<P> In an August 5, 2002 speech, President Bush said: "We're fighting...to secure freedom in the homeland ." Prior to the creation of DHS, American presidents had referred to the U.S. as "the nation" or "the republic", and to its internal policies as "domestic". Also unprecedented was the use, from 2002, of the phrase "the homeland" by White House spokespeople . </P> <P> In 2011, the Department of Homeland Security phased out the old Homeland Security Advisory System, replacing it with a two - level National Terrorism Advisory System . The system has two types of advisories: Alerts and Bulletins . NTAS Bulletins permit the Secretary to communicate critical terrorism information that, while not necessarily indicative of a specific threat against the United States, can reach homeland security partners or the public quickly, thereby allowing recipients to implement necessary protective measures . Alerts are issued when there is specific and credible information of a terrorist threat against the United States . Alerts themselves have two levels: Elevated and Imminent . An Elevated Alert is issued when there is credible information about an attack but only general information about timing or a target . An Imminent Alert is issued when the threat is very specific and impending in the very near term . </P> <P> On March 12, 2002, the Homeland Security Advisory System, a color - coded terrorism risk advisory scale, was created as the result of a Presidential Directive to provide a "comprehensive and effective means to disseminate information regarding the risk of terrorist acts to Federal, State, and local authorities and to the American people ." Many procedures at government facilities are tied into the alert level; for example a facility may search all entering vehicles when the alert is above a certain level . Since January 2003, it has been administered in coordination with DHS; it has also been the target of frequent jokes and ridicule on the part of the administration's detractors about its ineffectiveness . After resigning, Tom Ridge stated that he did not always agree with the threat level adjustments pushed by other government agencies . </P> <P> In January 2003, the office was merged into the Department of Homeland Security and the White House Homeland Security Council, both of which were created by the Homeland Security Act of 2002 . The Homeland Security Council, similar in nature to the National Security Council, retains a policy coordination and advisory role and is led by the Assistant to the President for Homeland Security . </P>

The office of homeland security was established in 2002 to