<P> In his history of the pre-Nazi Freikorps paramilitary organizations, Vanguard of Nazism, historian Robert G.L. Waite describes some of the emotional effects of World War I on German troops, and refers to a phrase he attributes to Goering: men who could not become "de-brutalized". </P> <P> The Finnish attitudes to "war neurosis" were especially tough . Psychiatrist Harry Federley, who was the head of the Military Medicine, considered shell shock as a sign of weak character and lack of moral fibre . His treatment for war neurosis was simple: the patients were to be bullied and harassed until they returned to front line service . </P> <P> Earlier, during the Winter War, several Finnish machine gun operators on the Karelian Isthmus theatre became mentally unstable after repelling several unsuccessful Soviet human wave assaults on fortified Finnish positions . </P> <P> Simplicity was added to the PIE principles by the Israelis: in their view, treatment should be brief, supportive, and could be provided by those without sophisticated training . </P>

The symptoms of combat operational stress reaction (cosr) are similar to