<P> Other Beys saw their own Beylik promoted to statehood, e.g.: </P> <Ul> <Li> in Qusantina (Constantine in French), an Ottoman district subject to the Algiers regency since 1525 (had its own Beys since 1567), the last incumbent, Ahmed Bey ben Mohamed Chérif (b.c. 1784, in office 1826--1848, d . 1850), was maintained when in 1826 the local Kabyle population declared independence, and when it was on 13 October 1837 conquered by France, until it was incorporated into Algeria in 1848 . </Li> </Ul> <Li> in Qusantina (Constantine in French), an Ottoman district subject to the Algiers regency since 1525 (had its own Beys since 1567), the last incumbent, Ahmed Bey ben Mohamed Chérif (b.c. 1784, in office 1826--1848, d . 1850), was maintained when in 1826 the local Kabyle population declared independence, and when it was on 13 October 1837 conquered by France, until it was incorporated into Algeria in 1848 . </Li> <P> Bey or a variation has also been used as an aristocratic title in various Turkic states, such as Bäk in the Tatar Khanate of Kazan, in charge of a Beylik called Bäklek . The Balkar princes in the North Caucasus highlands were known as taubiy (taubey), meaning the "mountainous chief". </P>

Where does the last name bey come from