<P> Within this context, Albert Bandura studied learning processes that occurred in interpersonal contexts and were not adequately explained by theories of operant conditioning or existing models of social learning . Specifically, Bandura argued that "the weaknesses of learning approaches that discount the influence of social variables are nowhere more clearly revealed than in their treatment of the acquisition of novel responses ." Skinner's explanation of the acquisition of new responses relied on the process of successive approximation, which required multiple trials, reinforcement for components of behavior, and gradual change . Rotter's theory proposed that the likelihood of a behavior occurring was a function of the subjective expectancy and value of the reinforcement . This model assumed a hierarchy of existing responses and thus did not (according to Bandura) account for a response that had not yet been learned . Bandura began to conduct studies of the rapid acquisition of novel behaviors via social observation, the most famous of which were the Bobo doll experiments . </P> <P> Social learning theory integrated behavioral and cognitive theories of learning in order to provide a comprehensive model that could account for the wide range of learning experiences that occur in the real world . As initially outlined by Bandura and Walters in 1963 and further detailed in 1977, key tenets of social learning theory are as follows: </P> <Ol> <Li> Learning is not purely behavioral; rather, it is a cognitive process that takes place in a social context . </Li> <Li> Learning can occur by observing a behavior and by observing the consequences of the behavior (vicarious reinforcement). </Li> <Li> Learning involves observation, extraction of information from those observations, and making decisions about the performance of the behavior (observational learning or modeling). Thus, learning can occur without an observable change in behavior . </Li> <Li> Reinforcement plays a role in learning but is not entirely responsible for learning . </Li> <Li> The learner is not a passive recipient of information . Cognition, environment, and behavior all mutually influence each other (reciprocal determinism). </Li> </Ol> <Li> Learning is not purely behavioral; rather, it is a cognitive process that takes place in a social context . </Li>

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