<P> Fred Donner has argued for an early date for the collection of the Quran, based on his reading of the text itself . He points out that if the Quran had been collected over the tumultuous early centuries of Islam, with their vast conquests and expansion and bloody incidents between rivals for the caliphate, there would have been some evidence of this history in the text . However, there is nothing in the Quran that does not reflect what is known of the earliest Muslim community . </P> <P> In 1972, during the restoration of the Great Mosque of San'a in Yemen, laborers stumbled upon a "paper grave" containing tens of thousands of fragments of parchment on which verses of the Quran were written . Some of these fragments were believed to be the oldest Quranic texts yet found . </P> <P> The latest in History of Quran is the discovery of parchments found by university of Birmingham which have been radio carbon dated . Radiocarbon analysis has dated the parchment on which the text is written to the period between AD 568 and 645 with 95.4% accuracy . The test was carried out in a laboratory at the University of Oxford . The result places the leaves close to the time of the Prophet Muhammad, who is generally thought to have lived between AD 570 and 632 . Researchers conclude that the Qur'an manuscript is among the earliest written textual evidence of the Islamic holy book known to survive . Such scientific discovery leaves little to debate about the authenticity of Quran as a Book compiled sometimes during or immediately after the death of Prophet Muhammad . </P> <P> Skeptical scholars account for the many similarities between the Quran and the Jewish and Hebrew Scriptures by saying that Muhammad was teaching what he believed to be a universal history, as he had heard it from the Jews and Christians he had encountered in Arabia and on his travels - as well as his exposure to the Hanif tradition by way of his paternal - grandfather, Abdul Muttalib . These scholars also disagree with the Islamic belief that the whole of the Quran is addressed by God to humankind . They note that there are numerous passages where God is directly addressed, or mentioned in the third person, or where the narrator swears by various entities, including God . </P>

When was the quran compiled and made into a book