<P> African lions and spotted hyenas occupy a similar ecological niche and compete for prey and carrion in the areas where they coexist . A review of data across several studies indicates a dietary overlap of 58.6% . Lions typically ignore spotted hyenas unless the lions are on a kill or are being harassed by the hyenas, while the latter tend to visibly react to the presence of lions whether there is food or not . Lions seize the kills of spotted hyenas: in the Ngorongoro crater, it is common for lions to subsist largely on kills stolen from hyenas, causing the hyenas to increase their kill rate . On the other hand, in Northern Botswana's Chobe National Park, the situation is reversed: hyenas frequently challenge lions and steal their kills: they obtain food from 63% of all lion kills . When confronted on a kill by lions, spotted hyenas may either leave or wait patiently at a distance of 30--100 m (98--328 ft) until the lions have finished, but they are also bold enough to feed alongside lions, and even force the lions off a kill . The two species may attack one another even when there is no food involved for no apparent reason . Lion predation can account for up to 71% of hyena deaths in Etosha . Spotted hyenas have adapted by frequently mobbing lions that enter their territories . Experiments on captive spotted hyenas revealed that specimens with no prior experience with lions act indifferently to the sight of them, but will react fearfully to the scent . The size of male lions allows them occasionally to confront hyenas in otherwise evenly matched brawls and so to tip the balance in favour of the lions . </P> <P> Lions tend to dominate smaller felids such as African cheetahs and leopards where they co-occur, stealing their kills and killing their cubs and even adults when given the chance . The cheetah in particular has a 50% chance of losing its kill to lions or other predators . Lions are major killers of cheetah cubs, accounting for up to 78.2% of predator - killed juveniles in one study . Cheetahs avoid their competitors using different temporal (time) and spatial (habitat) niches . Leopards are able to take refuge in trees; however, lionesses will occasionally be successful in climbing to retrieve leopard kills . Similarly, lions dominate African wild dogs, not only taking their kills but also preying on young and (rarely) adult dogs . Population densities of wild dogs are low in areas where lions are more abundant . However, there are a few reported cases of old and wounded lions falling prey to wild dogs . African lions may also conflict with Nile crocodiles . Depending on the size of the crocodile and the lion, either can lose kills or carrion to the other . Lions have been known to kill crocodiles venturing onto land, while the reverse is true for lions entering waterways, as evidenced by the occasional lion claw found in crocodile stomachs . </P> <P> As for the Indian lion, sympatric predators include the Indian leopard, mugger crocodile, Golden jackal and striped hyena . </P> <P> While lions do not usually hunt people, some (usually males) seem to seek out human prey; one well - publicised case includes the Tsavo maneaters, where 28 officially recorded railway workers building the Kenya - Uganda Railway were taken by lions over nine months during the construction of a bridge over the Tsavo River in Kenya in 1898 . The hunter who killed the lions wrote a book detailing the animals' predatory behaviour . The lions were larger than normal, lacked manes, and one seemed to suffer from tooth decay . The infirmity theory, including tooth decay, is not favoured by all researchers; an analysis of teeth and jaws of man - eating lions in museum collections suggests that while tooth decay may explain some incidents, prey depletion in human - dominated areas is a more likely cause of lion predation on humans . </P>

Which of the following animals does not live in africa