<P> The trypanosomes are injected into vertebrate muscle tissue, but make their way, first into the lymphatic system, then into the bloodstream, and eventually into the brain . The disease causes the swelling of the lymph glands, emaciation of the body, and eventually leads to death . Uninfected tsetse may bite the infected animal prior to its death and acquire the disease, thereby closing the transmission cycle . </P> <P> The tsetse - vectored trypanosomiases affect various vertebrate species including humans, antelopes, bovine cattle, camels, horses, sheep, goats, and pigs . These diseases are caused by several different trypanosome species that may also survive in wild animals such as crocodiles and monitor lizards . The diseases have different distributions across the African continent, so are transmitted by different species . This table summarizes this information: </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Disease </Th> <Th> Species affected </Th> <Th> Trypanosoma agents </Th> <Th> Distribution </Th> <Th> Glossina vectors </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sleeping sickness--chronic form </Td> <Td> humans </Td> <Td> T. brucei gambiense </Td> <Td> Western Africa </Td> <Td> G. palpalis G. tachinoides G. fuscipes G. morsitans </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sleeping sickness--acute form </Td> <Td> humans </Td> <Td> T. brucei rhodesiense </Td> <Td> Eastern Africa </Td> <Td> G. morsitans G. swynnertoni G. pallidipes G. fuscipes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Nagana--acute form </Td> <Td> antelope cattle camels horses </Td> <Td> T. brucei brucei </Td> <Td> Africa </Td> <Td> G. morsitans G. swynnertoni G. pallidipes G. palpalis G. tachinoides G. fuscipes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Nagana--chronic form </Td> <Td> cattle camels horses </Td> <Td> T. congolense </Td> <Td> Africa </Td> <Td> G. palpalis G. morsitans G. austeni G. swynnertoni G. pallidipes G. longipalpis G. tachinoides G. brevipalpis </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Nagana--acute form </Td> <Td> domestic pigs cattle camels horses </Td> <Td> T. simiae </Td> <Td> Africa </Td> <Td> G. palpalis G. fuscipes G. morsitans G. tachinoides G. longipalpis G. fusca G. tabaniformis G. brevipalpis G. vanhoofi G. austeni </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Nagana--acute form </Td> <Td> cattle camels horses </Td> <Td> T. vivax </Td> <Td> Africa </Td> <Td> G. morsitans G. palpalis G. tachinoides G. swynnertoni G. pallidipes G. austeni G. vanhoofi G. longipalpis </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Surra--chronic form </Td> <Td> domestic pigs warthog (Phacochoerus aethiopicus) forest hogs (Hylochoerus spp .) </Td> <Td> T. suis </Td> <Td> Africa </Td> <Td> G. palpalis G. fuscipes G. morsitans G. tachinoides G. longipalpis G. fusca G. tabaniformis G. brevipalpis G. vanhoofi G. austeni </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Th> Disease </Th> <Th> Species affected </Th> <Th> Trypanosoma agents </Th> <Th> Distribution </Th> <Th> Glossina vectors </Th> </Tr>

The morsitans group of tsetse flies is most often found in
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