<Li> Russula, some members of this genus, such as R. laeta, are edible . </Li> <Li> Sparassis crispa . Also known as "cauliflower mushroom" </Li> <P> There are a number of fungi that are considered choice by some and toxic by others . In some cases, proper preparation can remove some or all of the toxins . </P> <Ul> <Li> Amanita fulva (Tawny Grisette) must be cooked before eating . </Li> <Li> Amanita muscaria is edible if parboiled to leach out toxins, fresh mushrooms cause vomiting, twitching, drowsiness, and hallucinations due to the presence of muscimol . Although present in A. muscaria, ibotenic acid is not in high enough concentration to produce any physical or psychological effects unless massive amounts are ingested . </Li> <Li> Amanita rubescens (The Blusher) must be cooked before eating . </Li> <Li> Coprinopsis atramentaria is edible without special preparation, however, consumption with alcohol is toxic due to the presence of coprine . Some other Coprinus spp . share this property . </Li> <Li> Gyromitra esculenta is eaten by some after it has been parboiled, however, mycologists do not recommend it . Raw Gyromitra are toxic due to the presence of gyromitrin, and it is not known whether all of the toxin can be removed by parboiling . </Li> <Li> Lactarius spp . Apart from Lactarius deliciosus, which is universally considered edible, other Lactarius spp. that are considered toxic elsewhere in the world are eaten in some Eastern European countries and Russia after pickling or parboiling . </Li> <Li> Lepista nuda (Wood Blewit) must be cooked before eating . </Li> <Li> Lepista saeva (Field Blewit, Blue Leg, or Tricholoma personatum) must be cooked before eating . </Li> <Li> Morchella esculenta (Morel) must be cooked before eating . </Li> <Li> Verpa bohemica is considered choice by some--it even can be found for sale as a "morel"--but cases of toxicity have been reported . Verpas contain toxins similar to gyromitrin and similar precautions apply . </Li> </Ul>

What kind of mushrooms can be eaten raw