<P> A major confrontation of the Bleeding Kansas era was in the writing of constitutions that would govern the state of Kansas . The first of four such documents was the 1855 Topeka Constitution, written by antislavery forces unified under the Free State Party . This was the basis for the Free State Territorial government that resisted the illegitimate, but federally authorized government elected by non-resident, and thus unqualified Missourians . </P> <P> In 1857, the second constitutional convention drafted the "Lecompton Constitution", a pro-slavery document . The Lecompton Constitution was promoted by President James Buchanan . Congress instead ordered another election because of voting irregularities uncovered . On Aug. 2, 1858, Kansas voters rejected the document by 11,812 to 1,926 . </P> <P> While the Lecompton Constitution was pending before Congress, a third document, the Leavenworth Constitution, was written and passed by Free State delegates . It was more radical than other Free State proposals in that it would have extended suffrage to "every male citizen", regardless of race . Participation in this ballot on May 18, 1858 was a fraction of the previous and there was some opposition by Free State Democrats . The proposed constitution was forwarded to the U.S. Senate on January 6, 1859 where it was met with a tepid reception and left to die in committee . </P> <P> The Wyandotte Constitution drafted in 1859 represented the Free State view of the future of Kansas . It was approved in a referendum by a vote of 10,421 to 5,530 on October 4, 1859 . With southern states still in control of the Senate, Kansas awaited admission to the Union until January 29, 1861 . </P>

The phrase bleeding kansas is associated with which of the following men