<P> Lewis Paul patented the roller spinning frame and the flyer - and - bobbin system for drawing wool to a more even thickness . The technology was developed with the help of John Wyatt of Birmingham . Paul and Wyatt opened a mill in Birmingham which used their new rolling machine powered by a donkey . In 1743 a factory opened in Northampton with 50 spindles on each of five of Paul and Wyatt's machines . This operated until about 1764 . A similar mill was built by Daniel Bourn in Leominster, but this burnt down . Both Lewis Paul and Daniel Bourn patented carding machines in 1748 . Based on two sets of rollers that travelled at different speeds, it was later used in the first cotton spinning mill . Lewis's invention was later developed and improved by Richard Arkwright in his water frame and Samuel Crompton in his spinning mule . </P> <P> In 1764 in the village of Stanhill, Lancashire, James Hargreaves invented the spinning jenny, which he patented in 1770 . It was the first practical spinning frame with multiple spindles . The jenny worked in a similar manner to the spinning wheel, by first clamping down on the fibres, then by drawing them out, followed by twisting . It was a simple, wooden framed machine that only cost about £ 6 for a 40 - spindle model in 1792, and was used mainly by home spinners . The jenny produced a lightly twisted yarn only suitable for weft, not warp . </P> <P> The spinning frame or water frame was developed by Richard Arkwright who, along with two partners, patented it in 1769 . The design was partly based on a spinning machine built for Thomas High by clockmaker John Kay, who was hired by Arkwright . For each spindle, the water frame used a series of four pairs of rollers, each operating at a successively higher rotating speed, to draw out the fibre, which was then twisted by the spindle . The roller spacing was slightly longer than the fibre length . Too close a spacing caused the fibres to break while too distant a spacing caused uneven thread . The top rollers were leather - covered and loading on the rollers was applied by a weight . The weights kept the twist from backing up before the rollers . The bottom rollers were wood and metal, with fluting along the length . The water frame was able to produce a hard, medium count thread suitable for warp, finally allowing 100% cotton cloth to be made in Britain . A horse powered the first factory to use the spinning frame . Arkwright and his partners used water power at a factory in Cromford, Derbyshire in 1771, giving the invention its name . </P> <P> Samuel Crompton's Spinning Mule was introduced in 1779 . Mule implies "hybrid" because it was a combination of the spinning jenny and the water frame, in which the spindles were placed on a carriage, which went through an operational sequence during which the rollers stopped while the carriage moved away from the drawing roller to finish drawing out the fibres as the spindles started rotating . Crompton's mule was able to produce finer thread than hand spinning and at a lower cost . Mule spun thread was of suitable strength to be used as warp, and finally allowed Britain to produce highly competitive yarn in large quantities . </P>

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