<Tr> <Th> Related items </Th> <Td> Dropping funnel Separatory funnel </Td> </Tr> <P> A Büchner funnel is a piece of laboratory equipment used in filtration . It is traditionally made of porcelain, but glass and plastic funnels are also available . On top of the funnel - shaped part there is a cylinder with a fritted glass disc / perforated plate separating it from the funnel . The Hirsch funnel has a similar design; it is used similarly, but for smaller quantities of material . The main difference is that the plate of a Hirsch funnel is much smaller, and the walls of the funnel angle outward instead of being vertical . </P> <P> A funnel with a fritted glass disc can be used immediately . For a funnel with a perforated plate, filtration material in the form of filter paper is placed on the plate, and the filter paper is moistened with a liquid to prevent initial leakage . The liquid to be filtered is poured into the cylinder and drawn through the perforated plate / fritted glass disc by vacuum suction . </P> <P> The main advantage in using this type of filtration is that it proceeds much more quickly (several orders of magnitude) than simply allowing the liquid to drain through the filter medium via the force of gravity . It is essential for the amount of liquid being used to be limited to less than what would overflow the flask, otherwise the liquid will be drawn into the vacuum equipment . If the vacuum is provided by a water flow device, an overflow of the liquid could result in the spilling of a hazardous liquid into the wastewater stream, a potential violation of the law, depending on the liquid . The potential for overflow and the potential for water to be drawn back into the flask can be reduced by using a trap between the flask and the vacuum source . </P>

1. briefly explain when you use buchner and when hirsch funnel for filtration