<P> In his 1562 narrative poem The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet, Arthur Brooke translated Boaistuau faithfully but adjusted it to reflect parts of Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde . There was a trend among writers and playwrights to publish works based on Italian novelles--Italian tales were very popular among theatre - goers--and Shakespeare may well have been familiar with William Painter's 1567 collection of Italian tales titled Palace of Pleasure . This collection included a version in prose of the Romeo and Juliet story named "The goodly History of the true and constant love of Romeo and Juliett". Shakespeare took advantage of this popularity: The Merchant of Venice, Much Ado About Nothing, All's Well That Ends Well, Measure for Measure, and Romeo and Juliet are all from Italian novelle . Romeo and Juliet is a dramatisation of Brooke's translation, and Shakespeare follows the poem closely but adds extra detail to both major and minor characters (in particular the Nurse and Mercutio). </P> <P> Christopher Marlowe's Hero and Leander and Dido, Queen of Carthage, both similar stories written in Shakespeare's day, are thought to be less of a direct influence, although they may have helped create an atmosphere in which tragic love stories could thrive . </P> <P> It is unknown when exactly Shakespeare wrote Romeo and Juliet . Juliet's nurse refers to an earthquake she says occurred 11 years ago . This may refer to the Dover Straits earthquake of 1580, which would date that particular line to 1591 . Other earthquakes--both in England and in Verona--have been proposed in support of the different dates . But the play's stylistic similarities with A Midsummer Night's Dream and other plays conventionally dated around 1594--95, place its composition sometime between 1591 and 1595 . One conjecture is that Shakespeare may have begun a draft in 1591, which he completed in 1595 . </P> <P> Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet was published in two quarto editions prior to the publication of the First Folio of 1623 . These are referred to as Q1 and Q2 . The first printed edition, Q1, appeared in early 1597, printed by John Danter . Because its text contains numerous differences from the later editions, it is labelled a so - called' bad quarto'; the 20th - century editor T.J.B. Spencer described it as "a detestable text, probably a reconstruction of the play from the imperfect memories of one or two of the actors", suggesting that it had been pirated for publication . An alternative explanation for Q1's shortcomings is that the play (like many others of the time) may have been heavily edited before performance by the playing company . However,' the theory, formulated by (Alfred) Pollard," that the' bad quarto' was "reconstructed from memory by some of the actors is now under attack . Alternative theories are that some or all of' the bad quartos' are early versions by Shakespeare or abbreviations made either for Shakespeare's company or for other companies ." In any event, its appearance in early 1597 makes 1596 the latest possible date for the play's composition . </P>

When did william shakespeare write romeo and juliet
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