<Tr> <Td> 1792 </Td> <Td> Kyūshū, Japan </Td> <Td> 1792 Unzen earthquake and tsunami </Td> <Td> Volcanic processes </Td> <Td> Tsunamis were the main cause of death for Japan's worst - ever volcanic disaster, an eruption of Mount Unzen, Hizen Province (Nagasaki Prefecture), Kyushu, Japan . Toward the end of 1791 a series of earthquakes on the west flank of Mount Unzen moved towards Fugen - dake, one of Mount Unzen's peaks . In February 1792, Fugen - dake erupted, triggering a lava flow which continued for two months . The earthquakes continued, shifting nearer to the city of Shimabara . On the night of 21 May, two large earthquakes were followed by a collapse of the east flank of Mount Unzen's Mayuyama dome, causing an avalanche which swept through Shimabara and into Ariake Bay, triggering a tsunami . It is not known whether the collapse was a result of an eruption or a result of the earthquakes . The tsunami struck Higo Province (Kumamoto Prefecture) across Ariake Bay before bouncing back . Out of an estimated 15,000 fatalities, around 5,000 are thought to have been killed by the landslide, around 5,000 by the tsunami in Higo Province, and 5,000 by the tsunami returning to strike Shimabara . The waves reached a height of 330 ft (100 m), making this a small megatsunami . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1797 </Td> <Td> Sumatra, Indonesia </Td> <Td> 1797 Sumatra earthquake </Td> <Td> Earthquake </Td> <Td> On 10 February 1797, a massive earthquake estimated to have been approximately 8.4 on the moment magnitude scale, struck Sumatra in Indonesia . Many fatalities resulted although it is not known how many . </Td> </Tr> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Th> Location </Th> <Th> Main Article </Th> <Th> Primary Cause </Th> <Th> Description </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1806 </Td> <Td> Goldau, Switzerland </Td> <Td> 1806 Goldau landslide </Td> <Td> Landslide </Td> <Td> A landslide of 120,000,000 tonnes of rock, much of which displaced water from Lake Lauerz causing a tsunami that flooded lake side villages and resulted in the confirmed death of 457 people . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1819 </Td> <Td> Gujarat, India </Td> <Td> 1819 Rann of Kutch earthquake </Td> <Td> Earthquake </Td> <Td> A local tsunami flooded the Great Rann of Kutch </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1833 </Td> <Td> Sumatra, Indonesia </Td> <Td> 1833 Sumatra earthquake </Td> <Td> Earthquake </Td> <Td> On 25 November 1833, a massive earthquake estimated to have been between 8.8--9.2 on the moment magnitude scale, struck Sumatra in Indonesia . The coast of Sumatra near the quake's epicentre was hardest hit by the resulting tsunami . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1854 </Td> <Td> Nankai, Tōkai, and Kyushu, Japan </Td> <Td> Ansei great earthquakes </Td> <Td> Earthquake </Td> <Td> The Ansei quake which hit the south coast of Japan, was actually a set of three earthquakes, two magnitude 8.4 quakes and a 7.4 quake over the course of several days . <Ul> <Li> An 8.4 magnitude earthquake on November 4, 1854, near Mikawa Province (Aichi Prefecture) and Tōtōmi Province (Shizuoka Prefecture) produced tsunami heights of 4--6 m (with localized run - ups up to 16.5 m, thought to be due to harbor shape). </Li> <Li> Another 8.4 magnitude earthquake on November 5 in Kii Province (Wakayama Prefecture). The resulting tsunami reached as high as 8.4 m . The tsunami washed 15,000 homes away . The number of homes destroyed directly by the earthquake was 2,598; 1,443 people died . </Li> <Li> A magnitude 7.4 earthquake on Nov 7, 1854 in Iyo Province (Ehime Prefecture) and Bungo Province (Ōita Prefecture). </Li> </Ul> <P> The total result was 80,000--100,000 deaths . </P> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1855 </Td> <Td> Edo, Japan </Td> <Td> 1855 Ansei Edo earthquake </Td> <Td> Earthquake </Td> <Td> The following year, the 1855 Great Ansei Edo earthquake hit the Edo (Tokyo) region of Japan, killing 4,500 to 10,000 people . Popular stories of the time blamed the quakes and tsunamis on giant catfish called Namazu thrashing about . The Japanese era name was changed to bring good luck after four disastrous quakes / tsunamis in two years . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1867 </Td> <Td> Virgin Islands </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Earthquake </Td> <Td> On November 18, 1867, a large doublet earthquake occurred in the Virgin Islands archipelago . The shock probably occurred between the islands of Saint Thomas and Saint Croix . The highest runup of 7.6 m (25 ft) was observed at Frederiksted on Saint Croix, and came within minutes of the shocks . