<P> Unlike Senators and Representatives who are constitutionally prohibited from holding any other "office of trust or profit" of the United States or of any state while holding their congressional seats, the Chief Justice and the other members of the federal judiciary are not barred from serving in other positions . Chief Justice John Jay served as a diplomat to negotiate the so - called Jay Treaty (also known as the Treaty of London of 1794), Justice Robert H. Jackson was appointed by President Truman to be the U.S. Prosecutor in the Nuremberg trials of leading Nazis, and Chief Justice Earl Warren chaired The President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy . As described above, the Chief Justice holds office in the Smithsonian Institution and the Library of Congress . </P> <P> Under 28 USC, when the Chief Justice is unable to discharge his functions, or that office is vacant, his duties are carried out by the most senior associate justice who is able to act, until the disability or vacancy ends, as chief justice . As of February 13, 2016, Anthony Kennedy is the most senior associate justice . </P> <P> Since the Supreme Court was established in 1789, the following 17 persons have served as Chief Justice: </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan="3"> Chief Justice </Th> <Th> Date confirmed (Vote) </Th> <Th> Tenure </Th> <Th> Length of tenure </Th> <Th> Appointed by </Th> <Th> Prior position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> John Jay (1745--1829) </Td> <Td> September 26, 1789 (Acclamation) </Td> <Td> 01! September 26, 1789--June 29, 1795 (Resigned) </Td> <Td> 14! 7003210200000000000 ♠ 5 years, 276 days </Td> <Td> George Washington </Td> <Td> Acting United States Secretary of State (1789--1790) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> John Rutledge (1739--1800) </Td> <Td> December 15, 1795 (10--14) </Td> <Td> 02! June 30, 1795--December 28, 1795 (Resigned) </Td> <Td> 17! 7002181000000000000 ♠ 181 days </Td> <Td> Chief Justice of the South Carolina Court of Common Pleas and Sessions (1791--1795) Associate Justice of the Supreme Court (1789--1791) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Oliver Ellsworth (1745--1807) </Td> <Td> March 4, 1796 (21--1) </Td> <Td> 03! March 8, 1796--December 15, 1800 (Resigned) </Td> <Td> 16! 7003174200000000000 ♠ 4 years, 282 days </Td> <Td> United States Senator from Connecticut (1789--1796) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> John Marshall (1755--1835) </Td> <Td> January 27, 1801 (Acclamation) </Td> <Td> 04! February 4, 1801--July 6, 1835 (Died) </Td> <Td> 01! 7004125700000000000 ♠ 34 years, 152 days </Td> <Td> John Adams </Td> <Td> 4th United States Secretary of State (1800--1801) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Roger B. Taney (1777--1864) </Td> <Td> March 15, 1836 (29--15) </Td> <Td> 05! March 28, 1836--October 12, 1864 (Died) </Td> <Td> 02! 7004104250000000000 ♠ 28 years, 198 days </Td> <Td> Andrew Jackson </Td> <Td> 12th United States Secretary of the Treasury (1833--1834) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Salmon P. Chase (1808--1873) </Td> <Td> December 6, 1864 (Acclamation) </Td> <Td> 06! December 15, 1864--May 7, 1873 (Died) </Td> <Td> 12! 7003307400000000000 ♠ 8 years, 152 days </Td> <Td> Abraham Lincoln </Td> <Td> 25th United States Secretary of the Treasury (1861--1864) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Morrison Waite (1816--1888) </Td> <Td> January 21, 1874 (63--0) </Td> <Td> 07! March 4, 1874--March 23, 1888 (Died) </Td> <Td> 07! 7003513300000000000 ♠ 14 years, 19 days </Td> <Td> Ulysses S. Grant </Td> <Td> Ohio State Senator (1849--1850) Presiding officer, Ohio constitutional convention (1873) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Melville Fuller (1833--1910) </Td> <Td> July 20, 1888 (41--20) </Td> <Td> 08! October 8, 1888--July 4, 1910 (Died) </Td> <Td> 03! 7003793800000000000 ♠ 21 years, 269 days </Td> <Td> Grover Cleveland </Td> <Td> President, Illinois State Bar Association (1886) Illinois State Representative (1863--1865) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Edward Douglass White (1845--1921) </Td> <Td> December 12, 1910 (Acclamation) </Td> <Td> 09! December 19, 1910--May 19, 1921 (Died) </Td> <Td> 10! 7003380400000000000 ♠ 10 years, 151 days </Td> <Td> William Howard Taft </Td> <Td> Associate Justice of the Supreme Court (1894--1910) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> William Howard Taft (1857--1930) </Td> <Td> June 30, 1921 (Acclamation) </Td> <Td> 10! July 11, 1921--February 3, 1930 (Retired) </Td> <Td> 11! 7003312900000000000 ♠ 8 years, 207 days </Td> <Td> Warren G. Harding </Td> <Td> 27th President of the United States (1909--1913) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Charles Evans Hughes (1862--1948) </Td> <Td> February 13, 1930 (52--26) </Td> <Td> 11! February 24, 1930--June 30, 1941 (Retired) </Td> <Td> 09! 7003414400000000000 ♠ 11 years, 126 days </Td> <Td> Herbert Hoover </Td> <Td> 44th United States Secretary of State (1921--1925) Associate Justice of the Supreme Court (1910--1916) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Harlan F. Stone (1872--1946) </Td> <Td> June 27, 1941 (Acclamation) </Td> <Td> 12! July 3, 1941--April 22, 1946 (Died) </Td> <Td> 15! 7003175400000000000 ♠ 4 years, 293 days </Td> <Td> Franklin D. Roosevelt </Td> <Td> Associate Justice of the Supreme Court (1925--1941) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Fred M. Vinson (1890--1953) </Td> <Td> June 20, 1946 (Acclamation) </Td> <Td> 13! June 24, 1946--September 8, 1953 (Died) </Td> <Td> 13! 7003263300000000000 ♠ 7 years, 76 days </Td> <Td> Harry S. Truman </Td> <Td> 53rd United States Secretary of the Treasury (1945--1946) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Earl Warren (1891--1974) </Td> <Td> March 1, 1954 (Acclamation) </Td> <Td> 14! October 5, 1953--June 23, 1969 (Retired) </Td> <Td> 06! 7003574000000000000 ♠ 15 years, 261 days </Td> <Td> Dwight D. Eisenhower </Td> <Td> 30th Governor of California (1943--1953) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Warren E. Burger (1907--1995) </Td> <Td> June 9, 1969 (74--3) </Td> <Td> 15! June 23, 1969--September 26, 1986 (Retired) </Td> <Td> 05! 7003630400000000000 ♠ 17 years, 95 days </Td> <Td> Richard Nixon </Td> <Td> Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (1956--1969) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> William Rehnquist (1924--2005) </Td> <Td> September 17, 1986 (65--33) </Td> <Td> 16! September 26, 1986--September 3, 2005 (Died) </Td> <Td> 04! 7003691700000000000 ♠ 18 years, 342 days </Td> <Td> Ronald Reagan </Td> <Td> Associate Justice of the Supreme Court (1972--1986) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> John Roberts (born 1955) </Td> <Td> September 29, 2005 (78--22) </Td> <Td> 17! September 29, 2005--Incumbent </Td> <Td> 08! 7003440600000000000 ♠ 12 years, 23 days </Td> <Td> George W. Bush </Td> <Td> Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (2003--2005) </Td> </Tr> </Table>

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