<P> Many medieval shoes were made using the turnshoe method of construction, in which the upper was turned flesh side out, and was lasted onto the sole and joined to the edge by a seam . The shoe was then turned inside - out so that the grain was outside . Some shoes were developed with toggled flaps or drawstrings to tighten the leather around the foot for a better fit . Surviving medieval turnshoes often fit the foot closely, with the right and left shoe being mirror images . Around 1500, the turnshoe method was largely replaced by the welted rand method (where the uppers are sewn to a much stiffer sole and the shoe cannot be turned inside - out). The turnshoe method is still used for some dance and specialty shoes . </P> <P> By the 15th Century, pattens became popular by both men and women in Europe . These are commonly seen as the predecessor of the modern high - heeled shoe, while the poor and lower classes in Europe, as well as slaves in the New World, were barefoot . In the 15th century, the Crakow was fashionable in Europe . This style of shoe is named because it is thought to have originated in Kraków, the capitol of Poland . The style is characterized by the point of the shoe, known as the "polaine", which often was supported by a whalebone tied to the knee to prevent the point getting in the way while walking . Also during the 15th century, chopines were created in Turkey, and were usually 7 - 8 inches (17.7 - 20.3 cm) high . These shoes became popular in Venice and throughout Europe, as a status symbol revealing wealth and social standing . During the 16th century, royalty started wearing high - heeled shoes to make them look taller or larger than life, such as Catherine de Medici or Mary I of England . By 1580, even men wore them, and a person with authority or wealth was often referred to as, "well - heeled". </P> <P> Eventually the modern shoe, with a sewn - on sole, was devised . Since the 17th century, most leather shoes have used a sewn - on sole . This remains the standard for finer - quality dress shoes today . Until around 1800, welted rand shoes were commonly made without differentiation for the left or right foot . Such shoes are now referred to as "straights". Only gradually did the modern foot - specific shoe become standard . </P> <P> Shoemaking became more commercialized in the mid-18th century, as it expanded as a cottage industry . Large warehouses began to stock footwear, made by many small manufacturers from the area . </P>

When did left and right shoes come about
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