<P> The final stages of Gondwanan assembly overlapped with the opening of the Iapetus Ocean between Laurentia and western Gondwana . During this interval, the Cambrian explosion occurred . Laurentia was docked against the western shores of a united Gondwana for a short period near the Precambrian / Cambrian boundary, forming the short - lived and still disputed supercontinent Pannotia . </P> <P> The Mozambique Ocean separated the Congo--Tanzania--Bangweulu Block of central Africa from Neoproterozoic India (India, the Antongil Block in far eastern Madagascar, the Seychelles, and the Napier and Rayner Complexes in East Antarctica). The Azania continent (much of central Madagascar, the Horn of Africa and parts of Yemen and Arabia) was an island in the Mozambique Ocean . </P> <P> The Australia / Mawson continent was still separated from India, eastern Africa, and Kalahari by c. 600 Ma when most of western Gondwana had already been amalgamated . By c. 550 Ma, India had reached its Gondwana position which initiated the Kuunga orogeny (also known as the Pinjarra orogeny). Meanwhile, on the other side of the forming Africa, Kalahari collided with Congo and Rio de la Plata which closed the Adamastor Ocean . c. 540--530 Ma the closure of the Mozambique Ocean brought India next to Australia--East Antarctica and both North and South China were located in proximity to Australia . </P> <P> Other blocks which helped to form parts of the Southern Cone of South America, including a piece transferred from Laurentia when the west edge of Gondwana scraped against southeast Laurentia in the Ordovician . This is the Cuyania or Precordillera terrane of the Famatinian orogeny in northwest Argentina which may have continued the line of the Appalachians southwards . </P>

Which of the following orogenies was not caused by the collision of gondwana and laurasia