<P> High dynamic range (HDR) has been implemented into high - end LCD monitors to improve color accuracy . Since around the late 2000s, widescreen LCD monitors have become popular, in part due to television series, motion pictures and video games transitioning to high - definition (HD), which makes standard - width monitors unable to display them correctly as they either stretch or crop HD content . These types of monitors may also display it in the proper width, however they usually fill the extra space at the top and bottom of the image with black bars . Other advantages of widescreen monitors over standard - width monitors is that they make work more productive by displaying more of a user's documents and images, and allow displaying toolbars with documents . They also have a larger viewing area, with a typical widescreen monitor having a 16: 9 aspect ratio, compared to the 4: 3 aspect ratio of a typical standard - width monitor . </P> <P> Organic light - emitting diode (OLED) monitors provide higher contrast and better viewing angles than LCDs but they require more power when displaying documents with white or bright backgrounds . </P> <P> The performance of a monitor is measured by the following parameters: </P> <Ul> <Li> Luminance is measured in candelas per square meter (cd / m also called a Nit). </Li> <Li> Aspect ratio is the ratio of the horizontal length to the vertical length . Monitors usually have the aspect ratio 4: 3, 5: 4, 16: 10 or 16: 9 . </Li> <Li> Viewable image size is usually measured diagonally, but the actual widths and heights are more informative since they are not affected by the aspect ratio in the same way . For CRTs, the viewable size is typically 1 in (25 mm) smaller than the tube itself . </Li> <Li> Display resolution is the number of distinct pixels in each dimension that can be displayed . For a given display size, maximum resolution is limited by dot pitch . </Li> <Li> Dot pitch is the distance between sub-pixels of the same color in millimeters . In general, the smaller the dot pitch, the sharper the picture will appear . </Li> <Li> Refresh rate is the number of times in a second that a display is illuminated . Maximum refresh rate is limited by response time . </Li> <Li> Response time is the time a pixel in a monitor takes to go from active (white) to inactive (black) and back to active (white) again, measured in milliseconds . Lower numbers mean faster transitions and therefore fewer visible image artifacts . </Li> <Li> Contrast ratio is the ratio of the luminosity of the brightest color (white) to that of the darkest color (black) that the monitor is capable of producing . </Li> <Li> Power consumption is measured in watts . </Li> <Li> Delta - E: Color accuracy is measured in delta - E; the lower the delta - E, the more accurate the color representation . A delta - E of below 1 is imperceptible to the human eye . Delta - Es of 2 to 4 are considered good and require a sensitive eye to spot the difference . </Li> <Li> Viewing angle is the maximum angle at which images on the monitor can be viewed, without excessive degradation to the image . It is measured in degrees horizontally and vertically . </Li> </Ul>

Who invented computer monitor and in which year