<P> There are several ADC architectures . Due to the complexity and the need for precisely matched components, all but the most specialized ADCs are implemented as integrated circuits (ICs). </P> <P> A digital - to - analog converter (DAC) performs the reverse function; it converts a digital signal into an analog signal . </P> <P> The conversion involves quantization of the input, so it necessarily introduces a small amount of error . Furthermore, instead of continuously performing the conversion, an ADC does the conversion periodically, sampling the input . The result is a sequence of digital values that have been converted from a continuous - time and continuous - amplitude analog signal to a discrete - time and discrete - amplitude digital signal . </P> <P> An ADC is defined by its bandwidth and its signal - to - noise ratio . The bandwidth of an ADC is characterized primarily by its sampling rate . The dynamic range of an ADC is influenced by many factors, including the resolution, linearity and accuracy (how well the quantization levels match the true analog signal), aliasing and jitter . The dynamic range of an ADC is often summarized in terms of its effective number of bits (ENOB), the number of bits of each measure it returns that are on average not noise . An ideal ADC has an ENOB equal to its resolution . ADCs are chosen to match the bandwidth and required signal - to - noise ratio of the signal to be quantized . If an ADC operates at a sampling rate greater than twice the bandwidth of the signal, then perfect reconstruction is possible given an ideal ADC and neglecting quantization error . The presence of quantization error limits the dynamic range of even an ideal ADC . However, if the dynamic range of the ADC exceeds that of the input signal, its effects may be neglected resulting in an essentially perfect digital representation of the input signal . </P>

Process of converting analog signal to digital signal
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