<P> The new constitution established a bicameral Parliament, containing a Senate and a House of Representatives . The office of Governor - General was established as the Queen's representative; initially, this person was considered a representative of the British government . The Constitution also established a High Court, and divided the powers of government between the states and the new Commonwealth government . </P> <P> The site of a federal capital was disputed heavily between the two arch - rivals Sydney and Melbourne; the compromise was that a separate territory (the Australian Capital Territory) would be established within New South Wales to hold a new capital, while Parliament would sit in Melbourne until the new city was constructed . The site eventually chosen for the city became Canberra . </P> <P> The significance of Federation for Australia is such that a number of landmarks, natural and man - made, have been named after it . These include: </P> <Ul> <Li> Federal Highway, between Goulburn, New South Wales and Canberra </Li> <Li> Federation Creek, near Croydon, Queensland </Li> <Li> Federation Peak, Tasmania </Li> <Li> Federation Range, on the Royston River, about 90 kilometres (56 mi) east - northeast of Melbourne, Victoria </Li> <Li> Federation Square, Melbourne, Victoria </Li> <Li> Federation Trail, Melbourne, Victoria </Li> <Li> Federation University, Ballarat, Victoria </Li> </Ul>

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