<P> Sound also became widely used in Hollywood in the late 1920s . After The Jazz Singer, the first film with synchronized voices was successfully released as a Vitaphone talkie in 1927, Hollywood film companies would respond to Warner Bros. and begin to use Vitaphone sound--which Warner Bros. owned until 1928--in future films . By May 1928, Electrical Research Product Incorporated (ERPI), a subsidiary of the Western Electric company, gained a monopoly over film sound distribution . </P> <P> A side effect of the "talkies" was that many actors who had made their careers in silent films suddenly found themselves out of work, as they often had bad voices or could not remember their lines . Meanwhile, in 1922, US politician Will H. Hays left politics and formed the movie studio boss organization known as the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America (MPPDA). The organization became the Motion Picture Association of America after Hays retired in 1945 . </P> <P> In the early times of talkies, American studios found that their sound productions were rejected in foreign - language markets and even among speakers of other dialects of English . The synchronization technology was still too primitive for dubbing . One of the solutions was creating parallel foreign - language versions of Hollywood films . Around 1930, the American companies opened a studio in Joinville - le - Pont, France, where the same sets and wardrobe and even mass scenes were used for different time - sharing crews . </P> <P> Also, foreign unemployed actors, playwrights, and winners of photogenia contests were chosen and brought to Hollywood, where they shot parallel versions of the English - language films . These parallel versions had a lower budget, were shot at night and were directed by second - line American directors who did not speak the foreign language . The Spanish - language crews included people like Luis Buñuel, Enrique Jardiel Poncela, Xavier Cugat, and Edgar Neville . The productions were not very successful in their intended markets, due to the following reasons: </P>

Hollywood became the center of american film production in part because