<P> As early as 1810, the term "liberal" was coined in Spanish politics to indicate supporters of the French Revolution . This usage passed to Latin America and animated the independence movement against Spain . In the nineteenth century "Liberalism" was the dominant element in Latin American political thought . French liberal ideas were especially influential in Mexico, particularly as seen through the writings of Alexis de Tocqueville, Benjamin Constant and Édouard René de Laboulaye . The Latin American political culture oscillated between two opposite poles: the traditional, as based on highly specific personal and family ties to kin groups, communities, and religious identity; and the modern, based on impersonal ideals of individualism, equality, legal rights, and secularism or anti-clericalism . The French Revolutionary model was the basis for the modern viewpoint, as explicated in Mexico in the writings of José María Luis Mora (1794--1850). </P> <P> In Mexico, modern liberalism was best expressed in the Liberal Party, the Constitution of 1857, the policies of Benito Juárez, and finally by Francisco I. Madero's democratic movement leading to the Revolution of 1911 . </P> <P> The impact of the French Revolution on the Middle East came in terms of the political and military impact of Napoleon's invasion; and in the eventual influence of revolutionary and liberal ideas and revolutionary movements or rebellions . In terms of Napoleon's invasion in 1798, the response by Ottoman officials was highly negative . They warned that traditional religion would be overthrown . Long - standing Ottoman friendship with France ended . Sultan Selim III immediately realized how far behind his empire was, and started to modernize both his army and his governmental system . In Egypt itself, the ruling elite of Mamluks was permanently displaced, speeding the reforms . In intellectual terms, the immediate impact of the French Revolutionary ideas was nearly invisible, but there was a long - range influence on liberal ideas and the ideal of legal equality, as well as the notion of opposition to a tyrannical government . In this regard, the French Revolution brought such influential themes as constitutionalism, parliamentarianism, individual liberty, legal equality, and the sense of ethnic nationalism . These came to fruition about 1876 . </P>

How was nationalism in europe impacted by the french revolution