<P> Starting at around the same time as the War of 1812, the Shawnee entered war with the United States over land rights, under the famous Tecumseh . During this time, they were steadily pushed west, down the Ohio, then the Mississippi, into the Ozarks . There, Tecumseh and other leaders were killed and the Shawnee settled in what is now Oklahoma . Some Shawnee remained in Ohio . Under Chief Wapakoneta, they chose to cede their lands to the U.S. in 1831, shortly after the passing of the Indian Removal Act, and moved west to reunite with the other Shawnee . </P> <P> By the turn of the century, many of the Lenape peoples had been driven up along the Miami on the Ohio border . They were removed to the Missouri country through the Treaty of St. Mary's in 1818 . After the Louisiana Purchase, the United States took over an extremely convoluted relationship which had existed between the Spanish, French, and a native group, the Caddo, who lived throughout Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas at the time . Within the first few decades, the Caddo were settling almost entirely in the U.S., though still held extensive lands in Texas . The Spanish, who had expended a great deal of time and effort to woo the Caddo, felt slighted and continuously negotiated for them to return to Texas, even going so far as to deed to them further lands in the region that they hadn't previously owned . This also created a border dispute that nearly caused Spain to declare war on the United States at the time and was resolved through treaties that allowed the odd circumstance to continue . By this, the United States convinced the collective Caddoan peoples to allow surplus natives who had been relocated to the Ozarks to settle upon their unused lands in Texas without much issue--including Lenape and, later, the Seneca . They would go on to blend their cultures with the burgeoning American and Mexican cowboy cultures . Unfortunately, in an apparent effort to draw Indians into the Texas Revolution without appearing to violate their treaties, several false - flag attacks began in Texas against Texans and American soldiers; these were blamed on the highly influential Caddo, who had been publicly warned to stay out of the conflict by the U.S.. While the United States was able to influence the new Texas government to later adopt a similar Indian strategy, relations between these peoples never really recovered and most of these Indians were slowly pushed north into Indian Territory--modern day Oklahoma . </P> <P> Also, the Ottawa turned over the last of their land in Ohio and Michigan to the United States after the War of 1812 and these peoples either retreated back into Canada, or were sent to the plains . The Mingo Seneca were driven to Missouri, between 1832 and 1838 . Many of those sent west then split, some moving to Texas, which was then still a part of Mexican territories . </P> <P> The Wyandot were the final tribe to leave the state in 1843, having apparently waited until the resolution of the Texas Revolution . They moved to Missouri and largely began breaking down and merging with American society, although some did eventually end up in Indian Territory, and others were granted a permanent reservation in Missouri . Those who broke away attempted to aid in the founding of the Nebraska and Kansas Territories, hoping to create more havens for displaced Native peoples . While this was not successful, there are still many descendants of these peoples today . </P>

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