<P> The Iberian Peninsula has always been associated with the Ebro, Ibēros in ancient Greek and Ibērus or Hibērus in Latin . The association was so well known it was hardly necessary to state; for example, Ibēria was the country "this side of the Ibērus" in Strabo . Pliny goes so far as to assert that the Greeks had called "the whole of Spain" Hiberia because of the Hiberus River . The river appears in the Ebro Treaty of 226 BC between Rome and Carthage, setting the limit of Carthaginian interest at the Ebro . The fullest description of the treaty, stated in Appian, uses Ibērus . With reference to this border, Polybius states that the "native name" is Ibēr, apparently the original word, stripped of its Greek or Latin - os or - us termination . </P> <P> The early range of these natives, which geographers and historians place from today's southern Spain to today's southern France along the Mediterranean coast, is marked by instances of a readable script expressing a yet unknown language, dubbed "Iberian ." Whether this was the native name or was given to them by the Greeks for their residence on the Ebro remains unknown . Credence in Polybius imposes certain limitations on etymologizing: if the language remains unknown, the meanings of the words, including Iber, must also remain unknown . In modern Basque, the word ibar means "valley" or "watered meadow", while ibai means "river", but there is no proof relating the etymology of the Ebro River with these Basque names . In Serbia, there is river Ibar, but there is no proof relating the etymology of the Ebro River with this Serbian river name . </P> <P> The Iberian Peninsula has been inhabited for at least 1.2 million years as remains found in the sites in the Atapuerca Mountains demonstrate . Among these sites is the cave of Gran Dolina, where six hominin skeletons, dated between 780,000 and one million years ago, were found in 1994 . Experts have debated whether these skeletons belong to the species Homo erectus, Homo heidelbergensis, or a new species called Homo antecessor . </P> <P> Around 200,000 BP, during the Lower Paleolithic period, Neanderthals first entered the Iberian Peninsula . Around 70,000 BP, during the Middle Paleolithic period, the last glacial event began and the Neanderthal Mousterian culture was established . Around 37,000 BP, during the Upper Paleolithic, the Neanderthal Châtelperronian cultural period began . Emanating from Southern France, this culture extended into the north of the peninsula . It continued to exist until around 30,000 BP, when Neanderthal man faced extinction . </P>

Who were the first inhabitants of the iberian peninsula
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