<P> Renal glucose reabsorption is the part of kidney (renal) physiology that deals with the retrieval of filtered glucose, preventing it from disappearing from the body through the urine . </P> <P> If glucose is not reabsorbed by the kidney, it appears in the urine, in a condition known as glucosuria . This is associated with diabetes mellitus . </P> <P> Firstly, the glucose in the proximal tubule is co-transported with sodium ions into the proximal convoluted tubule walls via the SGLT2 cotransporter . Some (typically smaller) amino acids are also transported in this way . Once in the tubule wall, the glucose and amino acids diffuse directly into the blood capillaries along a concentration gradient . This blood is flowing, so the gradient is maintained . Lastly, sodium / potassium ion active transport pumps remove sodium from the tubule wall and the sodium is put back into the blood . This maintains a sodium concentration gradient in the proximal tubule lining, so the first step continues to happen . </P> <P> Gliflozins such as canagliflozin inhibit renal glucose reabsorption, and are used in diabetes mellitus to lower blood glucose . </P>

Where does primary active transport of sodium occur in the proximal convoluted tubule cells