<P> Guglielmo Marconi, pioneer of radio, commissioned his assistant Charles Samuel Franklin to carry out a large scale study into the transmission characteristics of short wavelength waves and to determine their suitability for long distance transmissions . Franklin rigged up a large antenna at Poldhu Wireless Station, Cornwall, running on 25 kW of power . In June and July 1923, wireless transmissions were completed during nights on 97 meters from Poldhu to Marconi's yacht Elettra in the Cape Verde Islands . </P> <P> In September 1924, Marconi transmitted daytime and nighttime on 32 meters from Poldhu to his yacht in Beirut . Franklin went on to refine the directional transmission, by inventing the curtain array aerial system . In July 1924, Marconi entered into contracts with the British General Post Office (GPO) to install high speed shortwave telegraphy circuits from London to Australia, India, South Africa and Canada as the main element of the Imperial Wireless Chain . The UK - to - Canada shortwave "Beam Wireless Service" went into commercial operation on 25 October 1926 . Beam Wireless Services from the UK to Australia, South Africa and India went into service in 1927 . </P> <P> Shortwave communications began to grow rapidly in the 1920s, similar to the internet in the late 20th century . By 1928, more than half of long distance communications had moved from transoceanic cables and longwave wireless services to shortwave and the overall volume of transoceanic shortwave communications had vastly increased . Shortwave stations had cost and efficiency advantages over massive longwave wireless installations, however some commercial longwave communications stations remained in use until the 1960s . Long distance radio circuits also reduced the load on the existing transoceanic telegraph cables and hence the need for new cables, although the cables maintained their advantages of high security and a much more reliable and better quality signal than shortwave . </P> <P> The cable companies began to lose large sums of money in 1927, and a serious financial crisis threatened the viability of cable companies that were vital to strategic British interests . The British government convened the Imperial Wireless and Cable Conference in 1928 "to examine the situation that had arisen as a result of the competition of Beam Wireless with the Cable Services". It recommended and received Government approval for all overseas cable and wireless resources of the Empire to be merged into one system controlled by a newly formed company in 1929, Imperial and International Communications Ltd . The name of the company was changed to Cable and Wireless Ltd. in 1934 . </P>

What is the difference between shortwave and longwave radio
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