<Li> West Francia or the West Frankish Kingdom: Charles the Bald, King of the West Franks . </Li> <Li> Middle Francia or the Middle Frankish Kingdom: Lothair I, King of the Middle Franks, nominally titled Emperor . This kingdom lasted only until 869 . </Li> <Li> East Francia or the East Frankish Kingdom: Louis the German, King of the East Franks . </Li> <P> Charlemagne had several sons, but only one survived him . This son, Louis the Pious, followed his father as the ruler of a united empire . But sole inheritance remained a matter of chance, rather than intent . When Louis died in 840, the Carolingians adhered to the custom of partible inheritance, and after a brief civil war between the three sons, they made an agreement in 843, the Treaty of Verdun, which divided the empire in three: </P>

Who expanded the frankish kingdom and established a western european empire