<P> Cannabis smoking in India has been known since at least 2000 BC and is first mentioned in the Atharvaveda, which dates back a few hundred years BC . Fumigation (dhupa) and fire offerings (homa) are prescribed in the Ayurveda for medical purposes and have been practiced for at least 3,000 years while smoking, dhumrapana (literally "drinking smoke"), has been practiced for at least 2,000 years . </P> <P> Fumigation and fire offerings have been performed with various substances, including clarified butter (ghee), fish offal, dried snake skins, and various pastes molded around incense sticks and lit to spread the smoke over wide areas . The practice of inhaling smoke was employed as a remedy for many different ailments . It was not limited to just cannabis, but various plants and medicinal concoctions recommended to promote general health were also used . </P> <P> Before modern times, smoking was done with pipes with stems of various lengths, or chillums . Today dhumapana has been replaced almost entirely by cigarette smoking, but both dhupa and homa are still practiced . Beedi, a type of handrolled herbal cigarette consisting of cloves, ground betel nut, and tobacco, usually with rather low proportion of tobacco, are a modern descendant of the historical dhumapana . </P> <P> In Indonesia, a specific type of cigarette that includes cloves called kretek was invented in the early 1880s as a way of delivering the therapeutic properties of clove oil, or eugenol, to the lungs . It quickly became a popular cough remedy, and in the early 20th century kretek, producers began to market pre-rolled clove cigarettes . In the 1960s and 70s, kretek took on the form of a national symbol, with tax breaks compared to "white" cigarettes and the production began to shift from traditional hand - rolling to machine - rolling . </P>

What came first the cigar or the cigarette