<P> Some ancient sightings of gods and spirits may have been conjured up by means of (concave) mirrors, camera obscura or unknown projectors . By the 16th century necromantic ceremonies and the conjuring of ghostly apparitions by charlatan "magicians" and "witches" seemed commonplace . The very first magic lantern shows seem to have continued this tradition with images of death, monsters and other scary figures . Around 1790 this was developed into multi-media ghost shows known as phantasmagoria that could feature mechanical slides, rear projection, mobile projectors, superimposition, dissolves, live actors, smoke (sometimes to project images upon), odors, sounds and even electric shocks . Similar spooky subject matter would form the basis of the horror film genre that emerged soon after the introduction of cinema . </P> <P> Moving images were possibly projected with the magic lantern since its invention; Christiaan Huygens' 1659 sketches for slides show a skeleton taking his skull off his neck and placing it back . Techniques to add motion to the painted glass slides were described since circa 1700 . These usually involved parts (for instance limbs) painted on one or more extra pieces of glass, moved by hand or small mechanisms across a stationary slide which showed the rest of the picture . While the first magic lantern images seem to have been intended to scare audiences, soon all sorts of subjects appeared and the lantern was not only used for storytelling but also for education . In the 19th century several new and popular magic lantern techniques were developed, including dissolving views and several types of mechanical slides that created dazzling abstract effects (chromatrope, etc .) or that showed for instance falling snow, or the planets and their moons revolving . </P> <P> In the 1890s, films were seen mostly via temporary storefront spaces and traveling exhibitors or as acts in vaudeville programs . A film could be under a minute long and would usually present a single scene, authentic or staged, of everyday life, a public event, a sporting event or slapstick . There was little to no cinematic technique, the film was usually black and white and it was without sound . </P> <P> The novelty of realistic moving photographs was enough for a motion picture industry to blossom before the end of the century, in countries around the world . "The Cinema" was to offer a cheaper, simpler way of providing entertainment to the masses . Filmmakers could record actors' performances, which then could be shown to audiences around the world . Travelogues would bring the sights of far - flung places, with movement, directly to spectators' hometowns . Movies would become the most popular visual art form of the late Victorian age . </P>

When was the first black and white film made
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