<Li> Increasing speed at which aerobic metabolism is activated within muscles, allowing a greater portion of energy for intense exercise to be generated aerobically </Li> <Li> Improving the ability of muscles to use fats during exercise, preserving intramuscular glycogen </Li> <Li> Enhancing the speed at which muscles recover from high intensity exercise </Li> <Li> Neurobiological effects: improvements in brain structural connections and increased gray matter density, new neuron growth, improved cognitive function (cognitive control and various forms of memory), and improvement or maintenance of mental health </Li>

A condition during the exercise period when the person cannot get all the oxygen needed is called