<P> Notably, the pact served as the legal basis for the concept of a crime against peace . It was for committing this crime that the Nuremberg Tribunal and Tokyo Tribunal tried and executed the top leaders responsible for starting World War II . The interdiction of aggressive war was confirmed and broadened by the United Nations Charter, which provides in article 2, paragraph 4, that "All Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations ." One legal consequence is that it is unlawful to annex territory by force, although other forms of annexation have not been prevented . More broadly, there is now a strong presumption against the legality of using, or threatening, military force against another country . Nations that have resorted to the use of force since the Charter came into effect have typically invoked self - defense or the right of collective defense . </P> <P> Political scientists Oona A. Hathaway and Scott J. Shapiro in 2017 claim: </P> <Dl> <Dd> As its effects reverberated across the globe, it reshaped the world map, catalyzed the human rights revolution, enabled the use of economic sanctions as a tool of law enforcement, and ignited the explosion in the number of international organizations that regulate so many aspects of our daily lives . </Dd> </Dl> <Dd> As its effects reverberated across the globe, it reshaped the world map, catalyzed the human rights revolution, enabled the use of economic sanctions as a tool of law enforcement, and ignited the explosion in the number of international organizations that regulate so many aspects of our daily lives . </Dd>

What political significance did the pact of paris have