<P> Santa Anna ordered that the Tejano civilian survivors be allowed to return to their homes in San Antonio . Dickinson and Joe were allowed to travel towards the Anglo settlements, escorted by Ben, a former slave from the United States who served as Mexican Colonel Juan Almonte's cook . Each woman was given $2 and a blanket and was allowed to go free and spread the news of the destruction that awaited those who opposed the Mexican government . Before releasing Joe, Santa Anna ordered that the surviving members of the Mexican Army parade in a grand review, in the hopes that Joe and Dickinson would deliver a warning to the remainder of the Texian forces that his army was unbeatable . </P> <P> When the small party of survivors arrived in Gonzales on March 13 they found Sam Houston, the commander of all Texian forces, waiting there with about 400 men . After Dickinson and Joe related the details of the battle and the strength of Santa Anna's army, Houston advised all civilians to evacuate and then ordered the army to retreat . This was the beginning of the Runaway Scrape, in which much of the population of Texas, including the acting government, rushed to the east to escape the advancing Mexican Army . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> Status in the Alamo </Th> <Th> Birth--Death </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> James L. Allen </Td> <Td> Soldier </Td> <Td> January 2, 1815--April 25, 1901 </Td> <Td> Allen left the Alamo on March 5 . He was the last courier to leave . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Horace Alsbury </Td> <Td> Soldier </Td> <Td> 1805 - 1847 </Td> <Td> When Mexican troops arrived on February 23, Travis sent Alsbury as the first courier . His wife Juana was inside the fortress and later provided John Salmon Ford with her account of the battle . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Juana Navarro Alsbury </Td> <Td> Civilian noncombatant </Td> <Td> December 1808--July 25, 1888 </Td> <Td> Alsbury entered the Alamo for protection at the invitation of her cousin - in - law James Bowie, after her husband, Horace Alsbury, was sent on a scouting mission for the Texian Army . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Jose Maria Arocha </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> Juan Seguin's volunteers . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Simon Arreola </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> Juan Seguin's volunteers . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Jesse B. Badgett </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> 1807 </Td> <Td> He and Samuel A. Maverick were elected February 5 to represent the garrison at the Convention of 1836 which convened March 1 at Washington - on - the - Brazos . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Andrew Barcena </Td> <Td> Soldier </Td> <Td> unknown </Td> <Td> Also known as Andres Barcinas, he and Anselmo Bergara had been part of Seguín's company . They were the first witnesses of the Alamo's fall to arrive in Houston's camp at Gonzales on March 11 . Houston denounced them as Mexican spies and had them arrested, but Barcena fought under Seguín at the Battle of San Jacinto . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Samuel G. Bastain </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> Bastain left February 29 as a courier to reiterate urgency to Gonzales reinforcements, whom he joined en route . On the return trip, they were unable to enter the Alamo . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> John Walker Baylor, Jr . </Td> <Td> Soldier </Td> <Td> December 1813--September 3, 1836 </Td> <Td> According to his family, Baylor left the Alamo as a courier, probably February 25 . He died of complications from wounds suffered at the Battle of San Jacinto . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Anselmo Bergara </Td> <Td> Soldier </Td> <Td> unknown </Td> <Td> He and Andrew Barcena had been part of Seguín's company . Bergara fled when the Mexican troops arrived . They were the first witnesses of the Alamo's fall to arrive in Houston's camp at Gonzales on March 11 . Houston denounced them as Mexican spies and had them arrested . Bergara was sent to attorney general David Thomas in Harrisburg . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bettie </Td> <Td> Civilian noncombatant </Td> <Td> unknown </Td> <Td> Bettie was a black cook for the garrison . When Mexican troops entered the kitchens, Charlie grabbed a young Mexican officer and threatened to kill him unless the soldiers spared his life and Bettie's . Thomas Ricks Lindley speculated that Bettie was a servant in the Veramendi home, where James Bowie, Juana Navarro Alsbury and Gertrudis Navarro lived . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Robert Brown </Td> <Td> Soldier </Td> <Td> b . possibly 1818 </Td> <Td> Brown left as a courier after February 25 . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cesario Carmona </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> Juan Seguin's volunteers . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> María de Jesús Castro also known as María de Jesús Esparza </Td> <Td> Civilian noncombatant </Td> <Td> January 11, 1826--1899 </Td> <Td> Castro was the stepdaughter of defender Gregorio Esparza . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Charlie </Td> <Td> Slave </Td> <Td> unknown </Td> <Td> When Mexican troops entered the kitchens, Charlie grabbed a young Mexican officer and threatened to kill him unless the soldiers spared his life and Bettie's . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Antonio Cruz y Arocha </Td> <Td> Soldier </Td> <Td> unknown </Td> <Td> On February 25, Cruz accompanied Juan Seguin to gather reinforcements . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Matias Curvier </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> Juan Seguin's volunteers . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Alexandro De La Garza </Td> <Td> Soldier </Td> <Td> unknown </Td> <Td> He left as a courier . