<P> The naval base occupies land which the United States leased from Cuba in 1903 "...for the time required for the purposes of coaling and naval stations ." The two governments later agreed that, "So long as the United States of America shall not abandon the said naval station of Guantanamo or the two Governments shall not agree to a modification of its present limits, the station shall continue to have the territorial area that it now has, with the limits that it has on the date of the signature of the present Treaty ." </P> <P> On July 25, 1898, during the Spanish--American War, Puerto Rico was invaded by the United States with a landing at Guánica . As an outcome of the war, the Jones--Shafroth Act granted all the inhabitants of Puerto Rico U.S. citizenship in 1917 . The U.S. granted Puerto Ricans the right to democratically elect their own governor in 1948 . In 1950, the Truman Administration allowed for a democratic referendum in Puerto Rico to determine whether Puerto Ricans desired to draft their own local constitution without affecting the unincorporated territory status with the U.S. A local constitution was approved by a Constitutional Convention on February 6, 1952, ratified by the U.S. Congress, approved by President Truman on July 3 of that year, and proclaimed by Gov. Muñoz Marín on July 25, 1952, the anniversary of the 1898 arrival of U.S. troops . Puerto Rico adopted the name of Estado Libre Asociado (literally translated as "Free Associated State"), officially translated into English as Commonwealth, for its body politic . </P> <P> In Guam, settlement by foreign ethnic groups was small at first . After World War II showed the strategic value of the island, construction of a huge military base began along with a large influx of people from other parts of the world . Guam today has a very mixed population of 164,000 . The indigenous Chamorros make up 37% of the population . The rest of the population consists mostly of white Americans and Filipinos, with smaller groups of Chinese, Japanese, Koreans, Micronesians, Vietnamese and Indians . Guam today is almost totally Americanized . The situation is somewhat similar to that in Hawaii, but attempts to change Guam's status as an' unincorporated' U.S. territory have yet to meet with success . </P> <P> The Philippine Revolution against Spain began in April 1896 . The Spanish--American War came to the Philippines on May 1, 1898, when the United States Navy's Asiatic Squadron, commanded by Commodore George Dewey, defeated the Spanish Pacific Squadron under Admiral Patricio Montojo y Pasarón during the Battle of Manila Bay . On June 12, Philippine revolutionaries declared independence and establishment of the First Philippine Republic . On December 10, 1898, the Treaty of Paris which ended the Spanish--American War was signed . The treaty transferred control of the Philippines from Spain to the United States . This agreement was not recognized by the Philippine revolutionaries, who declared war against the United States on June 2, 1899 . The Philippine--American War ensued . In 1901, Emilio Aguinaldo, president of the Malolos Republic, was captured and pledged his allegiance to the American government . The U.S. unilaterally declared an end to the conflict in 1902 . Scattered fighting continued, however, until 1913 . </P>

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