<P> The United Arab Emirates are a contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, listed as having 29th highest carbon dioxide emissions . This was caused by the boom in oil - industry in the early 21st century which contributed to a great increase in population and its consumption. The United Arab Emirate's fossil fuels have always been the main factor in energy security and economic activity . </P> <P> From 1990 until 2008, carbon dioxide emissions increased from 60.8 to 146.9 million tons . From 2009 to 2010, the energy demand in Dubai continued to increase over 10% . In order to satisfy the rising energy demand, the Emirates responded in 2011 with a new mixture of energy supplies by including coal as the most important power source as well as natural gas, nuclear power and a low input of solar energy . In 2015, UAE's energy sector polluted about 50% of the total carbon dioxide emissions . </P> <P> Presently, the energy demand is mostly supplied by 28% oil and 71% gas production . The remaining 1 percent is contributed by renewables, which are in their initial stage . Abu Dhabi contains 95 percent of the UAE's oil and 92 percent of their natural gas reserves . The main energy consumption is caused by socio - cultural factors of the recently wealthy society, the high energy demand of desalination plants and generally industrial and tourism energy consumption . </P> <P> By 2020, the UAE target increasing sustainable energy by 20 percent . In 2030, a new energy mix is scheduled of 5.6 GW of nuclear energy, which is already under construction, and 2.5 GW of renewable energy . </P>

Dubai is challenged by all of the following enviromental factors except