<P> The concept of the Tidal Basin originated in the 1880s to serve both as a visual centerpiece and as a means for flushing the Washington Channel, a harbor separated from the Potomac River by fill lands where East Potomac Park is situated . Peter Conover Hains, an engineering officer in the U.S. Army, oversaw the design and construction . The basin was initially named Twining Lake, in honor of Major William Johnson Twining (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers), Washington DC's first Engineer Commissioner . According to testimony given to a Congressional subcommittee in 1917, it was Major Twining's idea to create a tidal reservoir and use that water to help "flush" the Washington Channel, and the design was carried out by Colonel Hains . A 1917 Army Corps of Engineers map of Washington already shows the basin with the name "Twining Lake". The Tidal Basin which exists today was not laid out until after World War II . It was built in 1949 by the construction firm of Alexander and Repass, which was unusual at that time because Alexander was of African descent and Repass was of European descent . </P> <P> The basin is designed to release 250 million US gallons (950,000 m) of water captured at high tide twice a day . The inlet gates, located on the Potomac side of the basin, allow water to enter the basin during high tide . During this time, the outlet gates, on the Washington Channel side, close to store incoming water and block the flow of water and sediment into the channel . As the tide begins to ebb, the general outflow of water from the basin forces the inlet gates to close . This same force is applied to the outlet gates, which open into the channel . Silt build up is swept away by the extra force of water running from the Tidal Basin through the channel . The gates are maintained as navigable by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, which has recently completed a project to restore the functioning of the gates . </P> <P> The northern lobe of the basin is crossed by the 433 foot (132.0 m) Kutz Memorial Bridge, named in honor of Brigadier General Charles W. Kutz the Commissioner of Engineering for the District of Columbia during the first half of the 20th century, carrying eastbound Independence Avenue traffic in three lanes . The bridge was designed by Paul Cret, begun in 1941, completed 1943 and altered with dedication in 1954 . It is of concrete and steel on pilings, all granite faced . </P> <P> As part of the restoration and redesign of the Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool, completed in 2012, water is pumped from the Tidal Basin to fill the pool . </P>

Who designed the tidal basin bridge in washington dc