<P> One of the greatest issues of the day was tariffs . Buchanan condemned both free trade and prohibitive tariffs, since either would benefit one section of the country to the detriment of the other . As the senator from Pennsylvania, he said: "I am viewed as the strongest advocate of protection in other states, whilst I am denounced as its enemy in Pennsylvania ." </P> <P> Buchanan, like many of his time, was torn between his desire to expand the country for the benefit of all and his insistence on guaranteeing to the people settling the expanded areas their rights, including slavery . On territorial expansion, he said, "What, sir? Prevent the people from crossing the Rocky Mountains? You might just as well command the Niagara not to flow . We must fulfill our destiny ." On the resulting spread of slavery, through unconditional expansion, he stated: "I feel a strong repugnance by any act of mine to extend the present limits of the Union over a new slave - holding territory ." For instance, he hoped the acquisition of Texas would "be the means of limiting, not enlarging, the dominion of slavery". </P> <P> The only president to remain a bachelor, Buchanan's personal life has attracted great historical interest . His biographer Jean Baker argues that Buchanan was asexual or celibate . Several writers have put forth arguments that he was homosexual, including sociologist James W. Loewen, and authors Robert P. Watson and Shelley Ross . </P> <P> In 1818, Buchanan met Anne Caroline Coleman at a grand ball at Lancaster's White Swan Inn, and the two began courting . Anne was the daughter of the wealthy iron manufacturer (and protective father) Robert Coleman and sister - in - law of Philadelphia judge Joseph Hemphill, one of Buchanan's colleagues from the House of Representatives . By 1819, the two were engaged, but could spend little time together; Buchanan was extremely busy with his law firm and political projects during the Panic of 1819, which took him away from Coleman for weeks at a time . Conflicting rumors abounded . Some suggested that he was marrying for her money, because his own family was less affluent, or that he was involved with other women . Buchanan never publicly spoke of his motives or feelings, but letters from Anne revealed she knew of several rumors . Coleman broke off the engagement, and soon afterward, on December 9, 1819, died suddenly . Buchanan wrote her father for permission to attend the funeral, claiming "I feel happiness has fled from me forever"; However, Robert Coleman refused permission . </P>

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