<Table> Trail of Tears <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> The Trail of Tears memorial monuments at the New Echota Historic Site in New Echota, Georgia, which honors the 4,000 Cherokees who died on the Trail of Tears </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> 1831--1850 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Southeastern United States and Indian Territory, present - day Oklahoma </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Participants </Th> <Td> U.S. Government, U.S. Army, state militias, Five Civilized Tribes of Cherokee, Muscogee, Seminole, Chickasaw, Choctaw and Ho - Chunk / Winnebago nations </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Outcome </Th> <Td> The forced relocation of most of the Five Civilized Tribes of the Southeastern United States to Indian Territory under the Indian Removal Act of 1830 signed by U.S. president Andrew Jackson (Democrat) clearing former Native American lands for white settlement . The forced relocation included all tribes located of east of the Mississippi . All tribes were to be relocated west of the Mississippi under the Indian Removal Act of 1830 . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Deaths </Th> <Td> <P> Cherokee (4,000) Creek Seminole (3,000 in Second Seminole War--1835--1842) Chickasaw (3,500) </P> Choctaw (2,500--6,000) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> The Trail of Tears memorial monuments at the New Echota Historic Site in New Echota, Georgia, which honors the 4,000 Cherokees who died on the Trail of Tears </Td> </Tr>

When did the trail of tears start and end