<P> The remaining troops in Britannia elevated a succession of imperial usurpers . The last, Constantine III, raised an army from the remaining troops in Britannia, invaded Gaul and defeated forces loyal to Honorius led by Sarus . Constantine's power reached its peak in 409 when he controlled Gaul and beyond, he was joint consul with Honorius and his magister militum Gerontius defeated the last Roman force to try to hold the borders of Hispania . It was led by relatives of Honorius; Constantine executed them . Gerontius went to Hispania where he may have settled the Sueves and the Asding Vandals . Gerontius then fell out with his master and elevated one Maximus as his own puppet emperor . He defeated Constantine and was besieging him in Arelate when Honorius's general Constantius arrived from Italy with an army (possibly, mainly of Hun mercenaries). Gerontius's troops deserted him and he committed suicide . Constantius continued the siege, defeating a relieving army . Constantine surrendered in 411 with a promise that his life would be spared, and was executed . </P> <P> In 410, the Roman civitates of Britannia rebelled against Constantine and evicted his officials . They asked for help from Honorius, who replied that they should look to their own defence . While the British may have regarded themselves as Roman for several generations, and British armies may at times have fought in Gaul, no central Roman government is known to have appointed officials in Britannia thereafter . </P> <P> In 411, Jovinus rebelled and took over Constantine's remaining troops on the Rhine . He relied on the support of Burgundians and Alans to whom he offered supplies and land . In 413 Jovinus also recruited Sarus; Ataulf destroyed their regime in the name of Honorius and both Jovinus and Sarus were executed . The Burgundians were settled on the left bank of the Rhine . Ataulf then operated in the south of Gaul, sometimes with short - term supplies from the Romans . All usurpers had been defeated, but large barbarian groups remained un-subdued in both Gaul and Hispania. . The imperial government was quick to restore the Rhine frontier . The invading tribes of 407 had passed into Spain at the end of 409 but the Visigoths had exited Italy at the beginning of 412 and settled themselves in Narbo . </P> <P> Heraclianus was still in command in the diocese of Africa, the last of the clique that overthrew Stilicho to retain power . In 413 he led an invasion of Italy, lost to a subordinate of Constantius, and fled back to Africa where he was murdered by Constantius's agents . </P>

When did the fall of the western roman empire happen