<P> What began as a communication between president and Congress has become a communication between the president and the people of the United States . Since the advent of radio, and then television, the speech has been broadcast live on most networks, preempting scheduled programming . To reach the largest audience, the speech, once given during the day, is now typically given in the evening, after 9pm ET (UTC - 5). </P> <P> George Washington delivered the first regular annual message before a joint session of Congress on January 8, 1790, in New York City, then the provisional U.S. capital . In 1801, Thomas Jefferson discontinued the practice of delivering the address in person, regarding it as too monarchical (similar to the Speech from the Throne). Instead, the address was written and then sent to Congress to be read by a clerk until 1913 when Woodrow Wilson re-established the practice despite some initial controversy . However, there have been exceptions to this rule . Presidents during the latter half of the 20th century have sent written State of the Union addresses . The last President to do this was Jimmy Carter in 1981, after his defeat by Ronald Reagan and days before his term ended . </P> <P> For many years, the speech was referred to as "the President's Annual Message to Congress". The actual term "State of the Union" first emerged in 1934 when Franklin D. Roosevelt used the phrase, becoming its generally accepted name since 1947 . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Franklin Delano Roosevelt </Td> <Td> State of the Union (Four Freedoms) (January 6, 1941) Franklin Delano Roosevelt's January 6, 1941 State of the Union Address introducing the theme of the Four Freedoms (starting at 32: 02) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> Problems playing this file? See media help . </Td> </Tr> </Table>

What two presidents did not give a state of the union address