<Li> they had resided in Canada for over one year immediately before the application prior to attaining 28 years of age; or, </Li> <Li> they had provided proof of "substantial connections" with Canada between the age of 14 and 28 (including English and French language test results, proof of attendance at a Canadian school, or proof of employment of the Federal or provincial government). </Li> <P> Applications would be considered by a citizenship judge and, if rejected, could be filed again after the applicant had met the requirements . Successful applicants would be issued a citizenship card and a certificate of retention, and both serve as the legal proof of citizenship . </P> <P> This provision was formally repealed on 17 April 2009 when Bill C - 37 came into effect, and those who attained 28 years of age on or after the date no longer has a requirement to retain citizenship . Thus, only those who were born between the period of 15 February 1977 (the day that the 1977 Act went into effect) and 16 April 1981 were required to retain citizenship and, if had not taken the steps to do so, would lose their Canadian citizenship between 15 February 2005 and 16 April 2009 . However, a child born to such parent would still be a Canadian citizen and no longer had to apply for retention, if he or she was born after 16 April 1981 but before 17 April 2009 and the parent had not formally lost Canadian citizenship at the time of the child's birth . The parent, nevertheless, would face the loss of citizenship if he or she had not successfully filed for retention . </P>

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