<P> The Continental Congress had no explicit legal authority to govern, but it assumed all the functions of a national government, such as appointing ambassadors, signing treaties, raising armies, appointing generals, obtaining loans from Europe, issuing paper money (called "Continentals"), and disbursing funds . The Congress had no authority to levy taxes and was required to request money, supplies, and troops from the states to support the war effort . Individual states frequently ignored these requests . </P> <P> Congress was moving towards declaring independence from the British Empire in 1776, but many delegates lacked the authority from their home governments to take such a drastic action . Advocates of independence moved to have reluctant colonial governments revise instructions to their delegations, or even replace those governments which would not authorize independence . On May 10, 1776, Congress passed a resolution recommending that any colony with a government that was not inclined toward independence should form one that was . On May 15, they adopted a more radical preamble to this resolution, drafted by John Adams, which advised throwing off oaths of allegiance and suppressing the authority of the Crown in any colonial government that still derived its authority from the Crown . That same day, the Virginia Convention instructed its delegation in Philadelphia to propose a resolution that called for a declaration of independence, the formation of foreign alliances, and a confederation of the states . The resolution of independence was delayed for several weeks, as advocates of independence consolidated support in their home governments . </P> <P> On June 7, 1776, Richard Henry Lee offered a resolution before the Congress declaring the colonies independent . He also urged Congress to resolve "to take the most effectual measures for forming foreign Alliances" and to prepare a plan of confederation for the newly independent states . Lee argued that independence was the only way to ensure a foreign alliance, since no European monarchs would deal with America if they remained Britain's colonies . American leaders had rejected the divine right of kings in the New World, but recognized the necessity of proving their credibility in the Old World . Congress formally adopted the resolution of independence, but only after creating three overlapping committees to draft the Declaration, a Model Treaty, and the Articles of Confederation . The Declaration announced the states' entry into the international system; the model treaty was designed to establish amity and commerce with other states; and the Articles of Confederation established "a firm league" among the thirteen free and independent states . These three things together constituted an international agreement to set up central institutions for conducting vital domestic and foreign affairs . </P> <P> Congress finally approved the resolution of independence on July 2, 1776 . They next turned their attention to a formal explanation of this decision, the United States Declaration of Independence which was approved on July 4 and published soon thereafter . </P>

Who did the second continental congress make supreme commander of the continental army