<P> In surgery there are 3 main phases: preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative . These phases collectively are known as the perioperative period . Perioperative nursing is the way by which nursing care is provided . Each phase is related to specific activities carried out and skills needed for different stages of nursing . </P> <P> This stage is undertaken when the patient decides to have surgery . Preoperative phase, which includes discussing to the patients about all the benefits of the procedure but also the dangers that could occur . By giving this information to the patients prior their operation, it's a good chance for the patient to discuss any concerns they may have . Also the theatre nurses must making sure that the patients are in good health, before going ahead with the surgery . While it is very important to prepare a patient physically it is also important to mentally prepare a patient prior to surgery . A surgical nurse will help prepare the patient using various methods often including family members depending on the situation . The patient will normally express any concerns about the surgery to the nurse, this information will be passed on to other hospital staff including the surgeon, the appropriate actions will be taken dependant on the situation . </P> <P> This stage begins when the ward nurse, who has prepared the patient for surgery, delivers the patient and their notes to the theatre and / or anaesthetic nurse . Many checks are undertaken in this stage to ensure a safe environment for the patient and the theatre staff . The theatre nurse carries out activities to maintain a sterile environment and to ensure the surgical equipment is working well . The nurse also organises all surgical instruments and ensures all supplies needed during the surgery are available . </P> <P> This phase begins when the theatre / anaesthetic nurse delivers the patients notes to the nurses and staff in the Post-Anaesthetic Care Unit (PACU). This can also be known as the recovery room . Here the nurse's immediate attention is on checking the patient's airway and breathing . In this phase nurses also attend to pain relief and any other complications following surgery . These nurses, often in day surgery cases, attend to provide patients and their caregivers with support and instructions and requirements needed for home care . </P>

The focus of nursing care in the intraoperative phase is to
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