<P> The remaining four EU member states--Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus and Romania--are obliged to eventually join the Schengen Area . However, before fully implementing the Schengen rules, each state must have its preparedness assessed in four areas: air borders, visas, police cooperation, and personal data protection . This evaluation process involves a questionnaire and visits by EU experts to selected institutions and workplaces in the country under assessment . </P> <P> The only land borders with border controls (not counting temporary ones) between EU / EEA members, are those of Bulgaria, Croatia and Romania (which are expected to be removed), the one at Gibraltar and those at the Channel Tunnel . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> State </Th> <Th> Area (km) </Th> <Th> Population (2016) </Th> <Th> Signed </Th> <Th> Date of first implementation </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Austria </Td> <Td> 7004838710000000000 ♠ 83,871 </Td> <Td> 8,712,137 </Td> <Td> 28 April 1995 </Td> <Td> 1 December 1997 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Belgium </Td> <Td> 7004305280000000000 ♠ 30,528 </Td> <Td> 11,358,379 </Td> <Td> 14 June 1985 </Td> <Td> 26 March 1995 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Czech Republic </Td> <Td> 7004788660000000000 ♠ 78,866 </Td> <Td> 10,610,947 </Td> <Td> 16 April 2003 </Td> <Td> 21 December 2007 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Denmark (excluding Greenland and the Faroe Islands which still have open borders) </Td> <Td> 7004430940000000000 ♠ 43,094 </Td> <Td> 5,711,870 </Td> <Td> 19 December 1996 </Td> <Td> 25 March 2001 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Estonia </Td> <Td> 7004453380000000000 ♠ 45,338 </Td> <Td> 1,312,442 </Td> <Td> 16 April 2003 </Td> <Td> 21 December 2007 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Finland </Td> <Td> 7005338145000000000 ♠ 338,145 </Td> <Td> 5,503,132 </Td> <Td> 19 December 1996 </Td> <Td> 25 March 2001 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> France (excluding overseas departments and collectivities) </Td> <Td> 7005551695000000000 ♠ 551,695 </Td> <Td> 64,720,690 </Td> <Td> 14 June 1985 </Td> <Td> 26 March 1995 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Germany </Td> <Td> 7005357050000000000 ♠ 357,050 </Td> <Td> 81,914,672 </Td> <Td> 14 June 1985 </Td> <Td> 26 March 1995 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Greece </Td> <Td> 7005131990000000000 ♠ 131,990 </Td> <Td> 11,183,716 </Td> <Td> 6 November 1992 </Td> <Td> 1 January 2000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Hungary </Td> <Td> 7004930300000000000 ♠ 93,030 </Td> <Td> 9,753,281 </Td> <Td> 16 April 2003 </Td> <Td> 21 December 2007 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Iceland </Td> <Td> 7005103000000000000 ♠ 103,000 </Td> <Td> 332,474 </Td> <Td> 19 December 1996 18 May 1999 </Td> <Td> 25 March 2001 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Italy </Td> <Td> 7005301318000000000 ♠ 301,318 </Td> <Td> 59,429,938 </Td> <Td> 27 November 1990 </Td> <Td> 26 October 1997 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Latvia </Td> <Td> 7004645890000000000 ♠ 64,589 </Td> <Td> 1,970,530 </Td> <Td> 16 April 2003 </Td> <Td> 21 December 2007 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Liechtenstein </Td> <Td> 7002160000000000000 ♠ 160 </Td> <Td> 37,666 </Td> <Td> 28 February 2008 </Td> <Td> 19 December 2011 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lithuania </Td> <Td> 7004653000000000000 ♠ 65,300 </Td> <Td> 2,908,249 </Td> <Td> 16 April 2003 </Td> <Td> 21 December 2007 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Luxembourg </Td> <Td> 7003258600000000000 ♠ 2,586 </Td> <Td> 575,747 </Td> <Td> 14 June 1985 </Td> <Td> 26 March 1995 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Malta </Td> <Td> 7002316000000000000 ♠ 316 </Td> <Td> 429,362 </Td> <Td> 16 April 2003 </Td> <Td> 21 December 2007 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Netherlands (excluding Aruba, Curaçao, Sint Maarten and the Caribbean Netherlands) </Td> <Td> 7004415260000000000 ♠ 41,526 </Td> <Td> 16,987,330 </Td> <Td> 14 June 1985 </Td> <Td> 26 March 1995 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Norway (excluding Svalbard) </Td> <Td> 7005385155000000000 ♠ 385,155 </Td> <Td> 5,254,694 </Td> <Td> 19 December 1996 18 May 1999 </Td> <Td> 25 March 2001 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Poland </Td> <Td> 7005312683000000000 ♠ 312,683 </Td> <Td> 38,224,410 </Td> <Td> 16 April 2003 </Td> <Td> 21 December 2007 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Portugal </Td> <Td> 7004923910000000000 ♠ 92,391 </Td> <Td> 10,371,627 </Td> <Td> 25 June 1991 </Td> <Td> 26 March 1995 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Slovakia </Td> <Td> 7004490370000000000 ♠ 49,037 </Td> <Td> 5,444,218 </Td> <Td> 16 April 2003 </Td> <Td> 21 December 2007 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Slovenia </Td> <Td> 7004202730000000000 ♠ 20,273 </Td> <Td> 2,077,862 </Td> <Td> 16 April 2003 </Td> <Td> 21 December 2007 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Spain (with special provisions for Ceuta and Melilla) </Td> <Td> 7005510000000000000 ♠ 510,000 </Td> <Td> 46,347,576 </Td> <Td> 25 June 1991 </Td> <Td> 26 March 1995 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sweden </Td> <Td> 7005449964000000000 ♠ 449,964 </Td> <Td> 9,837,533 </Td> <Td> 19 December 1996 </Td> <Td> 25 March 2001 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Switzerland </Td> <Td> 7004412850000000000 ♠ 41,285 </Td> <Td> 8,401,739 </Td> <Td> 26 October 2004 </Td> <Td> 12 December 2008 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Schengen Area </Th> <Th> 7006418911100000000 ♠ 4,189,111 </Th> <Th> 7008417597460000000 ♠ 417,597,460 </Th> <Th> 14 June 1985 </Th> <Th> 26 March 1995 </Th> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Th> State </Th> <Th> Area (km) </Th> <Th> Population (2016) </Th> <Th> Signed </Th> <Th> Date of first implementation </Th> </Tr>

What countries are part of the schengen area
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