<P> Since the 1980s, presidential candidates have devoted much of their time to the economic concerns of the Rust Belt region, which contains the populous swing states of Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Michigan . Those states were also critical and decisive to Donald Trump's victory in the 2016 US Presidential Election . </P> <P> Different strategies were proposed in order to reverse the fortunes of the former Factory Belt including building casinos and convention centers, retaining the so - called "creative class" through arts and downtown renewal, encouraging the "knowledge" economy type of entrepreneurship, etc . Lately, analysts suggested that industrial comeback might be the actual path for the future resurgence of the region . That includes growing new industrial base with a pool of skilled labor, rebuilding the infrastructure and infrasystems, creating R&D university - business partnerships, and close cooperation between central, state and local government and business . </P> <P> New types of R&D - intensive nontraditional manufacturing have emerged recently in Rust Belt, such as biotechnology, the polymer industry, infotech, and nanotech . Infotech in particular creates a promising venue for the Rust Belt's revitalization . Among the successful recent examples is the Detroit Aircraft Corporation, which specializes in unmanned aerial systems integration, testing and aerial cinematography services . </P> <P> In Pittsburgh, robotics research centres and companies such as National Robotics Engineering Center and Robotics Institute, Aethon Inc., American Robot Corporation, Automatika, Quantapoint, Blue Belt Technologies and Seegrid are creating state - of - the - art robotic technology applications . Akron, a former "Rubber Capital of the World" that lost 35,000 jobs after major tire and rubber manufacturers Goodrich, Firestone and General Tire closed their production lines, is now again well known around the world as a centre of polymer research with four hundred polymer - related manufacturing and distribution companies operating in the area . The turnaround was accomplished in part due to a partnership between Goodyear Tire & Rubber, which chose to stay, the University of Akron and the city mayor's office . The Akron Global Business Accelerator that jump - started a score of successful business ventures in Akron resides in the refurbished B.F. Goodrich tire factory . </P>

Which city is not located in north america’s main manufacturing belt