<Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <P> The Communist Party of India (CPI) (Bhāratīya Kamyunisṭ Pārṭī) is a communist party in India . There are different views on exactly when it was founded . The date maintained as the foundation day by the CPI is 26 December 1925 . The Communist Party of India (Marxist), which separated from the CPI, believes it was founded in 1920 . </P> <P> The Communist Party of India has officially stated that it was formed on 26 December 1925 at the first Party Conference in Kanpur . But as per the version of CPI (M), the Communist Party of India was founded in Tashkent, Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic on 17 October 1920, soon after the Second Congress of the Communist International . The founding members of the party were M.N. Roy, Evelyn Trent Roy (Roy's wife), Abani Mukherji, Rosa Fitingof (Abani's wife), Mohammad Ali (Ahmed Hasan), Mohammad Shafiq Siddiqui, Rafiq Ahmed of Bhopal and M.P.B.T. Aacharya, and Sultan Ahmed Khan Tarin of North - West Frontier Province . The CPI says that there were many communist groups formed by Indians with the help of foreigners in different parts of the world and the Tashkent group was only one of . contacts with Anushilan and Jugantar groups in Bengal . Small communist groups were formed in Bengal (led by Muzaffar Ahmed), Bombay (led by S.A. Dange), Madras (led by Singaravelu Chettiar), United Provinces (led by Shaukat Usmani) and Punjab and Sindh (led by Ghulam Hussain). However, only Usmani became a CPI party member . </P> <P> During the 1920s and the early 1930s the party was badly organised, and in practice there were several communist groups working with limited national coordination . The British colonial authorities had banned all communist activity, which made the task of building a united party very difficult . Between 1921 and 1924 there were three conspiracy trials against the communist movement; First Peshawar Conspiracy Case, Meerut Conspiracy Case and the kanpur Bolshevik Conspiracy Case . In the first three cases, Russian - trained muhajir communists were put on trial . However, the Cawnpore trial had more political impact . On 17 March 1924, M.N. Roy, S.A. Dange, Muzaffar Ahmed, Nalini Gupta, Shaukat Usmani, Singaravelu Chettiar, Ghulam Hussain and R.C. Sharma were charged, in Cawnpore (now spelt Kanpur) Bolshevik Conspiracy case . The specific pip charge was that they as communists were seeking "to deprive the King Emperor of his sovereignty of British India, by complete separation of India from imperialistic Britain by a violent revolution ." Pages of newspapers daily splashed sensational communist plans and people for the first time learned, on such a large scale, about communism and its doctrines and the aims of the Communist International in India . </P>

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