<P> A republic, Madison writes, is different from a democracy because its government is placed in the hands of delegates, and, as a result of this, it can be extended over a larger area . The idea is that, in a large republic, there will be more "fit characters" to choose from for each delegate . Also, the fact that each representative is chosen from a larger constituency should make the "vicious arts" of electioneering (a reference to rhetoric) less effective . For instance, in a large republic, a corrupt delegate would need to bribe many more people in order to win an election than in a small republic . Also, in a republic, the delegates both filter and refine the many demands of the people so as to prevent the type of frivolous claims that impede purely democratic governments . </P> <P> Though Madison argued for a large and diverse republic, the writers of the Federalist Papers recognized the need for a balance . They wanted a republic diverse enough to prevent faction but with enough commonality to maintain cohesion among the states . In Federalist No. 2, John Jay counted as a blessing that America possessed "one united people--a people descended from the same ancestors, the same language, professing the same religion". Madison himself addresses a limitation of his conclusion that large constituencies will provide better representatives . He notes that if constituencies are too large, the representatives will be "too little acquainted with all their local circumstances and lesser interests". He says that this problem is partly solved by federalism . No matter how large the constituencies of federal representatives, local matters will be looked after by state and local officials with naturally smaller constituencies . </P> <P> The Anti-Federalists vigorously contested the notion that a republic of diverse interests could survive . The author Cato (another pseudonym, most likely that of George Clinton) summarized the Anti-Federalist position in the article Cato no . 3: </P> <P> Whoever seriously considers the immense extent of territory comprehended within the limits of the United States, with the variety of its climates, productions, and commerce, the difference of extent, and number of inhabitants in all; the dissimilitude of interest, morals, and policies, in almost every one, will receive it as an intuitive truth, that a consolidated republican form of government therein, can never form a perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to you and your posterity, for to these objects it must be directed: this unkindred legislature therefore, composed of interests opposite and dissimilar in their nature, will in its exercise, emphatically be, like a house divided against itself . </P>

Who argued that the latent causes of faction are thus sown in the nature of man