<P> In car design, ground effect is a series of aerodynamic effects which have been exploited to create downforce, particularly in racing cars . This has been the successor to the earlier dominant aerodynamic theory of streamlining . American racing IndyCars employ ground effects in their engineering and designs, similarly they are also employed in other racing series to some extent; however Formula One and many other racing series, primarily across Europe, employ regulations (or complete bans) to limit its effectiveness on safety grounds . </P> <P> In racing cars, a designer's aim is for increased downforce and grip to achieve higher cornering speeds . A substantial amount of downforce is available by understanding the ground to be part of the aerodynamic system in question, hence the name "ground effect". Starting in the mid-1960s,' wings' were routinely used in the design of race cars to increase downforce (this is not a type of ground effect). Designers shifted their efforts at understanding air flow around the perimeter, body skirts, and undersides of the vehicle to increase downforce with less drag than compared to using a wing . </P>

Why are race cars low to the ground
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