<P> With respect to Judicial service, the tendency is toward higher office . Twelve members of the list served on the Supreme Court of the United States--three as chief justice . Of the other thirty, eight served on one of the federal courts of appeals (called federal circuit courts pre-1912), three went from a district court to a circuit court, and twenty - four garnered their judicial branch service in district court judgeships alone . Two of the Supreme Court Justices on the list had previously served on federal circuit courts . For thirty - three of the members of the list, their judicial appointment was also their final point of service . One Supreme Court justice, two Circuit Court judges and seven District Court judges resigned from the bench to take posts in the executive branch and one Circuit Court judge and four District Court judges resigned from the bench to join the United States Senate . </P> <P> Seven people on the list--James F. Byrnes, Salmon P. Chase, Mahlon Dickerson, John J. Hickey, Thomas B. Robertson, Donald S. Russell, and Levi Woodbury--have, in addition to their varied federal government service, also served as governor of a U.S. state . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Person </Th> <Th> Executive branch service </Th> <Th> Legislative branch service </Th> <Th> Judicial branch service </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Buckley, James L. James L. Buckley </Td> <Td> Undersecretary of State for Security Assistance, 1981--1982 President of Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty, 1982--1985 </Td> <Td> Senator, New York, 1971--1977 </Td> <Td> U.S. Circuit Judge, U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit, 1985--1996 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Byrnes, James F. James F. Byrnes </Td> <Td> Director, Office of Economic Stabilization, 1942--1943 Chairman, Office of War Mobilization, 1943--1945 Secretary of State, 1945--1947 </Td> <Td> Representative, South Carolina, 1911--1925 Senator, South Carolina, 1931--1941 </Td> <Td> Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, 1941--1942 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chase, Salmon P. Salmon P. Chase </Td> <Td> Secretary of the Treasury, 1861--1864 </Td> <Td> Senator, Ohio, 1849--1855; 1861 </Td> <Td> Chief Justice of the United States, 1864--1873 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Clayton, Jr., Henry De Lamar Henry De Lamar Clayton, Jr . </Td> <Td> United States Attorney, Middle District of Alabama, 1893--1896 </Td> <Td> Representative, Alabama, 1897--1914 </Td> <Td> U.S. District Judge, U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Alabama and U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Alabama, 1914--1929 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Clifford, Nathan Nathan Clifford </Td> <Td> Attorney General, 1846--1848 Minister to Mexico, 1848--1849 </Td> <Td> Representative, Maine, 1839--1843 </Td> <Td> Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, 1858--1881 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Conkling, Alfred Alfred Conkling </Td> <Td> Minister to Mexico, 1852--1853 </Td> <Td> Representative, New York, 1821--1823 </Td> <Td> U.S. District Judge, U.S. District Court for the Northern District of New York, 1825--1852 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Covington, J. Harry J. Harry Covington </Td> <Td> Member, Railway Wage Commission, 1918--1920 </Td> <Td> Representative, Maryland, 1909--1914 </Td> <Td> U.S. District Judge, Supreme Court of the District of Columbia, 1914--1918 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dickerson, Mahlon Mahlon Dickerson </Td> <Td> Secretary of the Navy, 1834--1838 </Td> <Td> Senator, New Jersey, 1817--1833 </Td> <Td> U.S. District Judge, U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey, 1840--1841 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Duvall, Gabriel Gabriel Duvall </Td> <Td> First Comptroller of the Treasury, 1802--1811 </Td> <Td> Representative, Maryland, 1794--1796 </Td> <Td> Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, 1811--1835 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ellis, Powhatan Powhatan Ellis </Td> <Td> Minister to Mexico, 1839--1842 </Td> <Td> Senator, Mississippi, 1825--1826; 1827--1832 </Td> <Td> U.S. District Judge, U.S. District Court for the District of Mississippi, 1832--1836 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Evans, Walter Walter Evans </Td> <Td> Commissioner of Internal Revenue, 1883--1885 </Td> <Td> Representative, Kentucky, 1895--1899 </Td> <Td> U.S. District Judge, U.S. District Court for the District of Kentucky, 1899--1901 U.S. District Judge, U.S. District Court for the Western District of Kentucky, 1901--1923 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Fisher, George P. George P. Fisher </Td> <Td> United States Attorney, District of Columbia, 1870--1875 First Auditor of the Treasury Department, 1889--1893 </Td> <Td> Representative, Delaware, 1861--1863 </Td> <Td> U.S. District Judge, Supreme Court of the District of Columbia, 1863--1870 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Goff Jr., Nathan Nathan Goff Jr . </Td> <Td> United States Attorney, District of West Virginia, 1868--1881; 1881--1882 Secretary of the Navy, 1881 </Td> <Td> Representative, West Virginia, 1883--1889 Senator, West Virginia, 1913--1919 </Td> <Td> U.S. Circuit