<Li> The valley of the Vardar River and south from Skopje to Athens is in the rain shadow of the Prokletije and Pindus Mountains . On its windward side the Prokletije has the highest rainfall in Europe at around 5,000 millimetres (200 in) with small glaciers even at mean annual temperatures well above 0 ° C (32 ° F), but the leeward side receives as little as 400 millimetres (16 in). </Li> <Li> The Scandinavian Mountains create a rain shadow for lowland areas east of the mountain chain and prevents the Oceanic climate from penetrating further east; thus Bergen, west of the mountains, receives 2,250 mm precipitation annually while Oslo receives only 760 mm, and Skjåk, a municipality situated in a deep valley, receives only 280 mm . </Li> <Ul> <Li> The windward side of the island of Madagascar, which sees easterly on - shore winds, is wet tropical, while the western and southern sides of the island lie in the rain shadow of the central highlands and are home to thorn forests and deserts . The same is true for the island of Réunion . On Tristan da Cunha, Sandy Point on the east coast is warmer and drier than the rainy, windswept settlement of Edinburgh in the west . </Li> <Li> In Western Cape Province, the Breede River Valley and the Karoo lie in the rain shadow of the Cape Fold Mountains and are arid; whereas the wettest parts of the Cape Mountains can receive 1,500 millimetres (59 in), Worcester receives only around 200 millimetres (8 in) and is useful only for grazing . </Li> <Li> The Sahara Desert is made even drier because of two strong rain shadow effects caused by some major mountains ranges (whose highest points can culminate to more than 4,000 meters high). To the northwest, the Atlas Mountains, covering the Mediterranean coast for Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia as well as to the southeast with the Ethiopian Highlands, located in Ethiopia around the Horn of Africa . On the windward side of the Atlas Mountains, the warm, moist winds blowing from the northwest off the Atlantic Ocean which contain a lot of water vapor are forced to rise, lift up and expand over the mountain range . This causes them to cool down, which causes an excess of moisture to condense into high clouds and results in heavy precipitation over the mountain range . This is known as orographic rainfall and after this process, the air is dry because it has lost most of its moisture over the Atlas Mountains . On the leeward side, the cold, dry air starts to descend and to sink and compress, making the winds warm up . This warming causes the moisture to evaporate, making clouds disappear . This prevents rainfall formation and creates desert conditions in the Sahara . The same phenomenon occurs in the Ethiopian Highlands, but this rain shadow effect is even more pronounced because this mountain range is larger, with the tropical Monsoon of South Asia coming from the Indian Ocean and from the Arabian Sea . These produce clouds and rainfall on the windward side of the mountains, but the leeward side stays rain shadowed and extremely dry . This second extreme rain shadow effect partially explains the extreme aridity of the eastern Sahara Desert, which is the driest and the sunniest place on the planet . Similar levels of aridity and dryness are only seen in the Atacama Desert, located in Chile and Peru . </Li> <Li> Desert regions in the Horn of Africa (Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia and Djibouti) such as the Danakil Desert are all influenced by the air heating and drying produced by rain shadow effect of the Ethiopian Highlands, too . </Li> </Ul> <Li> The windward side of the island of Madagascar, which sees easterly on - shore winds, is wet tropical, while the western and southern sides of the island lie in the rain shadow of the central highlands and are home to thorn forests and deserts . The same is true for the island of Réunion . On Tristan da Cunha, Sandy Point on the east coast is warmer and drier than the rainy, windswept settlement of Edinburgh in the west . </Li>

Where is the rain shadow located in this picture