<Li> 2012--Gov. Andrew Cuomo and legislative leaders reached a deal to create a new state agency, the Justice Center for the Protection of People With Special Needs, to police abuse and neglect of more than one million New Yorkers with developmental disabilities, mental illnesses and other conditions that put them at risk . Lawmakers also agreed to expand the state's public disclosure law, requiring thousands of nonprofit groups that provide services to disabled and mentally ill people to make records of abuse and neglect public . The reforms were based on a report by Clarence J. Sundram, Special Advisor to the Governor on Vulnerable Persons, entitled "The Measure of a Society: Protection of Vulnerable Persons in Residential Facilities Against Abuse and Neglect ." Some disability activists supported this reform, but others disapproved because they thought investigations should be referred to outside police agencies, not the state . An independent nonprofit group is also being set up to lobby for policy changes for people with disabilities . The group will get powers to conduct its own investigations after complaints and to review documents connected to particular allegations, and that authority is detailed in state law . It will also be given access to group homes and state institutions . </Li> <Li> 2012--It was announced that Netflix will offer closed captions on all TV and movie content from September 2014 as part of a settlement with a deaf viewer from Massachusetts (Lee Nettles) who sued the company . In 2012, a federal judge in Springfield, Massachusetts ruled in that lawsuit that Netflix and other online providers that serve the public are subject to the federal Americans with Disabilities Act, the first ruling in the country to recognize that Internet - based businesses are covered by the act . </Li> <Li> 2012 - On December 17, 2012, the United States of America filed a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Oregon under the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994, 42 U.S.C. § 14141 against the City of Portland, alleging improper use - of - force by the Portland Police Bureau against members of a protected class . The U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Oregon and the Civil Rights Division of the U.S. Department of Justice, sought injunctive and declaratory relief . Based on findings of more than a year of investigation, the complaint alleged Portland police officers engaged in a pattern or practice of unconstitutional use of force against individuals with actual or perceived mental illness . Specifically, the DOJ claimed: (1) Portland police encounters with such individuals too frequently resulted in a higher level force than necessary; (2) Portland police employed Tasers more times than necessary on such individuals, or in circumstances where such force was not justified; and (3) Portland police used a higher degree of force than justified for low level offenses . The case based on this claim, United States v. City of Portland, is notable because of its finding persons with mental illness are primary recipients of police use - of - force . </Li> <Li> 2012--The Idaho Fish and Game Commission declared that a companion without a tag or permit is allowed to assist a disabled hunter . </Li>

When did the disability discrimination act come into effect