<P> In Algeria, restrictions on proxy voting were instituted circa 1991 in order to undermine the Islamic Salvation Front . </P> <P> In Canada, the province of Nova Scotia allows citizens to vote by proxy if they expect to be absent . The Territories of Yukon, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut also allow for proxy voting . Canadian prisoners of war in enemy camps were allowed to vote through proxy voting . David Stewart and Keith Archer opine that proxy voting can result in leadership selection processes to become leader - dominated . Proxy voting had only been available to military personnel since World War II, but was extended in 1970 and 1977 to include voters in special circumstances such as northern camp operators, fishermen, and prospectors . The Alberta Liberal Party ran into some difficulties, in that an unknown number of proxy ballots that were counted may have been invalid . Those who, through proxy voting or assistance of invalids, become knowledgeable of the principal's choice are bound to secrecy . </P> <P> Some Chinese provinces allow village residents to designate someone to vote on their behalf . Lily L. Tsai notes that "In practice, one family member often casts votes for everyone in the family even if they are present for the election . In 1997, a Carter Center delegation recommended abolishing the proxy voting that allowed one person to vote for three; the International Republican Institute had made a similar recommendation . Proxy voting also became an issue in relation to many of the Wenzhou people doing business outside . Most election disputes revolved around proxy votes, including the issues of who could represent them to vote and what kinds of evidence were acceptable for proxy voting . Intense competition made the proxy voting process more and more formal and transparent . Some villages required a notary to validate faxed proxy votes; some villages asked for faxed signatures; more often villages publicized those proxy votes so that villagers could directly monitor them . Taicang government reported a 99.4% voter turnout in its 1997 election, but a study showed that after removing proxy votes, only 48% of the eligible voters in the sample reported that they actually went to the central polling station to vote . </P> <P> According to Mim Kelber, "in Central Africa, all it takes for a man to cast a proxy vote for his wife is to produce an unwitnessed letter mentioning the name of the person to whom the voting power is delegated ." The Gabon respondent to an Inter-Parliamentary Union letter commented, "It has been observed that this possibility was exploited to a far greater extent by men than by women, for reasons not always noble ." </P>

A proxy is a document that gives a designated agent the right to vote a shareholder's stock