<P> Dr. Peter Rodgers introduced the term "Micro-Web - Services" during a presentation at the Web Services Edge conference in 2005 . On slide #4 of the conference presentation, he states that "Software components are Micro-Web - Services". Juval Löwy had similar precursor ideas about classes being granular services, as the next evolution of Microsoft architecture . "Services are composed using Unix - like pipelines (the Web meets Unix = true loose - coupling). Services can call services (+ multiple language run - times). Complex service - assemblies are abstracted behind simple URI interfaces . Any service, at any granularity, can be exposed ." He described how a well - designed service platform "applies the underlying architectural principles of the Web and Web services together with Unix - like scheduling and pipelines to provide radical flexibility and improved simplicity by providing a platform to apply service - oriented architecture throughout your application environment". The design, which originated in a research project at Hewlett Packard Labs, aims to make code less brittle and to make large - scale, complex software systems robust to change . To make "Micro-Web - Services" work, one has to question and analyze the foundations of architectural styles (such as SOA) and the role of messaging between software components in order to arrive at a new general computing abstraction . In this case, one can think of resource - oriented computing (ROC) as a generalized form of the Web abstraction . If in the Unix abstraction "everything is a file", in ROC, everything is a "Micro-Web - Service". It can contain information, code or the results of computations so that a service can be either a consumer or producer in a symmetrical and evolving architecture . </P> <P> Microservices is a specialization of an implementation approach for service - oriented architectures (SOA) used to build flexible, independently deployable software systems . The microservices approach is a first realisation of SOA that followed the introduction of DevOps and is becoming more popular for building continuously deployed systems . </P> <P> The philosophy of the microservices architecture essentially equates to the Unix philosophy of "Do one thing and do it well". It is described as follows: </P> <Ul> <Li> The services are small - fine - grained to perform a single function . </Li> <Li> The organization culture must embrace automation of testing and deployment . This eases the burden on management and operations and allows for different development teams to work on independently deployable units of code . </Li> <Li> The culture and design principles must embrace failure and faults, similar to anti-fragile systems . </Li> <Li> Each service is elastic, resilient, composable, minimal, and complete . </Li> </Ul>

Amazon provides its services through which of the following famous architecture