<P> With respect to alcohol, the AAP states that when breastfeeding, "moderation is definitely advised" and recommends waiting for 2 hours after drinking before nursing or pumping . A 2014 review found that "even in a theoretical case of binge drinking, the children would not be subjected to clinically relevant amounts of alcohol (through breastmilk)", and would have no adverse effects on children as long as drinking is "occasional". </P> <P> A mother can express (produce) her milk for storage and later use . Expression occurs with massage or a breast pump . It can be stored in freezer storage bags, containers made specifically for breastmilk, a supplemental nursing system, or a bottle ready for use . Using someone other than the mother / wet nurse to deliver the bottle maintains the baby's association of nursing with the mother / wet nurse and bottle feeding with other people . </P> <P> Breast milk may be kept at room temperature for up to six hours, refrigerated for up to eight days or frozen for six to twelve months . Research suggests that the antioxidant activity in expressed breast milk decreases over time, but remains at higher levels than in infant formula . </P> <P> Mothers express milk for multiple reasons . Expressing breast milk can maintain a mother's milk supply when she and her child are apart . A sick baby who is unable to nurse can take expressed milk through a nasogastric tube . Some babies are unable or unwilling to nurse . Expressed milk is the feeding method of choice for premature babies . Viral disease transmission can be prevented by expressing breast milk and subjecting it to Holder pasteurisation . Some women donate expressed breast milk (EBM) to others, either directly or through a milk bank . This allows mothers who cannot breastfeed to give their baby the benefits of breast milk . </P>

Benefits for the breast-feeding mother include all of the following except