<P> Britain was very late to develop a Renaissance style and most artists of the Tudor court were imported foreigners, usually from the Low countries, including Hans Holbein the Younger, who died in England . One exception was the portrait miniature, which artists including Nicholas Hilliard developed into a distinct genre, well before it became popular in the rest of Europe . Renaissance art in Scotland was similarly dependent on imported artists, and largely restricted to the court . </P> <P> Renaissance artists painted a wide variety of themes . Religious altarpieces, fresco cycles, and small works for private devotion were very popular . For inspiration, painters in both Italy and northern Europe frequently turned to Jacobus de Voragine's Golden Legend (1260), a highly influential source book for the lives of saints that had already had a strong influence on Medieval artists . The rebirth of classical antiquity and Renaissance humanism also resulted in many Mythological and history paintings . Ovidian stories, for example, were very popular . Decorative ornament, often used in painted architectural elements, was especially influenced by classical Roman motifs . </P> <Ul> <Li> the use of proportion--The first major treatment of the painting as a window into space appeared in the work of Giotto di Bondone, at the beginning of the 14th century . True linear perspective was formalized later, by Filippo Brunelleschi and Leon Battista Alberti . In addition to giving a more realistic presentation of art, it moved Renaissance painters into composing more paintings . </Li> <Li> foreshortening--The term foreshortening refers to the artistic effect of shortening lines in a drawing so as to create an illusion of depth . </Li> <Li> sfumato--The term sfumato was coined by Italian Renaissance artist, Leonardo da Vinci, and refers to a fine art painting technique of blurring or softening of sharp outlines by subtle and gradual blending of one tone into another through the use of thin glazes to give the illusion of depth or three - dimensionality . This stems from the Italian word sfumare meaning to evaporate or to fade out . The Latin origin is fumare, to smoke . </Li> <Li> chiaroscuro--The term chiaroscuro refers to the fine art painting modeling effect of using a strong contrast between light and dark to give the illusion of depth or three - dimensionality . This comes from the Italian words meaning light (chiaro) and dark (scuro), a technique which came into wide use in the Baroque Period . </Li> </Ul> <Li> the use of proportion--The first major treatment of the painting as a window into space appeared in the work of Giotto di Bondone, at the beginning of the 14th century . True linear perspective was formalized later, by Filippo Brunelleschi and Leon Battista Alberti . In addition to giving a more realistic presentation of art, it moved Renaissance painters into composing more paintings . </Li>

Mention two outstanding features of the renaissance art