<P> Vegetable oils and animal fats are the traditional materials that are saponified . These greasy materials, triesters called triglycerides, are mixtures derived from diverse fatty acids . Triglycerides can be converted to soap in either a one - or a two - step process . In the traditional one - step process, the triglyceride is treated with a strong base (e.g., lye), which cleaves the ester bond, releasing fatty acid salts (soaps) and glycerol . This process is also the main industrial method for producing glycerol . In some soap - making, the glycerol is left in the soap . If necessary, soaps may be precipitated by salting it out with sodium chloride . </P> <P> The conversion of the fat of a corpse into adipocere, often called "grave wax". This process is more common where the amount of fatty tissue is high and the agents of decomposition are absent or only minutely present . </P> <P> The saponification value is the amount of base required to saponify a fat sample . Soap makers formulate their recipes with a small deficit of lye, to account for the unknown deviation of saponification value between their oil batch and laboratory averages . </P> <P> The hydroxide anion adds to (or "attacks") the carbonyl group of the ester . The immediate product is called an orthoester: </P>

Define saponification write a chemical equation for it