<Li> Substitution--systematic replacement of one sound by an alternative, easier one to articulate (substitution process--stopping, fronting, gliding). It means that the young toddler may use sounds that are easier to produce instead of the proper sound in a word . We may see that the child replace the' r' sound with' l' or' w', the' n' with' d' and so on . </Li> <Li> Assimilation--modification of segments of the word influenced by neighboring sounds, due to ease of articulation . In order for the young speaker to produce sounds easier, he or she may replace the sound in a specific word to a different one, which is somewhat similar . For example, the word "pig" may sound as "big" --' p' and' b' are close in their sound . (Lightbown, Spada, Ranta & Rand, 2006). </Li> <P> From shortly after birth to around one year, the baby starts to make speech sounds . At around two months, the baby engages in cooing, which mostly consists of vowel sounds . At around four months, cooing turns into babbling, which is the repetitive consonant - vowel combinations . Babies understand more than they are able to say . In this 0--8 months range, the child is engaged in vocal play of vegetative sounds, laughing, and cooing . </P> <P> Once the child hits the 8--12 month, range the child engages in canonical babbling, i.e. dada as well as variegated babbling . This jargon babbling with intonational contours the language being learned . </P>

The sequence of early language development is universal