<Li> National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation, </Li> <Li> Helvering v. Davis, and </Li> <Li> Steward Machine Company v. Davis . </Li> <P> The national government was forced to cooperate with all levels of government to implement the New Deal policies; local government earned an equal standing with the other layers, as the federal government relied on political machines at a city level to bypass state legislatures . The formerly distinct division of responsibilities between state and national government had been described as a "layer cake," but, with the lines of duty blurred, cooperative federalism was likened to a "marble cake" or a "picket fence ." In cooperative federalism, federal funds are distributed through grants in aid or categorical grants which gave the federal government more control over the use of the money . </P>

There was a division of labor between the states and the national government under