<P> The manipulation of time at higher latitudes (for example Iceland, Nunavut or Alaska) has little impact on daily life, because the length of day and night changes more extremely throughout the seasons (in comparison to other latitudes), and thus sunrise and sunset times are significantly out of phase with standard working hours regardless of manipulations of the clock . DST is also of little use for locations near the equator, because these regions see only a small variation in daylight in the course of the year . The effect also varies according to how far east or west the location is within its time zone, with locations farther east inside the time zone benefiting more from DST than locations farther west in the same time zone . </P> <P> Although they did not fix their schedules to the clock in the modern sense, ancient civilizations adjusted daily schedules to the sun more flexibly than DST does, often dividing daylight into twelve hours regardless of daytime, so that (for example) each daylight hour became progressively longer during spring and shorter during autumn . For example, the Romans kept time with water clocks that had different scales for different months of the year: at Rome's latitude the third hour from sunrise, hora tertia, started by modern standards at 09: 02 solar time and lasted 44 minutes at the winter solstice, but at the summer solstice it started at 06: 58 and lasted 75 minutes . After ancient times, equal - length civil hours eventually supplanted unequal ones, so civil time no longer varies by season . Unequal hours are still used in a few traditional settings, such as some monasteries of Mount Athos and all Jewish ceremonies . </P> <P> During his time as an American envoy to France (1776 - 1785), Benjamin Franklin, publisher of the old English proverb "Early to bed, and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise", anonymously published a letter in the Journal de Paris suggesting that Parisians economize on candles by rising earlier to use morning sunlight . This 1784 satire proposed taxing window shutters, rationing candles, and waking the public by ringing church bells and firing cannons at sunrise . Despite common misconception, Franklin did not actually propose DST; 18th - century Europe did not even keep precise schedules . However, this soon changed as rail transport and communication networks came to require a standardization of time unknown in Franklin's day . </P> <P> The New Zealand entomologist George Hudson first proposed modern DST . Hudson's shift - work job gave him leisure time to collect insects and led him to value after - hours daylight . In 1895 he presented a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society proposing a two - hour daylight - saving shift, and after considerable interest was expressed in Christchurch, he followed up with an 1898 paper . Many publications credit DST proposal to the prominent English builder and outdoorsman William Willett, who independently conceived DST in 1905 during a pre-breakfast ride, when he observed with dismay how many Londoners slept through a large part of a summer day . An avid golfer, Willett also disliked cutting short his round at dusk . His solution was to advance the clock during the summer months, a proposal he published two years later . The Liberal Party member of parliament (MP) Robert Pearce took up Willett's proposal, introducing the first Daylight Saving Bill to the House of Commons on February 12, 1908 . A select committee was set up to examine the issue, but Pearce's bill did not become law, and several other bills failed in the following years . Willett lobbied for the proposal in the UK until his death in 1915 . </P>

When does new zealand change to daylight savings time