<P> The first use of the term "anthropology" in English to refer to a natural science of humanity was apparently in Richard Harvey's 1593 Philadelphus, a defense of the legend of Brutus in British history, which, includes the passage: "Genealogy or issue which they had, Artes which they studied, Actes which they did . This part of History is named Anthropology ." </P> <P> Many scholars consider modern anthropology as an outgrowth of the Age of Enlightenment (1715--89), a period when Europeans attempted to study human behavior systematically, the known varieties of which had been increasing since the fifteenth century as a result of the first European colonization wave . The traditions of jurisprudence, history, philology, and sociology then evolved into something more closely resembling the modern views of these disciplines and informed the development of the social sciences, of which anthropology was a part . </P> <P> It took Immanuel Kant (1724 - 1804) 25 years to write one of the first major treatises on anthropology, Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View (1798), which treats it as a branch of philosophy . Kant is not generally considered to be a modern anthropologist, as he never left his region of Germany, nor did he study any cultures besides his own . He did, however, begin teaching an annual course in anthropology in 1772 . Developments in the systematic study of ancient civilizations through the disciplines of Classics and Egyptology informed both archaeology and eventually social anthropology, as did the study of East and South Asian languages and cultures . At the same time, the Romantic reaction to the Enlightenment produced thinkers, such as Johann Gottfried Herder and later Wilhelm Dilthey, whose work formed the basis for the "culture concept," which is central to the discipline . </P> <P> Institutionally, anthropology emerged from the development of natural history (expounded by authors such as Buffon) that occurred during the European colonization of the seventeenth, eighteenth, nineteenth and twentieth centuries . Programs of ethnographic study originated in this era as the study of the "human primitives" overseen by colonial administrations . </P>

When was anthropology established as an academic discipline