<P> Sections 22, 22 - A and 22 - B of the Code of Criminal Procedure Code, 1898 provide for the appointment of justices of the peace by the provincial governments, their powers and duties respectively . However, seldom are justices of the peace appointed in Pakistan outside the judiciary . Session and additional session judges act as ex-officio justices of the peace as per Section 25 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 . An Ex-officio Justice of the Peace may issue appropriate directions to the police authorities concerned on a complaint regarding - (i) non-registration of a criminal case; (ii) transfer of investigation from one police officer to another; and (iii) neglect, failure or excess committed by a police authority in relation to its functions and duties . Such functions being quasi-judicial in nature could not be termed as executive, administrative or ministerial. (PLD 2016 Supreme Court 581) </P> <P> It is pertinent to note however, as many academics have pointed out, that there is great utility in the appointment of such justices especially in rural areas where enmity between rival groups can lead to the inability of registration of cognizable offences and biased judicial proceedings . </P> <P> A justice of the peace in Singapore derives his powers from statute law . He is appointed by the President of the Republic of Singapore, under the provisions of section 11 (l) of the Subordinate Courts Act (Cap. 321). The President may revoke the appointment of any justice of the peace . A newly appointed justice of the peace is required by section 17 of the Subordinate Courts Act, to take the oath of office and allegiance as set out in the schedule to the Subordinate Courts Act, before exercising the functions of his office . </P> <P> In their role, JPs serve as visiting justices of Singapore prisons, mediators or referees in the subordinate courts . They may also solemnise marriages in the Registry of Marriages or perform the duties of the magistrate conferred on them by any written law . </P>

How to become a justice of peace in singapore