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1867 </Td> <Td> Keelung, Taiwan </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Earthquake </Td> <Td> Dec 18, 1867, a large quake hit Keelung, Taiwan, causing crustal deformation of the mountains and opening of fissures . The water drained out of Keelung harbor so that the sea bed was revealed, then suddenly returned in a huge wave . Boats were washed into the city center and there was much damage . In many locations, the ground and the mountains split open and water poured from the fissures . Hundreds of deaths resulted . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1868 </Td> <Td> Hawaiian Islands </Td> <Td> 1868 Hawaii earthquake </Td> <Td> Earthquake </Td> <Td> On 2 April 1868, a local earthquake of estimated magnitude 7.5 - 8.0 rocked the southeast coast of the Big Island of Hawaii . It triggered a landslide on the slopes of the Mauna Loa volcano, five miles (8 km) north of Pahala, killing 31 people . A tsunami then claimed 46 additional lives . The villages of Punaluu, k Ninole, Kawaa, Honuapo, and Keauhou Landing were severely damaged and the village of Apua was destroyed . According to one account, the tsunami "rolled in over the tops of the coconut trees, probably 60 feet high...inland a distance of a quarter of a mile in some places, taking out to sea when it returned, houses, men, women, and almost everything movable ." This was reported in the 1988 edition of Walter C. Dudley's book "Tsunami!" (ISBN 0 - 8248 - 1125 - 9). </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1868 </Td> <Td> Arica, Peru (now part of Chile) </Td> <Td> 1868 Arica earthquake </Td> <Td> Earthquake </Td> <Td> On August 16, 1868, an earthquake with a magnitude estimated at 8.5 struck the oceanic trench currently known as the Peru--Chile Trench . A resulting tsunami struck the port of Arica, then part of Peru, killing an estimated 25,000 in Arica and 70,000 in all . Three military vessels anchored at Arica, the US warship USS Wateree and the storeship Fredonia, and the Peruvian warship America, were swept up by the tsunami . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1877 </Td> <Td> Iquique, Chile </Td> <Td> 1877 Iquique earthquake </Td> <Td> Earthquake </Td> <Td> On May 9, 1877, an earthquake with a magnitude estimated at 8.5 occurred off the coast of what is now Chile that caused a destructive tsunami that killed about 2541 people . This event followed the destructive earthquake and tsunami at Arica by just nine years . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1881 </Td> <Td> Andaman Islands, Nicobar Islands </Td> <Td> 1881 Nicobar Islands earthquake </Td> <Td> Earthquake </Td> <Td> The tsunami triggered by this earthquake was recorded all round the coast of the Bay of Bengal by tide gauges . This information has been used to estimate the rupture area and magnitude of the earthquake . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1883 </Td> <Td> Krakatoa, Sunda Strait, Indonesia </Td> <Td> 1883 eruption of Krakatoa </Td> <Td> Volcanic eruption </Td> <Td> The island volcano of Krakatoa in Indonesia exploded with devastating fury on August 26--27, 1883, blowing its underground magma chamber partly empty so that much overlying land and seabed collapsed into it . The collapse generated a series of large tsunami waves, some higher than 40 meters above sea level . Tsunami waves were observed throughout the Indian Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, and as far away as the American West Coast, and South America . On the facing coasts of Java and Sumatra the sea flood went many miles inland and caused such vast loss of life that one area was never resettled but reverted to the jungle and is now the Ujung Kulon nature reserve . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1896 </Td> <Td> Sanriku, Japan </Td> <Td> 1896 Sanriku earthquake </Td> <Td> Earthquake </Td> <Td> On 15 June 1896, at around 19: 36 local time, a large undersea earthquake off the Sanriku coast of northeastern Honshu, Japan, triggered tsunami waves which struck the coast about half an hour later . Although the earthquake itself is not thought to have resulted in any fatalities, the waves, which reached a height of 100 feet (30 m), killed approximately 27,000 people . In 2005, the same general area was hit by the 2005 Sanriku Japan earthquake, but with no major tsunami . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Th> Location </Th> <Th> Main Article </Th> <Th> Primary Cause </Th> <Th> Description </Th> </Tr>

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