<P> Alexandra W. Logue is interested in how outcomes change the possibilities of a self - control choice being made . Logue identifies three possible outcome effects: outcome delays, outcome size, and outcome contingencies . The delay of an outcome results in the perception that the outcome is less valuable than an outcome which is more readily achieved . The devaluing of the delayed outcome can cause less self - control . A way to increase self - control in situations of a delayed outcome is to pre-expose an outcome . Pre-exposure reduces the frustrations related to the delay of the outcome . An example of this is signing bonuses . </P> <P> Outcome size deals with the relative, perceived size of possible outcomes . There tends to be a relationship between the value of the incentive and the desired outcome; the larger the desired outcome, the larger the value . Some factors that decrease value include delay, effort / cost, and uncertainty . The decision tends to be based on the option with the higher value at the time of the decision . </P> <P> Finally, Logue defines the relationship between responses and outcomes as outcome contingencies . Outcome contingencies also impact the degree of self - control that a person exercises . For instance, if a person is able to change his choice after the initial choice is made, the person is far more likely to take the impulsive, rather than self - controlled, choice . Additionally, it is possible for people to make precommitment action . A precommitment action is an action meant to lead to a self - controlled action at a later period in time . When a person sets an alarm clock, they are making a precommitted response to wake up early in the morning . Hence, that person is more likely to exercise the self - controlled decision to wake up, rather than to fall back in bed for a little more sleep . </P> <P> Cassandra B. Whyte studied locus of control and academic performance and determined that internals tend to achieve at a higher level . Internals may perceive they have options from which to choose, thus facilitating more hopeful decision - making behavior as opposed to dependence on externally determined outcomes that require less commitment, effort, or self - control . </P>

9. the one aspect of your personality over which you have the most control is your