<P> Environmental issues have been on the national agenda since 1970 . Environmental controversies include debates on oil and nuclear energy, dealing with air and water pollution, the economic costs of protecting wildlife, logging and deforestation, and international responses to global warming . Many federal and state agencies are involved . The most prominent is the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), created by presidential order in 1970 . The idea of wilderness has shaped the management of public lands since 1964, with the Wilderness Act . The Endangered Species Act of 1973 is intended to protect threatened and endangered species and their habitats, which are monitored by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan="4"> Historical population </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Census </Th> <Th> Pop . </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th>% ± </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1790 </Td> <Td> 3,929,214 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td>--</Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1800 </Td> <Td> 5,308,483 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 35.1% </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1810 </Td> <Td> 7,239,881 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 36.4% </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1820 </Td> <Td> 9,638,453 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 33.1% </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1830 </Td> <Td> 12,866,020 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 33.5% </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1840 </Td> <Td> 17,069,453 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 32.7% </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1850 </Td> <Td> 23,191,876 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 35.9% </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1860 </Td> <Td> 31,443,321 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 35.6% </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1870 </Td> <Td> 38,558,371 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 22.6% </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1880 </Td> <Td> 50,189,209 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 30.2% </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1890 </Td> <Td> 62,979,766 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 25.5% </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1900 </Td> <Td> 76,212,168 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 21.0% </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1910 </Td> <Td> 92,228,496 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 21.0% </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1920 </Td> <Td> 106,021,537 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 15.0% </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1930 </Td> <Td> 123,202,624 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 16.2% </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1940 </Td> <Td> 132,164,569 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7.3% </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1950 </Td> <Td> 151,325,798 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 14.5% </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1960 </Td> <Td> 179,323,175 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 18.5% </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1970 </Td> <Td> 203,211,926 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 13.3% </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1980 </Td> <Td> 226,545,805 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 11.5% </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 248,709,873 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 9.8% </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2000 </Td> <Td> 281,421,906 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 13.2% </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 308,745,538 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 9.7% </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Est. 2016 </Td> <Td> 323,127,513 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 4.7% </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="4"> 1610--1780 population data . Note that the census numbers do not include Native Americans until 1860 . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan="4"> Historical population </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Census </Th> <Th> Pop . </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th>% ± </Th> </Tr>

Where were the major american cities located during the first 50 years of independence