<P> Plastic surgery is a surgical specialty involving the restoration, reconstruction, or alteration of the human body . It can be divided into two categories . The first is reconstructive surgery which includes craniofacial surgery, hand surgery, microsurgery, and the treatment of burns . The other is cosmetic or aesthetic surgery . While reconstructive surgery aims to reconstruct a part of the body or improve its functioning, cosmetic surgery aims at improving the appearance of it . Both of these techniques are used throughout the world . </P> <P> In the term "plastic surgery," the adjective plastic implies sculpting and / or reshaping, which is derived from the Greek πλαστική (τέχνη), plastikē (tekhnē), "the art of modelling" of malleable flesh . This meaning in English is seen as early as 1598 . The surgical definition of "plastic" first appeared in 1839, preceding the modern "engineering material made from petroleum" sense of plastic (coined by Leo Baekeland in 1909) by 70 years . </P> <P> Treatments for the plastic repair of a broken nose are first mentioned in the Edwin Smith Papyrus, a transcription of an Ancient Egyptian medical text, one of the oldest known surgical treatises, dated to the Old Kingdom from 3000 to 2500 BC . Reconstructive surgery techniques were being carried out in India by 800 BC . Sushruta was a physician who made important contributions to the field of plastic and cataract surgery in 6th century BC . The medical works of both Sushruta and Charak, originally in Sanskrit, were translated into the Arabic language during the Abbasid Caliphate in 750 AD . The Arabic translations made their way into Europe via intermediaries . In Italy, the Branca family of Sicily and Gaspare Tagliacozzi (Bologna) became familiar with the techniques of Sushruta . </P>

Where did the term plastic surgeon come from
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