<Ul> <Li> transmembrane potential--covered in this page . This is the most well - known form of membrane potential; in many cases the term "membrane potential" refers to the transmembrane potential . </Li> <Li> dipole potential </Li> <Li> surface potential </Li> </Ul> <Li> transmembrane potential--covered in this page . This is the most well - known form of membrane potential; in many cases the term "membrane potential" refers to the transmembrane potential . </Li> <P> Membrane potential (also transmembrane potential or membrane voltage) is the difference in electric potential between the interior and the exterior of a biological cell . With respect to the exterior of the cell, typical values of membrane potential range from--40 mV to--80 mV . </P> <P> All animal cells are surrounded by a membrane composed of a lipid bilayer with proteins embedded in it . The membrane serves as both an insulator and a diffusion barrier to the movement of ions . Transmembrane proteins, also known as ion transporter or ion pump proteins, actively push ions across the membrane and establish concentration gradients across the membrane, and ion channels allow ions to move across the membrane down those concentration gradients . Ion pumps and ion channels are electrically equivalent to a set of batteries and resistors inserted in the membrane, and therefore create a voltage between the two sides of the membrane . </P>

What is a membrane potential what is a membrane potential
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