<P> Boam's February 23, 1988 rewrite utilized many of Connery's comic suggestions . It included the prologue that was eventually filmed; Lucas had to convince Spielberg to show Indiana as a boy because of the mixed response to Empire of the Sun, which was about a young boy . Spielberg--who was later awarded the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award--had the idea of making Indiana a Boy Scout . Indiana's mother, named Margaret in this version, dismisses Indiana when he returns home with the Cross of Coronado, while his father is on a long distance call . Walter Chandler of the Chandler Foundation features, but is not the main villain; he plunges to his death in the tank . Elsa introduces Indiana and Brody to a large Venetian family that knows Henry . Leni Riefenstahl appears at the Nazi rally in Berlin . Vogel is beheaded by the traps guarding the Grail . Kemal tries to blow up the Grail Temple during a comic fight in which gunpowder is repeatedly lit and extinguished . Elsa shoots Henry, then dies drinking from the wrong Grail, and Indiana rescues his father from falling into the chasm while grasping for the Grail . Boam's revision of March 1 showed Henry causing the seagulls to strike the plane, and has Henry saving Indiana at the end . </P> <P> Between an undated "Amblin" revision and a rewrite by Tom Stoppard (under the pen name Barry Watson) dated May 8, 1988, further changes were made . Stoppard polished most of the dialogue, and created the "Panama Hat" character to link the prologue's segments featuring the young and adult Indianas . The Venetian family is cut . Kemal is renamed Kazim and now wants to protect the grail rather than find it . Chandler is renamed Donovan . The scene of Brody being captured is added . Vogel now dies in the tank, while Donovan shoots Henry and then drinks from the false grail, and Elsa falls into the chasm . The Grail trials are expanded to include the stone - stepping and leap of faith . </P> <P> Principal photography began on May 16, 1988, in the Tabernas Desert in Spain's Almería province . Spielberg originally had planned the chase to be a short sequence shot over two days, but he drew up storyboards to make the scene an action - packed centerpiece . Thinking he would not surpass the truck chase from Raiders of the Lost Ark (because the truck was much faster than the tank), he felt this sequence should be more story - based and needed to show Indiana and Henry helping each other . He later said he had more fun storyboarding the sequence than filming it . The second unit had begun filming two weeks before . After approximately ten days, the production moved to Bellas Artes to film the scenes set in the Sultan of Hatay's palace . Cabo de Gata - Níjar Natural Park was used for the road, tunnel and beach sequence in which birds strike the plane . The shoot's Spanish portion wrapped on June 2, 1988, in Guadix, Granada, with filming of Brody's capture at İskenderun train station . The filmmakers built a mosque near the station for atmosphere, rather than adding it as a visual effect . </P> <P> Filming for the castle interiors took place in the United Kingdom from June 5 to 10, 1988, at Elstree Studios in Borehamwood, England . On June 16 Lawrence Hall, London, was used for the airport interiors . Filming returned to Elstree the next day to capture the motorcycle escape, continuing at the studio for interior scenes until July 18 . One day was spent at North Weald Airfield on June 29 to film Indiana leaving for Venice . Ford and Connery acted much of the Zeppelin table conversation without trousers on because of the overheated set . Spielberg, Marshall and Kennedy interrupted the shoot to make a plea to the Parliament of the United Kingdom to support the economically "depressed" British studios . July 20--22 was spent filming the temple interiors . The temple set, which took six weeks to build, was supported on 80 feet of hydraulics and ten gimbals for use during the earthquake scene . Resetting between takes took twenty minutes while the hydraulics were put to their starting positions and the cracks filled with plaster . The shot of the Grail falling to the temple floor--causing the first crack to appear--was attempted on the full - size set, but proved too difficult . Instead, crews built a separate floor section that incorporated a pre-scored crack sealed with plaster . It took several takes to throw the Grail from six feet onto the right part of the crack . July 25--26 was spent on night shoots at Stowe School, Stowe, Buckinghamshire, for the Nazi rally . </P>

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