<P> is positive and does not admit of explanation or delay ." Internal insurgent communications reported that the Americans were drunk at the time . Halstead writes that Aguinaldo expressed his regret and promised to punish the offenders . In internal insurgent communications, Apolinario Mabini initially proposed to investigate and punish any offenders identified . Aguinaldo modified this, ordering, "...say that he was not killed by your soldiers, but by them themselves (the Americans) since they were drunk according to your telegram". An insurgent officer in Cavite at the time reported on his record of services that he: "took part in the movement against the Americans on the afternoon of the 24th of August, under the orders of the commander of the troops and the adjutant of the post ." </P> <P> Elections were held by the Revolutionary Government between June and September 10, resulting in Emilio Aguinaldo being seated as President in the seating of a legislature known as the Malolos Congress . In a session between September 15 and November 13, 1898, the Malolos Constitution was adopted . It was promulgated on January 21, 1899, creating the First Philippine Republic . </P> <P> Article V of the peace protocol signed on August 12 had mandated negotiations to conclude a treaty of peace to begin in Paris not later than October 1, 1898 . President McKinley sent a five - man commission, initially instructed to demand no more than Luzon, Guam, and Puerto Rico; which would have provided a limited U.S. empire of pinpoint colonies to support a global fleet and provide communication links . In Paris, the commission was besieged with advice, particularly from American generals and European diplomats, to demand the entire Philippine archipelago . The unanimous recommendation was that "it would certainly be cheaper and more humane to take the entire Philippines than to keep only part of it ." On October 28, 1898, McKinley wired the commission that "cessation of Luzon alone, leaving the rest of the islands subject to Spanish rule, or to be the subject of future contention, cannot be justified on political, commercial, or humanitarian grounds . The cessation must be the whole archipeligo or none . The latter is wholly inadmissible, and the former must therefore be required ." The Spanish negotiators were furious over the "immodist demands of a conqueror", but their wounded pride was assuaged by an offer of twenty million dollars for "Spanish improvements" to the islands . The Spaniards capitulated, and on December 10, 1898, the U.S. and Spain signed the Treaty of Paris, formally ending the Spanish--American War . In Article III, Spain ceded the Philippine archipelago to the United States, as follows: "Spain cedes to the United States the archipelago known as the Philippine Islands, and comprehending the islands lying within the following line: (... geographic description elided ...). The United States will pay to Spain the sum of twenty million dollars ($20,000,000) within three months after the exchange of the ratifications of the present treaty ." </P> <P> In the U.S., there was a movement for Philippine independence; some said that the U.S. had no right to a land where many of the people wanted self - government . In 1898 Andrew Carnegie, an industrialist and steel magnate, offered to offered to pay the U.S. government $20 million to give the Philippines its independence . </P>

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