<Li> South Carolina civil disturbances of 1876 <Ul> <Li> Hamburg massacre </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Ul> <Li> Hamburg massacre </Li> </Ul> <P> The term Reconstruction Era, in the context of the history of the United States, has two senses: the first covers the complete history of the entire country from 1865 to 1877 following the American Civil War (1861 to 1865); the second sense focuses on the attempted transformation of the Southern United States from 1863 to 1877, as directed by Congress, from states with economies dependent upon slavery, to states in which former slaves were citizens with civil rights . With the three Reconstruction Amendments, the era saw the first amendments to the U.S. Constitution in decades . </P> <P> Three visions of Civil War memory appeared during Reconstruction: the reconciliationist vision, which was rooted in coping with the death and devastation the war had brought; the white supremacist vision, which included terror and violence; and the emancipationist vision, which sought full freedom, citizenship, and Constitutional equality for African Americans . </P>

When did reconstruction start after the civil war