<Tr> <Th> Years active </Th> <Td> 1969--2004 as nurse aide </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Children </Th> <Td> 2; one deceased </Td> </Tr> <P> Claudette Colvin (born September 5, 1939) is a pioneer of the Civil Rights Movement . On March 2, 1955, she was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a bus in segregated Montgomery, Alabama, nine months prior to Rosa Parks . </P> <P> Colvin was among the five plaintiffs originally included in the federal court case filed by civil rights attorney Fred Gray on February 1, 1956, as Browder v. Gayle, and she testified before the three - judge panel that heard the case in the United States District Court . On June 13, 1956, the judges determined that the state and local laws requiring bus segregation in Alabama were unconstitutional . The case went to the United States Supreme Court, which upheld their ruling on December 17, 1956 . Colvin was the last witness to testify . Three days later, the Supreme Court issued an order to Montgomery and the state of Alabama to end bus segregation, and the Montgomery Bus Boycott was called off . </P>

Who was the first black woman who refused to give up her seat