<P> Nagar Nigam a.k.a. Mahanagar Palika or by some other names in different states (translated in english as Municipal Corporation) in India are state government formed departments that works for the development of a metropolitan city, which has a population of more than 1 million . The growing population and urbanisation in various cities of India were in need of a local governing body that can work for providing necessary community services like health centres, educational institutes and housing and property tax . </P> <P> They are formed under the Corporations Act of 1835 of panchayati raj system which mainly deals in providing essential services in every small town as well as village of a district / city . Their elections are held once in five year and the people choose the candidates . The largest corporations are in the eight metropolitan cities of India, namely Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad and Pune . These cities not only have a large population, but are also the administrative as well as commercial centres of the country . </P> <P> In India, a Nagar Palika or Municipality or is an urban local body that administers a city of population 100,000 but less than 1,000,000 . However, there are exceptions to that, as previously nagar palikas were constituted in urban centers with population over 20,000 so all the urban bodies which were previously classified as Nagar palika were reclassified as Nagar palika even if their population was under 100,000 . Under the Panchayati Raj system, it interacts directly with the state government, though it is administratively part of the district it is located in . Generally smaller district cities and bigger towns have a Nagar palika . Nagar palikas are also a form of local self - government, entrusted with some duties and responsibilities, as enshrined and guided upon by the Constitutional (74th Amendment) Act, 1992 . </P> <P> The members of the Nagar palika are elected representatives for a term of five years . The town is divided into wards according to its population, and representatives are elected from each ward . The members elect a president among themselves to preside over and conduct meetings . A chief officer, along with officers like an engineer, sanitary inspector, health officer and education officer who come from the state public service are appointed by the state government to control the administrative affairs of the Nagar Palika . </P>

Who introduced the system of local boards or local bodies in india