<P> Research into an indelible ink was commenced by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR). In the 1950s, M.L. Goel worked on this research at the Chemical Division of the National Physical Laboratory of India . The ink used contains silver nitrate and so, is photo - sensitive . It is stored in amber coloured plastic or brown coloured glass bottles . On application, the ink remains on the fingernail for at least two days . It may last up to a month depending upon the person's body temperature and the environment . </P> <P> Electronic voting machines (EVM) were first used in the 1999 election and became the only method of voting in 2004 . The EVMs save time and report results . A voter - verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) was introduced on 14 August 2013 . The first election to implement the VVPAT was a by - election in the Noksen assembly constituency in Nagaland . In the 2014 general election, VVPAT was operational in 8 constituencies as a pilot project . These included Lucknow, Gandhinagar, Bangalore South, Chennai Central, Jadavpur, Raipur, Patna Sahib and Mizoram constituencies . A slip generated by the VVPT tells voter to which party or candidate their vote has been given, their name, their constituency and their polling booth. . VVPAT has been in news recently (2017), following the demand of Opposition parties to make it mandatory in upcoming elections all over India due to allegations on the government of hacking the EVM . For the voters it is very important to know on how the VVPAT works to enable them cross check whether the vote they have given goes to the right candidate . Here is a brief "At the point when the voter presses the button against the name of the applicant of her / his decision on the EVM unit, the VVPAT unit produces a paper slip, additionally called' ballot slip' . This paper slip contains the name, serial number, and image of the candidate selected by the voter for his vote ." </P> <P> On 27 September 2013, the Supreme Court of India judged that citizens have the right to a negative vote by exercising a "None of the above" (NOTA) option . This was the result of petitioning from the Electoral Commission and the People's Union for Civil Liberties from 2009 . In November 2013, NOTA was introduced in five state elections . </P> <P> India does not provide general absentee voting . On 24 November 2010, the Representation of the People (Amendment) Bill 2010 was gazetted to give voting rights to non-resident Indians but a physical present at the voting booth is still required . </P>

What is the procedure of elections in india