<P> From Islamic Spain, the Arabic philosophical literature was translated into Hebrew, Latin, and Ladino . The Jewish philosopher Moses Maimonides, Muslim sociologist - historian Ibn Khaldun, Carthage citizen Constantine the African who translated Greek medical texts, and Al - Khwarizmi's collation of mathematical techniques were important figures of the Golden Age . </P> <P> Avicennism and Averroism are terms for the revival of the Peripatetic school in medieval Europe due to the influence of Avicenna and Averroes, respectively . Avicenna was an important commentator on the works of Aristotle, modifying it with his own original thinking in some areas, notably logic . The main significance of Latin Avicennism lies in the interpretation of Avicennian doctrines such as the nature of the soul and his existence - essence distinction, along with the debates and censure that they raised in scholastic Europe . This was particularly the case in Paris, where so - called Arabic culture was proscribed in 1210, though the influence of his psychology and theory of knowledge upon William of Auvergne and Albertus Magnus have been noted . </P> <P> The effects of Avicennism in were later submerged by the much more influential Averroism, the Aristotelianism of Averroes, one of the most influential Muslim philosophers in the West . Averroes disagreed with Avicenna's interpretations of Aristotle in areas such as the unity of the intellect, and it was his interpretation of Aristotle which had the most influence in medieval Europe . Dante Aligheri argues along Averroist lines for a secularist theory of the state in De Monarchia . Averroes also developed the concept of "existence precedes essence". </P> <P> Al - Ghazali also had an important influence on medieval Christian philosopher along with Jewish thinkers like Maimonides . </P>

The muslim world was far advanced over europe in the area of medicine