<P> In 661, with the assassination of Ali, the last of the Rashidun Caliphs, Muawiyah I became the uncontested Caliph of the Islamic World . Muawiyah I was ordained as Caliph in Jerusalem, ending the First Fitna and marking the beginning of the Umayyad Empire . </P> <P> Under Umayyad rule, the Byzantine province of Palaestina Prima became the administrative and military sub-province (jund) of Filastin--the Arabic name for Palestine from that point forward . It formed one of five subdivisions of the larger province of ash - Sham (Arabic for Greater Syria). Jund Filastin (Arabic جند فلسطين, literally "the army of Palestine") was a region extending from the Sinai to the plain of Acre . Major towns included Rafah, Caesarea, Gaza, Jaffa, Nablus and Jericho . Lod served as the headquarters of the province of Filastin and the capital later moved to Ramla . Jund al - Urdunn (literally "the army of Jordan") was a region to the north and east of Filastin, which included the cities of Acre, Bisan and Tiberias . </P> <P> In 687--691, during the Second Fitna, the Dome of the Rock was built under Caliph Abd al - Malik ibn Marwan, becoming the world's first great work of Islamic architecture . The Temple Mount (known as Haram Ash - Sharif in the Islamic world and the site where the Islamic prophet Muhammad is believed by Muslims to have begun his nocturnal journey to heaven), had remained unbuilt for c. 600 years since Titus's destruction of Herod's Temple in 70 . </P> <P> About a decade afterward, Caliph Al - Walid I had the Al - Aqsa Mosque built . </P>

Which of these statements is true about palestine in the 19th century