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Francis L. Desauque </Td> <Td> Soldier </Td> <Td> d . March 27, 1836 </Td> <Td> Desaque left Bexar to obtain provisions for the garrison about February 22 . He died in the Goliad massacre . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Angelina Dickinson </Td> <Td> Civilian noncombatant </Td> <Td> 1834--1869 </Td> <Td> Dickinson was the daughter of defender Almaron Dickinson and his wife Susanna . After the battle, Mexican General Antonio López de Santa Anna offered to adopt her, but Susanna Dickinson refused to give up her child . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Susanna Dickinson </Td> <Td> Civilian noncombatant </Td> <Td> 1814--October 7, 1883 </Td> <Td> Dickinson was the wife of defender Almaron Dickinson . After the battle, Santa Anna sent Dickinson and William Barret Travis's slave Joe to Gonzales to warn the Texian colonists of the dangers of opposing Santa Anna . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Philip Dimmitt </Td> <Td> Captain of a company of soldiers </Td> <Td> 1801--July 8, 1841 </Td> <Td> Dimmitt left the Alamo on February 23 to gather reinforcements . He was captured by a Mexican raiding party in 1841 and committed suicide after being threatened with execution . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lucio Enriques </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> Juan Seguin's volunteers . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ana Salazar Esparza </Td> <Td> Civilian noncombatant </Td> <Td> d . December 12, 1847 </Td> <Td> Esparza was the wife of defender Gregorio Esparza, and the mother of Maria de Jesus Castro and Enrique, Francisco, and Manuel Esparza . After the battle she and her children were allowed to return to their home in San Antonio . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Enrique Esparza </Td> <Td> Civilian noncombatant </Td> <Td> September 1828--December 20, 1917 </Td> <Td> Esparza was the son of defender Gregorio Esparza and Ana Salazar Esparza . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Francisco Esparza </Td> <Td> Civilian noncombatant </Td> <Td> 1833--July 1887 </Td> <Td> Esparza was the son of defender Gregorio Esparza and Ana Salazar Esparza . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Manuel Esparza </Td> <Td> Civilian noncombatant </Td> <Td> October 19, 1830--1886 </Td> <Td> Esparza was the son of defender Gregorio Esparza and Ana Salazar Esparza . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Manuel N. Flores </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> c. 1801 </Td> <Td> Juan Seguin's volunteers . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Salvador Flores </Td> <Td> Soldier </Td> <Td> 1806 </Td> <Td> Flores left with Seguín on February 25 . During the Runaway Scrape, he led a part of Seguín's company in guarding fleeing families . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Petra Gonzales </Td> <Td> Civilian noncombatant </Td> <Td> unknown </Td> <Td> Gonzales may have been an elderly relative of Ana Salazar Esparza . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ignacio Gurrea </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> Juan Seguin's volunteers . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Brigido Guerrero </Td> <Td> Soldier </Td> <Td> b . about 1810 </Td> <Td> Guerrero had deserted the Mexican Army to join the Texians in December 1835 . When he realized the Texians could not prevail at the Battle of the Alamo, he locked himself in a cell and convinced the Mexican Army that he was a prisoner of the Texians . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pedro Herrera </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> Juan Seguin's volunteers . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Benjamin Franklin Highsmith </Td> <Td> Soldier </Td> <Td> September 11, 1817--October 20, 1905 </Td> <Td> Left as a courier, probably just before the siege began . Although he attempted to return to the garrison on March 5, he was chased away by Mexican soldiers . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Joe </Td> <Td> Slave of William B. Travis </Td> <Td> b . 1813 or 1815 </Td> <Td> When the battle commenced, Joe fought alongside Travis . After Travis's death, Joe hid in the chapel . Mexican soldiers assumed him to be a noncombatant . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> John Johnson </Td> <Td> Soldier </Td> <Td> 1800 </Td> <Td> Dispatched as courier February 23 . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> William Johnson </Td> <Td> Soldier </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Byrd Lockhart </Td> <Td> Soldier </Td> <Td> 1782--1839 </Td> <Td> On February 23, Lockhart and Andrew Jackson Sowell were scouting for provisions when the Mexican Army arrived . Fearing that they would be unable to re-enter the Alamo, they went to Gonzales . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Concepcion Losoya </Td> <Td> Civilian noncombatant </Td> <Td> unknown </Td> <Td> Losoya was either the sister or mother of Juana Melton, wife of Alamo quartermaster Eliel Melton, and possibly the mother of defender Toribio Losoya . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Juan Losoya </Td> <Td> Civilian noncombatant </Td> <Td> unknown </Td> <Td> Losoya was the son of Concepcion Losoya . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Samuel Maverick </Td> <Td> Soldier and delegate </Td> <Td> July 23, 1803--September 2, 1870 </Td> <Td> Elected a delegate from the Alamo garrison on Feb. 1 to the March independence convention, left the Alamo garrison on March 2 . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Juana Melton </Td> <Td> Civilian noncombatant </Td> <Td> unknown </Td> <Td> Melton was the wife of Alamo quartermaster Eliel Melton, and either the sister or daughter of Concepcion Losoya . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Antonio Menchaca </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> 1800 </Td> <Td> Juan Seguin's volunteers . