<Li> Osteoclasts are very large multinucleate cells that are responsible for the breakdown of bones by the process of bone resorption . New bone is then formed by the osteoblasts . Bone is constantly remodelled by the resorption of osteoclasts and created by osteoblasts . Osteoclasts are large cells with multiple nuclei located on bone surfaces in what are called Howship's lacunae (or resorption pits). These lacunae are the result of surrounding bone tissue that has been reabsorbed . Because the osteoclasts are derived from a monocyte stem - cell lineage, they are equipped with phagocytic - like mechanisms similar to circulating macrophages . Osteoclasts mature and / or migrate to discrete bone surfaces . Upon arrival, active enzymes, such as tartrate resistant acid phosphatase, are secreted against the mineral substrate . The reabsorption of bone by osteoclasts also plays a role in calcium homeostasis . </Li> <P> Bones consist of living cells embedded in a mineralized organic matrix . This matrix consists of organic components, mainly Type I collagen--"organic" referring to materials produced as a result of the human body--and inorganic components, primarily hydroxyapatite and other salts of calcium and phosphate . Above 30% of the acellular part of bone consists of the organic components, and 70% of salts . The collagen fibers give bone its tensile strength, and the interspersed crystals of hydroxyapatite give bone its compressive strength . These effects are synergistic . </P> <P> The inorganic composition of bone (bone mineral) is primarily formed from salts of calcium and phosphate, the major salt being hydroxyapatite (Ca (PO) (OH)). The exact composition of the matrix may change over time and with nutrition, with the ratio of calcium to phosphate varying between 1.3 and 2.0 (per weight), and trace minerals such as magnesium, sodium, potassium and carbonate also being found . </P> <P> Type I collagen composes 90--95% of the organic matrix, with remainder of the matrix being a homogenous liquid called ground substance consisting of proteoglycans such as hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate, as well as non-collagenous proteins such as osteocalcin, osteopontin or bone sialoprotein . Collagen consists of strands of repeating units, which give bone tensile strength, and are arranged in an overlapping fashion that prevents shear stress . The function of ground substance is not fully known . Two types of bone can be identified microscopically according to the arrangement of collagen: woven and lamellar . </P>

Which of the following is the term for forming producing or origin of bone