<Li> Self - confidence </Li> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <P> Suffering, or pain in a broad sense, may be an experience of unpleasantness and aversion associated with the perception of harm or threat of harm in an individual . Suffering is the basic element that makes up the negative valence of affective phenomena . The opposite of suffering is pleasure or happiness . </P>

Who is the author or source of illness suffering and death in the world