<P> The American goldfinch is a small finch, 11--14 cm (4.3--5.5 in) long, with a wingspan of 19--22 cm (7.5--8.7 in). It weighs between 11--20 g (0.39--0.71 oz). Among standard measurements, the wing chord is 6.5 to 7.8 cm (2.6 to 3.1 in), the tail is 4.2 to 5.1 cm (1.7 to 2.0 in), the culmen is 0.9 to 1.1 cm (0.35 to 0.43 in) and the tarsus is 1.2 to 1.4 cm (0.47 to 0.55 in). The beak is small, conical, and pink for most of the year, but turns bright orange with the spring molt in both sexes . The shape and size of the beak aid in the extraction of seeds from the seed heads of thistles, sunflowers, and other plants . </P> <P> The American goldfinch undergoes a molt in the spring and autumn . It is the only cardueline finch to undergo a molt twice a year . During the winter molt it sheds all its feathers; in the spring, it sheds all but the wing and tail feathers, which are dark brown in the female and black in the male . The markings on these feathers remain through each molt, with bars on the wings and white under and at the edges of the short, notched tail . The sexual dimorphism displayed in plumage coloration is especially pronounced after the spring molt, when the bright color of the male's summer plumage is needed to attract a mate . </P> <P> Once the spring molt is complete, the body of the male is a brilliant lemon yellow, a color produced by carotenoid pigments from plant materials in its diet, with a striking jet black cap and white rump that is visible during flight . The female is mostly brown, lighter on the underside with a yellow bib . After the autumn molt, the bright summer feathers are replaced by duller plumage, becoming buff below and olive - brown above, with a pale yellow face and bib . The autumn plumage is almost identical in both sexes, but the male has yellow shoulder patches . In some winter ranges, the goldfinches lose all traces of yellow, becoming a predominantly medium tan - gray color with an olive tinge evident only on close viewing . </P> <P> The immature American goldfinch has a dull brown back, and the underside is pale yellow . The shoulders and tail are dull black with buff - colored, rather than white, markings on wings and rump . This coloration is the same in both genders . </P>

Do yellow finches change color in the winter
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