<P> The concept of CV is fairly standard on analog synthesizers, but not its implementation . For pitch control via CV, there are two prominent implementations: </P> <Ul> <Li> Volts per octave was popularized by Bob Moog in the 1960s, and was widely adopted for control interfacing . One volt represents one octave, so the pitch produced by a voltage of 3v is one octave lower than that produced by a voltage of 4v . Companies using this CV method included Roland, Moog, Sequential Circuits, Oberheim and ARP . This convention typically had control modules carry the source voltage (B+, 5v) on the ring of a TRS jack, with the processed voltage returning on the tip . However, other manufacturers have used different implementations with voltages including - 5 to 5v, 0 to 5v, 0 to 10v with the B+ possibly on the tip . This makes interoperability of modules problematic . </Li> <Li> Hertz per volt, used by most but not all Korg and Yamaha synthesizers, represents an octave of pitch by doubling voltage, so the pitch represented by 2v is one octave lower than that represented by 4v, and one higher than that represented by 1v . </Li> </Ul> <Li> Volts per octave was popularized by Bob Moog in the 1960s, and was widely adopted for control interfacing . One volt represents one octave, so the pitch produced by a voltage of 3v is one octave lower than that produced by a voltage of 4v . Companies using this CV method included Roland, Moog, Sequential Circuits, Oberheim and ARP . This convention typically had control modules carry the source voltage (B+, 5v) on the ring of a TRS jack, with the processed voltage returning on the tip . However, other manufacturers have used different implementations with voltages including - 5 to 5v, 0 to 5v, 0 to 10v with the B+ possibly on the tip . This makes interoperability of modules problematic . </Li> <Li> Hertz per volt, used by most but not all Korg and Yamaha synthesizers, represents an octave of pitch by doubling voltage, so the pitch represented by 2v is one octave lower than that represented by 4v, and one higher than that represented by 1v . </Li>

Who invented the protocol of one volt per octave