<P> The Maryland Senate is the upper house of the Maryland General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. State of Maryland . One Senator is elected from each of the state's 47 electoral districts . As of January 2015, 33 of those seats are held by Democrats and 14 by Republicans . The leader of the Senate is known as the President, a position currently held by Thomas V. Mike Miller, Jr., who represents Calvert, Charles and Prince George's counties . In addition, Senators elect a President Pro Tempore, and the respective party caucuses elect a majority and minority leader and a majority and minority whip . </P> <P> Senators are elected in even - numbered years when the President of the United States is not being elected, similar to most other state offices in Maryland . The most recent election was in November 2014 . Senators are not term - limited . Should a Senator resign from office before his or her term expires, the local central committee of the party to which the retiring senator belonged makes a recommendation to the Governor for whom to appoint to the open seat . It is tradition for the Governor to appoint the recommended person . Four of the current members of the Maryland State Senate were originally appointed, two of whom have since been elected in their own right . Newly elected Senators are sworn in and begin work on the second Wednesday of the January following their election . </P>

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