<P> Mars and its moons have been a target for many spacecraft, with flyby, orbiter, lander and rover missions visiting the planet . In addition, two spacecraft, Rosetta and Dawn, have made flybys to get gravity assists for other missions; the former en route to comet 67P / Churyumov--Gerasimenko, and the latter en route to asteroid 4 Vesta and dwarf planet Ceres . Three missions were dedicated to Phobos, but they did not achieve their targets </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Spacecraft </Th> <Th> Launch Date </Th> <Th> Operator </Th> <Th> Mission </Th> <Th> Outcome </Th> <Th> Remarks </Th> <Th> Carrier rocket </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1M No. 1 </Td> <Td> 000000001960 - 10 - 10 - 0000 10 October 1960 </Td> <Td> OKB - 1 Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Flyby </Td> <Td> 0Launch failure </Td> <Td> Failed to orbit </Td> <Td> Molniya </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1M No. 2 </Td> <Td> 000000001960 - 10 - 14 - 0000 14 October 1960 </Td> <Td> OKB - 1 Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Flyby </Td> <Td> 0Launch failure </Td> <Td> Failed to orbit </Td> <Td> Molniya </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2MV - 4 No. 1 </Td> <Td> 000000001962 - 10 - 24 - 0000 24 October 1962 </Td> <Td> Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Flyby </Td> <Td> 0Launch failure </Td> <Td> Booster stage ("Block L") disintegrated in LEO </Td> <Td> Molniya </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mars 1 (2MV - 4 No. 2) </Td> <Td> 000000001962 - 11 - 01 - 0000 1 November 1962 </Td> <Td> Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Flyby </Td> <Td> 1Spacecraft failure </Td> <Td> Communications lost before flyby </Td> <Td> Molniya </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2MV - 3 No. 1 </Td> <Td> 000000001962 - 11 - 04 - 0000 4 November 1962 </Td> <Td> Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Lander </Td> <Td> 0Launch failure </Td> <Td> Never left LEO </Td> <Td> Molniya </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mariner 3 </Td> <Td> 000000001964 - 11 - 05 - 0000 5 November 1964 </Td> <Td> NASA United States </Td> <Td> Flyby </Td> <Td> 0Launch failure </Td> <Td> Payload fairing failed to separate </Td> <Td> Atlas LV - 3 Agena - D </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mariner 4 </Td> <Td> 000000001964 - 11 - 28 - 0000 28 November 1964 </Td> <Td> NASA United States </Td> <Td> Flyby </Td> <Td> 4Successful </Td> <Td> Closest approach at 01: 00: 57 UTC on 15 July 1965 </Td> <Td> Atlas LV - 3 Agena - D </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Zond 2 (3MV - 4A No. 2) </Td> <Td> 000000001964 - 11 - 30 - 0000 30 November 1964 </Td> <Td> Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Flyby </Td> <Td> 1Spacecraft failure </Td> <Td> Communications lost before flyby </Td> <Td> Molniya </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mariner 6 </Td> <Td> 000000001969 - 02 - 25 - 0000 25 February 1969 </Td> <Td> NASA United States </Td> <Td> Flyby </Td> <Td> 4Successful </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Atlas SLV - 3C Centaur - D </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2M No. 521 </Td> <Td> 000000001969 - 03 - 27 - 0000 27 March 1969 </Td> <Td> Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> 0Launch failure </Td> <Td> Failed to orbit </Td> <Td> Proton - K / D </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mariner 7 </Td> <Td> 000000001969 - 03 - 27 - 0000 27 March 1969 </Td> <Td> NASA United States </Td> <Td> Flyby </Td> <Td> 4Successful </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Atlas SLV - 3C Centaur - D </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2M No. 522 </Td> <Td> 000000001969 - 04 - 02 - 0000 2 April 1969 </Td> <Td> Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> 0Launch failure </Td> <Td> Failed to orbit </Td> <Td> Proton - K / D </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mariner 8 </Td> <Td> 000000001971 - 05 - 09 - 0000 9 May 1971 </Td> <Td> NASA United States </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> 0Launch failure </Td> <Td> Failed to orbit </Td> <Td> Atlas SLV - 3C Centaur - D </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kosmos 419 (3MS No. 170) </Td> <Td> 000000001971 - 05 - 10 - 0000 10 May 1971 </Td> <Td> Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> 0Launch failure </Td> <Td> Never left LEO; booster stage burn timer set incorrectly </Td> <Td> Proton - K / D </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mars 2 (4M No. 171) </Td> <Td> 000000001971 - 05 - 19 - 0000 19 May 1971 </Td> <Td> Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> 3Mostly successful </Td> <Td> Entered orbit 27 November 1971, operated for 362 orbits . Mapping operations unsuccessful due to dust storms on the surface </Td> <Td> Proton - K / D </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mars 2 lander (SA 4M No. 171) </Td> <Td> 000000001971 - 05 - 19 - 0000 19 May 1971 </Td> <Td> Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Lander </Td> <Td> 1Spacecraft failure </Td> <Td> Deployed from Mars 2, failed to land during attempt on 27 November 1971 </Td> <Td> Proton - K / D </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mars 3 (4M No. 172) </Td> <Td> 000000001971 - 05 - 28 - 0000 28 May 1971 </Td> <Td> Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> 3Mostly successful </Td> <Td> Entered orbit 2 December 1971, operated for 20 orbits . Mapping operations unsuccessful due to dust storms on the surface </Td> <Td> Proton - K / D </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mars 3 lander (SA 4M No. 172) </Td> <Td> 000000001971 - 05 - 28 - 0000 28 May 1971 </Td> <Td> Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Lander </Td> <Td> 2Partial failure </Td> <Td> Deployed from Mars 3; landed at 13: 52 UTC on 2 December 1971; contact lost 14.5 seconds after transmission start </Td> <Td> Proton - K / D </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Prop - M Rover rover (SA 4M No. 172) </Td> <Td> 000000001971 - 05 - 28 - 0000 28 May 1971 </Td> <Td> Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Rover </Td> <Td> 1Spacecraft failure </Td> <Td> Failed to deploy </Td> <Td> Proton - K / D </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mariner 9 </Td> <Td> 000000001971 - 05 - 30 - 0000 30 May 1971 </Td> <Td> NASA United States </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> 4Successful </Td> <Td> Entered orbit on 14 November 1971, deactivated 516 days after entering orbit </Td> <Td> Atlas SLV - 3C Centaur - D </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mars 4 (3MS No. 52S) </Td> <Td> 000000001973 - 07 - 21 - 0000 21 July 1973 </Td> <Td> Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> 1Spacecraft failure </Td> <Td> Failed to perform orbital insertion burn </Td> <Td> Proton - K / D </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mars 5 (3MS No. 53S) </Td> <Td> 000000001973 - 07 - 25 - 0000 25 July 1973 </Td> <Td> Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> 2Partial failure </Td> <Td> Failed after 9 days in Mars orbit; returned 180 frames </Td> <Td> Proton - K / D </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mars 6 (3MP No. 50P) </Td> <Td> 000000001973 - 08 - 05 - 0000 5 August 1973 </Td> <Td> Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Lander Flyby </Td> <Td> 1Spacecraft failure </Td> <Td> Contact lost upon landing, atmospheric data mostly unreadable . Flyby bus collected data . </Td> <Td> Proton - K / D </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mars 7 (3MP No. 51P) </Td> <Td> 000000001973 - 08 - 09 - 0000 9 August 1973 </Td> <Td> Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Lander Flyby </Td> <Td> 1Spacecraft failure </Td> <Td> Separated from coast stage prematurely, failed to enter Martian atmosphere </Td> <Td> Proton - K / D </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Viking 1 orbiter </Td> <Td> 000000001975 - 08 - 20 - 0000 20 August 1975 </Td> <Td> NASA United States </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> 4Successful </Td> <Td> Operated for 1385 orbits </Td> <Td> Titan IIIE Centaur - D1T </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Viking 1 lander </Td> <Td> 000000001975 - 08 - 20 - 0000 20 August 1975 </Td> <Td> NASA United States </Td> <Td> Lander </Td> <Td> 4Successful </Td> <Td> Deployed from Viking 1 orbiter, operated for 2245 sols </Td> <Td> Titan IIIE Centaur - D1T </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Viking 2 orbiter </Td> <Td> 000000001975 - 09 - 09 - 0000 9 September 1975 </Td> <Td> NASA United States </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> 