<P> Some views in Jewish philosophy stress that free will is a product of the intrinsic human soul, using the word neshama (from the Hebrew root n. sh. m. or . נ. ש. מ meaning "breath"), but the ability to make a free choice is through Yechida (from Hebrew word "yachid", יחיד, singular), the part of the soul that is united with God, the only being that is not hindered by or dependent on cause and effect (thus, freedom of will does not belong to the realm of the physical reality, and inability of natural philosophy to account for it is expected). This understanding is developed in Kabbalistic circles from medieval times and later . </P> <P> In Islam the theological issue is not usually how to reconcile free will with God's foreknowledge, but with God's jabr, or divine commanding power . al - Ash'ari developed an "acquisition" or "dual - agency" form of compatibilism, in which human free will and divine jabr were both asserted, and which became a cornerstone of the dominant Ash'ari position . In Shia Islam, Ash'aris understanding of a higher balance toward predestination is challenged by most theologians . Free will, according to Islamic doctrine is the main factor for man's accountability in his / her actions throughout life . Actions taken by people exercising free will are counted on the Day of Judgement because they are their own; however, the free will happens with the permission of God . </P> <P> The philosopher Søren Kierkegaard claimed that divine omnipotence cannot be separated from divine goodness . As a truly omnipotent and good being, God could create beings with true freedom over God . Furthermore, God would voluntarily do so because "the greatest good...which can be done for a being, greater than anything else that one can do for it, is to be truly free ." Alvin Plantinga's "free will defense" is a contemporary expansion of this theme, adding how God, free will, and evil are consistent . </P> <P> Some philosophers follow William of Ockham in holding that necessity and possibility are defined with respect to a given point in time and a given matrix of empirical circumstances, and so something that is merely possible from the perspective of one observer may be necessary from the perspective of an omniscient . Some philosophers follow Philo of Alexandria, a philosopher known for his homocentrism, in holding that free will is a feature of a human's soul, and thus that non-human animals lack free will . </P>

A claim that suggests that something will or will not happen is a claim of