<P> Because of the power of the Solid South white Democrats in Congress, who insisted on racial segregation, the New Deal programs were racially segregated; blacks and whites rarely worked alongside each other . At this time, all the states of the South had passed legislation imposing racial segregation and, since the turn of the century, laws and constitutional provisions that disenfranchised most blacks; they were excluded from formal politics . Because of discrimination by white officials at the local and state levels, blacks in the South did not receive as many benefits as whites from New Deal programs . </P> <P> In the first few weeks of operation, CCC camps in the North were integrated . By July 1935, however, all the camps in the United States were segregated . </P> <P> A total of 200,000 blacks were enrolled in the CCC; they served in 143 all - black camps and received equal pay and housing . Black leaders lobbied to secure leadership roles . Adult white men held the major leadership roles in all the camps . Director Fechner refused to appoint black adults to any supervisory positions except that of education director in the all - black camps . </P> <P> The CCC operated a separate division for members of federally recognized tribes: the Indian Emergency Conservation Work (IECW or CCC - ID). Native men from reservations worked on roads, bridges, clinics, shelters, and other public works near their reservations . Although they were organized as groups classified as camps, no permanent camps were established for Native Americans . Instead, organized groups moved with their families from project to project and were provided with an additional rental allowance in their pay . The CCC often provided the only paid work, as many reservations were in remote rural areas . Enrollees had to be between the ages of 17 and 35 . </P>

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