<P> Thus, a high ratio of (NADH) to (NAD) or a high ratio of (ADP) (P) to (ATP) imply a high amount of reduced cytochrome c and a high level of cytochrome c oxidase activity . An additional level of regulation is introduced by the transport rates of ATP and NADH between the mitochondrial matrix and the cytoplasm . </P> <P> Fermentation is the metabolism of organic compounds in the absence of air . It involves substrate - level phosphorylation in the absence of a respiratory electron transport chain . The equation for the oxidation of glucose to lactic acid is: </P> <Dl> <Dd> C 6H 12 O 6 → 2 CH 3CH (OH) COOH + 2 ATP </Dd> </Dl> <Dd> C 6H 12 O 6 → 2 CH 3CH (OH) COOH + 2 ATP </Dd>

What is it about the structure of atp