<P> Below is the list of people whose names are used in chemical element names . Of the 118 chemical elements, 19 are connected with the names of 20 people . 15 elements were named to honor 16 scientists . Four other elements have indirect connection to the names of non-scientists . On top of this, a 21st person, a 17th scientist, has an implied connection to a 20th element . Only gadolinium and samarium occur in nature (along with gallium). The rest are synthetic . </P> <P> The following 19 elements are connected to the names of people . Seaborg and Oganessian were the only two who were alive at the time of being honored with having elements named after them . The four non-scientists in this table are connected with elements that were not named to honor the individual directly, but rather were named for a place or thing which in turn had been named for these people . Samarium was named for the mineral samarskite from which it was isolated . Americium, berkelium and livermorium were named after places that had been named for them . The cities of Berkeley, California and Livermore, California are the locations of the University of California Radiation Laboratory and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, respectively . There is an implied connection to the naming of the latter element, because Ernest Lawrence is a co-namesake for the Lawrence Livermore Lab along with Robert Livermore, and the lab was singly named after Lawrence for more than a decade before it was renamed to include Livermore's name . Unlike Livermore who was a landowner, Lawrence was a nuclear scientist . So Lawrence's name is listed twice in the table below, with the second listing being parenthetical because of this implication inherent in the lab name, after the element named directly in his honor . Americium is unique in being the only element associated with a person's first name, and not a family name . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan="4"> Element </Th> <Th_colspan="5"> Individual (s) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Z </Th> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> Symbol </Th> <Th> Discovery </Th> <Th> Indirect? </Th> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> Specialty </Th> <Th> Lifespan </Th> <Th> Nationality </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 062! 62 </Td> <Td> Samarium </Td> <Td> Sm </Td> <Td> 1879 </Td> <Td> X </Td> <Td> <P> Samarsky - Bykhovets, Vasili! Vasili Samarsky - Bykhovets </P> </Td> <Td> Mining engineer </Td> <Td> 1803--1870 </Td> <Td> Russian </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 064! 64 </Td> <Td> Gadolinium </Td> <Td> Gd </Td> <Td> 1886 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <P> Gadolin, Johan! Johan Gadolin </P> </Td> <Td> Scientist </Td> <Td> 1760--1852 </Td> <Td> Finnish </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 095! 95 </Td> <Td> Americium </Td> <Td> Am </Td> <Td> 1944 </Td> <Td> X </Td> <Td> <P> Vespucci, Amerigo! Amerigo Vespucci </P> </Td> <Td> Explorer </Td> <Td> 1454--1512 </Td> <Td> Italian </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 096! 96 </Td> <Td> Curium </Td> <Td> Cm </Td> <Td> 1944 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <P> Curie, Marie! Marie Curie Pierre Curie </P> </Td> <Td> Scientist Scientist </Td> <Td> 1867--1934 1859--1906 </Td> <Td> Polish--French French </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 097! 97 </Td> <Td> Berkelium </Td> <Td> Bk </Td> <Td> 1949 </Td> <Td> X </Td> <Td> <P> Berkeley, George! George Berkeley </P> </Td> <Td> Philosopher </Td> <Td> 1685--1753 </Td> <Td> Irish </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 099! 99 </Td> <Td> Einsteinium </Td> <Td> Es </Td> <Td> 1952 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <P> Einstein, Albert! Albert Einstein </P> </Td> <Td> Scientist </Td> <Td> 1879--1955 </Td> <Td> German--American </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 100 </Td> <Td> Fermium </Td> <Td> Fm </Td> <Td> 1952 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <P> Fermi, Enrico! Enrico Fermi </P> </Td> <Td> Scientist </Td> <Td> 1901--1954 </Td> <Td> Italian - American </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 101 </Td> <Td> Mendelevium </Td> <Td> Md </Td> <Td> 1955 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <P> Mendeleev, Dimitri! Dmitri Mendeleev </P> </Td> <Td> Scientist </Td> <Td> 1834--1907 </Td> <Td> Russian </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 102 </Td> <Td> Nobelium </Td> <Td> No </Td> <Td> 1958 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <P> Nobel, Alfred! Alfred Nobel </P> </Td> <Td> Scientist </Td> <Td> 1833--1896 </Td> <Td> Swedish </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 103 </Td> <Td> Lawrencium </Td> <Td> Lr </Td> <Td> 1961 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <P> Lawrence, Ernest! Ernest Lawrence </P> </Td> <Td> Scientist </Td> <Td> 1901--1958 </Td> <Td> American </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 104 </Td> <Td> Rutherfordium </Td> <Td> Rf </Td> <Td> 1964 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <P> Rutherford, Ernest! Ernest Rutherford </P> </Td> <Td> Scientist </Td> <Td> 1871--1937 </Td> <Td> New Zealand--British </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 106 </Td> <Td> Seaborgium </Td> <Td> Sg </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <P> Seaborg, Glenn T.! Glenn T. Seaborg </P> </Td> <Td> Scientist </Td> <Td> 1912--1999 </Td> <Td> American </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 107 </Td> <Td> Bohrium </Td> <Td> Bh </Td> <Td> 1981 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <P> Bohr, Niels! Niels Bohr </P> </Td> <Td> Scientist </Td> <Td> 1885--1962 </Td> <Td> Danish </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 109 </Td> <Td> Meitnerium </Td> <Td> Mt </Td> <Td> 1982 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <P> Meitner, Lise! Lise Meitner </P> </Td> <Td> Scientist </Td> <Td> 1878--1968 </Td> <Td> Austrian - Swedish </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 111 </Td> <Td> Roentgenium </Td> <Td> Rg </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <P> Röntgen, Wilhelm! Wilhelm Röntgen </P> </Td> <Td> Scientist </Td> <Td> 1845--1923 </Td> <Td> German </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 112 </Td> <Td> Copernicium </Td> <Td> Cn </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <P> Copernicus, Nicolaus! Nicolaus Copernicus </P> </Td> <Td> Scientist </Td> <Td> 1473--1543 </Td> <Td> Polish - German </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 114 </Td> <Td> Flerovium </Td> <Td> Fl </Td> <Td> 1998 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <P> Flyorov, Georgy! Georgy Flyorov </P> </Td> <Td> Scientist </Td> <Td> 1913--1990 </Td> <Td> Russian </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 116 </Td> <Td> Livermorium </Td> <Td> Lv </Td> <Td> 2000 </Td> <Td> X (implied) </Td> <Td> <P> Livermore, Robert! Robert Livermore (Ernest Lawrence) </P> </Td> <Td> Land owner (Scientist) </Td> <Td> 1799--1858 (1901--1958) </Td> <Td> American (American) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 118 </Td> <Td> Oganesson </Td> <Td> Og </Td> <Td> 2002 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <P> Oganessian, Yuri! Yuri Oganessian </P> </Td> <Td> Scientist </Td> <Td> 1933--</Td> <Td> Armenian - Russian </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan="4"> Element </Th> <Th_colspan="5"> Individual (s) </Th> </Tr>

Elements that have been named after famous scientists
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