<P> Single - joint versions of these exercises are typically non-weight bearing, with the movement occurring at the hinge joints (elbow or knee). If there is any weight applied, it is often applied to the distal portion of the limb . Open chain exercises are postulated to be advantageous in rehabilitation settings because they can be easily manipulated to selectively target specific muscles, or specific heads of certain muscles, more effectively than their closed chain counterparts, at different phases of contraction . </P> <Ul> <Li> Biceps curl </Li> <Li> Lying triceps extensions </Li> <Li> Bench press </Li> </Ul> <Li> Lying triceps extensions </Li> <Ul> <Li> Leg extension </Li> <Li> Leg curl </Li> </Ul>

Who coined the terms open and closed chains