<P> In Malaysia, the remedy of habeas corpus is guaranteed by the federal constitution, although not by name . Article 5 (2) of the Constitution of Malaysia provides that "Where complaint is made to a High Court or any judge thereof that a person is being unlawfully detained the court shall inquire into the complaint and, unless satisfied that the detention is lawful, shall order him to be produced before the court and release him". </P> <P> As there are several statutes, for example, the Internal Security Act 1960, that still permit detention without trial, the procedure is usually effective in such cases only if it can be shown that there was a procedural error in the way that the detention was ordered . </P> <P> In New Zealand, habeas corpus may be invoked against the government or private individuals . In 2006, a child was allegedly kidnapped by his maternal grandfather after a custody dispute . The father began habeas corpus proceedings against the mother, the grandfather, the grandmother, the great grandmother, and another person alleged to have assisted in the kidnap of the child . The mother did not present the child to the court and so was imprisoned for contempt of court . She was released when the grandfather came forward with the child in late January 2007 . </P> <P> Issuance of a writ is an exercise of an extraordinary jurisdiction of the superior courts in Pakistan . A writ of habeas corpus may be issued by any High Court of a province in Pakistan . Article 199 of the 1973 Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, specifically provides for the issuance of a writ of habeas corpus, empowering the courts to exercise this prerogative . Subject to the Article 199 of the Constitution, "A High Court may, if it is satisfied that no other adequate remedy is provided by law, on the application of any person, make an order that a person in custody within the territorial jurisdiction of the Court be brought before it so that the Court may satisfy itself that he is not being held in custody without a lawful authority or in an unlawful manner". The hallmark of extraordinary constitutional jurisdiction is to keep various functionaries of State within the ambit of their authority . Once a High Court has assumed jurisdiction to adjudicate the matter before it, justiciability of the issue raised before it is beyond question . The Supreme Court of Pakistan has stated clearly that the use of words "in an unlawful manner" implies that the court may examine, if a statute has allowed such detention, whether it was a colorable exercise of the power of authority . Thus, the court can examine the malafides of the action taken . </P>

What is the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus