<P> The publication of his "Memphis Blues" sheet music in 1912 introduced the 12 - bar blues to the world (although Gunther Schuller argues that it is not really a blues, but "more like a cakewalk"). This composition, as well as his later "St. Louis Blues" and others, included the habanera rhythm, and would become jazz standards . Handy's music career began in the pre-jazz era and contributed to the codification of jazz through the publication of some of the first jazz sheet music . </P> <P> The blues form which is ubiquitous in jazz is characterized by specific chord progressions, of which the twelve - bar blues progression is the most common . Basic blues progressionions are based on the I, IV and V chords (often called the "one", "four" and "five" chords). An important part of the sound are the microtonal blue notes which, for expressive purposes, are sung or played flattened (thus "between" the notes on a piano), or gradually "bent" (minor third to major third) in relation to the pitch of the major scale . The blue notes opened up an entirely new approach to Western harmony, ultimately leading to a high level of harmonic complexity in jazz . </P> <P> The music of New Orleans had a profound effect on the creation of early jazz . The reason why jazz is mainly associated with New Orleans is due to the slaves being able to practice elements of their culture such as voodoo, and they were also allowed drums . Many early jazz performers played in venues throughout the city, such as the brothels and bars of the red - light district around Basin Street, known as "Storyville". In addition to dance bands, there were numerous marching bands who played at lavish funerals (later called jazz funerals), which were arranged by the African - American and European - American communities . The instruments used in marching bands and dance bands became the basic instruments of jazz: brass, reeds tuned in the European 12 - tone scale, and drums . Small bands which mixed self - taught and well - educated African - American musicians, many of whom came from the funeral procession tradition of New Orleans, played a seminal role in the development and dissemination of early jazz . These bands travelled throughout Black communities in the Deep South and, from around 1914 onwards, Afro - Creole and African - American musicians played in vaudeville shows which took jazz to western and northern US cities . </P> <P> In New Orleans, a white marching band leader named Papa Jack Laine integrated blacks and whites in his marching band . Laine was known as "the father of white jazz" because of the many top players who passed through his bands (including George Brunies, Sharkey Bonano and the future members of the Original Dixieland Jass Band). Laine was a good talent scout . During the early 1900s, jazz was mostly done in the African - American and mulatto communities, due to segregation laws . The red light district of Storyville, New Orleans was crucial in bringing jazz music to a wider audience via tourists who came to the port city . Many jazz musicians from the African - American communities were hired to perform live music in brothels and bars, including many early jazz pioneers such as Buddy Bolden and Jelly Roll Morton, in addition to those from New Orleans other communities such as Lorenzo Tio and Alcide Nunez . Louis Armstrong also got his start in Storyville and would later find success in Chicago (along with others from New Orleans) after the United States government shut down Storyville in 1917 . </P>

Who brought jazz reggae and soul influences to hip-hop