<Tr> <Td> 1895--1905 </Td> <Td> 176 </Td> </Tr> <P> In December 1904, a strike occurred at the Putilov plant (a railway and artillery supplier) in St. Petersburg . Sympathy strikes in other parts of the city raised the number of strikers to 150,000 workers in 382 factories . By 21 January (O.S. 8 January) 1905, the city had no electricity and newspaper distribution was halted . All public areas were declared closed . </P> <P> Controversial Orthodox priest Georgy Gapon, who headed a police - sponsored workers' association, led a huge workers' procession to the Winter Palace to deliver a petition to the Tsar on Sunday, 22 January (O.S. 9 January) 1905 . The troops guarding the Palace were ordered to tell the demonstrators not to pass a certain point, according to Sergei Witte, and at some point, troops opened fire on the demonstrators, causing between 200 (according to Witte) and 1000 deaths . The event became known as Bloody Sunday, and is considered by many scholars as the start of the active phase of the revolution . </P> <P> The events in St. Petersburg provoked public indignation and a series of massive strikes that spread quickly throughout the industrial centers of the Russian Empire . Polish socialists--both the PPS and the SDKPiL--called for a general strike . By the end of January 1905, over 400,000 workers in Russian Poland were on strike (see Revolution in the Kingdom of Poland (1905--1907)). Half of European Russia's industrial workers went on strike in 1905, and 93.2% in Poland . There were also strikes in Finland and the Baltic coast . In Riga, 130 protesters were killed on 26 January (O.S. 13 January) 1905, and in Warsaw a few days later over 100 strikers were shot on the streets . By February, there were strikes in the Caucasus, and by April, in the Urals and beyond . In March, all higher academic institutions were forcibly closed for the remainder of the year, adding radical students to the striking workers . A strike by railway workers on 21 October (O.S. 8 October) 1905 quickly developed into a general strike in Saint Petersburg and Moscow . This prompted the setting up of the short - lived Saint Petersburg Soviet of Workers' Delegates, an admixture of Bolsheviks and Mensheviks headed by Khrustalev - Nossar and despite the Iskra split would see the likes of Julius Martov and Georgi Plekhanov spar with Lenin . Leon Trotsky, who felt a strong connection to the Bolsheviki, had not given up a compromise but spearheaded strike action in over 200 factories . By 26 October (O.S. 13 October) 1905, over 2 million workers were on strike and there were almost no active railways in all of Russia . Growing inter-ethnic confrontation throughout the Caucasus resulted in Armenian - Tatar massacres, heavily damaging the cities and the Baku oilfields . </P>

Which incident was the immediate cause of 1905 revolution in russia
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