<P> In the brief for the U.S. courts written by accessories, the State of Ohio implies that they were unable to find any physicians willing to participate in development of protocols for executions by lethal injection, as this would be a violation of medical ethics, such as the Geneva Promise, and such physicians would be thrown out of the medical community and shunned for engaging in such deeds, even if they could not lawfully be stripped of their license . </P> <P> On December 8, 2009, Kenneth Biros became the first person executed using Ohio's new single - drug execution protocol . He was pronounced dead at 11: 47 am EST, 10 minutes after receiving the injection . On September 10, 2010, Washington became the second state to use the single - drug Ohio protocol with the execution of Cal Coburn Brown, who was proclaimed dead within two minutes after receiving the single - drug injection of sodium thiopental . Currently, eight states (Arizona, Georgia, Idaho, Missouri, Ohio, South Dakota, Texas, and Washington) have used the single - drug execution protocol . Five additional states (Arkansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, North Carolina, and Tennessee) have announced that they are switching to a single - drug protocol but, as of April 2014, have not executed anyone since switching protocols . </P> <P> After sodium thiopental began being used in executions, Hospira, the only American company that made the drug, stopped manufacturing it due to its use in executions . The subsequent nationwide shortage of sodium thiopental led states to seek other drugs to use in executions . Pentobarbital, often used for animal euthanasia, was used as part of a three - drug cocktail for the first time on December 16, 2010, when John David Duty was executed in Oklahoma . It was then used as the drug in a single - drug execution for the first time on March 10, 2011, when Johnnie Baston was executed in Ohio . </P> <P> Lethal injection has also been used in cases of euthanasia to facilitate voluntary death in patients with terminal or chronically painful conditions . Euthanasia can be accomplished either through oral, intravenous, or intramuscular administration of drugs . In individuals who are incapable of swallowing lethal doses of medication, an intravenous route is preferred . The following is a Dutch protocol for parenteral (intravenous) administration to obtain euthanasia, with the old protocol listed first and the new protocol listed second: </P>

When can an intravenous injection of potassium chloride be used to euthanize an animal
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