<Li> Doutrina Christa by St. Francis Xavier in 1557 . </Li> <Li> Tratado contra os erros scismaticos dos Abexins (A Tract against the Schismatic Errors of the Abyssinians) by Gonçalo Rodrigues in 1560 . </Li> <P> The earliest, surviving printed book in India is the Compendio Spiritual Da Vide Christaa (Spiritual Compendium of the Christian life) of Gaspar Jorge de Leão Pereira, the Portuguese Archbishop of Goa . It was printed by Joao Quinquencio in 1561 and re-edited by Manuel de Araujo in 1600, and was embellished with ornate woodcut initials on each opening chapter . This was followed by the printing of Garcia da Orta's Colóquios dos simples e drogas he cousas medicinais da Índia on 10 April 1563 by Joao de Endem . In 1568, the first illustrated cover page (the illustration being done with the relief technique of woodblock) was printed in Goa for the book Constituciones Do Arcebispado De Goa . </P> <P> Another Spaniard to play a major role in the history of printing in India was Joao Gonsalves, who is credited with preparing the first printing types of an Indian script - Tamil . However, since they were not satisfactory, new casts were made in Quilon (Kollam) by Father Joao da Faria . On 20 October 1578, these types were used to print the first book in an Indian language in India (the first Tamil book was printed in Lisbon in 1554 in Romanized Tamil script .) - Henrique Henriques's Doctrina Christam en Lingua Malauar Tamul--Tampiran Vanakam, a Tamil translation of St Francis Xavier's Doutrina Christa . This 16 page book of prayers and catechetical instructions was printed in Quilon . Though no extant copies of the first edition are available, MSS copies dating 1548 - 1614 are preserved in Lisbon and Rome . It should be mentioned here that Henriques was inducted into the Society of Jesus with the express intention of sending him to India to assist Francis Xavier . After the first press, a second press was set up . Not much is known about it save that it belonged to John Quinquencio and John Endem . The third press was set up in the St. Ignatius College, Rachol . Though Devanagari types were cast in 1577, the Christa Purana - an epic poem on the life of Jesus Christ written in the literary form of the Hindu puranas - was published not in Devanagari, but in the Roman script in the College of Rachol (1616 and 1649) and the College of St Paul (1654). This was primarily because of the clumsy shapes of the Devanagari types . In 1626, Diogo Reberio compiled the Vocabulario da lingoa Canarim (A Vocabulary of Konkani language) a Konkani - Portuguese and Portuguese - Konkani dictionary . </P>

Where was the first printing press established in india