<P> In 2012, in response to the Trayvon Martin case, the Tampa Bay Times compiled a report on the application of stand your ground, and also created a database of cases where defendants sought to invoke the law . Their report found no racial disparity in Florida cases in the way in which defendants claiming self - defense under the law are treated, with white subjects being charged and convicted at the same rate as black subjects, and results of mixed - race cases were similar for both white victims of black attackers and black victims of white attackers . Shooters of black attackers overall were more successful at using the law than shooters of white attackers, regardless of the race of the victim claiming self - defense, but analysis showed that black attackers were also more likely to be armed and to be involved in committing a crime, such as burglary, when shot . </P> <P> A Texas A&M study found that when whites use the stand - your - ground defense against black attackers they are more successful than when blacks use the defense against white attackers . A paper from The Urban Institute which analysed FBI data found that in stand - your - ground states, the use of the defense by whites in the shooting of a black person is found to be justifiable 17 percent of the time, while the defense when used by blacks in the shooting of a white person is successful 1 percent of the time . In non-stand - your - ground states, the shooting of a black person by a white is found justified approximately 9 percent of the time, while the shooting of a white person by a black is found justified approximately 1 percent of the time . According to the Urban Institute, in Stand Your Ground states, white - on - black homicides are 354 percent more likely to be ruled justified than white - on - white homicides . The paper's author noted that the data used do not detail the circumstances of the shooting, which could be a source of the disparity . They also noted that the total number of shootings in the FBI dataset of black victims by whites was 25 . A 2015 study found that cases with white victims are two times more likely to result in convictions under these laws than cases with black victims . </P> <P> A 2018 RAND Corporation overview of existing research concluded that "there is moderate evidence that stand - your - ground laws may increase homicide rates and limited evidence that the laws increase firearm homicides in particular ." Justifiable homicides have been found to have increased by 8 percent in states with stand - your - ground laws . Economist John Lott says that states adopting stand - your - ground / castle doctrine laws reduced murder rates by 9 percent and overall violent crime by 11 percent, and that occurs even after accounting for a range of other factors such as national crime trends, law enforcement variables (arrest, execution, and imprisonment rates), income and poverty measures, demographic changes, and the national average changes in crime rates from year - to - year and average differences across states . One study found that the adoption of stand - your - ground laws caused a statistically significant increase in the raw homicide rate, and had only a very small positive effect on deterrence of crime . The authors of the study were unable to determine what percentage of the increase was justifiable homicide, due to the reporting of homicide to the FBI often lacking notation whether the homicide was justifiable or not . </P> <P> Another analysis of stand - your - ground laws by economists at Georgia State University, using monthly data from the U.S. Vital Statistics, found a significant increase in homicide and injury of whites, especially white males . They also analyzed data from the Health Care Utilization Project, which revealed significantly increased rates of emergency room visits and hospital discharges related to gun injuries in states which enacted these laws . </P>

List of states with stand your ground law