<P> Packet switching is a method of grouping data transmitted over a digital network into packets which are composed of a header and a payload . Data in the header is used by networking hardware to direct the packet to its destination where the payload is extracted and used by application software . Packet switching is the primary basis for data communications in computer networks worldwide . </P> <P> In the early 1960s, American computer scientist Paul Baran developed the concept Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching with the goal to provide a fault - tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages as part of a research program at the RAND Corporation, funded by the US Department of Defense . This concept contrasted and contradicted then - established principles of pre-allocation of network bandwidth, largely fortified by the development of telecommunications in the Bell System . The new concept found little resonance among network implementers until the independent work of British computer scientist Donald Davies at the National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom) in 1965 . Davies is credited with coining the modern name packet switching and inspiring numerous packet switching networks in the decade following, including the incorporation of the concept in the early ARPANET in the United States . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Multiplexing </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Analog modulation </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> AM </Li> <Li> FM </Li> <Li> PM </Li> <Li> QAM </Li> <Li> SM </Li> <Li> SSB </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Circuit mode (constant bandwidth) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> TDM </Li> <Li> FDM / WDM </Li> <Li> SDMA </Li> <Li> Polarization </Li> <Li> Spatial </Li> <Li> OAM </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Statistical multiplexing (variable bandwidth) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Packet switching </Li> <Li> Dynamic TDMA </Li> <Li> FHSS </Li> <Li> DSSS </Li> <Li> OFDMA </Li> <Li> SC - FDM </Li> <Li> MC - SS </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related topics </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Channel access methods </Li> <Li> Media access control </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table>

Who is credited with the initial research on packet switching theory