<P> In 1942, the United Kingdom's Ministry of Aviation began a top - secret project with Miles Aircraft to develop the world's first aircraft capable of breaking the sound barrier . The project resulted in the development of the prototype Miles M. 52 turbojet powered aircraft, which was designed to reach 1,000 mph (417 m / s; 1,600 km / h) (over twice the existing speed record) in level flight, and to climb to an altitude of 36,000 ft (11 km) in 1 minute 30 sec . </P> <P> A huge number of advanced features were incorporated into the resulting M. 52 design, many of which hint at a detailed knowledge of supersonic aerodynamics . In particular, the design featured a conical nose and sharp wing leading edges, as it was known that round - nosed projectiles could not be stabilised at supersonic speeds . The design used very thin wings of biconvex section proposed by Jakob Ackeret for low drag . The wing tips were "clipped" to keep them clear of the conical shock wave generated by the nose of the aircraft . The fuselage had the minimum cross-section allowable around the centrifugal engine with fuel tanks in a saddle over the top . </P> <P> Another critical addition was the use of a power - operated stabilator, also known as the all - moving tail or flying tail, a key to supersonic flight control which contrasted with traditional hinged tailplanes (horizontal stabilizers) connected mechanically to the pilots control column . Conventional control surfaces became ineffective at the high subsonic speeds then being achieved by fighters in dives, due to the aerodynamic forces caused by the formation of shockwaves at the hinge and the rearward movement of the centre of pressure, which together could override the control forces that could be applied mechanically by the pilot, hindering recovery from the dive . A major impediment to early transonic flight was control reversal, the phenomenon which caused flight inputs (stick, rudder) to switch direction at high speed; it was the cause of many accidents and near - accidents . An all - flying tail is considered to be a minimum condition of enabling aircraft to break the transonic barrier safely, without losing pilot control . The Miles M. 52 was the first instance of this solution, and has since been universally applied . </P> <P> Initially, the aircraft was to use Frank Whittle's latest engine, the Power Jets W. 2 / 700, which would only reach supersonic speed in a shallow dive . To develop a fully supersonic version of the aircraft, an innovation incorporated was a reheat jetpipe--also known as an afterburner . Extra fuel was to be burned in the tailpipe to avoid overheating the turbine blades, making use of unused oxygen in the exhaust . Finally, the design included another critical element, the use of a shock cone in the nose to slow the incoming air to the subsonic speeds needed by the engine . </P>

When did the british break the sound barrier