Judge, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, 1892--1913 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Hall, Nathan K. Nathan K. Hall </Td> <Td> Postmaster General, 1850--1852 </Td> <Td> Representative, New York, 1847--1849 </Td> <Td> U.S. District Judge, U.S. District Court for the Northern District of New York, 1852--1874 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Helvering, Guy T. Guy T. Helvering </Td> <Td> Commissioner of Internal Revenue, 1933--1944 </Td> <Td> Representative, Kansas, 1913--1919 </Td> <Td> U.S. District Judge, U.S. District Court for the District of Kansas, 1943--1946 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Hickey, John J. John J. Hickey </Td> <Td> United States Attorney, District of Wyoming, 1949--1953 </Td> <Td> Senator, Wyoming, 1961--1962 </Td> <Td> U.S. Circuit Judge, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit, 1966--1970 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Key, David M. David M. Key </Td> <Td> Postmaster General, 1877--1880 </Td> <Td> Senator, Tennessee, 1875--1877 </Td> <Td> U.S. District Judge, U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee and U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee, 1880--1895 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lamar II, Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar II </Td> <Td> Secretary of the Interior, 1885--1888 </Td> <Td> Representative, Mississippi, 1857--1860; 1873--1877 Senator, Mississippi, 1877--1885 </Td> <Td> Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, 1888--1893 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Laurance, John John Laurance </Td> <Td> Judge Advocate General, 1777--1782 </Td> <Td> Representative, New York, 1789--1793 Senator, New York, 1796--1800 </Td> <Td> U.S. District Court, U.S. District Court for the District of New York, 1794--1796 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Luhring, Oscar Raymond Oscar Raymond Luhring </Td> <Td> Assistant Attorney General for the Criminal Division, 1925--1930 </Td> <Td> Representative, Indiana, 1919--1923 </Td> <Td> U.S. District Judge, U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, 1930--1944 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> MacKinnon, George George MacKinnon </Td> <Td> United States Attorney, District of Minnesota, 1953--1958 </Td> <Td> Representative, Minnesota, 1947--1949 </Td> <Td> U.S. Circuit Judge, U.S. District Court for the D.C. Circuit, 1969--1995 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Marshall, John John Marshall </Td> <Td> Secretary of State, 1800--1801 </Td> <Td> Representative, Virginia, 1799--1800 </Td> <Td> Chief Justice of the United States, 1801--1835 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mason, John Y. John Y. Mason </Td> <Td> Attorney General, 1845--1846 Secretary of the Navy, 1844--1845; 1846--1849 </Td> <Td> Representative, Virginia, 1831--1837 </Td> <Td> U.S. District Judge, U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, 1841--1844 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Matthews, Stanley Stanley Matthews </Td> <Td> United States Attorney, Southern District of Ohio, 1858--1861 </Td> <Td> Senator, Ohio, 1877--1881 </Td> <Td> Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, 1881--1889 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> McCrary, George W. George W. McCrary </Td> <Td> Secretary of War, 1877--1879 </Td> <Td> Representative, Iowa, 1869--1877 </Td> <Td> U.S. Circuit Judge, U.S. Circuit Court for the Eighth Circuit, 1879--1884 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> McGranery, James P. James P. McGranery </Td> <Td> Attorney General, 1952--1953 </Td> <Td> Representative, Pennsylvania, 1937--1943 </Td> <Td> U.S. District Judge, U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, 1946--1952 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> McKenna, Joseph Joseph McKenna </Td> <Td> Attorney General, 1897--1898 </Td> <Td> Representative, California, 1885--1892 </Td> <Td> U.S. Circuit Judge, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, 1892--1897 Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, 1898--1925 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> McLaughlin, Charles F. Charles F. McLaughlin </Td> <Td> Member, American - Mexican Claims Commission, 1943--1947 Member, Indian Claims Commission, 1947--1949 </Td> <Td> Representative, Nebraska, 1935--1943 </Td> <Td> U.S. District Judge, U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, 1949--1964 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> McLean, John John McLean </Td> <Td> Postmaster General, 1823--1829 </Td> <Td> Representative, Ohio, 1813--1816 </Td> <Td> Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, 1829--1861 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mitchell, George J. George J. Mitchell </Td> <Td> United States Attorney, District of Maine, 1977--1979 </Td> <Td> Senator, Maine, 1980--1995 </Td> <Td> U.S. District Judge, U.S. District Court for the District of Maine, 1979--1980 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Moody, William Henry William Henry Moody </Td> <Td> United States Attorney, District of Massachusetts, 1890--1895 Attorney General, 1904--1906 Secretary of the Navy, 1902--1904 </Td> <Td> Representative, Massachusetts, 1895--1902 </Td> <Td> Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, 1906--1910 