<P> There is reasonable evidence that correcting gut flora imbalances by taking probiotics with Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria can reduce visceral pain and gut inflammation in IBD . </P> <P> Irritable bowel syndrome is a result of stress and chronic activation of the HPA axis; its symptoms include abdominal pain, changes in bowel movements, and an increase in proinflammatory cytokines . Overall, studies have found that the luminal and mucosal microbiota are changed in irritable bowel syndrome individuals, and these changes can relate to the type of irritation such as diarrhea or constipation . Also, there is a decrease in the diversity of the microbiome with low levels of fecal Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria, high levels of facultative anaerobic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, and increased ratios of Firmicutes: Bacteroidetes . </P> <P> Allergy, asthma, and diabetes mellitus type 1 are autoimmune and inflammatory disorders' the causes of these disease are unknown and issues with the gut flora and its relationship with the host have been implicated in these conditions . </P> <P> Two hypotheses have been posed to explain the rising prevalence of these diseases in the developed world: the hygiene hypothesis, which posits that children in the developed world are not exposed to a wide enough range of pathogens and end up with an overreactive immune system, and the role of the Western pattern diet which lacks whole grains and fiber and has an overabundance of simple sugars . Both hypotheses converge on the changes in the gut flora and its role in modulating the immune system, and as of 2016 this was an active area of research . </P>

Where is the gut located in the human body