<Ol> <Li> Time - series: A single variable is captured over a period of time, such as the unemployment rate over a 10 - year period . A line chart may be used to demonstrate the trend . </Li> <Li> Ranking: Categorical subdivisions are ranked in ascending or descending order, such as a ranking of sales performance (the measure) by sales persons (the category, with each sales person a categorical subdivision) during a single period . A bar chart may be used to show the comparison across the sales persons . </Li> <Li> Part - to - whole: Categorical subdivisions are measured as a ratio to the whole (i.e., a percentage out of 100%). A pie chart or bar chart can show the comparison of ratios, such as the market share represented by competitors in a market . </Li> <Li> Deviation: Categorical subdivisions are compared against a reference, such as a comparison of actual vs. budget expenses for several departments of a business for a given time period . A bar chart can show comparison of the actual versus the reference amount . </Li> <Li> Frequency distribution: Shows the number of observations of a particular variable for given interval, such as the number of years in which the stock market return is between intervals such as 0--10%, 11--20%, etc . A histogram, a type of bar chart, may be used for this analysis . </Li> <Li> Correlation: Comparison between observations represented by two variables (X, Y) to determine if they tend to move in the same or opposite directions . For example, plotting unemployment (X) and inflation (Y) for a sample of months . A scatter plot is typically used for this message . </Li> <Li> Nominal comparison: Comparing categorical subdivisions in no particular order, such as the sales volume by product code . A bar chart may be used for this comparison . </Li> <Li> Geographic or geospatial: Comparison of a variable across a map or layout, such as the unemployment rate by state or the number of persons on the various floors of a building . A cartogram is a typical graphic used . </Li> </Ol> <Li> Time - series: A single variable is captured over a period of time, such as the unemployment rate over a 10 - year period . A line chart may be used to demonstrate the trend . </Li> <Li> Ranking: Categorical subdivisions are ranked in ascending or descending order, such as a ranking of sales performance (the measure) by sales persons (the category, with each sales person a categorical subdivision) during a single period . A bar chart may be used to show the comparison across the sales persons . </Li> <Li> Part - to - whole: Categorical subdivisions are measured as a ratio to the whole (i.e., a percentage out of 100%). A pie chart or bar chart can show the comparison of ratios, such as the market share represented by competitors in a market . </Li>

Which of the following is not a tool for process analysis and design