<P> Phylogenetic analyses of the species' cytochrome b gene and microsatellite data in 2012 indicated that there are four phylogroups of striped skunk . The first emerged from the Texas - Mexico region during the Rancholabrean before the Illinoian glaciation and colonized the southeastern United States . The second, still originating in the Texas - Mexico region, expanded westwards to the Rocky Mountains during the Illinoian glacial period . Two subsequent subclades were formed during the Sangamonian interglacial on either side of the Sierra Nevada . The subclade that colonized the Great Basin later expanded eastwards across the northern Rocky Mountains during the Holocene, recolonising the Great Plains and making contact with the southern phylogroup . A similar, but less significant, secondary contact occurred when the same subclade intermingled with members of the eastern phylogroup east of the Mississippi river . </P> <P> Thirteen subspecies of striped skunk are generally recognized: </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Subspecies </Th> <Th> Skin </Th> <Th> Skull </Th> <Th> Trinomial authority </Th> <Th> Description </Th> <Th> Range </Th> <Th> Synonyms </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada skunk M. m. mephitis <P> (Nominate subspecies) </P> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Schreber, 1776 </Td> <Td> A large subspecies with a short and slender tail and a mixed black and white coat with constant markings . </Td> <Td> Eastern Canada; Nova Scotia, Quebec, and northern Ontario . </Td> <Td> americana (Desmarest, 1818), chinche (Fischer, 1829), mephitica (Saw, 1792), vulgaris (F. Cuvier, 1842) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Illinois skunk M. m. avia </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Bangs, 1898 </Td> <Td> Similar to M. m. mesomelas, but with a slightly larger skull . </Td> <Td> Prairie region of Illinois, western Indiana, and eastern Iowa . </Td> <Td> newtonensis Brown, 1908 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Florida skunk M. m. elongata </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Bangs, 1895 </Td> <Td> A medium - sized subspecies with a very long tail . The white markings are usually very broad . </Td> <Td> Florida to North Carolina, and in the mountains to West Virginia; west on the Gulf coast to the Mississippi River . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Arizona skunk M. m. estor </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Merriam, 1890 </Td> <Td> A small subspecies resembling M. m. varians, but with a shorter tail and smaller skull . The white markings are particularly broad along the back and tail . </Td> <Td> Arizona, western New Mexico, Sonora, Chihuahua, and northern Lower California; south in the Sierra Madre to southern Chihuahua . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Southern California skunk M. m. holzneri </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Mearns, 1898 </Td> <Td> Similar to M. m. occidentalis, but smaller . </Td> <Td> Southern California, from vicinity of Monterey Bay south into Lower California; east to the Sierra Nevada and San Bernardino Range . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Northern Plains skunk M. m. hudsonica </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Richardson, 1829 </Td> <Td> A very large subspecies with a heavily furred, medium - sized tail . </Td> <Td> Western Canada, from Manitoba to British Columbia; south in the United States to Colorado, Nebraska, and Minnesota . </Td> <Td> americana (Lesson, 1865), chinga (Tiedemann, 1808), minnesotoe (Brass, 1911) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Great Basin skunk M. m. major </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Howell, 1901 </Td> <Td> Probably the largest subspecies, similar to M. m. occidentalis, but with longer hind feet and a heavier skull . </Td> <Td> Eastern Oregon, northern California, and Nevada; east to the Wasatch Mountains in Utah . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Louisiana skunk M. m. mesomelas </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Lichtenstein, 1832 </Td> <Td> A very small, short - tailed subspecies . </Td> <Td> West side of Mississippi Valley from southern Louisiana to Missouri; westward along the coast of Texas to Matagorda Island; and up the Red River Valley as far at least as Wichita Falls . </Td> <Td> mesomeles (Gerrard, 1862) <P> scrutator (Bangs, 1896) </P> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Eastern skunk M. m. nigra </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Peale and Palisot de Beauvois, 1796 </Td> <Td> A medium - sized subspecies, with a longer tail than that of M. m. mephitis . </Td> <Td> New England and Middle Atlantic States; south to Virginia; west to Indiana . </Td> <Td> bivirgata (C.E.H. Smith, 1839), dentata (Brass, 1911), fetidissima (Boitard, 1842), frontata (Coues, 1875), olida (Boitard, 1842), putida (Boitard, 1842) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cascade skunk M. m. notata </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Hall, 1936 </Td> <Td> Similar to M. m. occidentalis, but with a shorter tail, heavier skull, and narrower stripes . </Td> <Td> Southern Washington and northern Oregon, east of the Cascades . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> California skunk M. m. occidentalis </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Baird, 1858 </Td> <Td> A large subspecies resembling M. m. hudsonica, but with a longer tail and narrower skull . </Td> <Td> Northern and central California, from the vicinity of Monterey Bay northward, west of the Sierra and Cascades, to the Willamette Valley, Oregon . </Td> <Td> notata (Howell, 1901) <P> platyrhina (Howell, 1901) </P> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Puget Sound skunk M. m. spissigrada </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Bangs, 1898 </Td> <Td> Similar to M. m. occidentalis, but with a shorter tail and more white on the body and tail . </Td> <Td> Shores of Puget Sound and coastal region of Washington and northern Oregon . </Td> <Td> foetulenta Elliot, 1899 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Long - tailed Texas skunk M. m. varians </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Gray, 1837 </Td> <Td> A large, very long - tailed subspecies whose markings closely approach those of M. m. hudsonica . </Td> <Td> Southern and western Texas, eastern New Mexico, and adjacent parts of Mexico; north into Oklahoma, Colorado, Kansas, and Nebraska . </Td> <Td> texana (Low, 1879) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Th> Subspecies </Th> <Th> Skin </Th> <Th> Skull </Th> <Th> Trinomial authority </Th> <Th> Description </Th> <Th> Range </Th> <Th> Synonyms </Th> </Tr>

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