<P> The earliest form of logic was developed by the Babylonians, notably in the rigorous nonergodic nature of their social systems . Babylonian thought was axiomatic and is comparable to the "ordinary logic" described by John Maynard Keynes . Babylonian thought was also based on an open - systems ontology which is compatible with ergodic axioms . Logic was employed to some extent in Babylonian astronomy and medicine . </P> <P> Babylonian thought had a considerable influence on early Ancient Greek and Hellenistic philosophy . In particular, the Babylonian text Dialogue of Pessimism contains similarities to the agonistic thought of the sophists, the Heraclitean doctrine of contrasts, and the dialectic and dialogs of Plato, as well as a precursor to the maieutic method of Socrates . The Ionian philosopher Thales was influenced by Babylonian cosmological ideas . </P> <P> Ancient Mesopotamians had ceremonies each month . The theme of the rituals and festivals for each month was determined by at least six important factors: </P> <Ol> <Li> The Lunar phase (a waxing moon meant abundance and growth, while a waning moon was associated with decline, conservation, and festivals of the Underworld) </Li> <Li> The phase of the annual agricultural cycle </Li> <Li> Equinoxes and solstices </Li> <Li> The local mythos and its divine Patrons </Li> <Li> The success of the reigning Monarch </Li> <Li> The Akitu, or New Year Festival (First full moon after spring equinox) </Li> <Li> Commemoration of specific historical events (founding, military victories, temple holidays, etc .) </Li> </Ol>

When did the first cities develop in mesopotamia