<P> That axiom of your numeration, false in visible nature, is false likewise in the invisible universe of your abstractions, where the same variety is found in your ideas, which are the objects of the visible world extended by their interrelations; indeed, the differences are more striking there than elsewhere . </P> <P> Victor Hugo used this phrase in 1852 . He objected to the way in which the vast majority of French voters had backed Napoleon III, endorsing the way liberal values had been ignored in Napoleon III's coup . In his 1852 pamphlet, Napoléon le Petit, he writes: "Now, get seven million five hundred thousand votes to declare that two and two make five, that the straight line is the longest road, that the whole is less than its part; get it declared by eight millions, by ten millions, by a hundred millions of votes, you will not have advanced a step ." </P> <P> In Fyodor Dostoyevsky's Notes from Underground (published in 1864), the protagonist implicitly supports the idea of two times two making five, spending several paragraphs considering the implications of rejecting the statement "two times two makes four ." His purpose is not ideological, however . Instead, he proposes that it is the free will to choose or reject the logical as well as the illogical that makes mankind human . He adds: "I admit that twice two makes four is an excellent thing, but if we are to give everything its due, twice two makes five is sometimes a very charming thing too ." </P> <P> Dostoyevsky may have been aware of Hugo's use of this phrase . He had been sentenced to death for his participation in a radical intellectual discussion group . The sentence was commuted to imprisonment in Siberia, and he changed his opinions such that they would fit no conventional labels . </P>

Who said 2+2=5 in 1984