<P> In the 1970s, Teachers College's departments ran joint Ph. D programs with the University in the disciplines of psychology, history, and anthropology and all Teachers College diplomas were conferred by Columbia University . Teachers College was soon established as the University's Faculty of Education and Department of Education . </P> <P> During the late 20th century, the University underwent significant academic, structural, and administrative changes as it developed into a major research university . For much of the 19th century, the University consisted of decentralized and separate faculties specializing in Political Science, Philosophy, and Pure Science . In 1979, these faculties were merged into the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences . In 1991, the faculties of Columbia College, the School of General Studies, the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, the School of the Arts, and the School of Professional Studies were merged into the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, leading to the academic integration and centralized governance of these schools . In 2010, the School of International and Public Affairs, which was previously a part of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, became an independent faculty . </P> <P> According to New York, Columbia University is the second largest landowner in New York City, after the Catholic Church . </P> <P> The majority of Columbia's graduate and undergraduate studies are conducted in Morningside Heights on Seth Low's late - 19th century vision of a university campus where all disciplines could be taught at one location . The campus was designed along Beaux - Arts principles by architects McKim, Mead, and White . Columbia's main campus occupies more than six city blocks, or 32 acres (13 ha), in Morningside Heights, New York City, a neighborhood that contains a number of academic institutions . The university owns over 7,800 apartments in Morningside Heights, housing faculty, graduate students, and staff . Almost two dozen undergraduate dormitories (purpose - built or converted) are located on campus or in Morningside Heights . Columbia University has an extensive underground tunnel system more than a century old, with the oldest portions predating the present campus . Some of these remain accessible to the public, while others have been cordoned off . </P>

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