<P> Ancient warfare is war as conducted from the beginnings of recorded history to the end of the ancient period . In Europe, the end of antiquity is often equated with the fall of Rome in 476 . In China, it can also be seen as ending in the 5th century, with the growing role of mounted warriors needed to counter the ever - growing threat from the north . </P> <P> The difference between prehistoric warfare and ancient warfare is less one of technology than of organization . The development of the first city - states, and then empires, allowed warfare to change dramatically . Beginning in Mesopotamia, states produced sufficient agricultural surplus that full - time ruling elites and military commanders could emerge . While the bulk of military forces were still farmers, the society could support having them campaigning rather than working the land for a portion of each year . Thus, organized armies developed for the first time . </P> <P> These new armies could help states grow in size and became increasingly centralized, and the first empire, that of the Sumerians, formed in Mesopotamia . Early ancient armies continued to primarily use bows and spears, the same weapons that had been developed in prehistoric times for hunting . Early armies in Egypt and China followed a similar pattern of using massed infantry armed with bows and spears . </P> <P> Ancient music is music that developed in literate cultures, replacing prehistoric music . Ancient music refers to the various musical systems that were developed across various geographical regions such as Persia, India, China, Greece, Rome, Egypt and Mesopotamia (see music of Mesopotamia, music of ancient Greece, music of ancient Rome, music of Iran). Ancient music is designated by the characterization of the basic audible tones and scales . It may have been transmitted through oral or written systems . Arts of the ancient world refers to the many types of art that were in the cultures of ancient societies, such as those of ancient China, Egypt, Greece, India, Persia, Mesopotamia and Rome . </P>

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