<Li> Nafs Lawammah (75: 2) which is "the conscience that directs man towards right or wrong" </Li> <Li> Nafs Mutmainnah (89: 27) which is "a self that reaches the ultimate peace" </Li> <P> The medieval Persian philosopher and physician Muhammad ibn Zakariya al - Razi believed in a close relationship between conscience or spiritual integrity and physical health; rather than being self - indulgent, man should pursue knowledge, use his intellect and apply justice in his life . The medieval Islamic philosopher Avicenna, whilst imprisoned in the castle of Fardajan near Hamadhan, wrote his famous isolated - but - awake "Floating Man" sensory deprivation thought experiment to explore the ideas of human self - awareness and the substantiality of the soul; his hypothesis being that it is through intelligence, particularly the active intellect, that God communicates truth to the human mind or conscience . According to the Islamic Sufis conscience allows Allah to guide people to the marifa, the peace or "light upon light" experienced where a Muslim's prayers lead to a melting away of the self in the inner knowledge of God; this foreshadowing the eternal Paradise depicted in the Qur'ān . </P> <P> Some medieval Christian scholastics such as Bonaventure made a distinction between conscience as a rational faculty of the mind (practical reason) and inner awareness, an intuitive "spark" to do good, called synderesis arising from a remnant appreciation of absolute good and when consciously denied (for example to perform an evil act), becoming a source of inner torment . Early modern theologians such as William Perkins and William Ames developed a syllogistic understanding of the conscience, where God's law made the first term, the act to be judged the second and the action of the conscience (as a rational faculty) produced the judgement . By debating test cases applying such understanding conscience was trained and refined (i.e. casuistry). </P>

Conscience is at the core or heart of every person