<P> The oil and gas industry is usually divided into three major sectors: upstream, midstream, and downstream . The downstream sector is the refining of petroleum crude oil and the processing and purifying of raw natural gas, as well as the marketing and distribution of products derived from crude oil and natural gas . The downstream sector reaches consumers through products such as gasoline or petrol, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel oil, heating oil, fuel oils, lubricants, waxes, asphalt, natural gas, and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as well as hundreds of petrochemicals . </P> <P> Midstream operations are often included in the downstream category and are considered to be a part of the downstream sector . </P>

What's the meaning of upstream and downstream