<Tr> <Th> Highest elevation </Th> <Td> 2,814 m (9,232 ft) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Lowest elevation </Th> <Td> - 212 m (− 696 ft) </Td> </Tr> <P> The Golan Heights (Arabic: هضبة الجولان ‎ Haḍbatu' l - Jawlān or مرتفعات الجولان Murtafaʻātu l - Jawlān, Hebrew: רמת הגולן ‬, Ramat HaGolan (audio) (help info)), or simply the Golan is a region in the Levant, spanning about 1,800 square kilometres (690 sq mi). The region defined as the Golan Heights differs between disciplines: as a geological and biogeographical region, the Golan Heights is a basaltic plateau bordered by the Yarmouk River in the south, the Sea of Galilee and Hula Valley in the west, the Anti-Lebanon with Mount Hermon in the north and Wadi Raqqad in the east; and as a geopolitical region, the Golan Heights is the area captured from Syria and occupied by Israel during the Six - Day War, territory which Israel annexed in 1981 . This region includes the western two - thirds of the geological Golan Heights, as well as the Israeli - occupied part of Mount Hermon . </P> <P> The earliest evidence of human habitation dates to the Upper Paleolithic period . According to the Bible, an Amorite Kingdom in Bashan was conquered by Israelites during the reign of King Og . Throughout the Old Testament period, the Golan was "the focus of a power struggle between the Kings of Israel and the Aramaeans who were based near modern - day Damascus ." The Itureans, an Arab or Aramaic people, settled there in the 2nd century BCE and remained until the end of the Byzantine period . Organized Jewish settlement in the region came to an end in 636 CE when it was conquered by Arabs under Umar ibn al - Khattāb . In the 16th century, the Golan was conquered by the Ottoman Empire and was part of the Vilayet of Damascus until it was transferred to French control in 1918 . When the mandate terminated in 1946, it became part of the newly independent Syrian Arab Republic . </P>

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