<Tr> <Th> Age of rock </Th> <Td> Mesozoic </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Type of rock </Th> <Td> batholith and igneous </Td> </Tr> <P> The Sierra Nevada (/ siˌɛrə nɪˈvædə, - ˈvɑːdə /, Spanish: (ˈsjera neˈβaða), snowy saw range) is a mountain range in the Western United States, between the Central Valley of California and the Great Basin . The vast majority of the range lies in the state of California, although the Carson Range spur lies primarily in Nevada . The Sierra Nevada is part of the American Cordillera, a chain of mountain ranges that consists of an almost continuous sequence of such ranges that form the western "backbone" of North America, Central America, South America and Antarctica . </P> <P> The Sierra runs 400 miles (640 km) north - to - south, and is approximately 70 miles (110 km) across east - to - west . Notable Sierra features include Lake Tahoe, the largest alpine lake in North America; Mount Whitney at 14,505 ft (4,421 m), the highest point in the contiguous United States; and Yosemite Valley, sculpted by glaciers from one - hundred - million - year - old granite . The Sierra is home to three national parks, twenty wilderness areas, and two national monuments . These areas include Yosemite, Sequoia, and Kings Canyon National Parks; and Devils Postpile National Monument . </P>

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