<P> A traditional local justice system called Gacaca predominated in much of the region as an institution for resolving conflict, rendering justice and reconciliation . The Tutsi king was the ultimate judge and arbiter for those cases that reached him . Despite the traditional nature of the system, harmony and cohesion had been established among Rwandans and within the kingdom since the beginning of Rwanda . </P> <P> The distinction between the three ethnic groups was somewhat fluid, in that Tutsis who lost their cattle due to a disease epidemic, such as rinderpest, sometimes would be considered Hutu . Likewise Hutu who obtained cattle would come to be considered Tutsi, thus climbing the ladder of the social strata . This social mobility ended abruptly with the onset of colonial administration . </P> <P> Unlike much of Africa, Rwanda and the Great Lakes region was not decided by the 1884 Berlin Conference . Rather the region was divided in an 1890 conference in Brussels . This gave Rwanda and Burundi to the German Empire as colonial spheres of interest in exchange for renouncing all claims on Uganda . The poor maps referenced in these agreements left Belgium with a claim on the western half of the country; after several border skirmishes the final borders of the colony were not established until 1900 . These borders contained the kingdom of Rwanda as well as a group of smaller kingdoms on the shore of Lake Victoria . </P> <P> In 1894 Rutarindwa inherited the kingdom from his father Rwabugiri IV, but many on the king's council were unhappy . There was a rebellion and the family was killed . Yuhi Musinga inherited the throne through his mother and uncles, but there was still dissent . </P>

Which european nation colonized rwanda during the berlin conference
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