<Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> <P> French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries . </P> Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once . </Td> </Tr> <P> French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries . </P> <P> Paris (French pronunciation: (paʁi) (listen)) is the capital and most populous city of France, with an administrative - limits area of 105 square kilometres (41 square miles) and a 2015 population of 2,229,621 . The city is a commune and department, and the capital - heart of the 12,012 - square - kilometre (4,638 - square - mile) Île - de-France region (colloquially known as the' Paris Region'), whose 2016 population of 12,142,802 represents roughly 18 percent of the population of France . Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of Europe's major centres of finance, commerce, fashion, science, and the arts . The Paris Region had a GDP of € 649.6 billion (US $763.4 billion) in 2014, accounting for 30.4 percent of the GDP of France . According to official estimates, in 2013 - 14 the Paris Region had the third - highest GDP in the world and the largest regional GDP in the EU . </P> <P> The City of Paris' administrative limits form a horizontal oval centred on its historical - heart Île de la Cité island; this island is near the peak of an arc of Seine river that divides the city into southern Rive Gauche (Left Bank) and northern Rive Droite regions . Paris is but the core of a built - up area that extends well beyond its limits: commonly referred to as the agglomération Parisienne, and statistically as a unité urbaine (a measure of urban area), the Paris agglomeration's 2013 population of 10,601,122 makes it the largest urban area in the European Union . City - influenced commuter activity reaches well beyond even this in a statistical aire urbaine de Paris (a measure of metropolitan area), that had a 2013 population of 12,405,426, a number one - fifth the population of France, and one that makes it, after London, the second largest metropolitan area in the European Union . The 2016 Metropole of Grand Paris initiative, encompassing the City of Paris and its surrounding petite couronne department communes, or area covering 814 square kilometers and representing a population of 7 million, aims to improve city - suburb cooperation through a unique governing body . </P>

When did paris became the political economic religious and cultural capital of france
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