<Tr> <Td> Federal Circuit </Td> <Td> Chief Justice Roberts </Td> </Tr> <P> Four of the current justices are assigned to circuits on which they previously sat as circuit judges: Chief Justice Roberts (D.C. Circuit), Justice Breyer (First Circuit), Justice Alito (Third Circuit), and Justice Kennedy (Ninth Circuit). </P> <P> A term of the Supreme Court commences on the first Monday of each October, and continues until June or early July of the following year . Each term consists of alternating periods of around two weeks known as "sittings" and "recesses ." Justices hear cases and deliver rulings during sittings; they discuss cases and write opinions during recesses . </P> <P> Nearly all cases come before the court by way of petitions for writs of certiorari, commonly referred to as "cert". The Court may review any case in the federal courts of appeals "by writ of certiorari granted upon the petition of any party to any civil or criminal case ." Court may only review "final judgments rendered by the highest court of a state in which a decision could be had" if those judgments involve a question of federal statutory or constitutional law . The party that appealed to the Court is the petitioner and the non-mover is the respondent . All case names before the Court are styled petitioner v. respondent, regardless of which party initiated the lawsuit in the trial court . For example, criminal prosecutions are brought in the name of the state and against an individual, as in State of Arizona v. Ernesto Miranda . If the defendant is convicted, and his conviction then is affirmed on appeal in the state supreme court, when he petitions for cert the name of the case becomes Miranda v. Arizona . </P>

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