<P> The Han court received tributary submission from the Xiongnu leader Huhanye (呼 韓 邪) (r . 58--31 BC), an important rival to Zhizhi Chanyu (r . 56--36 BC, died at the Battle of Zhizhi). Huhanye's tribute, exchange of hostages, and presence at Chang'an in the New Year of 51 BC were rewarded with the following gifts from the emperor: 5 kg (160 ozt) of gold, 200,000 coins, 77 suits of clothes, 8,000 bales of silk fabric, 1,500 kg (3,300 lb) of silk floss, 15 horses, and 680,000 l (19,000 US bu) of grain . However, this is the only occurrence of rewarded gifts that present materials other than fabric . As shown in the table below, based upon Yü Ying - shih's "Han Foreign Relations" (1986), the gifts consisted only silk after 51 BC, and the Xiongnu leader's political submission was guaranteed only for as long as the Han could provide him with ever - greater amounts of imperial largesse of silk with each succeeding visit to the Chinese court . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan="3"> Imperial Han gifts received by the Xiongnu Chanyu during trips of homage to the Han court in Chang'an </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Year (BC) </Th> <Th> Silk floss (measured in catties) </Th> <Th> Silk fabric (measured in bales) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 51 </Td> <Td> 1,500 </Td> <Td> 8,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 49 </Td> <Td> 2,000 </Td> <Td> 9,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 33 </Td> <Td> 4,000 </Td> <Td> 18,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 25 </Td> <Td> 5,000 </Td> <Td> 20,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7,500 </Td> <Td> 30,000 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan="3"> Imperial Han gifts received by the Xiongnu Chanyu during trips of homage to the Han court in Chang'an </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Year (BC) </Th> <Th> Silk floss (measured in catties) </Th> <Th> Silk fabric (measured in bales) </Th> </Tr>

How did han rulers strengthen the economy and government of china