<P> Until 2016, in cases where there is violence beyond the level anticipated, the prosecution had to prove: </P> <Ol> <Li> that an act was done by D that in fact assisted the later commission of the offence, </Li> <Li> that D did the act deliberately, realising that it was capable of assisting the offence, </Li> <Li> that D at the time of doing the act contemplated the commission of the offence by A, i.e. he foresaw it as a "real or substantial risk" or "real possibility", and </Li> <Li> that D when doing the act intended to assist A in what he was doing . </Li> </Ol> <Li> that an act was done by D that in fact assisted the later commission of the offence, </Li> <Li> that D did the act deliberately, realising that it was capable of assisting the offence, </Li>

The doctrine of common purpose in south africa