<P> On an Internet Protocol (IP) network, clients should automatically send IP packets with a destination outside a given subnet mask to a network gateway . A subnet mask defines the IP range of a private network . For example, if a private network has a base IP address of 192.168. 0.0 and has a subnet mask of 255.255. 255.0, then any data going to an IP address outside of 192.168. 0. X will be sent to that network's gateway . While forwarding an IP packet to another network, the gateway might or might not perform Network Address Translation . </P> <P> A gateway is an essential feature of most routers, although other devices (such as any PC or server) can function as a gateway . </P> <P> Most computer operating systems use the terms described above . Microsoft Windows, however, describes this standard networking feature as Internet Connection Sharing, which acts as a gateway, offering a connection between the Internet and an internal network . Such a system might also act as a DHCP server . Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a protocol used by networked devices (clients) to obtain various parameters necessary for the clients to operate in an Internet Protocol (IP) network . By using this protocol, system administration workload greatly decreases, and devices can be added to the network with minimal or no manual configurations . </P> <P> An Internet - to - orbit gateway (I2O) is a machine that acts as a connector between computers or devices connected to the Internet and computer systems orbiting Earth, such as satellites or manned spacecraft . Such a connection is made when the I2O establishes a stable link between a spacecraft and a computer (or a network of computers) on the Internet, such links can be for control signals, audio frequency, or visible spectrum signals . </P>

Which of the following is called information gateway