<P> The evidence linking vitamin C supplements with an increased rate of kidney stones is inconclusive . The excess dietary intake of vitamin C might increase the risk of calcium - oxalate stone formation; in practice, this is rarely encountered . The link between vitamin D intake and kidney stones is also tenuous . Excessive vitamin D supplementation may increase the risk of stone formation by increasing the intestinal absorption of calcium; correction of a deficiency does not . </P> <P> There are no conclusive data demonstrating a cause - and - effect relationship between alcoholic beverage consumption and kidney stones . However, some people have theorized that certain behaviors associated with frequent and binge drinking can lead to dehydration, which can, in turn, lead to the development of kidney stones . </P> <P> The American Urological Association has projected that global warming will lead to an increased incidence of kidney stones in the United States by expanding the "kidney stone belt" of the southern United States . </P> <P> In one study, people with lymphoproliferative / myeloproliferative disorders who were treated with chemotherapy developed symptomatic kidney stones 1.8% of the time . </P>

Where are the majority of urinary tract calculi located