<P> The Frank--Starling law of the heart (also known as Starling's law and the Frank--Starling mechanism) represents the relationship between stroke volume and end diastolic volume . The law states that the stroke volume of the heart increases in response to an increase in the volume of blood in the ventricles, before contraction (the end diastolic volume), when all other factors remain constant . As a larger volume of blood flows into the ventricle, the blood stretches the cardiac muscle fibers, leading to an increase in the force of contraction . The Frank - Starling mechanism allows the cardiac output to be synchronized with the venous return, arterial blood supply and humoral length, without depending upon external regulation to make alterations . The physiological importance of the mechanism lies mainly in maintaining left and right ventricular output equality . </P> <P> The Frank - Starling mechanism occurs as the result of the length - tension relationship observed in skeletal muscles . As a muscle fiber is stretched, active tension is created by altering the overlap of thick and thin filaments . The greatest isometric active tension is developed when a muscle is at its optimal length . In most relaxed skeletal muscle fibers, passive elastic properties maintain the muscle fibers length near optimal . In contrast, the normal point of cardiac muscle cells, in a resting individual, is lower than the optimal length for contraction . In the human heart, maximal force is generated with an initial sarcomere length of 2.2 micrometers, a length which is rarely exceeded in a normal heart . Initial lengths larger or smaller than this optimal value will decrease the force the muscle can achieve . For larger sarcomere lengths, this is the result of less overlap of the thin and thick filaments; for smaller sarcomere lengths, the cause is the decreased sensitivity for calcium by the myofilaments . An increase in filling of the ventricle increases the load experienced by each cardiac muscle fiber, stretching the fibers toward their optimal length . </P>

Which of the following is an appropriate definition of the frank-starling mechanism