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Gerald Navan </Td> <Td> Soldier </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> Dispatched as courier March 3 . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Gertrudis Navarro </Td> <Td> Civilian noncombatant </Td> <Td> November 26, 1816--April 1895 </Td> <Td> Navarro was the sister of Juana Navarro Alsbury . She entered the Alamo for protection at the invitation of her cousin - in - law James Bowie . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Benjamin F. Nobles </Td> <Td> Soldier </Td> <Td> unknown </Td> <Td> Nobles left the Alamo with Dimitt on February 23 . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> William Sanders Oury </Td> <Td> Soldier </Td> <Td> August 13, 1817--March 31, 1887 </Td> <Td> Oury left the Alamo as a courier on February 29 . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Jose Sebastian de Jesus Pacheco "Luciano" </Td> <Td> Soldier </Td> <Td> June 11, 1819--August 25, 1898 </Td> <Td> "Luciano" was recognized for his service as a veteran of the Texas Revolution on February 27, 1875, in his Republic pension claim . An affidavit was signed by Juan Seguin on February 6, 1875, affirming that Luciano was indeed a member of Seguin's company and had entered the Alamo with Seguin himself and Jim Bowie . Luciano was sent by Seguin and William Travis to fetch a trunk from Seguin's rancho . Upon returning, he was unable to reenter the Alamo due to Mexican patrols . Luciano was one of the final three surviving veterans of the Alamo when he died in Graytown, Texas, on August 25, 1898 . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> William Hester Patton </Td> <Td> Captain of a company of soldiers </Td> <Td> b . 1808 </Td> <Td> Patton left the Alamo, likely as a courier . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Alijo Perez Jr . </Td> <Td> Civilian noncombatant </Td> <Td> March 23, 1835--October 21, 1918 </Td> <Td> Perez entered the Alamo with his mother, Juana Navarro Alsbury . Perez was the last living survivor of the Alamo . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Eduardo Ramirez </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> Juan Seguin's volunteers . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ambrosio Rodriguez </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> Juan Seguin's volunteers . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Victoriana de Salina and three children </Td> <Td> Civilian noncombatant </Td> <Td> unknown </Td> <Td> Three daughters accompanied her into the Alamo . Their names and ages are unknown . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sam </Td> <Td> Slave of James Bowie </Td> <Td> unknown </Td> <Td> Sam was spared because he was a slave . Historian Walter Lord believed that Sam did not exist and that contemporaries actually meant Ben, a former slave who served as Mexican Colonel Juan Almonte's cook and later guided Susanna Dickinson from San Antonio . Thomas Ricks Lindley speculated that Sam was actually a servant at the Veramendi home, where James Bowie, Juana Navarro Alsbury, and Gertrudis Navarro lived . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Trinidad Saucedo </Td> <Td> Civilian noncombatant </Td> <Td> b . 1809 </Td> <Td> Saucedo may have accompanied Juana Navarro Alsbury into the Alamo . She left during a three - day armistice . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Juan Seguin </Td> <Td> Captain of a cavalry company </Td> <Td> October 27, 1806--August 27, 1890 </Td> <Td> Seguin left on February 25 to recruit reinforcements . After encountering a Mexican patrol he pretended to be an officer in the Mexican Army . When he neared the soldiers he spurred his horse and used his knowledge of the terrain to escape . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Silvero </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> Juan Seguin's volunteers . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> John William Smith </Td> <Td> Scout </Td> <Td> March 4, 1792--January 12, 1845 </Td> <Td> Smith first left the Alamo on February 23 with one of Travis's first pleas for help . On March 1 he guided the 32 reinforcements from Gonzales into the Alamo, and left again on March 3 with another message from Travis . He was returning to San Antonio with 25 reinforcements when the Alamo fell . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Launcelot Smither </Td> <Td> Soldier </Td> <Td> 1800--September 11, 1842 </Td> <Td> Left on February 23, possibly as an official courier . He was later killed by members of Mexican General Adrián Woll's force . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Andrew Jackson Sowell </Td> <Td> Soldier </Td> <Td> June 17, 1815--January 4, 1883 </Td> <Td> On February 23, Sowell and Boyd Lockhart were scouting for provisions when the Mexican Army arrived . Fearing that they would be unable to re-enter the Alamo, they went to Gonzales . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> John Sutherland, Jr . </Td> <Td> Soldier </Td> <Td> May 11, 1792--April 11, 1867 </Td> <Td> Historians disagree on whether Sutherland was ever present at the Alamo . If he was, he left as a courier on February 23 . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Henry Warnell </Td> <Td> Soldier </Td> <Td> 1812--June 1836 </Td> <Td> Historians disagree on whether Warnell was at the Alamo . The historians who place Warnell in the Alamo believe Warnell either escaped during the battle on March 6 or that he left as a courier . Warnell died in Port Lavaca, Texas of wounds incurred either during the final battle or during his escape as a courier . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Vicente Zepeda </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> Juan Seguin's volunteers . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> Status in the Alamo </Th> <Th> Birth--Death </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr>

Who was the only survivor of the alamo
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