<Ol> <Li> From the fall of Smederevo until conquest of Belgrade, Mačva and Vojvodina </Li> </Ol> <Li> From the fall of Smederevo until conquest of Belgrade, Mačva and Vojvodina </Li> <P> Serbia (/ ˈsɜːrbiə / (listen), Serbian: Србија / Srbija, IPA: (sř̩bija)), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian: Република Србија / Republika Srbija), is a landlocked country situated at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe in the southern Pannonian Plain and the central Balkans . It borders Hungary to the north; Romania and Bulgaria to the east; Macedonia to the south; Croatia, Bosnia, Montenegro to the west and claims a border with Albania through the disputed territory of Kosovo . Serbia numbers around 7 million residents; its capital, Belgrade, ranks among the oldest and largest cities in Southeastern Europe . </P> <P> Following the Slavic migrations to the Balkans postdating the 6th century, Serbs established several states in the early Middle Ages . The Serbian Kingdom obtained recognition by Rome and the Byzantine Empire in 1217, reaching its peak in 1346 as a relatively short - lived Serbian Empire . By the mid-16th century, the entire modern - day Serbia was annexed by the Ottomans, at times interrupted by the Habsburg Empire, which started expanding towards Central Serbia from the end of the 17th century, while maintaining a foothold in modern - day Vojvodina . In the early 19th century, the Serbian Revolution established the nation - state as the region's first constitutional monarchy, which subsequently expanded its territory . Following disastrous casualties in World War I, and the subsequent unification of the former Habsburg crownland of Vojvodina (and other territories) with Serbia, the country co-founded Yugoslavia with other South Slavic peoples, which would exist in various political formations until the Yugoslav Wars of the 1990s . During the breakup of Yugoslavia, Serbia formed a union with Montenegro which dissolved peacefully in 2006, when Serbia reestablished its independence . In 2008, the parliament of the province of Kosovo unilaterally declared independence, with mixed responses from the international community . </P>

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