<Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article contains Vietnamese text . Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of chữ nôm, chữ Hán and chữ quốc ngữ . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article contains Vietnamese text . Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of chữ nôm, chữ Hán and chữ quốc ngữ . </Td> </Tr> <P> The culture of Vietnam is one of the oldest in Southeast Asia, with the ancient Bronze age Đông Sơn culture being widely considered one of its most important progenitors . Due to a millennium of Chinese rule, Vietnam was heavily influenced by Chinese culture in terms of politics, government, Confucian social and moral ethics, and art . Vietnam is considered to be part of the East Asian cultural sphere . </P> <P> Following independence from China in the 10th century, Vietnam began a southward expansion that saw the annexation of territories formerly belonging to the Champa civilization (now Central Vietnam) and parts of the Khmer empire (modern southern Vietnam), which resulted in minor regional variances in Vietnam's culture due to exposure to these different groups . </P>

The culture that had the greatest impact on vietnam was