<P> If a fielder uses the ball to remove the bails from either set of stumps whilst the batsmen are running between the wickets (or otherwise away from the crease during the course of play), then the batsman (striker or non-striker) is out . The batsman nearest the set of stumps from which the bails were removed, but not actually in safe territory, is given out . If the batsman has any part of his body or his bat (if he is holding it) on the ground behind the line of the crease, then he cannot be run out (except if both batsmen are on the same side of a crease) i.e. on the line is considered as out; frequently it is a close call whether or not a batsman gained his ground in this way before the bails were removed . (The difference between stumped and run out is that the wicket - keeper may stump a batsman who goes too far forward to play the ball (assuming he isn't attempting a run), whilst any fielder, including the keeper, may run out a batsman who goes too far for any other purpose, including for taking a run .) If the bails have already been removed, a fielder can remove a remaining stump by pulling it out or hit out the stump (ensure that the stump is fully out of ground) from the ground with the ball in their hands . A fielder can also "remake" the stumps and remove a stump / bail to effect a run out . </P> <P> If a batsman has a runner due to injury / illness there is the danger of being run out due to confusion between the three (or four in very rare circumstances) batsmens / runners on the field, all of whom must be safe in their crease when the wicket is broken and also at the correct end of the wicket . For example, a batsman who is batting with a runner should always be behind the crease at the striker's end whilst the ball is live . If he forgets that he has a runner a quick minded fielder is able to break the stumps at the striker's end to run him out--even if he finds himself safely behind the crease at the bowler's end . </P> <P> A special form of run out is when the batsman at the non-striker's end attempts to gain an advantage by leaving the crease before the next ball has been bowled (a common practice known as "backing up", but against the laws of cricket if the non-striker leaves his crease before the bowler has released the ball). The bowler may then dislodge the bails at his / her end without completing the run - up and dismiss the batsman . This form of run - out is called the Mankad (the dismissed batsman is said to have been "Mankaded"), in reference to Vinoo Mankad, the first bowler to dismiss a batsman in this manner in a Test match, running out Bill Brown in 1947 . With changes in the Laws of Cricket, a bowler cannot Mankad a batsman once they reach the point in their delivery where they would normally release the ball . It is considered good etiquette to warn a batsman that he is leaving his crease early, before attempting a Mankad run out on a subsequent ball . </P> <P> A run out cannot occur if no fielder has touched the ball . As such, if a batsman plays a straight drive which breaks the non-striker's stumps whilst he is outside his crease, he is not out . However, if a fielder (usually the bowler, in this case) touches the ball at all before it breaks the stumps at the non-striker's end, then it is a run out, even if the fielder never has any control of the ball . </P>

How many types a batsman can out in cricket