<P> Orographic precipitation occurs on the windward side of mountains and is caused by the rising air motion of a large - scale flow of moist air across the mountain ridge, resulting in adiabatic cooling and condensation . In mountainous parts of the world subjected to consistent winds (for example, the trade winds), a more moist climate usually prevails on the windward side of a mountain than on the leeward or downwind side . Moisture is removed by orographic lift, leaving drier air (see katabatic wind) on the descending and generally warming, leeward side where a rain shadow is observed . </P> <P> In South America, the Andes mountain range blocks Pacific moisture that arrives in that continent, resulting in a desertlike climate just downwind across western Argentina . The Sierra Nevada range creates the same effect in North America forming the Great Basin and Mojave Deserts . </P> <P> Insects are swept along by the prevailing winds, while birds follow their own course . As such, fine line patterns within weather radar imagery, associated with converging winds, are dominated by insect returns . In the Great Plains, wind erosion of agricultural land is a significant problem, and is mainly driven by the prevailing wind . Because of this, wind barrier strips have been developed to minimize this type of erosion . The strips can be in the form of soil ridges, crop strips, crops rows, or trees which act as wind breaks . They are oriented perpendicular to the wind in order to be most effective . In regions with minimal vegetation, such as coastal and desert areas, transverse sand dunes orient themselves perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction, while longitudinal dunes orient themselves parallel to the prevailing winds . </P>

Influenced by prevailing winds mountain ranges and season winds