<P> "Tear down this wall!" is a line from a speech made by US President Ronald Reagan in West Berlin on June 12, 1987, calling for the leader of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev, to open up the barrier which had divided West and East Berlin since 1961 . </P> <P> The "tear down this wall" speech was not the first time Reagan had addressed the issue of the Berlin Wall: in a visit to West Berlin in June 1982, he'd stated "I'd like to ask the Soviet leaders one question (...) Why is the wall there?", and in 1986, 25 years after the construction of the wall, in response to West German newspaper Bild - Zeitung asking when he thought the wall could be "torn down", Reagan said, "I call upon those responsible to dismantle it (today)". </P> <P> On the day before Reagan's 1987 visit, 50,000 people had demonstrated against the presence of the American president in Berlin . During the visit itself, wide swaths of Berlin were closed off to prevent further anti-Reagan protests . The district of Kreuzberg, in particular, was targeted in this respect, with movement throughout this portion of the city in effect restrained completely (for instance the subway line 1 was shut down). </P> <P> The speech was also a source of considerable controversy within the Reagan administration itself, with several senior staffers and aides advising against the phrase, saying anything that might cause further East - West tensions or potential embarrassment to Gorbachev, with whom President Reagan had built a good relationship, should be omitted . American officials in West Germany and presidential speechwriters, including Peter Robinson, thought otherwise . Robinson traveled to West Germany to inspect potential speech venues, and gained an overall sense that the majority of West Berliners opposed the wall . Despite getting little support for suggesting Reagan demand the wall's removal, Robinson kept the phrase in the speech text . On May 18, 1987, President Reagan met with his speechwriters and responded to the speech by saying, "I thought it was a good, solid draft ." White House Chief of Staff Howard Baker objected, saying it sounded "extreme" and "unpresidential," and Deputy US National Security Advisor Colin Powell agreed . Nevertheless, Reagan liked the passage, saying, "I think we'll leave it in ." </P>

Who wrote the tear down this wall speech