<P> In the early nineteenth century, western New York State was called the "burned - over district" because of the highly publicized revivals that crisscrossed the region . Charles Finney, a leading revivalist active in the area, coined the term . Linda K. Pritchard uses statistical data to show that compared to the rest of New York State, the Ohio River Valley in the lower Midwest, and the country as a whole, the religiosity of the Burned - over District was typical rather than exceptional . </P> <P> On the American Frontier, evangelical denominations sent missionary preachers and exhorters out to the people in the backcountry, which supported the growth of membership among Methodists and Baptists . Revivalists' techniques were based on the camp meeting, with its Scottish Presbyterian roots . Most of the Scots - Irish immigrants before the American Revolutionary War settled in the backcountry of Pennsylvania and down the spine of the Appalachian Mountains . </P> <P> These denominations were based on an interpretation of man's spiritual equality before God, which led them to recruit members and preachers from a wide range of classes and all races . Baptists and Methodist revivals were successful in some parts of the Tidewater in the South, where an increasing number of common planters, plain folk, and slaves were converted . </P> <P> In the newly settled frontier regions, the revival was implemented through camp meetings . These often provided the first encounter for some settlers with organized religion, and they were important as social venues . The camp meeting was a religious service of several days' length with preachers . Settlers in thinly populated areas gathered at the camp meeting for fellowship as well as worship . The sheer exhilaration of participating in a religious revival with crowds of hundreds and perhaps thousands of people inspired the dancing, shouting, and singing associated with these events . The revivals followed an arc of great emotional power, with an emphasis of the individual's sins and need to turn to Christ, restored by a sense of personal salvation . Upon their return home, most converts joined or created small local churches, which grew rapidly . The Second Great Awakening marked a religious transition in society in America . Many Americans from the Calvinist sect emphasized man's inability to save themselves and that their only way to be saved was from grace from God . </P>

What were the key religious ideas and practices associated with the second great awakening