<P> When the Romans took over Judea in AD 6, the legate Publius Sulpicius Quirinius organised a census for tax purposes . The Gospel of Luke links the birth of Jesus to this event . Luke 2 . </P> <P> One of the world's earliest preserved censuses was held in China in AD 2 during the Han Dynasty, and is still considered by scholars to be quite accurate . Another census was held in AD 144 . </P> <P> The oldest recorded census in India is thought to have occurred around 300 BC during the reign of The Emperor Chandragupta Maurya under the leadership of Kautilya or Chanakya and Ashoka . </P> <P> The word "census" originated in ancient Rome from the Latin word censere ("to estimate"). The census played a crucial role in the administration of the Roman Empire, as it was used to determine taxes . With few interruptions, it was usually carried out every five years . It provided a register of citizens and their property from which their duties and privileges could be listed . It is said to have been instituted by the Roman king Servius Tullius in the 6th century BC, at which time the number of arms - bearing citizens was supposedly counted at around 80,000 . The 6 BC "census of Quirinius" undertaken following the imposition of direct Roman rule in Judea was partially responsible for the development of the Zealot movement and several failed rebellions against Rome that ended in the Diaspora . The 15 - year indiction cycle established by Diocletian in AD 297 was based on quindecennial censuses and formed the basis for dating in late antiquity and under the Byzantine Empire . </P>

Which of the following sources of india is not based on primary data collection