<P> The transition to independence in many postcolonial countries is often fraught with political and ethnic tensions . In Rwanda and neighbouring Burundi, the move from colonial to independent rule led to violence . Racialised policies under colonial rule led to rivalries between ethnic groups and was a major contributor to the 1994 Rwandan Genocide . The first Presidential election in Rwanda, 1962 was won by Grégoire Kayibanda, leader of the Parti du Mouvement de l'Emancipation du Peuple Hutu (Party for Hutu Emancipation) which sustained the backbone of his government policy . Following this, many Tutsis left the country as they became increasingly ostracised in Rwandan society . There had always been tensions between the Hutus and Tutsis, but the animosity between them grew substantially under Rwanda's transition to independence and many serious Hutu - Tutsi conflicts ensued . </P> <P> This table is the arranged by the earliest date of independence in this graph; 58 countries have seceded . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Th> Colonial name </Th> <Th> Colonial power </Th> <Th> Independence date </Th> <Th> First head of government </Th> <Th> Independence won through </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Union of South Africa </Td> <Td> Cape Colony Colony of Natal Orange River Colony Transvaal Colony </Td> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> <Td> 31 May 1910 </Td> <Td> Louis Botha </Td> <Td> South Africa Act 1909 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kingdom of Egypt </Td> <Td> Sultanate of Egypt </Td> <Td> 28 February 1922 </Td> <Td> Fuad I </Td> <Td> Egyptian Revolution of 1919 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Emirate of Cyrenaica </Td> <Td> British Military Administration </Td> <Td> 1 March 1949 </Td> <Td> Idris I </Td> <Td> Western Desert Campaign </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> United Kingdom of Libya </Td> <Td> British Military Administration Military Territory of Fezzan - Ghadames Emirate of Cyrenaica </Td> <Td> United Kingdom French Fourth Republic Emirate of Cyrenaica </Td> <Td> 24 December 1951 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Republic of Sudan </Td> <Td> Anglo - Egyptian Sudan </Td> <Td> United Kingdom Republic of Egypt </Td> <Td> 1 January 1956 </Td> <Td> Ismail al - Azhari </Td> <Td> Egyptian Revolution of 1952 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kingdom of Tunisia </Td> <Td> French Protectorate of Tunisia </Td> <Td> French Fourth Republic </Td> <Td> 20 March 1956 </Td> <Td> Muhammad VIII al - Amin Habib Bourguiba </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Morocco </Td> <Td> French Protectorate in Morocco Tangier International Zone Spanish Protectorate in Morocco Spanish West Africa Ifni </Td> <Td> French Fourth Republic Francoist Spain </Td> <Td> 2 March 1956 7 April 1956 10 April 1958 4 January 1969 </Td> <Td> Mohammed V </Td> <Td> Ifni War </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ghana </Td> <Td> Gold Coast </Td> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> <Td> 6 March 1957 </Td> <Td> Kwame Nkrumah </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Guinea </Td> <Td> French West Africa </Td> <Td> French Fourth Republic </Td> <Td> 2 October 1958 </Td> <Td> Sékou Touré </Td> <Td> Guinean constitutional referendum, 1958 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cameroon </Td> <Td> French Cameroons British Cameroons </Td> <Td> France United Kingdom </Td> <Td> 1 January 1960 1 June 1961 1 October 1961 </Td> <Td> Ahmadou Ahidjo </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Togo </Td> <Td> French Togoland </Td> <Td> France </Td> <Td> 27 April 1960 </Td> <Td> Sylvanus Olympio </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mali </Td> <Td> French West Africa </Td> <Td> 20 June 1960 </Td> <Td> Modibo Keita </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Senegal </Td> <Td> Léopold Senghor </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Malagasy Republic </Td> <Td> French Madagascar </Td> <Td> 26 June 1960 </Td> <Td> Philibert Tsiranana </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Republic of the Congo </Td> <Td> Belgian Congo </Td> <Td> Belgium </Td> <Td> 30 June 1960 </Td> <Td> Patrice Lumumba </Td> <Td> Belgo - Congolese Round Table Conference </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Somali Republic </Td> <Td> British Somaliland Trust Territory of Somaliland </Td> <Td> United Kingdom Italy </Td> <Td> 26 June 1960 1 July 1960 </Td> <Td> Aden Abdullah Osman Daar </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Republic of Dahomey </Td> <Td> French West Africa </Td> <Td> France </Td> <Td> 1 August 1960 </Td> <Td> Hubert Maga </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Niger </Td> <Td> 3 August 1960 </Td> <Td> Hamani Diori </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Upper Volta </Td> <Td> 5 August 1960 </Td> <Td> Maurice Yaméogo </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ivory Coast </Td> <Td> 7 August 1960 </Td> <Td> Félix Houphouët - Boigny </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chad </Td> <Td> French Equatorial Africa </Td> <Td> 11 August 1960 </Td> <Td> François Tombalbaye </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Central African Republic </Td> <Td> 13 August 1960 </Td> <Td> David Dacko </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Republic of the Congo </Td> <Td> 15 August 1960 </Td> <Td> Fulbert Youlou </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Gabon </Td> <Td> 17 August 1960 </Td> <Td> Léon M'ba </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Nigeria </Td> <Td> Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria