<P> It also establishes extradition between the states, as well as laying down a legal basis for freedom of movement and travel amongst the states . Today, this provision is sometimes taken for granted, but in the days of the Articles of Confederation, crossing state lines was often arduous and costly . The Territorial Clause gives Congress the power to make rules for disposing of federal property and governing non-state territories of the United States . Finally, the fourth section of Article Four requires the United States to guarantee to each state a republican form of government, and to protect them from invasion and violence . </P> <P> Article Five outlines the process for amending the Constitution . Eight state constitutions in effect in 1787 included an amendment mechanism . Amendment making power rested with the legislature in three of the states and in the other five it was given to specially elected conventions . The Articles of Confederation provided that amendments were to be proposed by Congress and ratified by the unanimous vote of all thirteen state legislatures . This proved to be a major flaw in the Articles, as it created an insurmountable obstacle to constitutional reform . The amendment process crafted during the Philadelphia Constitutional Convention was, according to The Federalist No. 43, designed to establish a balance between pliancy and rigidity: </P> <P> It guards equally against that extreme facility which would render the Constitution too mutable; and that extreme difficulty which might perpetuate its discovered faults . It moreover equally enables the General and the State Governments to originate the amendment of errors, as they may be pointed out by the experience on one side, or on the other . </P> <P> There are two steps in the amendment process . Proposals to amend the Constitution must be properly adopted and ratified before they change the Constitution . First, there are two procedures for adopting the language of a proposed amendment, either by (a) Congress, by two - thirds majority in both the Senate and the House of Representatives, or (b) national convention (which shall take place whenever two - thirds of the state legislatures collectively call for one). Second, there are two procedures for ratifying the proposed amendment, which requires three - fourths of the states' (presently 38 of 50) approval: (a) consent of the state legislatures, or (b) consent of state ratifying conventions . The ratification method is chosen by Congress for each amendment . State ratifying conventions were used only once, for the Twenty - first Amendment . </P>

How many amendments are there to the u.s. constitution what are the first 10 named