<P> The actual training of the dog can be done by anyone, the trainer, owner, or a friend . Typically the individual who is caring for and living with the dog participates and trains the dog, as they will be the one who will be giving the commands . The relationship and trust between the dog and handler are important for success . </P> <P> Basic or beginner's obedience is typically a short course ranging from six to ten weeks, where it is demonstrated to the handler how to communicate with and train the dog in a few simple commands . With most methods the dog is trained one command at a time . Though there may or may not be a specific word attached to it, walking properly on a leash, or leash control, is often the first training required prior to learning other commands . </P> <P> Working dogs have always learned to obey commands related to the work that they historically performed, such as when a herding dog moves a flock of animals in response to a shepherd's whistled directions, or a hunting dog searching for (or chasing down) quarry or leaving the treed quarry at the hunter's command . </P> <P> In the twentieth century, formalized dog training originated in military and police applications, and the methods used largely reflected the military approach to training humans . In the middle and late part of the century, however, more research into operant conditioning and positive reinforcement occurred as wild animal shows became more popular . Aquatic mammal trainers used clickers (a small box that makes a loud click when pushed on) to "mark" desired behavior, giving food as a reward . The change in training methods spread gradually into the world of dog training . Today many dog trainers rely heavily on positive reinforcement to teach new behaviors . </P>

How old do dogs have to be for obedience school