British Cameroons </Td> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> <Td> 1 October 1960 1 June 1961 1 October 1961 </Td> <Td> Nnamdi Azikiwe </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mauritania </Td> <Td> French Equatorial Africa </Td> <Td> France </Td> <Td> 28 November 1960 </Td> <Td> Moktar Ould Daddah </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sierra Leone </Td> <Td> Colony and Protectorate of Sierra Leone </Td> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> <Td> 27 April 1961 </Td> <Td> Milton Margai </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tanganyika </Td> <Td> Tanganyika Territory </Td> <Td> 9 December 1961 </Td> <Td> Julius Nyerere </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kingdom of Burundi </Td> <Td> Ruanda - Urundi </Td> <Td> Belgium </Td> <Td> 1 July 1962 </Td> <Td> Mwambutsa IV of Burundi </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Republic of Rwanda </Td> <Td> Grégoire Kayibanda </Td> <Td> Rwandan Revolution </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Algeria </Td> <Td> French Algeria </Td> <Td> France </Td> <Td> 3 July 1962 </Td> <Td> Ahmed Ben Bella </Td> <Td> Algerian War </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Uganda </Td> <Td> Protectorate of Uganda </Td> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> <Td> 9 October 1962 </Td> <Td> Milton Obote </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kenya </Td> <Td> Colony and Protectorate of Kenya </Td> <Td> 12 December 1963 </Td> <Td> Jomo Kenyatta </Td> <Td> Mau Mau Uprising </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sultanate of Zanzibar </Td> <Td> Sultanate of Zanzibar </Td> <Td> 10 December 1963 </Td> <Td> Jamshid bin Abdullah </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Malawi </Td> <Td> Nyasaland </Td> <Td> 6 July 1964 </Td> <Td> Hastings Kamuzu Banda </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Zambia </Td> <Td> Northern Rhodesia </Td> <Td> 24 October 1964 </Td> <Td> Kenneth Kaunda </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> The Gambia </Td> <Td> Gambia Colony and Protectorate </Td> <Td> 18 February 1965 </Td> <Td> Dawda Kairaba Jawara </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rhodesia Zimbabwe </Td> <Td> Southern Rhodesia </Td> <Td> 11 November 1965 17 April 1980 </Td> <Td> Ian Smith Robert Mugabe </Td> <Td> Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence Lancaster House Agreement </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Botswana </Td> <Td> Bechuanaland Protectorate </Td> <Td> 30 September 1966 </Td> <Td> Seretse Khama </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kingdom of Lesotho </Td> <Td> Territory of Basutoland </Td> <Td> 4 October 1966 </Td> <Td> Leabua Jonathan </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mauritius </Td> <Td> Mauritius </Td> <Td> 12 March 1968 </Td> <Td> Veerasamy Ringadoo </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Swaziland </Td> <Td> Swaziland </Td> <Td> 6 September 1968 </Td> <Td> Sobhuza II </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Republic of Equatorial Guinea </Td> <Td> Spanish Territories of the Gulf of Guinea </Td> <Td> Francoist Spain </Td> <Td> 12 October 1968 </Td> <Td> Francisco Macías Nguema </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Guinea - Bissau </Td> <Td> Overseas Province of Guinea </Td> <Td> Portugal </Td> <Td> 24 September 1973 </Td> <Td> Luís Cabral </Td> <Td> Guinea - Bissau War of Independence </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> People's Republic of Mozambique </Td> <Td> State of Mozambique </Td> <Td> 25 June 1975 </Td> <Td> Samora Machel </Td> <Td> Mozambican War of Independence </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Republic of Cape Verde </Td> <Td> Overseas Province of Cape Verde </Td> <Td> 5 July 1975 </Td> <Td> Aristides Pereira </Td> <Td> Guinea - Bissau War of Independence </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Union of the Comoros </Td> <Td> French Comoros </Td> <Td> France </Td> <Td> 6 July 1975 </Td> <Td> Ahmed Abdallah </Td> <Td> Comorian independence referendum, 1974 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> São Tomé and Príncipe </Td> <Td> Overseas Province of São Tomé and Príncipe </Td> <Td> Portugal </Td> <Td> 12 July 1975 </Td> <Td> Manuel Pinto da Costa </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> People's Republic of Angola </Td> <Td> State of Angola </Td> <Td> 11 November 1975 </Td> <Td> Agostinho Neto </Td> <Td> Angolan War of Independence </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Republic of Seychelles </Td> <Td> Seychelles </Td> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> <Td> 29 June 1976 </Td> <Td> James Richard Marie Mancham </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Republic of Djibouti </Td> <Td> French Territory of the Afars and the Issas </Td> <Td> French Fifth Republic </Td> <Td> 27 June 1977 </Td> <Td> Hassan Gouled Aptidon </Td> <Td> Afars and Issas independence referendum, 1977 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic </Td> <Td> Spanish Sahara Southern Provinces </Td> <Td> Francoist Spain Morocco </Td> <Td> 27 February 1976 independence not yet effectuated </Td> <Td> El - Ouali Mustapha Sayed Mohamed Abdelaziz </Td> <Td> Western Sahara War Western Sahara conflict </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Th> Colonial name </Th> <Th> Colonial power </Th> <Th> Independence date </Th> <Th> First head of government </Th> <Th> Independence won through </Th> </Tr>

When did the majority of african countries gain independence
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