<P> The unpopular legislation provided for stricter control of the press, arrests without warrant, indefinite detention without trial, and juryless in camera trials for proscribed political acts . The accused were denied the right to know the accusers and the evidence used in the trial . Those convicted were required to deposit securities upon release, and were prohibited from taking part in any political, educational, or religious activities . On the report of the committee, headed by Justice Rowlatt, two bills were introduced in the central legislature in February 1919 . These bills came to be known as "black bills". They gave enormous powers to the police to search a place and arrest any person they disapproved of without warrant . A well known description of the bills at that time was: No Dalil, No Vakil, No Appeal i.e., no pleas, no lawyer, no Appeal . Despite much opposition, the Rowlatt Act was passed in March 1919 . The purpose of the act was to curb the growing nationalist upsurge in the country . </P> <P> Mahatma Gandhi, among other Indian leaders, was extremely critical of the Act and argued that not everyone should be punished in response to isolated political crimes . The Act angered many Indian leaders and the public, which caused the government to implement repressive measures . Gandhi and others thought that constitutional opposition to the measure was fruitless, so on April 6, a "hartal" was organised where Indians would suspend all business and would fast, pray and hold public meetings against the' Black Act' as a sign of their opposition and civil disobedience would be offered against the law . This event was known as the Rowlatt Satyagraha . </P> <P> However, the success of the hartal in Delhi, on March 30, was overshadowed by tensions running high, which resulted in rioting in the Punjab and other provinces . Deciding that Indians were not ready to make a stand consistent with the principle of nonviolence, an integral part of satyagraha, Gandhi suspended the resistance . </P> <P> The Rowlatt Act came into effect in March 1919 . In the Punjab the protest movement was very strong, and on April 10 two leaders of the congress, Dr. Satya Pal and Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew, were arrested and taken secretly to Dharamsala . </P>

Who is the viceroy of india when the rowlatt act was passed