<P> The city and surrounding area suffered the bulk of the economic damage and largest loss of human life in the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 attacks when 10 of the 19 terrorists associated with Al - Qaeda piloted American Airlines Flight 11 into the North Tower of the World Trade Center and United Airlines Flight 175 into the South Tower of the World Trade Center, and later destroyed them, killing 2,192 civilians, 343 firefighters, and 71 law enforcement officers who were in the towers and in the surrounding area . The North Tower was subsequently the tallest building ever to be destroyed and still is . The rebuilding of the area, has created a new One World Trade Center, and a 9 / 11 memorial and museum along with other new buildings and infrastructure . The World Trade Center PATH station, which opened on July 19, 1909 as the Hudson Terminal, was also destroyed in the attack . A temporary station was built and opened on November 23, 2003 . An 800,000 - square - foot (74,000 m) permanent station designed by Santiago Calatrava, the World Trade Center Transportation Hub, the city's third - largest hub, was completed in 2016 . The new One World Trade Center is the tallest skyscraper in the Western Hemisphere and the fourth - tallest building in the world by pinnacle height, with its spire reaching a symbolic 1,776 feet (541.3 m) in reference to the year of American independence . </P> <P> The Occupy Wall Street protests in Zuccotti Park in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan began on September 17, 2011, receiving global attention and popularizing the Occupy movement against social and economic inequality worldwide . </P> <P> New York City is situated in the Northeastern United States, in southeastern New York State, approximately halfway between Washington, D.C. and Boston . The location at the mouth of the Hudson River, which feeds into a naturally sheltered harbor and then into the Atlantic Ocean, has helped the city grow in significance as a trading port . Most of New York City is built on the three islands of Long Island, Manhattan, and Staten Island . </P> <P> The Hudson River flows through the Hudson Valley into New York Bay . Between New York City and Troy, New York, the river is an estuary . The Hudson River separates the city from the U.S. state of New Jersey . The East River--a tidal strait--flows from Long Island Sound and separates the Bronx and Manhattan from Long Island . The Harlem River, another tidal strait between the East and Hudson Rivers, separates most of Manhattan from the Bronx . The Bronx River, which flows through the Bronx and Westchester County, is the only entirely fresh water river in the city . </P>

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