<P> Maine was an early hotbed of the temperance movement . The world's first Total Abstinence Society was formed in Portland in 1815, and a statewide temperance group formed in 1834 . These groups won a major victory in 1838 when they pressured the state legislature to pass the Fifteen Gallon Law, which prohibited the sale of spirits in quantities of less than that amount . Its practical effect was to make hard liquor available to the wealthy, who were the only ones who could afford such quantities . It was repealed within two years . However, in 1851 the so - called Maine law passed, which banned the production and sale of alcoholic beverages . Thus Maine became the first "dry" state . However, the law's exception for "medicinal, mechanical and manufacturing purposes" meant that liquor was still available for some . </P> <P> As Reconstruction came to a close in the 1870s, most white reformers grew uninterested in racial equality and invested more energy into temperance . This period produced various temperance organizations including the prohibitionist Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU, f . 1874) and the voluntarist Catholic Total Abstinence Union of America (CTAU, f . 1872). Prohibitionist temperance grew popular in the South as it embraced the "Southern" values of racial hierarchy, gender roles, and honor . The national movement enlisted more religious support throughout the country, especially from evangelicals . </P> <P> In 1873, the WCTU established a Department of Scientific Temperance Instruction in Schools and Colleges, with Mary Hunt as National Superintendent . The WCTU was an influential organization with a membership of 120,000 by 1879 . Frances Willard led the group under the motto "Do Everything" to protect women and children . Some of the changes the WCTU sought included property and custody rights for women, women's suffrage, raising the age of consensual sex, peace arbitration, women's education, and advocacy for working rights of women . </P> <P> Because of the correlation between drinking and domestic violence--many drunken husbands abused family members--the temperance movement existed alongside various women's rights and other movements, including the Progressive movement, and often the same activists were involved in multiple movements . Many notable voices of the time, ranging from Lucy Webb Hayes to Susan B. Anthony, were active in temperance . In Canada, Nellie McClung was a longstanding advocate of temperance . As with most social movements, there was a gamut of activists running from violent (Carrie Nation) to mild (Neal S. Dow). </P>

Who was the leader of the temperance movement