<P> The meridian through Greenwich (inside Greenwich Park), England, called the Prime Meridian, was set at zero degrees of longitude, while other meridians were defined by the angle at the center of the earth between where it and the prime meridian cross the equator . As there are 360 degrees in a circle, the meridian on the opposite side of the earth from Greenwich, the antimeridian, forms the other half of a circle with the one through Greenwich, and is at 180 ° longitude near the International Date Line (with land mass and island deviations for boundary reasons). The meridians from West of Greenwich (0 °) to the antimeridian (180 °) define the Western Hemisphere and the meridians from East of Greenwich (0 °) to the antimeridian (180 °) define the Eastern Hemisphere . Most maps show the lines of longitude . </P> <P> The position of the prime meridian has changed a few times throughout history, mainly due to the transit observatory being built next door to the previous one (to maintain the service to shipping). Such changes had no significant practical effect . Historically, the average error in the determination of longitude was much larger than the change in position . The adoption of WGS84 ("World Geodetic System 84") as the positioning system has moved the geodetic prime meridian 102.478 metres east of its last astronomic position (measured at Greenwich). The position of the current geodetic prime meridian is not identified at all by any kind of sign or marking (as the older astronomic position was) in Greenwich, but can be located using a GPS receiver . </P> <P> The magnetic meridian is an equivalent imaginary line connecting the magnetic south and north poles and can be taken as the horizontal component of magnetic force lines along the surface of the earth . Therefore, a compass needle will be parallel to the magnetic meridian . The angle between the magnetic and the true meridian is the magnetic declination, which is relevant for navigating with a compass . </P>

Write a short note on meridians of longitude