<P> Concerned that progress was too slow, in 1991 the tribe filed suit against mining companies for damages and cleanup costs, joined in 1996 by the United States and in 2011 by the state of Idaho . Settlements were reached with major defendants in 2008 and 2011, providing funds to be used in removal of hazardous wastes and restoration of habitat and natural resources . </P> <P> Historically the Coeur d'Alene occupied a territory of 3.5 million acres in present - day northern Idaho, eastern Washington and western Montana . They lived in villages along the Coeur d'Alene, St. Joe, Clark Fork, and Spokane Rivers; as well as sites on the shores of Lake Coeur d'Alene, Lake Pend Oreille, and Hayden Lake . Their native language is Snchitsu'umshtsn, an Interior Salishan language . They are one of the Salish language peoples, which tribes occupy areas of the inland Plateau and the Coastal areas of the Pacific Northwest . </P> <P> French Canadian fur traders in the late 18th or early 19th century referred to these people as the Cœur d'Alène, meaning "heart of an awl ." This referred to the people's shrewdness in trading skills . British traders and later colonists adopted the French term for the people . </P> <P> Historically, the Coeur d' Alene lived in what would become the Panhandle region of Idaho and neighboring areas of what is today eastern Washington and western Montana, occupying an area of more than 3.5 million acres (5,632,704 km2) of grass - covered hills, camas - prairie, forested mountains, lakes, marshes and river habitat . The territory extended from the southern end of Lake Pend Oreille in the north, running along the Bitterroot Range of Montana in the east, to the Palouse and North Fork of the Clearwater River in the south, to Steptoe Butte and up to just east of Spokane Falls in the west . At the center of this region was Lake Coeur d'Alene . The abundant natural resources included trout, salmon, and whitefish . The tribe supplemented hunting and gathering activities by fishing the St. Joe and the Spokane Rivers . They used gaff hooks, spears, nets, and traps and angled for fish . </P>

Where does the name coeur d'alene come from
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