<P> According to technology writer Nicholas Carr, technology has always determined the development of the brain and the way we think throughout History . As he illustrates with examples of reading and the rise in the use of internet . He observes that development of reading habits motivated our brains to be concentrate on the text and imagine, whereas the over exposure of internet reinforce our capability to scan and filter information productively and easily . (Taylor, 2012, #14) Attention is the key requisite which paves the way to all aspects of learning viz . perception, memory, language, creativity, reasoning, problem solving and decision making . Attention has been considered to be a highly malleable quality which can be influenced by the environment . Research shows that the invention of digital entertainment changed the attention span by presenting children with visual stimuli and very little need of imagination . In such an environment distraction becomes the norm and memory, focusing gets affected . This is in sharp contradiction to the children of the past who spent a great amount of their time reading, which requires deep and consistent attention, imagination, memory and which gave way to minimal distractions . (Taylor, 2012, #14) </P> <P> However studies have shown that a visual media improves visual - spatial capabilities (Green, Bavelier 2010, #15) and capacity to identify relevant information in text filled with hyperlinks and ads . Thus technology maybe making children viewing information differently compared to the children of yesteryear . In short children are more skilled at remembering where to find information rather than remembering information itself . Thus the brain may be allowed to be involved in higher order activities such as contemplation, critical thinking and problem solving . (Taylor, 2012, #14) </P> <P> Feel / ability to empathize According to a study on two groups of sixth - graders, kids who had no access to electronic devices for five days picked up on emotions and non-verbal cues better than those who used their devices during that time . (De Loatch, 2015, #16) </P> <P> Ecological systems theory (Bronfenbrenner, 1979) emerged before the advent of Internet revolution and the developmental influence of then available technology (e.g., television) was conceptually situated in the child's microsystem . Johnson and Puplampu (2008) proposed the ecological techno - subsystem, a dimension of the microsystem . Ecological techno - subsystem, a refinement to Bronfenbrenner's theoretical organization of environmental influences on child development . </P>

Which of these is not a level of the bioecological approach to development