<Tr> <Th> ISO 3166 code </Th> <Td> ST </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Internet TLD </Th> <Td>. st </Td> </Tr> <P> São Tomé and Príncipe (/ ˌsaʊ təˈmeɪ ən ˈprɪnsɪpə, - ˈprɪnsɪpeɪ / SOW tə - MAY ən PRIN - sip - ə, - PRIN - sip - ay; Portuguese: (sɐ̃w tuˈmɛ i ˈpɾĩsɨpɨ)), officially the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe, is a Portuguese - speaking island nation in the Gulf of Guinea, off the western equatorial coast of Central Africa . It consists of two archipelagos around the two main islands: São Tomé and Príncipe, located about 140 kilometres (87 miles) apart and about 250 and 225 kilometres (155 and 140 miles), respectively, off the northwestern coast of Gabon . </P> <P> The islands were uninhabited until their discovery by Portuguese explorers in the 15th century . Gradually colonized and settled by the Portuguese throughout the 16th century, they collectively served as a vital commercial and trade center for the Atlantic slave trade . The rich volcanic soil and close proximity to the Equator made São Tomé and Príncipe ideal for sugar cultivation, followed later by cash crops such as coffee and cocoa; the lucrative plantation economy was heavily dependent upon imported African slaves . Cycles of social unrest and economic instability throughout the 19th and 20th centuries culminated in peaceful independence in 1975 . São Tomé and Príncipe has since remained one of Africa's most stable and democratic countries . </P>

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