<P> While spelling alphabets today are mostly used over two - way radio voice circuits (radiotelephony), early on in telecommunications there were also telephone - specific spelling alphabets, which were developed to deal with the noisy conditions on long - distance circuits . Their development was loosely intertwined with radiotelephony spelling alphabets, but were developed by different organizations; for example, AT&T developed a spelling alphabet for its long - distance operators, another for its international operators; Western Union developed one for the public to use when dictating telegrams over the telephone; and ITU - T developed a spelling alphabet for telephone networks, while ITU - R was involved in the development of radiotelephony spelling alphabets . Even though both of these groups were part of the same ITU, and thus part of the UN, their alphabets often differed from each other . Uniquely, the 1908 Tasmanian telegraph operator's code was designed to be memorized as follows: </P> <P> Englishmen Invariably Support High Authority Unless Vindictive . The Managing Owners Never Destroy Bills . Remarks When Loose Play Jangling. Fractious Galloping Zigzag Knights Xpeditely Capture Your Queen . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Symbol </Th> <Th> 1904 British Army (Signalling Regulations) </Th> <Th> 1904 AT&T </Th> <Th> 1908 Tasmania </Th> <Th> 1910 Western Union </Th> <Th> 1912 Western Union </Th> <Th> 1914 British Post Office </Th> <Th> 1917 AT&T </Th> <Th> c. 1917 AT&T Overseas </Th> <Th> 1918 Western Union </Th> <Th> ~ 1928 Western Union </Th> <Th> 1932 ITU - T IITS Article 40 (Code A; French) </Th> <Th> 1932 ITU - T IITS Article 40 (Code B; English) </Th> <Th> 1942 Western Union </Th> <Th> 1947 International Telecommunications Convention </Th> <Th> 1958 International Telecommunications Convention </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Ack </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Authority </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Adams </Td> <Td> Apple </Td> <Td> Alice </Td> <Td> AMERICA </Td> <Td> Adams </Td> <Td> Adams </Td> <Td> Amsterdam </Td> <Td> Andrew </Td> <Td> Adams </Td> <Td> Amsterdam </Td> <Td> Amsterdam </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Beer </Td> <Td> ab </Td> <Td> Bills </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Boston </Td> <Td> Brother </Td> <Td> Bertha </Td> <Td> BENJAMIN </Td> <Td> Boston </Td> <Td> Boston </Td> <Td> Baltimore </Td> <Td> Benjamin </Td> <Td> Boston </Td> <Td> Baltimore </Td> <Td> Baltimore </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> abc </Td> <Td> Capture </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Chicago </Td> <Td> Charlie </Td> <Td> Charles </Td> <Td> CHARLIE </Td> <Td> Chicago </Td> <Td> Chicago </Td> <Td> Casablanca </Td> <Td> Charles </Td> <Td> Chicago </Td> <Td> Casablanca </Td> <Td> Casablanca </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> bcd </Td> <Td> Destroy </Td> <Td> Dora </Td> <Td> Denver </Td> <Td> Dover </Td> <Td> David </Td> <Td> DAVID </Td> <Td> Denver </Td> <Td> Denver </Td> <Td> Danemark </Td> <Td> David </Td> <Td> Denver </Td> <Td> Danemark </Td> <Td> Danemark </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> def </Td> <Td> Englishmen </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Edward </Td> <Td> Eastern </Td> <Td> Edward </Td> <Td> EDWARD </Td> <Td> Edward </Td> <Td> Edward </Td> <Td> Edison </Td> <Td> Edward </Td> <Td> Edward </Td> <Td> Edison </Td> <Td> Edison </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> def </Td> <Td> Fractious </Td> <Td> D-E-F </Td> <Td> Frank </Td> <Td> Father </Td> <Td> Frank </Td> <Td> FRANK </Td> <Td> Frank </Td> <Td> Frank </Td> <Td> Florida </Td> <Td> Frederick </Td> <Td> Frank </Td> <Td> Florida </Td> <Td> Florida </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Galloping </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> George </Td> <Td> George </Td> <Td> George </Td> <Td> GEORGE </Td> <Td> George </Td> <Td> George </Td> <Td> Gallipoli </Td> <Td> George </Td> <Td> George </Td> <Td> Gallipoli </Td> <Td> Gallipoli </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> fgh </Td> <Td> High </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Henry </Td> <Td> Harry </Td> <Td> Henry </Td> <Td> HARRY </Td> <Td> Henry </Td> <Td> Henry </Td> <Td> Havana </Td> <Td> Harry </Td> <Td> Henry </Td> <Td> Havana </Td> <Td> Havana </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Invariably </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Ireland (late 1912 = Ida) </Td> <Td> India </Td> <Td> Ida </Td> <Td> ISAAC </Td> <Td> Ida </Td> <Td> Ida </Td> <Td> Italia </Td> <Td> Isaac </Td> <Td> Ida </Td> <Td> Italia </Td> <Td> Italia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> J </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Juggling </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Jersey </Td> <Td> Jack </Td> <Td> James </Td> <Td> JACK </Td> <Td> John </Td> <Td> John </Td> <Td> Jérusalem </Td> <Td> Jack </Td> <Td> John </Td> <Td> Jude </Td> <Td> Jude </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Knights </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> King </Td> <Td> King </Td> <Td> Kate </Td> <Td> KING </Td> <Td> King </Td> <Td> King </Td> <Td> Kilogramme </Td> <Td> King </Td> <Td> King </Td> <Td> Kilogramme </Td> <Td> Kilogramme </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Loose </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Lincoln </Td> <Td> London </Td> <Td> Louis </Td> <Td> LONDON </Td> <Td> Lincoln </Td> <Td> Lincoln </Td> <Td> Liverpool </Td> <Td> Lucy </Td> <Td> Lincoln </Td> <Td> Liverpool </Td> <Td> Liverpool </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> eMma </Td> <Td> klm </Td> <Td> Managing </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Mary </Td> <Td> Mother </Td> <Td> Mary </Td> <Td> MARY </Td> <Td> Mary </Td> <Td> Mary </Td> <Td> Madagascar </Td> <Td> Mary </Td> <Td> Mary </Td> <Td> Madagascar </Td> <Td> Madagascar </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> lmn </Td> <Td> Never </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Newark </Td> <Td> November </Td> <Td> Nelly </Td> <Td>? </Td> <Td> New York </Td> <Td> New York </Td> <Td> New York </Td> <Td> Nellie </Td> <Td> New York </Td> <Td> New York </Td> <Td> New York </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> O </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Owners </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Ocean </Td> <Td> October </Td> <Td> Oliver </Td> <Td> OLIVER </Td> <Td> Ocean </Td> <Td> Ocean </Td> <Td> Oslo </Td> <Td> Oliver </Td> <Td> Ocean </Td> <Td> Oslo </Td> <Td> Oslo </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Pip </Td> <Td> nop </Td> <Td> Play </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Peter </Td> <Td> Peter </Td> <Td> Peter </Td> <Td> PETER </Td> <Td> Peter </Td> <Td> Peter </Td> <Td> Paris </Td> <Td> Peter </Td> <Td> Peter </Td> <Td> Paris </Td> <Td> Paris </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Q </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Queen </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Queen </Td> <Td> Queen </Td> <Td> Quaker </Td> <Td> QUEBEC </Td> <Td> Queen </Td> <Td> Queen </Td> <Td> Québec </Td> <Td> Queen </Td> <Td> Queen </Td> <Td> Quebec </Td> <Td> Quebec </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Remarks </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Ropert </Td> <Td> Robert </Td> <Td> Robert </Td> <Td> ROBERT </Td> <Td> Ropert </Td> <Td> Robert </Td> <Td> Roma </Td> <Td> Robert </Td> <Td> Robert </Td> <Td> Roma </Td> <Td> Roma </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> eSses </Td> <Td> qrs </Td> <Td> Support </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Sugar </Td> <Td> Sugar </Td> <Td> Samuel </Td> <Td> SAMUEL? </Td> <Td> Sugar </Td> <Td> Sugar </Td> <Td> Santiago </Td> <Td> Samuel </Td> <Td> Sugar </Td> <Td> Santiago </Td> <Td> Santiago </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Toc </Td> <Td> rst </Td> <Td> The </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Texas </Td> <Td> Thomas </Td> <Td> Thomas </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Thomas </Td> <Td> Thomas </Td> <Td> Tripoli </Td> <Td> Tommy </Td> <Td> Thomas </Td> <Td> Tripoli </Td> <Td> Tripoli </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> U </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Unless </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Union </Td> <Td> Uncle </Td> <Td> Utah </Td> <Td>? </Td> <Td> Union </Td> <Td> Union </Td> <Td> Upsala </Td> <Td> Uncle </Td> <Td> Union </Td> <Td> Upsala </Td> <Td> Upsala </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> V </Td> <Td> Vic </Td> <Td> tuv </Td> <Td> Vindictive </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Violet </Td> <Td> Victoria </Td> <Td> Victor </Td> <Td> VICTORY </Td> <Td> Victor </Td> <Td> Victor </Td> <Td> Valencia </Td> <Td> Victor </Td> <Td> Victory </Td> <Td> Valencia </Td> <Td> Valencia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> When </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> William </Td> <Td> Wednesday </Td> <Td> William </Td> <Td> WILLIAM </Td> <Td> William </Td> <Td> William </Td> <Td> Washington </Td> <Td> William </Td> <Td> William </Td> <Td> Washington </Td> <Td> Washington </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> X </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> vwx </Td> <Td> Xpeditiously </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> X-Ray </Td> <Td> Xmas </Td> <Td> X-Ray </Td> <Td>? </Td> <Td> X-Ray </Td> <Td> X-ray </Td> <Td> Xanthippe </Td> <Td> Xray </Td> <Td> X-ray </Td> <Td> Xanthippe </Td> <Td> Xanthippe </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Y </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> wxy </Td> <Td> Your </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Yale </Td> <Td> Yellow </Td> <Td> Young </Td> <Td>? </Td> <Td> Young </Td> <Td> Young </Td> <Td> Yokohama </Td> <Td> Yellow </Td> <Td> Young </Td> <Td> Yokohama </Td> <Td> Yokohama </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Z </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> xyz </Td> <Td> Zigzag </Td> <Td> X-Y-Z </Td> <Td> Zero </Td> <Td> Zebra </Td> <Td> Zebra </Td> <Td>? </Td> <Td> Zero </Td> <Td> Zero </Td> <Td> Zürich </Td> <Td> Zebra </Td> <Td> Zero </Td> <Td> Zurich </Td> <Td> Zurich </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Zero </Td> <Td> Zero </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> One </Td> <Td> One </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Two </Td> <Td> Two </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Three </Td> <Td> Three </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Four </Td> <Td> Four </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Five </Td> <Td> Five </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Six </Td> <Td> Six </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Seven </Td> <Td> Seven </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Eight </Td> <Td> Eight </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Nine </Td> <Td> Nine </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Comma </Td> <Td> Comma </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Fraction bar </Td> <Td> Fraction bar </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Full stop (period) </Td> <Td> Full stop (period) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Th> Symbol </Th> <Th> 1904 British Army (Signalling Regulations) </Th> <Th> 1904 AT&T </Th> <Th> 1908 Tasmania </Th> <Th> 1910 Western Union </Th> <Th> 1912 Western Union </Th> <Th> 1914 British Post Office </Th> <Th> 1917 AT&T </Th> <Th> c. 1917 AT&T Overseas </Th> <Th> 1918 Western Union </Th> <Th> ~ 1928 Western Union </Th> <Th> 1932 ITU - T IITS Article 40 (Code A; French) </Th> <Th> 1932 ITU - T IITS Article 40 (Code B; English) </Th> <Th> 1942 Western Union </Th> <Th> 1947 International Telecommunications Convention </Th> <Th> 1958 International Telecommunications Convention </Th> </Tr>

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