<P> The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1989 strongly influenced Mongolian politics and youth . Its people undertook the peaceful Democratic Revolution in 1990 and the introduction of a multi-party system and a market economy . </P> <P> A new constitution was introduced in 1992, and the "People's Republic" was dropped from the country's name . The transition to market economy has often been rocky; during the early 1990s the country had to deal with high inflation and food shortages . The first election victories for non-communist parties came in 1993 (presidential elections) and 1996 (parliamentary elections). China has supported Mongolia's application for membership in to the Asia Cooperation Dialogue (ACD), Asia - Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) and granting it observer status in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization . </P> <P> At 1,564,116 km (603,909 sq mi), Mongolia is the world's 18th - largest country (after Iran). It is significantly larger than the next - largest country, Peru . It mostly lies between latitudes 41 ° and 52 ° N (a small area is north of 52 °), and longitudes 87 ° and 120 ° E. As a point of reference the northernmost part of Mongolia is on roughly the same latitude as Berlin (Germany) and Amsterdam (Netherlands), while the southernmost part is on roughly the same latitude as Rome (Italy) and Chicago (USA). The westernmost part of Mongolia is on roughly the same longitude as Kolkata (India), while the easternmost part is on the same longitude as Qinhuangdao (China) and Hangzhou (China), as well as the western edge of Taiwan . Although Mongolia does not share a border with Kazakhstan, its westernmost point is only 36.76 kilometres (22.84 mi) from Kazakhstan . </P> <P> The geography of Mongolia is varied, with the Gobi Desert to the south and with cold and mountainous regions to the north and west . Much of Mongolia consists of the Mongolian - Manchurian grassland steppe, with forested areas comprising 11.2% of the total land area, a higher percentage than the Republic of Ireland (10%). The whole of Mongolia is considered to be part of the Mongolian Plateau . The highest point in Mongolia is the Khüiten Peak in the Tavan bogd massif in the far west at 4,374 m (14,350 ft). The basin of the Uvs Lake, shared with Tuva Republic in Russia, is a natural World Heritage Site . </P>

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