<P> The leading political figure at the beginning of the Restoration was Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon . It was the "skill and wisdom of Clarendon" which had "made the Restoration unconditional". </P> <P> Many Royalist exiles returned and were rewarded . Prince Rupert of the Rhine returned to the service of England, became a member of the privy council, and was provided with an annuity . George Goring, 1st Earl of Norwich, returned to be the Captain of the King's guard and received a pension . Marmaduke Langdale returned and was made "Baron Langdale". William Cavendish, Marquess of Newcastle, returned and was able to regain the greater part of his estates . He was invested in 1666 with the Order of the Garter (which had been bestowed upon him in 1650), and was advanced to a dukedom on 16 March 1665 . </P> <P> The Indemnity and Oblivion Act, which became law on 29 August 1660, pardoned all past treason against the crown, but specifically excluded those involved in the trial and execution of Charles I. Thirty - one of the 59 commissioners (judges) who had signed the death warrant in 1649 were living . The regicides were hunted down; some escaped but most were found and put on trial . Three escaped to the American colonies . New Haven, Connecticut, secretly harbored Edward Whalley, William Goffe and John Dixwell, and after American independence named streets after them to honour them as forefathers of the American Revolution . </P> <P> In the ensuing trials, twelve were condemned to death . Fifth Monarchist Thomas Harrison, the first person found guilty of regicide, who had been the seventeenth of the 59 commissioners to sign the death warrant, was the first regicide to be hanged, drawn and quartered because he was considered by the new government still to represent a real threat to the re-established order . In October 1660, at Charing Cross or Tyburn, London, ten were publicly hanged, drawn and quartered: Thomas Harrison, John Jones, Adrian Scroope, John Carew, Thomas Scot, and Gregory Clement, who had signed the king's death warrant; the preacher Hugh Peters; Francis Hacker and Daniel Axtell, who commanded the guards at the king's trial and execution; and John Cooke, the solicitor who directed the prosecution . The 10 judges who were on the panel but did not sign the death warrant were also convicted . </P>

Which of the following did the restoration restore to power in england