4Successful </Td> <Td> Operated for 700 orbits </Td> <Td> Titan IIIE Centaur - D1T </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Viking 2 lander </Td> <Td> 000000001975 - 09 - 09 - 0000 9 September 1975 </Td> <Td> NASA United States </Td> <Td> Lander </Td> <Td> 4Successful </Td> <Td> Deployed from Viking 2 orbiter, operated for 1281 sols </Td> <Td> Titan IIIE Centaur - D1T </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Phobos 1 (1F No. 101) </Td> <Td> 000000001988 - 07 - 07 - 0000 7 July 1988 </Td> <Td> Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Orbiter Phobos lander </Td> <Td> 1Spacecraft failure </Td> <Td> Communications lost before reaching Mars; failed to enter orbit </Td> <Td> Proton - K / D - 2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Phobos 2 (1F No. 102) </Td> <Td> 000000001988 - 07 - 12 - 0000 12 July 1988 </Td> <Td> Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Orbiter Phobos lander </Td> <Td> 2Partial failure </Td> <Td> Orbital observations successful, communications lost before landing </Td> <Td> Proton - K / D - 2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mars Observer </Td> <Td> 000000001992 - 09 - 25 - 0000 25 September 1992 </Td> <Td> NASA United States </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> 1Spacecraft failure </Td> <Td> Lost communications before orbital insertion </Td> <Td> Commercial Titan III </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mars Global Surveyor </Td> <Td> 000000001996 - 11 - 07 - 0000 7 November 1996 </Td> <Td> NASA United States </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> 4Successful </Td> <Td> Operated for seven years </Td> <Td> Delta II 7925 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mars 96 (M1 No. 520) </Td> <Td> 000000001996 - 11 - 16 - 0000 16 November 1996 </Td> <Td> Rosaviakosmos Russia </Td> <Td> Orbiter Penetrators </Td> <Td> 0Launch failure </Td> <Td> Never left LEO </Td> <Td> Proton - K / D - 2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mars Pathfinder </Td> <Td> 000000001996 - 12 - 04 - 0000 4 December 1996 </Td> <Td> NASA United States </Td> <Td> Lander </Td> <Td> 4Successful </Td> <Td> Landed at 19.13 ° N 33.22 ° W on 4 July 1997 </Td> <Td> Delta II 7925 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sojourner </Td> <Td> 000000001996 - 12 - 04 - 0000 4 December 1996 </Td> <Td> NASA United States </Td> <Td> Rover </Td> <Td> 4Successful </Td> <Td> Operated for 84 days </Td> <Td> Delta II 7925 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Nozomi (PLANET - B) </Td> <Td> 000000001998 - 07 - 03 - 0000 3 July 1998 </Td> <Td> ISAS Japan </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> 1Spacecraft failure </Td> <Td> Ran out of fuel before reaching Mars </Td> <Td> M-V </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mars Climate Orbiter </Td> <Td> 000000001998 - 12 - 11 - 0000 11 December 1998 </Td> <Td> NASA United States </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> 1Spacecraft failure </Td> <Td> Approached Mars too closely during orbit insertion attempt due to unit conversion error and burned up in the atmosphere </Td> <Td> Delta II 7425 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mars Polar Lander </Td> <Td> 000000001999 - 01 - 03 - 0000 3 January 1999 </Td> <Td> NASA United States </Td> <Td> Lander </Td> <Td> 1Spacecraft failure </Td> <Td> Failed to land </Td> <Td> Delta II 7425 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Deep Space 2 </Td> <Td> 000000001999 - 01 - 03 - 0000 3 January 1999 </Td> <Td> NASA United States </Td> <Td> Penetrator </Td> <Td> 1Spacecraft failure </Td> <Td> Deployed from MPL, no data returned </Td> <Td> Delta II 7425 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mars Odyssey </Td> <Td> 000000002001 - 04 - 07 - 0000 7 April 2001 </Td> <Td> NASA United States </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> 5Operational </Td> <Td> Expected to remain operational until 2025 . </Td> <Td> Delta II 7925 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mars Express </Td> <Td> 000000002003 - 06 - 02 - 0000 2 June 2003 </Td> <Td> ESA Europe </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> 5Operational </Td> <Td> Enough fuel to remain operational until 2026 . </Td> <Td> Soyuz - FG / Fregat </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Beagle 