<P> Large - scale migrations of the Mesolithic to Neolithic era are thought to have given rise to the pre-modern distribution of the world's major language families such as the Niger - Congo, Nilo - Saharan, Afro - Asiatic, Uralic, Sino - Tibetan or Indo - European phyla . The speculative Nostratic theory postulates the derivation of the major language families of Eurasia (excluding Sino - Tibetan) from a single proto - languages spoken at the beginning of the Holocene period . </P> <P> Evidence published in 2014 from genome analysis of ancient human remains suggests that the modern native populations of Europe largely descend from three distinct lineages: "Western Hunter - Gatherers", derivative of the Cro - Magnon population of Europe, Early European Farmers introduced to Europe from the Near East during the Neolithic Revolution and Ancient North Eurasians which expanded to Europe in the context of the Indo - European expansion . </P> <P> The Afroasiatic Urheimat has been placed in either Africa or Asia . </P> <P> The Nilotic peoples are thought to be derived from an earlier undifferentiated Eastern Sudanic unity by the 3rd millennium BC . The development of the Proto - Nilotes as a group may have been connected with their domestication of livestock . The Eastern Sudanic unity must have been considerably earlier still, perhaps around the 5th millennium BC (while the proposed Nilo - Saharan unity would date to the Upper Paleolithic about 15kya). The original locus of the early Nilotic speakers was presumably east of the Nile in what is now South Sudan . The Proto - Nilotes of the 3rd millennium BC were pastoralists, while their neighbors, the Proto - Central Sudanic peoples, were mostly agriculturalists . </P>

Using the map which of the following hominids migrated to the western hemisphere