<P> The commercial provisions of the treaty granted reciprocal most - favored - nation status and were maintained despite the dissolution of Gran Colombia in 1830 . The treaty contained a clause that stated it would be in force for 12 years after ratification by both parties; the treaty therefore expired in 1837 . </P> <P> The notion of an international union in the New World was first put forward by the Venezuelan Liberator Simón Bolívar who, at the 1826 Congress of Panama (still being part of Gran Colombia), proposed a league of all American republics with a common military, a mutual defense pact and a supranational parliamentary assembly . Bolívar's dream of Latin American unity was meant to unify Hispanic American nations against external powers, including the United States . The meeting was attended by representatives of Gran Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, the United Provinces of Central America, and Mexico but the grandly titled "Treaty of Union, League, and Perpetual Confederation" was ultimately ratified only by Gran Colombia . The United States' delegates to the Congress were delayed by internal politics in the United States . Though delegates were eventually dispatched by President John Quincy Adams, one (Richard Clough Anderson) died en route to Panama, and the other (John Sergeant) arrived after the Congress had concluded . Thus Great Britain, which attended with only observer status, managed to negotiate many trade deals with Latin American countries . Bolívar's dream soon foundered, with civil war in Gran Colombia, the disintegration of Central America and the emergence of national, rather than New World, outlooks in the newly independent American republics . </P> <P> Texas, settled primarily by Americans, fought a successful war of independence against Mexico in 1836 . Mexico refused to recognize the independence and warned that annexation to the United States meant war . Annexation came in 1845; war came in 1846 . The American military was easily triumphant . The result was the American purchase of New Mexico, Arizona, California and adjacent areas . About 60,000 Mexicans remained in the new territories and became US citizens . In 1862, French forces under Napoleon III invaded and conquered Mexico, giving control to the puppet monarch Emperor Maximilian I. Washington denounced this as a violation of the Monroe Doctrine, but was unable to intervene because of the American Civil War . In 1865, the United States stationed a large combat army on the border to emphasize its demand that France leave . France did pull out and Mexican nationalists executed Maximilian . </P> <P> The Ostend Manifesto of 1854 was a proposal circulated by American diplomats that proposed the United States offer to purchase Cuba from Spain, while implying that the U.S. should declare war if Spain refused . Nothing came of it . Diplomatically, the US was content to see the island remain in Spanish hands so long as it did not pass to a stronger power such as Britain or France . </P>

Which generalization can be made about the rise of latin american nations