<P> Despite the intensified clashes between the CPC and KMT, countries such as the US and the Soviet Union attempted to prevent a disastrous civil war . After the New Fourth Army incident, US President Franklin D. Roosevelt sent special envoy Lauchlin Currie to talk with Chiang Kai - shek and KMT party leaders to express their concern regarding the hostility between the two parties, with Currie stating that the only ones to benefit from a civil war would be the Japanese . In 1941 the Soviet Union, with its closer alliance to the CPC, also sent an imperative telegram to Mao warning that the civil war would also make the situation easier for the Japanese military . Due to the international community's efforts, there was a temporary and superficial peace . In 1943 Chiang attacked the CPC with the propaganda piece China's Destiny, which questioned the CPC's power after the war, while the CPC strongly opposed Chiang's leadership and referred to his regime as fascist in an attempt to generate a negative public image . Both leaders knew that a deadly battle had begun between themselves . </P> <P> In general, developments in the Second Sino - Japanese War were to the advantage of the CPC, as its guerrilla war tactics had won them popular support within the Japanese - occupied areas, while the KMT's had to defend the country against the main Japanese campaigns to take over the country, since it was the legal Chinese government, and this proved costly to Chiang Kai - shek and his troops . In 1944 Japan launched its last major offensive, Operation Ichi - Go, against the KMT that resulted in the severe weakening of Chiang's forces . Also, the CPC suffered fewer losses through their guerrilla tactics . By the end of the war, the Red Army had grown to more than 1.3 million members, with a separate militia of over 2.6 million members . About one hundred million people lived in CPC - controlled zones . </P> <P> Under the terms of the Japanese unconditional surrender dictated by the United States, Japanese troops were ordered to surrender to KMT troops and not to the CPC, which was present in some of the occupied areas . In Manchuria, however, where the KMT had no forces, the Japanese surrendered to the Soviet Union . Chiang Kai - shek ordered the Japanese troops to remain at their post to receive the Kuomintang and not surrender their arms to the Communists . </P> <P> The first post-war peace negotiation was attended by both Chiang Kai - shek and Mao Zedong in Chongqing from 28 August 1945 and concluded on 10 October 1945 with the signing of Double Tenth Agreement . Both sides stressed the importance of a peaceful reconstruction, but the conference did not produce any concrete results . Battles between the two sides continued even as peace negotiations were in progress, until the agreement was reached in January 1946 . However, large campaigns and full - scale confrontations between the CPC and Chiang's troops were temporarily avoided . </P>

Who was defeated in the civil war in china