<P> The Dome of the Rock is situated in the center of the Temple Mount, the site of the Temple of Solomon and the Jewish Second Temple, which had been greatly expanded under Herod the Great in the 1st century BCE . Herod's Temple was destroyed in 70 CE by the Romans, and after the Bar Kokhba revolt in 135 CE, a Roman temple to Jupiter Capitolinus was built at the site . </P> <P> Jerusalem was ruled by the Christian Byzantine Empire throughout the 4th to 6th centuries . During this time, Christian pilgrimage to Jerusalem began to develop . The Church of the Holy Sepulchre was built under Constantine in the 320s, but the Temple Mount was left undeveloped after a failed project of restoration of the temple under Julian the Apostate . </P> <P> The Dome of the Rock is now mostly assumed to have been built by the order of Umayyad Caliph Abd al - Malik and his son and successor Al - Walid I . According to Sibt ibn al - Jawzi, construction started in 687 . Construction cost was reportedly seven times the yearly tax income of Egypt . A dedicatory inscription in Kufic script is preserved inside the dome . The date is recorded as AH 72 (691 / 2 CE), the year historians believe the construction of the original Dome was completed . In this inscription, the name of al - Malik was deleted and replaced by the name of Abbasid caliph Al - Ma'mun . This alteration of the original inscription was first noted by Melchior de Vogüé in 1864 . Some scholars have suggested that the dome was added to an existing building, built either by Muawiyah I (r . 661--680), or indeed a Byzantine building dating to before the Muslim conquest, built under Heraclius (r . 610--641). </P> <P> Its architecture and mosaics were patterned after nearby Byzantine churches and palaces . The two engineers in charge of the project were Raja ibn Haywah, a Muslim theologian from Beit She'an and Yazid Ibn Salam, a non-Arab who was Muslim and a native of Jerusalem . </P>

Who built the dome of the rock in jerusalem