<P> Edward V and Gloucester arrived in London together . Plans continued for Edward's coronation, but the date was postponed from 4 May to 25 June . On 19 May 1483 Edward was lodged in the Tower of London, then the traditional residence of monarchs prior to coronation . On 16 June, he was joined by his younger brother Richard, Duke of York, who was previously in sanctuary . At this point the date of Edward's coronation was indefinitely postponed by their uncle, Gloucester . On Sunday 22 June, a sermon was preached at Saint Paul's Cross claiming Gloucester to be the only legitimate heir of the House of York . On 25 June, "a group of lords, knights and gentlemen" petitioned Richard to take the throne . Both princes were subsequently declared illegitimate by Parliament; this was confirmed in 1484 by an Act of Parliament known as Titulus Regius . The act stated that Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville's marriage was invalid because of Edward's pre-contract of marriage with Lady Eleanor Butler . Gloucester was crowned King Richard III of England on 3 July . The declaration of the boys' illegitimacy has been described by Rosemary Horrox as an ex post facto justification for Richard's accession . </P> <P> Dominic Mancini, an Italian friar who visited England in the 1480s and who was in London in the spring and summer of 1483, recorded that after Richard III seized the throne, Edward and his younger brother Richard were taken into the "inner apartments of the Tower" and then were seen less and less until they disappeared altogether . Mancini records that during this period Edward was regularly visited by a doctor, who reported that Edward, "like a victim prepared for sacrifice, sought remission of his sins by daily confession and penance, because he believed that death was facing him ." The Latin reference to "Argentinus medicus", was originally translated as "a Strasbourg doctor"; however, D.E. Rhodes suggests it may actually refer to "Doctor Argentine", whom Rhodes identifies as John Argentine, an English physician who would later serve as provost of King's College, Cambridge, and as doctor to Arthur, Prince of Wales, eldest son of King Henry VII of England (Henry Tudor). </P> <P> There are reports of the two princes being seen playing in the Tower grounds shortly after Richard joined his brother, but there are no recorded sightings of either of them after the summer of 1483 . An attempt to rescue them in late July failed . Their fate remains an enduring mystery . </P> <P> Many historians believe the princes were murdered, some suggesting that the act may have happened towards the end of summer 1483 . Maurice Keen argues that the rebellion against Richard in 1483 initially "aimed to rescue Edward V and his brother from the Tower before it was too late", but that, when the Duke of Buckingham became involved, it shifted to support of Henry Tudor because "Buckingham almost certainly knew that the princes in the Tower were dead ." Alison Weir proposes 3 September 1483 as a potential date; however, Weir's work has been criticised for "arriving at a conclusion that depends more on her own imagination than on the uncertain evidence she has so misleadingly presented ." </P>

When were the princes in the tower last seen
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