<P> It is thought that there are several different types of El Niño events, with the canonical eastern Pacific and the Modoki central Pacific types being the two that receive the most attention . These different types of El Niño events are classified by where the tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies are the largest . For example, the strongest sea surface temperature anomalies associated with the canonical eastern Pacific event are located off the coast of South America . The strongest anomalies associated with the Modoki central Pacific event are located near the International Dateline . However, during the duration of a single event, the area with the greatest sea surface temperature anomalies can change . </P> <P> The traditional Niño, also called Eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño, involves temperature anomalies in the Eastern Pacific . However, in the last two decades, nontraditional El Niños were observed, in which the usual place of the temperature anomaly (Niño 1 and 2) is not affected, but an anomaly arises in the central Pacific (Niño 3.4). The phenomenon is called Central Pacific (CP) El Niño, "dateline" El Niño (because the anomaly arises near the dateline), or El Niño "Modoki" (Modoki is Japanese for "similar, but different"). </P> <P> The effects of the CP El Niño are different from those of the traditional EP El Niño--e.g., the recently discovered El Niño leads to more hurricanes more frequently making landfall in the Atlantic . </P> <P> There is also a scientific debate on the very existence of this "new" ENSO . Indeed, a number of studies dispute the reality of this statistical distinction or its increasing occurrence, or both, either arguing the reliable record is too short to detect such a distinction, finding no distinction or trend using other statistical approaches, or that other types should be distinguished, such as standard and extreme ENSO . </P>

Which of the following is not associated with el nino