<P> The Washington planners, who included Burnham, Saint - Gaudens, Charles McKim of McKim, Mead, and White, and Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr., visited many of the great cities of Europe . They hoped to make Washington monumental and green like the European capitals of the era; they believed that state - organized beautification could lend legitimacy to government during a time of social disturbance in the United States . The essence of the plan surrounded the United States Capitol with monumental government buildings to replace "notorious slum communities". At the heart of the design was the creation of the National Mall and eventually included Burnham's Union Station . The implementation of the plan was interrupted by World War I but resumed after the war, culminating in the construction of the Lincoln Memorial in 1922 . </P> <P> The success of the City Beautiful philosophy in Washington, D.C., is credited with influencing subsequent plans for beautification of many other cities, including Chicago, Baltimore, Cleveland (The Mall), Columbus (with the axis along State Street from the Ohio State Capitol building east to the Metropolitan Library and west to the Scioto River), Des Moines, Denver, Detroit (the Cultural Center, Belle Isle and Outer Drive), Madison (with the axis from the capitol building through State Street and to the University of Wisconsin campus), Montreal, New York City (notably the Manhattan Municipal Building), Philadelphia (the Benjamin Franklin Parkway museum district between Philadelphia City Hall and the Philadelphia Museum of Art), Pittsburgh (the Schenley Farms district in the Oakland neighborhood of parks, museums, and universities), San Antonio, Texas (San Antonio River development), San Francisco (manifested by its Civic Center), and the Washington State Capitol Campus in Olympia and the University of Washington's Rainier Vista in Seattle . In Wilmington, Delaware, it inspired the creation of Rodney Square and the surrounding civic buildings . In New Haven, John Russell Pope developed a plan for Yale University that eliminated substandard housing and relocated the urban poor to the peripheries . Kansas City, Missouri, and Dallas, Texas, undertook the installation of parkways and parks under the influence of the movement, and Coral Gables, Florida would be an example of a city consistent with the City Beautiful philosophy . </P> <P> Daniel Burnham's 1909 Plan of Chicago is considered one of principal documents of the City Beautiful movement . The plan featured a dynamic new civic center, axial streets, and a lush strip of parkland for recreation alongside the city's lakefront . Of these, only the lakefront park was implemented to any significant degree . </P> <P> In 1913, the City of Chicago appointed a Commission with a mandate to "make Chicago Beautiful ." As part of the plan, the Pennsylvania Union Railroad Depot was to be moved to the west side of the City and replaced with a new modern depot . The West Side Property Owner's Association was among those who objected . As reported by the Chicago Tribune, the Association's attorney, Sidney Adler of Loeb & Adler, said, "As I saw the beautiful picture of the city beautiful we will have fountains in West Madison Street, with poets and poetesses walking along Clinton, and the simple minded residents of the west side, after work is done, will take their gondolas and row on the limpid bosom of the Chicago River idlely strumming guitars ." </P>

What distinguishes the municipal art movement from the city beautiful movement