<P> In Evelyn Beatrice Hall's biography of Voltaire, she coined the following sentence to illustrate Voltaire's beliefs: "I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it ." Hall's quote is frequently cited to describe the principle of freedom of speech . In the 20th Century, Noam Chomsky states that: "If you believe in freedom of speech, you believe in freedom of speech for views you don't like . Dictators such as Stalin and Hitler, were in favor of freedom of speech for views they liked only . If you're in favor of freedom of speech, that means you're in favor of freedom of speech precisely for views you despise ." Lee Bollinger argues that "the free speech principle involves a special act of carving out one area of social interaction for extraordinary self - restraint, the purpose of which is to develop and demonstrate a social capacity to control feelings evoked by a host of social encounters ." Bollinger argues that tolerance is a desirable value, if not essential . However, critics argue that society should be concerned by those who directly deny or advocate, for example, genocide (see limitations above). </P> <P> The 1928 novel Lady Chatterley's Lover by D.H. Lawrence was banned for obscenity in a number of countries, including the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia and Canada . In the late 1950s and early 1960s it was the subject of landmark court rulings which saw the ban for obscenity overturned . Dominic Sandbrook of The Telegraph in the UK writes, "Now that public obscenity has become commonplace, it is hard to recapture the atmosphere of a society that saw fit to ban books such as Lady Chatterley's Lover because it was likely to "deprave and corrupt" its readers ." Fred Kaplan of The New York Times stated the overturning of the obscenity laws "set off an explosion of free speech" in the US . </P>

Who had the idea of freedom of speech