<P> In terms of how biomass is used as fuel, percentages were gathered in the United States of 2016 . 5% is considered primary energy in the U.S. Making up that 5% of primary energy, about 48% comes from biofuels (mostly ethanol), 41% from wood based biomass, and around 11% from municipal waste . </P> <P> Historically, humans have harnessed biomass - derived energy since the time when people began burning wood to make fire . Even today, biomass is the only source of fuel for domestic use in many developing countries . Biomass is all biologically - produced matter based in carbon, hydrogen and oxygen . The estimated biomass production in the world is 104.9 petagrams (104.9 × 10 g--about 105 billion metric tons) of carbon per year, about half in the ocean and half on land . </P> <P> Wood remains the largest biomass energy source today; examples include forest residues (such as dead trees, branches and tree stumps), yard clippings, wood chips and even municipal solid waste . Wood energy is derived by using lignocellulosic biomass (second - generation biofuels) as fuel . Harvested wood may be used directly as a fuel or collected from wood waste streams to be processed into pellet fuel or other forms of fuels . The largest source of energy from wood is pulping liquor or "black liquor," a waste product from processes of the pulp, paper and paperboard industry . In the second sense, biomass includes plant or animal matter that can be converted into fibers or other industrial chemicals, including biofuels . Industrial biomass can be grown from numerous types of plants, including miscanthus, switchgrass, hemp, corn, poplar, willow, sorghum, sugarcane, bamboo, and a variety of tree species, ranging from eucalyptus to oil palm (palm oil). </P> <P> Based on the source of biomass, biofuels are classified broadly into two major categories . First - generation biofuels are derived from sources such as sugarcane and corn starch . Sugars present in this biomass are fermented to produce bioethanol, an alcohol fuel which can be used directly in a fuel cell to produce electricity or serve as an additive to gasoline . However, utilizing food - based resources for fuel production only aggravates the food shortage problem . Second - generation biofuels, on the other hand, utilize non-food - based biomass sources such as agriculture and municipal waste . These biofuels mostly consist of lignocellulosic biomass, which is not edible and is a low - value waste for many industries . Despite being the favored alternative, economical production of second - generation biofuel is not yet achieved due to technological issues . These issues arise mainly due to chemical inertness and structural rigidity of lignocellulosic biomass . </P>

Where can biomass be found in the world
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