<P> Muslims are commanded to perform prayers five times a day . These prayers are obligatory on every Muslim who has reached the age of puberty, with the exception being those who are mentally ill, too physically ill for it to be possible, menstruating, or experiencing postnatal bleeding . Those who are ill or otherwise physically unable to offer their prayers in the traditional form are permitted to offer their prayers while sitting or lying, as they are able . The five prayers are each assigned to certain prescribed times (al waqt) at which they must be performed, unless there is a compelling reason for not being able to perform them on time . These times are measured according to the movement of the sun . These are: near dawn (fajr), after midday has passed and the sun starts to tilt downwards / noon (zuhr), in the afternoon (asr), just after sunset (maghrib) and around nightfall (Isha). Under some circumstances ritual worship can be shortened or combined (according to prescribed procedures). In case a ritual worship is not performed at the right time, it must be performed later . </P> <P> Some Muslims offer voluntary prayers (sunna rawatib) immediately before and after the prescribed fard prayers . Sunni Muslims classify these prayers as sunnah, while Shi'ah consider them nafil . The number of rakats for each of the five obligatory prayers as well as the voluntary prayers (before and after) are listed below: </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> Prescribed time period (waqt) </Th> <Th_colspan="2"> Voluntary before fard </Th> <Th> Obligatory </Th> <Th_colspan="2"> Voluntary after fard </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sunni </Th> <Th> Shi'a </Th> <Th> Sunni </Th> <Th> Shi'a </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Fajr (فجر) </Td> <Td> Dawn to sunrise, should be read at least 10--15 minutes before sunrise </Td> <Td> 2 Rakats Sunnat - Mu'akkadah </Td> <Td> 2 Rakats </Td> <Td> 2 Rakats </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> 2 Rakats </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Zuhr (ظهر) </Td> <Td> After true noon until Asr </Td> <Td> 4 Rakats Sunnat - Mu'akkadah </Td> <Td> 4 Rakats </Td> <Td> 4 Rakats </Td> <Td> 2 Rakats Sunnat - Mu'akkadah </Td> <Td> 8 Rakats </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Asr (عصر) </Td> <Td> Afternoon </Td> <Td> 4 Rakats Sunnat - Ghair - Mu'akkdah </Td> <Td> 4 Rakats </Td> <Td> 4 Rakats </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> 8 Rakats </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Maghrib (مغرب) </Td> <Td> After sunset until dusk </Td> <Td> 3 Rakats </Td> <Td> 3 Rakats </Td> <Td> 3 Rakats </Td> <Td> 2 Rakats Sunnat - Mu'akkadah </Td> <Td> 2 Rakats </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Isha (عشاء) </Td> <Td> Dusk until dawn </Td> <Td> 4 Rakats Sunnat - Ghair - Mu'akkadah </Td> <Td> 4 Rakats </Td> <Td> 4 Rakats </Td> <Td> 2 Rakats Sunnat - Mu'akkadah, 3 Rakats Witr </Td> <Td> 2 Rakats </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> Prescribed time period (waqt) </Th> <Th_colspan="2"> Voluntary before fard </Th> <Th> Obligatory </Th> <Th_colspan="2"> Voluntary after fard </Th> </Tr>

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