<P> Monogastrics cannot digest the fiber molecule cellulose as efficiently as ruminants, though the ability to digest cellulose varies amongst species . </P> <P> A monogastric digestive system works as soon as the food enters the mouth . Saliva moistens the food and begins the digestive process . (Note that horses have no (or negligible amounts of) amylase in their saliva . After being swallowed, the food passes from the esophagus into the stomach, where stomach acid and enzymes help to break down the food . Bile salts are stored in the gall bladder (note that horses do not have a gall bladder and gall is directly secreted into the small intestine) and secreted once the contents of the stomach have reached the small intestines where most fats are broken down . The pancreas secretes enzymes and alkali to neutralize the stomach acid . </P>

What are the advantages of the monogastric digestive system