<P> Polyploidy is the state of a cell or organism having more than two paired (homologous) sets of chromosomes . Most species whose cells have nuclei (eukaryotes) are diploid, meaning they have two sets of chromosomes--one set inherited from each parent . However, polyploidy is found in some organisms and is especially common in plants . In addition, polyploidy occurs in some tissues of animals that are otherwise diploid, such as human muscle tissues . This is known as endopolyploidy . Species whose cells do not have nuclei, that is, prokaryotes, may be polyploid, as seen in the large bacterium Epulopiscium fishelsoni . Hence ploidy is defined with respect to a cell . Most eukaryotes have diploid somatic cells, but produce haploid gametes (eggs and sperm) by meiosis . A monoploid has only one set of chromosomes, and the term is usually only applied to cells or organisms that are normally diploid . Male bees and other Hymenoptera, for example, are monoploid . Unlike animals, plants and multicellular algae have life cycles with two alternating multicellular generations . The gametophyte generation is haploid, and produces gametes by mitosis, the sporophyte generation is diploid and produces spores by meiosis . </P> <P> Polyploidy refers to a numerical change in a whole set of chromosomes . Organisms in which a particular chromosome, or chromosome segment, is under - or overrepresented are said to be aneuploid (from the Greek words meaning "not", "good", and "fold"). Aneuploidy refers to a numerical change in part of the chromosome set, whereas polyploidy refers to a numerical change in the whole set of chromosomes . </P>

When do we say that an organism is polyploid
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