<P> Over 560 princely states acceded to India by 15 August . The exceptions were Junagadh, Hyderabad and Jammu and Kashmir . The state of Jammu and Kashmir, which was contiguous to both India and Pakistan, was expected to accede to Pakistan on account of its 77% Muslim majority and its cultural and commercial links to West Punjab (Pakistan), but its Hindu ruler chose to remain initially independent . Following a Pakistani tribal invasion, he acceded to India on 26 October 1947, and the state became a dispute between India and Pakistan . The state of Junagadh initially acceded to Pakistan but faced a revolt from its Hindu population . Following a breakdown of law and order, its Dewan requested India to take over the administration on 8 November 1947 . India conducted a referendum in the state on 20 February 1948, in which the people voted overwhelmingly to join India . The state of Hyderabad, with majority Hindu population but Muslim ruler, faced an intense turmoil and sectarian violence . India invaded the state on 13 September 1948, following which the ruler of the state signed the Instrument of Accession, joining India . </P> <P> Muhammad Ali Jinnah became the Governor - General of Pakistan, and Liaquat Ali Khan became the Prime Minister of Pakistan . </P> <P> Between October 1947 and March 1948 the rulers of several Muslim - majority states signed an Instrument of Accession to join Pakistan . These included Amb, Bahawalpur, Chitral, Dir, Kalat, Khairpur, Kharan, Las Bela, Makran, and Swat . </P> <P> There was much violence, and many Muslims from what would become India fled to Pakistan; and Hindus and Sikhs from what would become Pakistan fled to India . Many people left behind all their possessions and property to avoid the violence and flee to their new country . </P>

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