<P> Studying how the weather works on other planets has been helpful in understanding how weather works on Earth . A famous landmark in the Solar System, Jupiter's Great Red Spot, is an anticyclonic storm known to have existed for at least 300 years . However, weather is not limited to planetary bodies . A star's corona is constantly being lost to space, creating what is essentially a very thin atmosphere throughout the Solar System . The movement of mass ejected from the Sun is known as the solar wind . </P> <P> On Earth, the common weather phenomena include wind, cloud, rain, snow, fog and dust storms . Less common events include natural disasters such as tornadoes, hurricanes, typhoons and ice storms . Almost all familiar weather phenomena occur in the troposphere (the lower part of the atmosphere). Weather does occur in the stratosphere and can affect weather lower down in the troposphere, but the exact mechanisms are poorly understood . </P> <P> Weather occurs primarily due to air pressure, temperature and moisture differences between one place to another . These differences can occur due to the sun angle at any particular spot, which varies by latitude from the tropics . In other words, the farther from the tropics one lies, the lower the sun angle is, which causes those locations to be cooler due the spread of the sunlight over a greater surface . The strong temperature contrast between polar and tropical air gives rise to the large scale atmospheric circulation cells and the jet stream . Weather systems in the mid-latitudes, such as extratropical cyclones, are caused by instabilities of the jet stream flow (see baroclinity). Weather systems in the tropics, such as monsoons or organized thunderstorm systems, are caused by different processes . </P> <P> Because the Earth's axis is tilted relative to its orbital plane, sunlight is incident at different angles at different times of the year . In June the Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the sun, so at any given Northern Hemisphere latitude sunlight falls more directly on that spot than in December (see Effect of sun angle on climate). This effect causes seasons . Over thousands to hundreds of thousands of years, changes in Earth's orbital parameters affect the amount and distribution of solar energy received by the Earth and influence long - term climate . (See Milankovitch cycles). </P>

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