<P> Title IX is a federal civil rights law in the United States of America that was passed as part of the Education Amendments of 1972 . This is Public Law No. 92 ‐ 318, 86 Stat. 235 (June 23, 1972), codified at 20 U.S.C. § § 1681--1688 . It was co-authored and introduced by Senator Birch Bayh in the U.S. Senate . It was later renamed the Patsy T. Mink Equal Opportunity in Education Act in 2002 after Patsy Mink, its late U.S. House co-author and sponsor . The following is the original text as written and signed into law by President Richard Nixon in 1972: </P> <P> No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance . </P> <P> Title IX was enacted as a follow - up to passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 . The 1964 Act was passed to end discrimination in various fields based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin in the areas of employment and public accommodation . The 1964 Act did not prohibit sex discrimination against persons employed at educational institutions . A parallel law, Title VI, had also been enacted in 1964 to prohibit discrimination in federally funded private and public entities . It covered race, color, and national origin but excluded sex . Feminists during the early 1970s lobbied Congress to add sex as a protected class category . Title IX was enacted to fill this gap and prohibit discrimination in all federally funded education programs . Congressman John Tower then proposed an amendment to Title IX that would have exempted athletics departments from the scope of Title IX's coverage . </P> <P> The Tower amendment was rejected, but it led to widespread misunderstanding of Title IX as a sports - equity law, rather than an anti-discrimination, civil rights law . While Title IX is best known for its impact on high school and collegiate athletics, the original statute made no explicit mention of sports . The United States Supreme Court also issued decisions in the 1980s and 1990s, making clear that sexual harassment and assault is a form of sex discrimination . In 2011, President Barack Obama issued guidance reminding schools of their obligation to redress sexual assaults as civil rights matters under Title IX . Obama also issued guidance clarifying Title IX protections for LGBT students through Dear Colleague letters . Under U.S. President Donald Trump, this guidance has been rescinded . </P>

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