<Li> Common - knowledge questioning schemes that offer account verification and compromise: "What's your mother's maiden name?", "what was your first car model?", or "What was your first pet's name?", etc . </Li> <Li> Skimming information from bank or credit cards using compromised or hand - held card readers, and creating clone cards </Li> <Li> Using' contactless' credit card readers to acquire data wirelessly from RFID - enabled passports </Li> <Li> Shoulder - Surfing, involves an individual who discreetly watches or hears others providing valuable personal information . This is particularly done in crowded places because it is relatively easy to observe someone as they fill out forms, enter PIN numbers on ATM's or even type passwords on smartphones . </Li>

A means to obtain pii to commit fraud is what