<P> When the Spanish Colonizers conquered the Philippines, the Spanish Codigo Penal was made applicable and extended to the Philippines by Royal Decree of 1870 . This was replaced with the old Penal Code which was put in place by Spanish authorities, and took effect in the Philippines on July 14, 1876 . This law was effective in the Philippines until the American colonization of the Philippines . It was only on December 8, 1930, when it was amended, under Act . No. 3815, with the enactment of the Revised Penal Code of the Philippines (the "Revised Penal Code"). </P> <P> The Revised Penal Code took effect on January 1, 1932 . It is composed of two parts--Book One of the Revised Penal Code provides the general provisions on the application of the law, and the general principles of criminal law . It defines felonies and circumstances which affect criminal liability, justifying circumstances and circumstances which exempt, mitigate or aggravate criminal liability, and defines the classification, duration, and effects of criminal penalties . Finally, it provides for the extinction and survival of criminal and civil liabilities in crimes . </P> <P> Book Two of the Revised Penal Code on the other hand defines the specific crimes and the penalties imposable for each crime . Crimes are classified into crimes against national security (such as treason, espionage and piracy), crimes against the fundamental laws of the state (rebellion, coup d'etat, sedition and public disorders), crimes against public interest (counterfeiting of currency, falsification of public documents), crimes against public morals, crimes committed by public officers, crimes against persons (parricide, murder, physical injuries, rape), crimes against security (kidnapping), and crimes against property (robbery, theft), among others . Criminal negligence is also an offense under the Revised Penal Code . Under the Revised Penal Code, acts and omissions punishable by law are called felonies . Thus, to be considered as a felony there must be an act or omission . </P> <P> Felonies can be consummated, frustrated, and attempted . A felony is consummated when all the elements necessary for its execution and accomplishment are present . It is frustrated when the offender performs all the acts of execution which would produce the felony as a consequence but which, nevertheless, do not produce it by reason of causes independent of the will of the perpetrator . There is an attempt when the offender commences the commission of a felony directly or overt acts, and does not perform all the acts of execution which should produce the felony by reason of some cause or accident other than his own spontaneous desistance . </P>

What are considered criminal cases in the philippines
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