<P> The arguments against ratification by the Anti-Federalists agreed that the federal courts would have the power of judicial review, though the Anti-Federalists viewed this negatively . Robert Yates, writing under the pseudonym "Brutus", stated: </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> "</Td> <Td> (T) he judges under this constitution will control the legislature, for the supreme court are authorised in the last resort, to determine what is the extent of the powers of the Congress . They are to give the constitution an explanation, and there is no power above them to set aside their judgment...The supreme court then have a right, independent of the legislature, to give a construction to the constitution and every part of it, and there is no power provided in this system to correct their construction or do it away . If, therefore, the legislature pass any laws, inconsistent with the sense the judges put upon the constitution, they will declare it void . </Td> <Td>" </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Td> "</Td> <Td> (T) he judges under this constitution will control the legislature, for the supreme court are authorised in the last resort, to determine what is the extent of the powers of the Congress . They are to give the constitution an explanation, and there is no power above them to set aside their judgment...The supreme court then have a right, independent of the legislature, to give a construction to the constitution and every part of it, and there is no power provided in this system to correct their construction or do it away . If, therefore, the legislature pass any laws, inconsistent with the sense the judges put upon the constitution, they will declare it void . </Td> <Td>" </Td> </Tr> <P> The first Congress passed the Judiciary Act of 1789, establishing the lower federal courts and specifying the details of federal court jurisdiction . Section 25 of the Judiciary Act provided for the Supreme Court to hear appeals from state courts when the state court decided that a federal statute was invalid, or when the state court upheld a state statute against a claim that the state statute was repugnant to the Constitution . This provision gave the Supreme Court the power to review state court decisions involving the constitutionality of both federal statutes and state statutes . The Judiciary Act thereby incorporated the concept of judicial review . </P>

Why do you think the framers limited the original jurisdiction of the supreme court