<P> The primary steps in the commercialization of sound cinema were taken in the mid - to late 1920s . At first, the sound films which included synchronized dialogue, known as "talking pictures", or "talkies", were exclusively shorts . The earliest feature - length movies with recorded sound included only music and effects . The first feature film originally presented as a talkie was The Jazz Singer, released in October 1927 . A major hit, it was made with Vitaphone, which was at the time the leading brand of sound - on - disc technology . Sound - on - film, however, would soon become the standard for talking pictures . </P> <P> By the early 1930s, the talkies were a global phenomenon . In the United States, they helped secure Hollywood's position as one of the world's most powerful cultural / commercial centers of influence (see Cinema of the United States). In Europe (and, to a lesser degree, elsewhere), the new development was treated with suspicion by many filmmakers and critics, who worried that a focus on dialogue would subvert the unique aesthetic virtues of soundless cinema . In Japan, where the popular film tradition integrated silent movie and live vocal performance, talking pictures were slow to take root . In India, sound was the transformative element that led to the rapid expansion of the nation's film industry . </P> <P> The idea of combining motion pictures with recorded sound is nearly as old as the concept of cinema itself . On February 27, 1888, a couple of days after photographic pioneer Eadweard Muybridge gave a lecture not far from the laboratory of Thomas Edison, the two inventors privately met . Muybridge later claimed that on this occasion, six years before the first commercial motion picture exhibition, he proposed a scheme for sound cinema that would combine his image - casting zoopraxiscope with Edison's recorded - sound technology . No agreement was reached, but within a year Edison commissioned the development of the Kinetoscope, essentially a "peep - show" system, as a visual complement to his cylinder phonograph . The two devices were brought together as the Kinetophone in 1895, but individual, cabinet viewing of motion pictures was soon to be outmoded by successes in film projection . In 1899, a projected sound - film system known as Cinemacrophonograph or Phonorama, based primarily on the work of Swiss - born inventor François Dussaud, was exhibited in Paris; similar to the Kinetophone, the system required individual use of earphones . An improved cylinder - based system, Phono - Cinéma - Théâtre, was developed by Clément - Maurice Gratioulet and Henri Lioret of France, allowing short films of theater, opera, and ballet excerpts to be presented at the Paris Exposition in 1900 . These appear to be the first publicly exhibited films with projection of both image and recorded sound . Phonorama and yet another sound - film system--Théâtroscope--were also presented at the Exposition . </P> <P> Three major problems persisted, leading to motion pictures and sound recording largely taking separate paths for a generation . The primary issue was synchronization: pictures and sound were recorded and played back by separate devices, which were difficult to start and maintain in tandem . Sufficient playback volume was also hard to achieve . While motion picture projectors soon allowed film to be shown to large theater audiences, audio technology before the development of electric amplification could not project satisfactorily to fill large spaces . Finally, there was the challenge of recording fidelity . The primitive systems of the era produced sound of very low quality unless the performers were stationed directly in front of the cumbersome recording devices (acoustical horns, for the most part), imposing severe limits on the sort of films that could be created with live - recorded sound . </P>

When did the first pairing of music and film take place