<Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <P> Promotion is a chess rule that requires a pawn that reaches its eighth rank to be immediately replaced by the player's choice of a queen, knight, rook, or bishop of the same color . The new piece replaces the pawn on the same square, as part of the same move . The choice of new piece is not limited to pieces previously captured, thus promotion can result in a player owning, for example, two or more queens despite starting the game with one . Pawn promotion, or the threat of it, often decides the result in an endgame . Since the queen is the most powerful piece, the vast majority of promotions are to a queen . Promotion to a queen is often called queening; promotion to any other piece is referred to as underpromotion (Golombek 1977). </P> <P> If the promoted piece is not physically available, FIDE rules state that the player should stop the game clock and summon the arbiter for the correct piece . Under US Chess Federation rules and in casual play, an upside - down rook may be used to designate a queen (Just & Burg 2003: 16--17). </P>

How many queens can you have on a chess board