<P> The chronicler William of Tyre reports on the renovation of the Church in the mid-12th century . The crusaders investigated the eastern ruins on the site, occasionally excavating through the rubble, and while attempting to reach the cistern, they discovered part of the original ground level of Hadrian's temple enclosure; they decided to transform this space into a chapel dedicated to Helena (the Chapel of Saint Helena), widening their original excavation tunnel into a proper staircase . The crusaders began to refurnish the church in a Romanesque style and added a bell tower . These renovations unified the small chapels on the site and were completed during the reign of Queen Melisende in 1149, placing all the Holy places under one roof for the first time . The church became the seat of the first Latin Patriarchs, and was also the site of the kingdom's scriptorium . The church was lost to Saladin, along with the rest of the city, in 1187, although the treaty established after the Third Crusade allowed for Christian pilgrims to visit the site . Emperor Frederick II regained the city and the church by treaty in the 13th century, while he himself was under a ban of excommunication, leading to the curious result of the holiest church in Christianity being laid under interdict . Both city and church were captured by the Khwarezmians in 1244 . </P> <P> The Franciscan friars renovated it further in 1555, as it had been neglected despite increased numbers of pilgrims . The Franciscans rebuilt the Aedicule, extending the structure to create an ante - chamber . After the renovation of 1555, control of the church oscillated between the Franciscans and the Orthodox, depending on which community could obtain a favorable firman from the Sublime Porte at a particular time, often through outright bribery, and violent clashes were not uncommon . There was no agreement about this question, although it was talked about it at the negotiations to the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699 . In 1767, weary of the squabbling, the Porte issued a firman that divided the church among the claimants . </P> <P> A fire severely damaged the structure again in 1808, causing the dome of the Rotunda to collapse and smashing the Edicule's exterior decoration . The Rotunda and the Edicule's exterior were rebuilt in 1809--1810 by architect Nikolaos Ch . Komnenos of Mytilene in the then current Ottoman Baroque style . The fire did not reach the interior of the Aedicule, and the marble decoration of the Tomb dates mainly to the 1555 restoration, although the interior of the ante - chamber, now known as the Chapel of the Angel, was partly re-built to a square ground - plan, in place of the previously semi-circular western end . Another decree in 1853 from the sultan solidified the existing territorial division among the communities and set a status quo for arrangements to "remain forever", caused differences of opinion about upkeep and even minor changes, including disagreement on the removal of the "Immovable Ladder", an exterior ladder under one of the windows; this ladder has remained in the same position since then . </P> <P> The cladding of red marble applied to the Aedicule by Komminos has deteriorated badly and is detaching from the underlying structure; since 1947 it has been held in place with an exterior scaffolding of iron girders installed by the British Mandate . No plans have been agreed upon for its renovation . </P>

Who discovered the holy sepulcher and built the church