<P> This paper based on the study conducted by Srivastava, Sen et al. under the aegis of National Institute of Public Finance and Policy, and the discussion paper brought out by Department of Economic Affairs (Ministry of Finance) in 1997, aims to provide a comprehensive estimate of budget - based subsidies in India . In addition, recent trends have been included from the Economic Survey for the year 2004 - 05 . Attention is focused on bringing out the magnitude of the implicit subsidies, in addition to the explicit ones, to form an idea as to how heavy a draft do they constitute on the fiscal resources of the economy . </P> <P> The following table shows financial size of the social security subsidies in India funded by the Union government of India . The table does not cover other programs operated by various State governments, see Public welfare in India . The social security benefits / subsidies offered by various state governments is estimated to be above Rs. 600 billion (US $10 billion). Thus total subsidies become Rs. 3,600 billion (US $60 billion). </P> <Table> Social security budget 2013--14 <Tr> <Th> Region </Th> <Th> Social security program </Th> <Th> Billion Rupee </Th> <Th> Billion US $</Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pan India </Td> <Td> Total subsidy for FY - 2013 - 14 (approx) </Td> <Td> 3,600 </Td> <Td> 60.00 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pan India </Td> <Td> Food Security (PDS) (subsidy) </Td> <Td> 1,250 </Td> <Td> 20.83 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pan India </Td> <Td> Petroleum (subsidy) </Td> <Td> 970 </Td> <Td> 16.17 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rural </Td> <Td> Fertilizer (subsidy) </Td> <Td> 660 </Td> <Td> 11.00 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rural </Td> <Td> NREGA (non-subsidy) </Td> <Td> 330 </Td> <Td> 5.50 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rural </Td> <Td> Child development (ICDS) (non-subsidy) </Td> <Td> 177 </Td> <Td> 2.95 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rural </Td> <Td> Drinking water and sanitation (non-subsidy) </Td> <Td> 152 </Td> <Td> 2.53 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rural </Td> <Td> Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY) (non-subsidy) </Td> <Td> 151 </Td> <Td> 2.52 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rural </Td> <Td> Maternal and child malnutrition (non-subsidy) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0.05 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> States </Td> <Td> Various programmes of state govts (subsidy / non-subsidy) </Td> <Td> 600 </Td> <Td> 10.00 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Th> Region </Th> <Th> Social security program </Th> <Th> Billion Rupee </Th> <Th> Billion US $</Th> </Tr>

Government of india spends the largest amount of subsidies on
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