<P> The incorporation of parts of articles and other particles into Greek placenames was common even before the Ottoman period: Navarino for earlier Avarino, Satines for Athines, etc . Similar examples of modern Turkish placenames derived from Greek in this fashion are İzmit, earlier İznikmit, from Greek Nicomedia, İznik from Greek Nicaea ((iz nikea)), Samsun (s'Amison from "se" and "Amisos"), and İstanköy for the Greek island Kos (from is tin Ko). The occurrence of the initial i - in these names, including Istanbul's, is largely secondary epenthesis to break up syllabic consonant clusters, prohibited by the phonotactic structure of Turkish, as seen in Turkish istasyon from French station or ızgara from the Greek schára . </P> <P> İstanbul was the common name for the city in normal speech in Turkish even before the conquest of 1453, but in official use by the Ottoman authorities other names, such as Kostantiniyye, were preferred in certain contexts . Thus, Kostantiniyye was used on coinage up to the late 17th and then again in the 19th century . The Ottoman chancelery and courts used Kostantiniyye as part of intricate formulae in expressing the place of origin of formal documents, such as be-Makam - ı Darü's - Saltanat - ı Kostantiniyyetü'l - Mahrusâtü'l - Mahmiyye . In 19th century Turkish book - printing it was also used in the impressum of books, in contrast to the foreign use of Constantinople . At the same time, however, İstanbul too was part of the official language, for instance in the titles of the highest Ottoman military commander (İstanbul ağası) and the highest civil magistrate (İstanbul efendisi) of the city . İstanbul and several other variant forms of the same name were also widely used in Ottoman literature and poetry . </P> <P> Names other than استانبول (İstanbul) had become obsolete in the Turkish language during the late Ottoman / early republican periods . However, Constantinople was still used when writing the city's name in Latin script . In 1928, the Turkish alphabet was changed from Arabic script to Latin script . After that, Turkey started to urge other countries to use Turkish names for Turkish cities, instead of other transliterations to Latin script that had been used in the Ottoman times . Letters or packages sent to "Constantinople" instead of "Istanbul" were no longer delivered by Turkey's PTT, which contributed to the eventual worldwide adoption of the new name . </P> <P> In English the name is usually written "Istanbul". In modern Turkish the name is written "İstanbul" (dotted i / İ and dotless ı / I being two distinct letters in the Turkish alphabet). </P>

When was the name constantinople changed to istanbul
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