<P> The Humboldt Current System (HCS), also called the Peru Current, is a major Eastern Boundary Upwelling Ecosystem that flows north along the western coast of South America . It is an eastern boundary current flowing in the direction of the equator, and extend 500 - 1,000 kilometers offshore . The Humboldt Current is named after the Prussian naturalist Alexander von Humboldt . In 1846, von Humboldt reported measurements of the cold - water current in his book Cosmos . </P> <P> The current extends from the southern Chile (~ 45'S) to northern Peru (~ 4'S) where cold, upwelled waters intersect warm tropical waters to form the Equatorial Front . Sea surface temperatures off the coast of Peru, around 5'S, reach temperatures as low as 16'C . This is highly uncharacteristic of tropical waters, as most other regions have temperatures measuring above 25'C . Upwelling brings nutrients to the surface, which support phytoplankton and ultimately increase biological productivity . </P> <P> Upwelling within the current is not uniform across the entire system . Three notable upwelling subsystems are produced by this current: i) seasonal upwelling in Chile, ii) upwelling "shadow" that is less productive, but still large in northern Chile and Southern Peru, and iii) year - round upwelling in Peru . </P>

Current produced by upwelling of cold water off the coast of chile and peru
find me the text answering this question