2 </Td> <Td> 000000002003 - 06 - 02 - 0000 2 June 2003 </Td> <Td> ESA Europe </Td> <Td> Lander </Td> <Td> 1Lander failure </Td> <Td> Deployed from Mars Express . Successful landing, but two solar panels failed to deploy, obstructing its communications . </Td> <Td> Soyuz - FG / Fregat </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Spirit (MER - A) </Td> <Td> 000000002003 - 06 - 10 - 0000 10 June 2003 </Td> <Td> NASA United States </Td> <Td> Rover </Td> <Td> 4Successful </Td> <Td> operated for 2208 sols </Td> <Td> Delta II 7925 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Opportunity (MER - B) </Td> <Td> 000000002003 - 07 - 08 - 0000 8 July 2003 </Td> <Td> NASA United States </Td> <Td> Rover </Td> <Td> 5Operational </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Delta II 7925H </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rosetta </Td> <Td> 000000002004 - 03 - 02 - 0000 2 March 2004 </Td> <Td> ESA Europe </Td> <Td> Gravity assist </Td> <Td> 4Successful </Td> <Td> Flyby in February 2007 en route to 67P / Churyumov--Gerasimenko </Td> <Td> Ariane 5G+ </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter </Td> <Td> 000000002005 - 08 - 12 - 0000 12 August 2005 </Td> <Td> NASA United States </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> 5Operational </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Atlas V 401 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Phoenix </Td> <Td> 000000002007 - 08 - 04 - 0000 4 August 2007 </Td> <Td> NASA United States </Td> <Td> Lander </Td> <Td> 4Successful </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Delta II 7925 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dawn </Td> <Td> 000000002007 - 09 - 27 - 0000 27 September 2007 </Td> <Td> NASA United States </Td> <Td> Gravity assist </Td> <Td> 4Successful </Td> <Td> Flyby in February 2009 en route to 4 Vesta and Ceres </Td> <Td> Delta II 7925H </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Fobos - Grunt </Td> <Td> 000000002011 - 11 - 08 - 0000 8 November 2011 </Td> <Td> Roskosmos Russia </Td> <Td> Orbiter Phobos sample </Td> <Td> 1Spacecraft failure </Td> <Td> Never left LEO (intended to depart under own power) </Td> <Td> Zenit - 2M </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Yinghuo - 1 </Td> <Td> 000000002011 - 11 - 08 - 0000 8 November 2011 </Td> <Td> CNSA PR China </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> 1Failure Lost with Fobos - Grunt </Td> <Td> To have been deployed by Fobos - Grunt </Td> <Td> Zenit - 2M </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Curiosity (Mars Science Laboratory) </Td> <Td> 000000002011 - 11 - 26 - 0000 26 November 2011 </Td> <Td> NASA United States </Td> <Td> Rover </Td> <Td> 5Operational </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Atlas V 541 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan) </Td> <Td> 000000002013 - 11 - 05 - 0000 5 November 2013 </Td> <Td> ISRO India </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> 5Operational </Td> <Td> Entered Mars orbit on 24 September 2014 . Mission extended till 2020 . </Td> <Td> PSLV - XL </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> MAVEN </Td> <Td> 000000002013 - 11 - 18 - 0000 18 November 2013 </Td> <Td> NASA United States </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> 5Operational </Td> <Td> Orbit insertion on September 22, 2014 </Td> <Td> Atlas V 401 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter </Td> <Td> 000000002016 - 03 - 14 - 0000 14 March 2016 </Td> <Td> ESA / Roscosmos Europe / Russia </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> 5Operational </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Proton - M / Briz - M </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Schiaparelli EDM lander </Td> <Td> 000000002016 - 03 - 14 - 0000 14 March 2016 </Td> <Td> ESA Europe </Td> <Td> Lander </Td> <Td> 1Partial failure </Td> <Td> Carried by the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter . Lander crashed, but test declared successful . </Td> <Td> Proton - M / Briz - M </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Th> Spacecraft </Th> <Th> Launch Date </Th> <Th> Operator </Th> <Th> Mission </Th> <Th> Outcome </Th> <Th> Remarks </Th> <Th> Carrier rocket </Th> </Tr>

How many past mission to mars have there been
find me the text answering this question