<Li> activating macrophages and natural killer cells, enabling them to destroy pathogens; and </Li> <Li> stimulating cells to secrete a variety of cytokines that influence the function of other cells involved in adaptive immune responses and innate immune responses . </Li> <P> Cell - mediated immunity is directed primarily at microbes that survive in phagocytes and microbes that infect non-phagocytic cells . It is most effective in removing virus - infected cells, but also participates in defending against fungi, protozoans, cancers, and intracellular bacteria . It also plays a major role in transplant rejection . </P>

Which cells are involved in both cellular and humoral reactions during an immune response