<P> Pascal's calculator (also known as the arithmetic machine or Pascaline) is a mechanical calculator invented by Blaise Pascal in the early 17th century . Pascal was led to develop a calculator by the laborious arithmetical calculations required by his father's work as supervisor of taxes in Rouen . He designed the machine to add and subtract two numbers directly and to perform multiplication and division through repeated addition or subtraction . </P> <P> Pascal's calculator was especially successful in the design of its carry mechanism, which adds 1 to 9 on one dial, and when it changes from 9 to 0, carries 1 to the next dial . His innovation made each digit independent of the state of the others, which enabled multiple carries to rapidly cascade from one digit to another regardless of the machine's capacity . Pascal was also the first to shrink and adapt for his purpose a lantern gear, used in turret clocks and water wheels, which could resist the strength of any operator input with very little added friction . </P> <P> Pascal designed the machine in 1642, and after 50 prototypes, he presented it to the public in 1645, dedicating it to Pierre Séguier, then chancellor of France . Pascal built around twenty more machines during the next decade, many of which improved on his original design . In 1649, King Louis XIV of France gave Pascal a royal privilege (similar to a patent), which gave him the exclusive right to design and manufacture calculating machines in France . Nine Pascal calculators presently exist; most are on display in European museums . </P> <P> Many later calculators either were directly inspired by, or shaped by the same historical influences which led to, Pascal's invention . Gottfried Leibniz invented his Leibniz wheels after 1671, after trying to add an automatic multiplication feature to the Pascaline . In 1820, Thomas de Colmar designed his arithmometer, the first mechanical calculator strong enough and reliable enough to be used daily in an office environment . It is not clear whether he ever saw Leibniz's device, but he either re-invented it or utilised Leibniz's invention of the step drum . </P>

Who invented the first automatic calculater in 1642
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