<P> In the 1670s, English planters from Barbados established themselves near what is now Charleston . Settlers built rice plantations in the South Carolina Lowcountry, east of the Atlantic Seaboard fall line . Settlers came from all over Europe . Plantation labor was done by African slaves who formed the majority of the population by 1720 . Another cash crop was the Indigo plant, a plant source of blue dye, developed by Eliza Lucas . </P> <P> Meanwhile, in Upstate South Carolina, west of the Fall Line, was settled by small farmers and traders, who displaced Native American tribes westward . Colonists overthrew the proprietors' (absentee English landowners) rule, seeing more direct representation . In 1719, the colony was officially made a crown colony . In 1729 North Carolina was split off into a separate colony . </P> <P> Southern Carolina prospered from the fertility of the Low Country and the harbors, such as that at Charleston . It allowed religious toleration, encouraging Settlements spread, and trade in deerskin, lumber, and beef thrived . Rice cultivation was developed on a large scale . </P> <P> By the second half of the 1700s South Carolina was one of the richest of what were about to become the Thirteen Colonies . </P>

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