<Li> Respect for land and indigenous peoples and creatures, as proclaimed by Kerouac in his slogan from On the Road: "The Earth is an Indian thing ." </Li> <P> The term "Beatnik" was coined by Herb Caen of the San Francisco Chronicle on April 2, 1958, a portmanteau on the name of the recent Russian satellite Sputnik and Beat Generation . This suggested that beatniks were (1) "far out of the mainstream of society" and (2) "possibly pro-Communist ." Caen's term stuck and became the popular label associated with a new stereotype--the man with a goatee and beret reciting nonsensical poetry and playing bongo drums while free - spirited women wearing black leotards dance . </P> <P> An early example of the "beatnik stereotype" occurred in Vesuvio's (a bar in North Beach, San Francisco) which employed the artist Wally Hedrick to sit in the window dressed in full beard, turtleneck, and sandals, creating improvisational drawings and paintings . By 1958 tourists who came to San Francisco could take bus tours to view the North Beach Beat scene, prophetically anticipating similar tours of the Haight - Ashbury district ten years later . </P> <P> A variety of other small businesses also sprang up exploiting (and / or satirizing) the new craze . In 1959, Fred McDarrah started a "Rent - a-Beatnik" service in New York, taking out ads in The Village Voice and sending Ted Joans and friends out on calls to read poetry . </P>

Who wrote the beat manifesto on the road