<P> Screenprinting (occasionally known as "silkscreen", or "serigraphy") creates prints by using a fabric stencil technique; ink is simply pushed through the stencil against the surface of the paper, most often with the aid of a squeegee . Generally, the technique uses a natural or synthetic' mesh' fabric stretched tightly across a rectangular' frame,' much like a stretched canvas . The fabric can be silk, nylon monofilament, multifilament polyester, or even stainless steel . While commercial screenprinting often requires high - tech, mechanical apparatuses and calibrated materials, printmakers value it for the "Do It Yourself" approach, and the low technical requirements, high quality results . The essential tools required are a squeegee, a mesh fabric, a frame, and a stencil . Unlike many other printmaking processes, a printing press is not required, as screenprinting is essentially stencil printing . </P> <P> Screenprinting may be adapted to printing on a variety of materials, from paper, cloth, and canvas to rubber, glass, and metal . Artists have used the technique to print on bottles, on slabs of granite, directly onto walls, and to reproduce images on textiles which would distort under pressure from printing presses . </P> <P> Monotyping is a type of printmaking made by drawing or painting on a smooth, non-absorbent surface . The surface, or matrix, was historically a copper etching plate, but in contemporary work it can vary from zinc or glass to acrylic glass . The image is then transferred onto a sheet of paper by pressing the two together, usually using a printing - press . Monotypes can also be created by inking an entire surface and then, using brushes or rags, removing ink to create a subtractive image, e.g. creating lights from a field of opaque color . The inks used may be oil based or water based . With oil based inks, the paper may be dry, in which case the image has more contrast, or the paper may be damp, in which case the image has a 10 percent greater range of tones . </P> <P> Unlike monoprinting, monotyping produces a unique print, or monotype, because most of the ink is removed during the initial pressing . Although subsequent reprintings are sometimes possible, they differ greatly from the first print and are generally considered inferior . A second print from the original plate is called a "ghost print" or "cognate". Stencils, watercolor, solvents, brushes, and other tools are often used to embellish a monotype print . Monotypes are often spontaneously executed and with no preliminary sketch . </P>

Which of the following is not a type of printmaking