<P> Personal income was at an all - time high, and more dollars were chasing fewer goods to purchase . This was a recipe for economic disaster that was largely avoided because Americans--cajoled daily by their government to do so--were also saving money at an all - time high rate, mostly in War Bonds but also in private savings accounts and insurance policies . Consumer saving was strongly encouraged through investment in war bonds that would mature after the war . Most workers had an automatic payroll deduction; children collected savings stamps until they had enough to buy a bond . Bond rallies were held throughout the U.S. with famous celebrities, usually Hollywood film stars, to enhance the bond advertising effectiveness . Several stars were responsible for personal appearance tours that netted multiple millions of dollars in bond pledges--an astonishing amount in 1943 . The public paid 3⁄4 of the face value of a war bond, and received the full face value back after a set number of years . This shifted their consumption from the war to postwar, and allowed over 40% of GDP to go to military spending, with moderate inflation . Americans were challenged to put "at least 10% of every paycheck into Bonds". Compliance was very high, with entire factories of workers earning a special "Minuteman" flag to fly over their plant if all workers belonged to the "Ten Percent Club". There were seven major War Loan drives, all of which exceeded their goals . </P> <P> The unemployment problem ended with the mobilization for war . Out of a labor force of 54 million, unemployment fell in half from 7.7 million in spring 1940 (when the first accurate statistics were compiled) to 3.4 million in fall 1941 and fell in half again to 1.5 million in fall 1942, hitting an all - time low of 700,000 in fall 1944 . There was a growing labor shortage in war centers, with sound trucks going street by street begging for people to apply for war jobs . </P> <P> Greater wartime production created millions of new jobs, while the draft reduced the number of young men available for civilian jobs . So great was the demand for labor that millions of retired people, housewives, and students entered the labor force, lured by patriotism and wages . The shortage of grocery clerks caused retailers to convert from service at the counter to self - service . With new shorter women clerks replacing taller men, some stores lowered shelves to 5 feet 8 inches (1.73 m). Before the war most groceries, dry cleaners, drugstores, and department stores offered home delivery service . The labor shortage and gasoline and tire rationing caused most retailers to stop delivery . They found that requiring customers to buy their products in person increased sales . </P> <P> Women also joined the workforce to replace men who had joined the forces, though in fewer numbers . Roosevelt stated that the efforts of civilians at home to support the war through personal sacrifice was as critical to winning the war as the efforts of the soldiers themselves . "Rosie the Riveter" became the symbol of women laboring in manufacturing . The war effort brought about significant changes in the role of women in society as a whole . When the male breadwinner returned, wives could stop working . At the end of the war, most of the munitions - making jobs ended . Many factories were closed; others retooled for civilian production . In some jobs women were replaced by returning veterans who did not lose seniority because they were in service . However the number of women at work in 1946 was 87% of the number in 1944, leaving 13% who lost or quit their jobs . Many women working in machinery factories and more were taken out of the work force . Many of these former factory workers found other work at kitchens, being teachers, etc . </P>

As production increased to aid world war ii efforts how was the u.s. economy impacted
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