<Tr> <Td> Breaking the fourth wall </Td> <Td> An author or character addresses the audience directly (also known as direct address). This may acknowledge to the reader or audience that what is being presented is fiction, or may seek to extend the world of the story to provide the illusion that they are included in it . </Td> <Td> The characters in Sesame Street often break the fourth wall when they address their viewers as part of the ongoing storyline, which is possible because of the high level of suspension of belief afforded by its audience--children . The American political drama show House of Cards also uses this technique frequently to let the viewers know what the main character Frank Underwood is thinking and planning . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Defamiliarization </Td> <Td> Taking an everyday object and presenting it in a way that is weirdly unfamiliar so that we see the object in a new way . Coined by the early 20th - century Russian literary critic Viktor Shklovsky in "Art as Technique ." </Td> <Td> In, Swift's Gulliver's Travels when Gulliver visits the land of the giants and sees a giant woman's skin he sees it is anything but smooth and beautiful when viewed up close . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> First - person narration </Td> <Td> A text presented from the point of view of a character, especially the protagonist, as if the character is telling the story themselves . (Breaking the fourth wall is an option, but not a necessity, of this format .) </Td> <Td> Mark Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn uses the title character as the narrator, while Sherlock Holmes is primarily told from Watson's perspective . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Magical realism </Td> <Td> Describing events in a real - world setting but with magical trappings, often incorporating local customs and invented beliefs . Different from urban fantasy in that the magic itself is not the focus of the story . </Td> <Td> Particularly popular with Latin American authors like Gabriel García Márquez . Elsewhere, Salman Rushdie's work provides good examples . </Td> </Tr>

It is defined as the sequence of actions or events that give direction to the story