<Tr> <Th> Publication date </Th> <Td> 1888 </Td> </Tr> <P> "Invictus" is a short Victorian poem by the English poet William Ernest Henley (1849--1903). It was written in 1875 and published in 1888 in his first volume of poems, Book of Verses, in the section Life and Death (Echoes). </P> <P> Originally, the poem was published with no title . The second edition of Henley's Book of Verses added a dedication "To R.T.H.B."--a reference to Robert Thomas Hamilton Bruce (1846--1899), a successful Scottish flour merchant, baker, and literary patron . The 1900 edition of Henley's Poems, published after Bruce's death, altered the dedication to "I.M.R.T. Hamilton Bruce (1846--1899)" (I.M. standing for "in memoriam"). </P> <P> The poem was reprinted in nineteenth - century newspapers under a variety of titles, including "Myself", "Song of a Strong Soul", "My Soul", "Clear Grit", "Master of His Fate", "Captain of My Soul", "Urbs Fortitudinis", and "De Profundis". </P>

Morgan freeman i am the master of my fate