death in 1891 . His sister, Queen Lili ʻuokalani, succeeded him; she was the last monarch of Hawai ʻi . </P> <P> In 1893, Queen Lili ʻuokalani announced plans for a new constitution to proclaim herself an absolute monarch . On January 14, 1893, a group of mostly Euro - American business leaders and residents formed the Committee of Safety to stage a coup d'état against the kingdom and seek annexation by the United States . United States Government Minister John L. Stevens, responding to a request from the Committee of Safety, summoned a company of U.S. Marines . The Queen's soldiers did not resist . According to historian William Russ, the monarchy was unable to protect itself . </P> <P> In January 1893, Queen Lili ʻuokalani was overthrown and replaced by a provisional government composed of members of the Committee of Safety . Lawyer Sanford B. Dole, a citizen of Hawaii, became President of the Republic when the Provisional Government of Hawaii ended on July 4, 1894 . Controversy ensued in the following years as the Queen tried to regain her throne . The administration of President Grover Cleveland commissioned the Blount Report, which concluded that the removal of Lili ʻuokalani had been illegal . The U.S. government first demanded that Queen Lili ʻuokalani be reinstated, but the Provisional Government refused . </P>

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