<P> A typical person will lose minimally two to maximally four liters of water per day under ordinary conditions, and more in hot, dry, or cold weather . Four to six liters of water or other liquids are generally required each day in the wilderness to avoid dehydration and to keep the body functioning properly . The U.S. Army survival manual does not recommend drinking water only when thirsty, as this leads to underhydrating . Instead, water should be drunk at regular intervals . Other groups recommend rationing water through "water discipline". </P> <P> A lack of water causes dehydration, which may result in lethargy, headaches, dizziness, confusion, and eventually death . Even mild dehydration reduces endurance and impairs concentration, which is dangerous in a survival situation where clear thinking is essential . Dark yellow or brown urine is a diagnostic indicator of dehydration . To avoid dehydration, a high priority is typically assigned to locating a supply of drinking water and making provision to render that water as safe as possible . </P> <P> Recent thinking is that boiling or commercial filters are significantly safer than use of chemicals, with the exception of chlorine dioxide . </P> <P> Culinary root tubers, fruit, edible mushrooms, edible nuts, edible beans, edible cereals or edible leaves, edible moss, edible cacti and algae can be gathered and if needed, prepared (mostly by boiling). With the exception of leaves, these foods are relatively high in calories, providing some energy to the body . Plants are some of the easiest food sources to find in the jungle, forest or desert because they are stationary and can thus be had without exerting much effort . Skills and equipment (such as bows, snares and nets) are necessary to gather animal food in the wild include animal trapping, hunting, and fishing . </P>

Survival skills in disaster management project of class-10