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Morrow, William W. William W. Morrow </Td> <Td> Special United States Attorney, French and American Claims Commission, 1881--1883 Special United States Attorney, Alabama Claims Commission, 1882--1885 </Td> <Td> Representative, California, 1885--1891 </Td> <Td> U.S. District Judge, U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California, 1891--1897 U.S. Circuit Judge, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, 1897--1923 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Paul Jr., John John Paul Jr . </Td> <Td> United States Attorney, Western District of Virginia, 1929--1932 </Td> <Td> Representative, Virginia, 1922--1923 </Td> <Td> U.S. District Judge, U.S. District Court for the Western District of Virginia, 1932--1964 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rizley, Ross Ross Rizley </Td> <Td> Solicitor of the Post Office Department, 1953 Assistant Secretary of Agriculture, 1953 - 1954 Chairman of the Civil Aeronautics Board, 1955 - 1956 </Td> <Td> Representative, Oklahoma, 1941 - 1949 </Td> <Td> U.S. District Judge, United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma, 1956 - 1969 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Robertson, Thomas B. Thomas B. Robertson </Td> <Td> Secretary of the Territory of Orleans, 1807--1812 </Td> <Td> Representative, Louisiana, 1812--1818 </Td> <Td> U.S. District Judge, U.S. District Court for the Western District of Louisiana and U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana, 1824--1828 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Russell, Donald S. Donald S. Russell </Td> <Td> Assistant Secretary of State for Administration, 1945--1947 </Td> <Td> Senator, South Carolina, 1965--1966 </Td> <Td> U.S. District Judge, U.S. District Court for the District of South Carolina, 1966--1971 U.S. Circuit Judge, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, 1971--1998 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Schwellenbach, Lewis B. Lewis B. Schwellenbach </Td> <Td> Secretary of Labor, 1945--1948 </Td> <Td> Senator, Washington, 1934--1940 </Td> <Td> U.S. District Judge, U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Washington, 1940--1945 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sherburne, John Samuel John Samuel Sherburne </Td> <Td> United States Attorney, District of New Hampshire, 1789--1793; 1801--1804 </Td> <Td> Representative, New Hampshire, 1793--1797 </Td> <Td> U.S. District Judge, U.S. District Court for the District of New Hampshire, 1804--1830 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Smith, Caleb Blood Caleb Blood Smith </Td> <Td> Secretary of the Interior, 1861--1862 </Td> <Td> Representative, Indiana, 1843--1849 </Td> <Td> U.S. District Judge, U.S. District Court for the District of Indiana, 1862--1864 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Speer, Emory Emory Speer </Td> <Td> United States Attorney, Northern District of Georgia, 1883--1885 </Td> <Td> Representative, Georgia, 1878--1882 </Td> <Td> U.S. District Judge, U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Georgia, 1885--1918 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Vaughan, Horace Worth Horace Worth Vaughan </Td> <Td> United States Attorney, District of Hawaii, 1915--1916 </Td> <Td> Representative, Texas, 1912--1914 </Td> <Td> U.S. District Judge, U.S. District Court for the District of Hawaii, 1916--1922 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Vinson, Fred M. Fred M. Vinson </Td> <Td> Director, Office of Economic Stabilization, 1943--1945 Secretary of the Treasury, 1945--1946 </Td> <Td> Representative from Kentucky, 1924--1929; 1931--1938 </Td> <Td> U.S. Circuit Judge, U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit, 1938--1943 Chief Justice of the United States, 1946--1953 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Waddill Jr., Edmund Edmund Waddill Jr . </Td> <Td> United States Attorney, Eastern District of Virginia, 1883--1885 </Td> <Td> Representative, Virginia, 1890--1891 </Td> <Td> U.S. District Judge, U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, 1898--1921 U.S. Circuit Judge, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, 1921--1931 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Wilkins, William William Wilkins </Td> <Td> Secretary of War, 1844--1845 </Td> <Td> Senator, Pennsylvania, 1831--1834 Representative, Pennsylvania, 1843--1844 </Td> <Td> U.S. District Judge, U.S. District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania, 1824--1831 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Wilson, James Clifton James Clifton Wilson </Td> <Td> United States Attorney, Northern District of Texas, 1913--1917 </Td> <Td> Representative, Texas, 1917--1919 </Td> <Td> U.S. District Judge, U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Texas, 1919--1951 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Woodbury, Levi Levi Woodbury </Td> <Td> Secretary of the Navy, 1831--1834 Secretary of the Treasury, 1834--1841 </Td> <Td> Senator, New Hampshire, 1825--1831; 1841--1845 </Td> <Td> Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, 1845--1851 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Th> Person </Th> <Th> Executive branch service </Th> <Th> Legislative branch service </Th> <Th> Judicial branch service </Th> </Tr>

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