<P> The modern roots of CBT can be traced to the development of behavior therapy in the early 20th century, the development of cognitive therapy in the 1960s, and the subsequent merging of the two . Groundbreaking work of behaviorism began with John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner's studies of conditioning in 1920 . Behaviorally - centered therapeutic approaches appeared as early as 1924 with Mary Cover Jones' work dedicated to the unlearning of fears in children . These were the antecedents of the development of Joseph Wolpe's behavioral therapy in the 1950s . It was the work of Wolpe and Watson, which was based on Ivan Pavlov's work on learning and conditioning, that influenced Hans Eysenck and Arnold Lazarus to develop new behavioral therapy techniques based on classical conditioning . One of Eysenck's colleagues, Glenn Wilson showed that classical fear conditioning in humans could be controlled by verbally induced cognitive expectations, thus opening a field of research that supports the rationale of cognitive behaviorial therapy . </P> <P> During the 1950s and 1960s, behavioral therapy became widely utilized by researchers in the United States, the United Kingdom, and South Africa, who were inspired by the behaviorist learning theory of Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, and Clark L. Hull . In Britain, Joseph Wolpe, who applied the findings of animal experiments to his method of systematic desensitization, applied behavioral research to the treatment of neurotic disorders . Wolpe's therapeutic efforts were precursors to today's fear reduction techniques . British psychologist Hans Eysenck presented behavior therapy as a constructive alternative . </P> <P> At the same time of Eysenck's work, B.F. Skinner and his associates were beginning to have an impact with their work on operant conditioning . Skinner's work was referred to as radical behaviorism and avoided anything related to cognition . However, Julian Rotter, in 1954, and Albert Bandura, in 1969, contributed behavior therapy with their respective work on social learning theory, by demonstrating the effects of cognition on learning and behavior modification . </P> <P> The emphasis on behavioral factors constituted the "first wave" of CBT . </P>

What is the advantage of using cognitive and behavioral techniques instead of medications