<P> There was no attempt whatsoever to end segregation, or to increase black rights in the South . Roosevelt appointed an unprecedented number of blacks to second - level positions in his administration--these appointees were collectively called the Black Cabinet . </P> <P> The wartime Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC) executive orders that forbade job discrimination against African Americans, women and ethnic groups was a major breakthrough that brought better jobs and pay to millions of minority Americans . Historians usually treat FEPC as part of the war effort and not part of the New Deal itself . </P> <P> The New Deal was racially segregated as blacks and whites rarely worked alongside each other in New Deal programs . The largest relief program by far was the WPA--it operated segregated units, as did its youth affiliate the NYA . Blacks were hired by the WPA as supervisors in the North, but of 10,000 WPA supervisors in the South only 11 were black . Historian Anthony Badger argues that "New Deal programs in the South routinely discriminated against blacks and perpetuated segregation". In its first few weeks of operation, CCC camps in the North were integrated . By July 1935, practically all the camps in the United States were segregated, and blacks were strictly limited in the supervisory roles they were assigned . Kinker and Smith argue that "even the most prominent racial liberals in the New Deal did not dare to criticize Jim Crow". </P> <P> Secretary of the Interior Harold Ickes was one of the Roosevelt Administration's most prominent supporters of blacks and former president of the Chicago chapter of the NAACP . In 1937, when Senator Josiah Bailey Democrat of North Carolina accused him of trying to break down segregation laws Ickes wrote him to deny that: </P>

One of the major effects the new deal had on the united states was