<Li> Infrared vision is in many different unrelated species: Pit viper snakes (rattlesnakes), pythons, vampire bats, and wood - boring wasps and fire beetles . </Li> <Ul> <Li> Leaves have evolved multiple times - see Evolutionary history of plants . They have evolved not only in land plants, but also in various algae, like kelp . </Li> <Li> Prickles, thorns and spines are all modified plant tissues that have evolved to prevent or limit herbivory, these structures have evolved independently a number of times . </Li> <Li> Stimulant toxins: Plants which are only distantly related to each other, such as coffee and tea, produce caffeine to deter predators . </Li> <Li> The aerial rootlets found in ivy (Hedera) are similar to those of the climbing hydrangea (Hydrangea petiolaris) and some other vines . These rootlets are not derived from a common ancestor but have the same function of clinging to whatever support is available . </Li> <Li> Flowering plants (Delphinium, Aerangis, Tropaeolum and others) from different regions form tube - like spurs that contain nectar . This is why insects from one place sometimes can feed on plants from another place that have a structure like the flower, which is the traditional source of food for the animal . </Li> <Li> Some dicots (Anemone) and monocots (Trillium) in inhospitable environments are able to form underground organs such as corms, bulbs and rhizomes for reserving of nutrition and water until the conditions become better . </Li> <Li> Carnivorous plants: Nitrogen - deficient plants have in at least 7 distinct times become carnivorous, like: flypaper traps such as sundews and butterworts, spring traps - Venus fly trap, and pitcher traps in order to capture and digest insects to obtain scarce nitrogen . </Li> <Li> Pitcher plants: The pitcher trap evolved independently in three eudicot lineages and one monocot lineage . </Li> <Li> Similar - looking rosette succulents have arisen separately among plants in the families Asphodelaceae (formerly Liliaceae) and Crassulaceae . </Li> <Li> The orchids, the Birthwort family and Stylidiaceae have evolved independently the specific organ known as gynostemium, more popular as column . </Li> <Li> The Euphorbia of deserts in Africa and southern Asia, and the Cactaceae of the New World deserts have similar modifications (see picture below for one of many possible examples). </Li> <Li> Sunflower: some types of sunflower and Pericallis are due to convergent evolution . </Li> <Li> Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), a carbon fixation pathway that evolved in multiple plants as an adaptation to arid conditions . </Li> <Li> C4 photosynthesis is estimated to have evolved over 60 times within plants, via multiple different sequences of evolutionary events . C4 plants use a different metabolic pathway to capture carbon dioxide but also have differences in leaf anatomy and cell biology compared to most other plants . </Li> <Li> Trunk, a single woody stem came about in unrelated plants: paleozoic tree forms of club mosses, horsetails, and seed plants . </Li> <Li> The marine animals sea lily crinoid, looks like a terrestrial palm tree . </Li> <Li> Palm trees form are in unrelated plants: cycads (from Jurassic period) and older tree ferns . </Li> <Li> Flower petals came about independently in a number of different plant lineages . </Li> <Li> Bilateral flowers, with distinct up - down orientation, came about independently in a number of different plants like: violets, orchids and peas . </Li> <Li> United petals, petals that unite into a single bell shape came about independently in blueberries, Ericaceae and other plants . </Li> <Li> Hummingbird flowers are scentless tubular flowers that have independently came about in at least four plant families . They attract nectar - feeding birds like: hummingbirds, honey eaters, sunbirds . Remote Hawaii also has Hummingbird flowers . </Li> <Li> Carrion flower type flowers that smell like rotting meat have independently came about in: pawpaw (family Annonaceae), the giant Indonesian parasitic flower Rafflesia, and African milkweed (Stapelia gigantea). </Li> <Li> Underground fruit that develops underground, after the upper part is pollinated the flower stalk elongates, arches downward and pushes into the ground, this has independently came about in: peanut, legume, Florida's endangered burrowing four o'clock and Africa's Cucumis humifructus . </Li> <Li> Plant fruit the fleshy nutritious part of plants that animal dispense by eating independently came about in flowering plants and in some gymnosperms like: ginkgo and cycads . </Li> <Li> Water transport systems, like vascular plant systems, with water conducting vessels, independently came about in horsetails, club mosses, ferns, and gymnosperms . </Li> <Li> Wind pollination independently came about in Pine trees, grasses, and wind pollinated flower . </Li> <Li> Wind dispersal of seeds independently came about in dandelions, milkweed, cottonwood trees, and others tufted seeds like, impatiens sivarajanii, all adapted for wind dispersal . </Li> <Li> Hallucinogenic toxins independently came about in: peyotecactus, Ayahuasca vine, some fungi like psilocybin mushroom . </Li> <Li> Plant toxins independently came about in: Solauricine, Daphnin, Tinyatoxin, Ledol, Protoanemonin, Lotaustralin, Chaconine, Persin and more . </Li> <Li> Venus flytrap sea anemone is an Animalia and Venus flytrap plant . Both look and act the same . </Li> </Ul> <Li> Leaves have evolved multiple times - see Evolutionary history of plants . They have evolved not only in land plants, but also in various algae, like kelp . </Li> <Li> Prickles, thorns and spines are all modified plant tissues that have evolved to prevent or limit herbivory, these structures have evolved independently a number of times . </Li>

List five examples of family traits in man