<P> For some, this meant turning back to the Bible as the source of authority instead of the Catholic Church, for others it was a split from theism altogether . This was the main divisive line between the Reformation and the Renaissance, which dealt with the same basic problems, supported the same science based on reason and empirical research, but had a different set of presuppositions (theistic versus naturalistic). </P> <P> The phrase the "religion of humanity" is sometimes attributed to American Founding Father Thomas Paine, though as yet unattested in his surviving writings . According to Tony Davies: </P> <P> Paine called himself a theophilanthropist, a word combining the Greek for "God", "love", and "humanity", and indicating that while he believed in the existence of a creating intelligence in the universe, he entirely rejected the claims made by and for all existing religious doctrines, especially their miraculous, transcendental and salvationist pretensions . The Parisian "Society of Theophilanthropy" which he sponsored, is described by his biographer as "a forerunner of the ethical and humanist societies that proliferated later"... (Paine's book) the trenchantly witty Age of Reason (1793)... pours scorn on the supernatural pretensions of scripture, combining Voltairean mockery with Paine's own style of taproom ridicule to expose the absurdity of a theology built on a collection of incoherent Levantine folktales . </P> <P> Davies identifies Paine's The Age of Reason as "the link between the two major narratives of what Jean - François Lyotard calls the narrative of legitimation": the rationalism of the 18th - century Philosophes and the radical, historically based German 19th - century Biblical criticism of the Hegelians David Friedrich Strauss and Ludwig Feuerbach . "The first is political, largely French in inspiration, and projects' humanity as the hero of liberty' . The second is philosophical, German, seeks the totality and autonomy of knowledge, and stresses understanding rather than freedom as the key to human fulfilment and emancipation . The two themes converged and competed in complex ways in the 19th century and beyond, and between them set the boundaries of its various humanisms . Homo homini deus est (" The human being is a god to humanity" or "god is nothing (other than) the human being to himself"), Feuerbach had written . </P>

When did human rights became a major international concern course hero