<P> Its production and its use were not lightly undertaken by this Government . But we knew that our enemies were on the search for it . We know now how close they were to finding it . And we knew the disaster which would come to this Nation, and to all peace - loving nations, to all civilization, if they had found it first . </P> <P> That is why we felt compelled to undertake the long and uncertain and costly labor of discovery and production . </P> <P> We won the race of discovery against the Germans . </P> <P> Having found the bomb we have used it . We have used it against those who attacked us without warning at Pearl Harbor, against those who have starved and beaten and executed American prisoners of war, against those who have abandoned all pretense of obeying international laws of warfare . We have used it in order to shorten the agony of war, in order to save the lives of thousands and thousands of young Americans . </P>

Who opened the ceremony for the surrender of japan