<Ul> <Li> B. j. kriderii (Krider's red - tailed hawk) In the breeding season, it occurs from southern Alberta, southern Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, and extreme western Ontario south to south - central Montana, Wyoming, western Nebraska, and western Minnesota . In winter, it occurs from South Dakota and southern Minnesota south to Arizona, New Mexico, Texas and Louisiana . This is about the same size as calurus . Wing chord averages 378.9 mm (14.92 in) in males and 411.9 mm (16.22 in). Males and females average 220.9 and 237 mm (8.70 and 9.33 in) in tail length, 85 and 87.9 mm (3.35 and 3.46 in) in tarsal length and 25.6 and 26.8 mm (1.01 and 1.06 in) in culmen length . More authorities than not consider this a color morph of the western red - tails than a subspecies in recent classification, but others do still consider it a valid race . Hybridization is possible and known to occur, most extensively with calurus, but also in the Dakotas and eastern Wyoming with borealis and in Alberta some possible Krider's hybrids with Harlan's hawks have been reported (despite being considerably farther east than Harlan's tend to breed). Krider's hawk is paler than other red - tails, with the head typically white (and the crown invariably so) with somewhat darker nape, variable dark markings about face (sometimes either through eyes, forming a moustache or ear streaks). The upperparts are light brown and upper - wing coverts heavily mottled white, the tail is typically whitish at base otherwise a fairly pale pink - rufous (more rufous than the somewhat similar marked ferruginous hawk, which also rufous "trousers" that are pure white on Krider's). Krider's hawks are distinctly all white underneath with no trace of a belly band, unlike palest harlani . There is much individual variation, which is complicated by possible racial hybridization . One study found males more likely than females to have pure kriderii characteristics . The same study found that Krider's hawks were fully specialized as breeders for the prairie habitat, favoring much more open areas than do other red - tails or especially Harlan's hawks . While wintering Harlan's and Krider's hawks frequently occur in the same general areas, but their habitat preferences there were highly different, Harlan's favoring thickly timbered areas and Krider's in quite grassy open areas . Wintering Krider's also used different and more open habitats than resident red - tails . These authors questioned whether Krider's hawk was once a pure subspecies, similar to the prairie merlin, but following human habitat alterations, calurus and borealis encroached into their breeding ranges and diluted their characteristics . </Li> <Li> B. j. socorroensis, endemic to Socorro Island, Mexico . The wing chord of males can range from 368 to 385 mm (14.5 to 15.2 in), averaging 378.4 mm (14.90 in), and, in females, it ranges from 385 to 415 mm (15.2 to 16.3 in), averaging 412.8 mm (16.25 in). Males and females average 214.1 and 230.4 mm (8.43 and 9.07 in) in tail length, 84.9 and 89.1 mm (3.34 and 3.51 in) in tarsal length and 24.9 and 28.6 mm (0.98 and 1.13 in) in culmen length . One female was found to have weighed 1,260 g (2.78 lb). This race, which is physically fairly similar to calurus, is not recognized by some authorities with a breeding population comprising perhaps fewer than 20 birds . There are some differences from calurus, such as their larger, more robust feet (second only among all races to B. j. hadropus) and much greater sexual dimorphism, which is the most pronounced of any race linearly, averaging a 10.42% when all standard measurements are considered . Furthermore, Socorro hawks tend to average more melantic in overall color, being a duller, darker brown than mainland birds . </Li> <Li> B. j. solitudinus, native to the Bahamas and Cuba . This race is fairly small, intermediate in size between B. j. umbrinus and the nominate (B. j. jamaicensis) found on islands to the respective north and south of this . The wing chord of males can range from 357 to 383 mm (14.1 to 15.1 in), averaging 370 mm (15 in), and, in females, it ranges from 397 to 412 mm (15.6 to 16.2 in), averaging 405.4 mm (15.96 in). Males and females average 221.2 and 251.8 mm (8.71 and 9.91 in) in tail length, 88.5 and 88.3 mm (3.48 and 3.48 in) in tarsal length and 27.2 and 29.8 mm (1.07 and 1.17 in) in culmen length . Like other island races, the validity of this subspecies has been called into question but this race has its defenders as well . Generally, this species appears as a diminutive version of B. j. umbrinus in plumage characteristics but is considerably isolated from that race . </Li> <Li> B. j. umbrinus occurs year - round in peninsular Florida north to as far Tampa Bay and the Kissimmee Prairie south throughout the rest of peninsular Florida down to the Florida Keys . This is a very large race, only B. j. fuertesi averages larger in overall linear dimensions . Although a non-migratory subspecies, its wings are notably longer than those of borealis and umbrinus may be conspicuously larger than the relatively small southern borealis that they overlap with . The wing chord of males can range from 396 to 400 mm (15.6 to 15.7 in), averaging 398.8 mm (15.70 