<P> Kommune 1 or K1 was a commune in West Germany, and was known for its bizarre staged events that fluctuated between satire and provocation . These events served as inspiration for the "Sponti" movement and other leftist groups . In the late summer of 1968, the commune moved into a deserted factory on Stephanstraße in order to reorient . This second phase of Kommune 1 was characterized by sex, music and drugs . Soon, the commune was receiving visitors from all over the world, including Jimi Hendrix . </P> <P> Mánička is a Czech term used for young people with long hair, usually males, in Czechoslovakia through the 1960s and 1970s . Long hair for males during this time was considered an expression of political and social attitudes in communist Czechoslovakia . From the mid-1960s, the long - haired and "untidy" persons (so called máničky or vlasatci (in English: Mops) were banned from entering pubs, cinema halls, theatres and using public transportation in several Czech cities and towns . In 1964, the public transportation regulations in Most and Litvínov excluded long - haired máničky as displeasure - evoking persons . Two years later, the municipal council in Poděbrady banned máničky from entering cultural institutions in the town . In August 1966, Rudé právo informed that máničky in Prague were banned from visiting restaurants of the I. and II . price category . </P> <P> In 1966, during a big campaign coordinated by the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, around 4,000 young males were forced to cut their hair, often in the cells with the assistance of the state police . On 19 August 1966, during a "safety intervention" organized by the state police, 140 long - haired people were arrested . As a response, the "community of long - haired" organized a protest in Prague . More than 100 people cheered slogans such as "Give us back our hair!" or "Away with hairdressers!". The state police arrested the organizers and several participants of the meeting . Some of them were given prison sentences . According to the newspaper Mladá fronta Dnes, the Czechoslovak Ministry of Interior in 1966 even compiled a detailed map of the frequency of occurrence of long - haired males in Czechoslovakia . In August 1969, during the first anniversary of the Soviet occupation of Czechoslovakia, the long - haired youth were one of the most active voices in the state protesting against the occupation . Youth protesters have been labeled as "vagabonds" and "slackers" by the official normalized press . </P> <P> Oz magazine was first published as a satirical humour magazine between 1963 and 1969 in Sydney, Australia, and, in its second and better known incarnation, became a "psychedelic hippy" magazine from 1967 to 1973 in London . Strongly identified as part of the underground press, it was the subject of two celebrated obscenity trials, one in Australia in 1964 and the other in the United Kingdom in 1971 . </P>

The beatnik movement developed in the united states in reaction to which of these (2 points)