<P> On 17 February 2009, U.S. President Barack Obama signed the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, an $787 billion stimulus package with a broad spectrum of spending and tax cuts . Over $75 billion of the package was specifically allocated to programs which help struggling homeowners . This program is referred to as the Homeowner Affordability and Stability Plan . </P> <P> The U.S. government continued to run large deficits post-crisis, with the national debt rising from $10.0 trillion as of September 2008 to $16.1 trillion by September 2012 . The debt increases were $1.89 trillion in fiscal year 2009, $1.65 trillion in 2010, $1.23 trillion in 2011, and $1.26 trillion in 2012 . </P> <P> Losses on mortgage - backed securities and other assets purchased with borrowed money have dramatically reduced the capital base of financial institutions, rendering many either insolvent or less capable of lending . Governments have provided funds to banks . Some banks have taken significant steps to acquire additional capital from private sources . </P> <P> The U.S. government passed the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (EESA or TARP) during October 2008 . This law included $700 billion in funding for the "Troubled Assets Relief Program" (TARP). Following a model initiated by the United Kingdom bank rescue package, $205 billion was used in the Capital Purchase Program to lend funds to banks in exchange for dividend - paying preferred stock . </P>

The economic recovery of the u.s. during the 1990s included all of the following factors except