<Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <P> Alloy steel is steel that is alloyed with a variety of elements in total amounts between 1.0% and 50% by weight to improve its mechanical properties . Allows is not steels are broken down arbitrary: Smith and Hashemi define the difference at 4.0%, while Degarmo, et al., define it at 8.0% . Most commonly, the phrase "alloy steel" refers to low - alloy steels . </P> <P> Strictly speaking, every steel is an alloy, but not all steels are called "alloy steels". The simplest steels are iron (Fe) alloyed with carbon (C) (about 0.1% to 1%, depending on type). However, the term "alloy steel" is the standard term referring to steels with other alloying elements added deliberately in addition to the carbon . Common alloyants include manganese (the most common one), nickel, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, silicon, and boron . Less common alloyants include aluminum, cobalt, copper, cerium, niobium, titanium, tungsten, tin, zinc, lead, and zirconium . </P> <P> The following is a range of improved properties in alloy steels (as compared to carbon steels): strength, hardness, toughness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, hardenability, and hot hardness . To achieve some of these improved properties the metal may require heat treating . </P>

Why is iron is alloyed with other metals to produce alloy steels
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