<P> Systematic oppression of pro-Ukrainian intellectuals, conveniently and uniformly dubbed as "nationalists", was carried under the propaganda campaign against Ukrainian nationalism threatening the Soviet way of life . In cultural sense it marked a new waive of Russification in the 1970s, when universities and research facilities were gradually and secretly discouraged from using Ukrainian . Switching to Russian, as well as choosing to send children to Russian schools was expedient for educational and career advancement . </P> <P> Thus the city underwent another cycle of gradual Russification . </P> <P> Every attempt to dispute Soviet rule was harshly oppressed, especially concerning democracy, Ukrainian SSR's self - government, and ethnic - religious problems . Campaigns against "Ukrainian bourgeois nationalism" and "Western influence" in Kiev's educational and scientific institutions were mounted repeatedly . Due to limited career prospects in Kiev, Moscow became a preferable life destination for many Kievans (and Ukrainians as a whole), especially for artists and other creative intellectuals . Dozens of show - business celebrities in modern Russia were born in Kiev . </P> <P> In the 1970s and later 1980s--1990s, given special permission from the Soviet government, a significant part of the city's Jews migrated to Israel and the West . </P>

What role did the city of kiev play in russian history