<P> After a very difficult winter and a miraculous crop retrieval, in which Pioneers reported to have been saved from cricket infestation by seagulls (see Miracle of the Gulls), the "Desert Blossomed as the Rose" in the Salt Lake Valley . Early Pioneers survived by maintaining a very tight - knit community . Under Young's leadership Pioneers worked out a system of communal crop sharing within the various ward houses established throughout the Salt Lake Valley . </P> <P> The California Gold Rush brought many people through the city on their way to seek fortunes . Salt Lake, which was at the cross-roads of the westward trek, became a vital trading point for speculators and prospectors traveling through . They came with goods from the East, such as clothing and other manufactured items, trading with the local farmers for fresh livestock and crops . </P> <P> The Congress organized the Utah Territory out of the "State of Deseret" in 1850, and a few months later on January 6, 1851 the city was formally organized as "The City of the Great Salt Lake". Originally, Fillmore, Utah was the territorial capital, but in 1856 it was moved to Salt Lake City, where it has stayed ever since . The city's name was officially changed to "Salt Lake City" at the same time . </P> <P> In 1857, when the Mormon practice of polygamy came to national awareness, President James Buchanan responded to public outcry by sending an army of 2500 soldiers, called the Utah Expedition, to investigate the LDS Church and install a non-LDS governor to replace Brigham Young . In response, Brigham Young imposed martial law, sending the Utah militia to harass the soldiers, a conflict called the Utah War . Young eventually surrendered to federal control when the new territorial governor, Alfred Cumming, arrived in Salt Lake City on April 12, 1858 . Most troops pulled out at the beginning of the American Civil War . </P>

When did salt lake city became the capital of utah