<P> In 1770, he produced The False Alarm, a political pamphlet attacking John Wilkes . </P> <P> In 1771, his Thoughts on the Late Transactions Respecting Falkland's Islands cautioned against war with Spain . </P> <P> In 1774, he printed The Patriot, a critique of what he viewed as false patriotism . On the evening of 7 April 1775, he made the famous statement, "Patriotism is the last refuge of the scoundrel ." This line was not, as is widely believed, about patriotism in general, but the false use of the term "patriotism" by William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham (the patriot - minister) and his supporters . Johnson opposed "self - professed patriots" in general, but valued what he considered "true" self - professed patriotism . </P> <P> The last of these pamphlets, Taxation No Tyranny (1775), was a defence of the Coercive Acts and a response to the Declaration of Rights of the First Continental Congress of America, which protested against taxation without representation . Johnson argued that in immigrating to America, colonists had "voluntarily resigned the power of voting", but they still had "virtual representation" in Parliament . In a parody of the Declaration of Rights, Johnson suggested that the Americans had no more right to govern themselves than the Cornish people . If the Americans wanted to participate in Parliament, said Johnson, they could move to England and purchase an estate . Johnson denounced English supporters of America as "traitors to this country", and hoped that the matter would be settled without bloodshed, but that it would end with "English superiority and American obedience". </P>

Who said patriotism is the last refuge of a scoundrel
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