<Ul> <Li> The slowing of the body's basal metabolic rate associated with hypothyroidism </Li> <Li> Pernicious anemia where there is antibody production against parietal cells which normally produce gastric acid . </Li> <Li> The use of antacids or drugs that decrease gastric acid production (such as H2 - receptor antagonists) or transport (such as proton pump inhibitors). </Li> <Li> A symptom of rare diseases such as mucolipidosis (type IV). </Li> <Li> A symptom of Helicobacter pylori infection which neutralizes and decreases secretion of gastric acid to aid its survival in the stomach . </Li> <Li> A symptom of atrophic gastritis or of stomach cancer . </Li> <Li> Radiation therapy involving the stomach . </Li> <Li> Gastric bypass procedures such a duodenal switch and RNY, where the largest acid producing parts of the stomach are either removed, or blinded . </Li> <Li> VIPomas (vasoactive intestinal peptides) and somatostatinomas are both islet cell tumors of the pancreas . </Li> <Li> Pellagra, caused by niacin deficiency . </Li> <Li> Chloride, sodium, potassium, zinc and / or iodine deficiency, as these elements are needed to produce adequate levels of stomach acid (HCl). </Li> <Li> Sjögren's syndrome, an autoimmune disorder that destroys many of the body's moisture - producing enzymes </Li> <Li> Ménétrier disease, characterized by hyperplasia of mucous cells in the stomach also causing excess protein loss, leading to hypoalbuminemia . Presents with abdominal pain and edema </Li> </Ul> <Li> The slowing of the body's basal metabolic rate associated with hypothyroidism </Li> <Li> Pernicious anemia where there is antibody production against parietal cells which normally produce gastric acid . </Li> <Li> The use of antacids or drugs that decrease gastric acid production (such as H2 - receptor antagonists) or transport (such as proton pump inhibitors). </Li>

What is the physiological effect of achlorhydria in the body