in), and, in females, it ranges from 373 to 432 mm (14.7 to 17.0 in), averaging 408.9 mm (16.10 in). Males and females average 225 and 234 mm (8.9 and 9.2 in) in tail length, 91.1 and 88.9 mm (3.59 and 3.50 in) in tarsal length and 27.2 and 30 mm (1.07 and 1.18 in) in culmen length . Compared to borealis which it replaces, it has a darker back, more similar to the dark brown of calurus . Adults tend to have chestnut to rufous side - patches, multiple tail bars and no barring on the "trousers". A very rare dark morph has been reported . </Li> </Ul> <Li> B. j. kriderii (Krider's red - tailed hawk) In the breeding season, it occurs from southern Alberta, southern Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, and extreme western Ontario south to south - central Montana, Wyoming, western Nebraska, and western Minnesota . In winter, it occurs from South Dakota and southern Minnesota south to Arizona, New Mexico, Texas and Louisiana . This is about the same size as calurus . Wing chord averages 378.9 mm (14.92 in) in males and 411.9 mm (16.22 in). Males and females average 220.9 and 237 mm (8.70 and 9.33 in) in tail length, 85 and 87.9 mm (3.35 and 3.46 in) in tarsal length and 25.6 and 26.8 mm (1.01 and 1.06 in) in culmen length . More authorities than not consider this a color morph of the western red - tails than a subspecies in recent classification, but others do still consider it a valid race . Hybridization is possible and known to occur, most extensively with calurus, but also in the Dakotas and eastern Wyoming with borealis and in Alberta some possible Krider's hybrids with Harlan's hawks have been reported (despite being considerably farther east than Harlan's tend to breed). Krider's hawk is paler than other red - tails, with the head typically white (and the crown invariably so) with somewhat darker nape, variable dark markings about face (sometimes either through eyes, forming a moustache or ear streaks). The upperparts are light brown and upper - wing coverts heavily mottled white, the tail is typically whitish at base otherwise a fairly pale pink - rufous (more rufous than the somewhat similar marked ferruginous hawk, which also rufous "trousers" that are pure white on Krider's). Krider's hawks are distinctly all white underneath with no trace of a belly band, unlike palest harlani . There is much individual variation, which is complicated by possible racial hybridization . One study found males more likely than females to have pure kriderii characteristics . The same study found that Krider's hawks were fully specialized as breeders for the prairie habitat, favoring much more open areas than do other red - tails or especially Harlan's hawks . While wintering Harlan's and Krider's hawks frequently occur in the same general areas, but their habitat preferences there were highly different, Harlan's favoring thickly timbered areas and Krider's in quite grassy open areas . Wintering Krider's also used different and more open habitats than resident red - tails . These authors questioned whether Krider's hawk was once a pure subspecies, similar to the prairie merlin, but following human habitat alterations, calurus and borealis encroached into their breeding ranges and diluted their characteristics . </Li> <Li> B. j. socorroensis, endemic to Socorro Island, Mexico . The wing chord of males can range from 368 to 385 mm (14.5 to 15.2 in), averaging 378.4 mm (14.90 in), and, in females, it ranges from 385 to 415 mm (15.2 to 16.3 in), averaging 412.8 mm (16.25 in). Males and females average 214.1 and 230.4 mm (8.43 and 9.07 in) in tail length, 84.9 and 89.1 mm (3.34 and 3.51 in) in tarsal length and 24.9 and 28.6 mm (0.98 and 1.13 in) in culmen length . One female was found to have weighed 1,260 g (2.78 lb). This race, which is physically fairly similar to calurus, is not recognized by some authorities with a breeding population comprising perhaps fewer than 20 birds . There are some differences from calurus, such as their larger, more robust feet (second only among all races to B. j. hadropus) and much greater sexual dimorphism, which is the most pronounced of any race linearly, averaging a 10.42% when all standard measurements are considered . Furthermore, Socorro hawks tend to average more melantic in overall color, being a duller, darker brown than mainland birds . </Li> <Li> B. j. solitudinus, native to the Bahamas and Cuba . This race is fairly small, intermediate in size between B. j. umbrinus and the nominate (B. j. jamaicensis) found on islands to the respective north and south of this . The wing chord of males can range from 357 to 383 mm (14.1 to 15.1 in), averaging 370 mm (15 in), and, in females, it ranges from 397 to 412 mm (15.6 to 16.2 in), averaging 405.4 mm (15.96 in). Males and females average 221.2 and 251.8 mm (8.71 and 9.91 in) in tail length, 88.5 and 88.3 mm (3.48 and 3.48 in) in tarsal length and 27.2 and 29.8 mm (1.07 and 1.17 in) in culmen length . Like other island races, the validity of this subspecies has been called into question but this race has its defenders as well . Generally, this species appears as a diminutive version of B. j. umbrinus in plumage characteristics but is considerably isolated from that race . </Li>

What are the predators of a red tailed hawk