<Li> Dynamic pressures, i.e., drag exerted by the blast winds required to form the blast wave . These winds push, tumble and tear objects . </Li> <P> Most of the material damage caused by a nuclear air burst is caused by a combination of the high static overpressures and the blast winds . The long compression of the blast wave weakens structures, which are then torn apart by the blast winds . The compression, vacuum and drag phases together may last several seconds or longer, and exert forces many times greater than the strongest hurricane . </P> <P> Acting on the human body, the shock waves cause pressure waves through the tissues . These waves mostly damage junctions between tissues of different densities (bone and muscle) or the interface between tissue and air . Lungs and the abdominal cavity, which contain air, are particularly injured . The damage causes severe hemorrhaging or air embolisms, either of which can be rapidly fatal . The overpressure estimated to damage lungs is about 70 kPa . Some eardrums would probably rupture around 22 kPa (0.2 atm) and half would rupture between 90 and 130 kPa (0.9 to 1.2 atm). </P> <P> Blast winds: The drag energies of the blast winds are proportional to the cubes of their velocities multiplied by the durations . These winds may reach several hundred kilometers per hour . </P>

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