<P> In the history of the carnivores, the family Canidae is represented by the two extinct subfamilies designated as Hesperocyoninae and Borophaginae, and the extant subfamily Caninae . This subfamily includes all living canids and their most recent fossil relatives . All living canids as a group form a dental monophyletic relationship with the extinct borophagines with both groups having a bicuspid (two points) on the lower carnassial talonid, which gives this tooth an additional ability in mastication . This together with the development of a distinct entoconid cusp and the broadening of the talonid of the first lower molar, and the corresponding enlargement of the talon of the upper first molar and reduction of its parastyle distinguish these late Cenozoic canids and are the essential differences that identify their clade . </P> <P> Within the Canidae, the results of allozyme and chromosome analyses have previously suggested several phylogenetic divisions: </P> <Ol> <Li> The wolf - like canids, (genus Canis, Cuon and Lycaon) including the dog (Canis lupus familiaris), gray wolf (Canis lupus), red wolf (Canis rufus), eastern wolf (Canis lycaon), coyote (Canis latrans), golden jackal (Canis aureus), Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis), black - backed jackal (Canis mesomelas), side - striped jackal (Canis adustus), dhole (Cuon alpinus), and African wild dog (Lycaon pictus). </Li> <Li> The fox - like canids, which include the kit fox (Vulpes velox), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), Cape fox (Vulpes chama), Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus), and fennec fox (Vulpes zerda). </Li> <Li> The South American canids, including the bush dog (Speothos venaticus), hoary fox (Lycalopex uetulus), crab - eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) and maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus). </Li> <Li> Various monotypic taxa, including the bat - eared fox (Otocyon megalotis), gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), and raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides). </Li> </Ol> <Li> The wolf - like canids, (genus Canis, Cuon and Lycaon) including the dog (Canis lupus familiaris), gray wolf (Canis lupus), red wolf (Canis rufus), eastern wolf (Canis lycaon), coyote (Canis latrans), golden jackal (Canis aureus), Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis), black - backed jackal (Canis mesomelas), side - striped jackal (Canis adustus), dhole (Cuon alpinus), and African wild dog (Lycaon pictus). </Li>

List of animals that belong to the dog family
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