<P> Ray's international career started in earnest after the success of his next film, Aparajito (The Unvanquished). This film shows the eternal struggle between the ambitions of a young man, Apu, and the mother who loves him . Critics such as Mrinal Sen and Ritwik Ghatak rank it higher than Ray's first film . Aparajito won the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival, bringing Ray considerable acclaim . Before completing The Apu Trilogy, Ray directed and released two other films: the comic Parash Pathar (The Philosopher's Stone), and Jalsaghar (The Music Room), a film about the decadence of the Zamindars, considered one of his most important works . </P> <P> While making Aparajito, Ray had not planned a trilogy, but after he was asked about the idea in Venice, it appealed to him . He finished the last of the trilogy, Apur Sansar (The World of Apu) in 1959 . Critics Robin Wood and Aparna Sen found this to be the supreme achievement of the trilogy . Ray introduced two of his favourite actors, Soumitra Chatterjee and Sharmila Tagore, in this film . It opens with Apu living in a Calcutta house in near - poverty . He becomes involved in an unusual marriage with Aparna . The scenes of their life together form "one of the cinema's classic affirmative depictions of married life ." They suffer tragedy . After Apur Sansar was harshly criticised by a Bengali critic, Ray wrote an article defending it . He rarely responded to critics during his filmmaking career, but also later defended his film Charulata, his personal favourite . </P> <P> Ray wrote his memoirs during his filming of the Apu Trilogy which has been published as My Years with Apu: A Memoir . </P> <P> Ray's film successes had little influence on his personal life in the years to come . He continued to live with his wife and children in a rented house, with his mother, uncle and other members of his extended family . </P>

Who was the first indian to be awarded the oscar for lifetime achievement in cinema