<P> As for East Africa, extensive British settlements were established in what are now Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe, where English became a crucial language of the government, education and the law . From the early 1960s, the six countries achieved independence in succession; but English remained the official language and had large numbers of second language speakers in Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe and Malawi (along with Chewa). </P> <P> English was formally introduced to the sub-continent of South Asia (India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal and Bhutan) during the second half of the eighteenth century . In India, English was given status through the implementation of Macaulay' Minute' of 1835, which proposed the introduction of an English educational system in India . Over time, the process of' Indianisation' led to the development of a distinctive national character of English in the Indian sub-continent . </P> <P> British influence in South - East Asia and the South Pacific began in the late eighteenth century, involving primarily the territories now known as Singapore, Malaysia and Hong Kong . Papua New Guinea, also a British protectorate, exemplified the English - based pidgin - Tok Pisin . </P> <P> The Americans came late in South - East Asia but their influence spread like wildfire as their reforms on education in the Philippines progressed in their less than half a century colonization of the islands . English has been taught since the American period and is one of the official languages of the Philippines . Ever since English became the official language, a localized variety gradually emerged - Philippine English . Lately, linguist Wilkinson Daniel Wong Gonzales argued that this variety has in itself more varieties, suggesting that we move towards Philippine Englishes paradigm to progress further in Schneider's dynamic model after gathering evidences of such happening . </P>

Solidfying connections to the greater circle of world englishes outside asean