<P> Prejudicial bias of the decision - maker or from political decree are among the most publicized causes of kangaroo courts . Such proceedings are often held to give the appearance of a fair and just trial, even though the verdict has in reality already been decided before the trial has begun . An example is the trial of Pol Pot and his brother Ieng San by the People's Revolutionary Tribunal in Cambodia in August 1979 . After a lengthy trial with a duration of five days, both were sentenced to death in absentia on August 19, 1979 . Conclusive evidence suggests that the verdicts and the sentencing papers had been prepared in advance of the trial . Relying on this evidence the United Nations proceeded to delegitimize the tribunal stating that it did not comply with standards of international law . </P> <P> A kangaroo court could also develop when the structure and operation of the forum result in an inferior brand of adjudication . A common example of this is when institutional disputants ("repeat players") have excessive and unfair structural advantages over individual disputants ("one - shot players"). . </P> <P> Although the term kangaroo court has been erroneously explained to have its origin from Australia's courts while it was a penal colony, the first published instance is from an American source in the year 1853 . Some sources suggest that it may have been popularized during the California Gold Rush of 1849, along with mustang court, as a description of the hastily carried - out proceedings used to deal with the issue of claim jumping miners . Ostensibly the term comes from the notion of justice proceeding "by leaps", like a kangaroo--in other words, "jumping over" (intentionally ignoring) evidence that would be in favour of the defendant . Another possibility is that the phrase could refer to the pouch of a kangaroo, meaning the court is in someone's pocket . The phrase is popular in the UK, US, Australia and New Zealand and is still in common use . Also note the existence of the phrase "Jumping to conclusions". </P> <P> The term is sometimes used without any negative connotation . For example, many Major League Baseball teams have a kangaroo court to punish players for errors and other mistakes on the field, as well as for being late for a game or practice, not wearing proper attire to road games, or having a messy locker in the clubhouse . Fines are allotted, and at the end of the year, the money collected is given to charity . The organization may also use the money for a team party at the end of the season . </P>

Where did the expression kangaroo court come from
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