<P> The loss of Livy's Books XI - XV means that much less information is available for the years 292 - 264 BC than the preceding decades . It is however clear that Roman expansion continued at an increasing pace, leading to the Roman Republic growing from being the dominant state of central Italy to becoming the hegemon of the entire peninsula . In 290 BC the Roman consul Manius Curius Dentatus conquered the Sabines, who were annexed into the Roman state as citizens without a vote . During 284 - 280 BC the Romans fought a war against the Etruscans and Gauls in northern Italy . After first being defeated at the battle of Arretium, Rome won a decisive victory against the Gauls at the battle of Lake Vadimo leading to the Roman annexation of the ager Gallicus . </P> <P> Simultaneous with these wars Rome's influence in the south was growing . In 285 or 284 BC the Greek city of Thurii appealed to Rome for aid against the Lucanians and Bruttians . In 284 BC, after defeating the Lucanians and Bruttians in battle, Rome installed a garrison in Thurii, supported by a small Roman fleet . This provoked the city of Tarentum, who had long considered herself the dominant Greek city in Magna Graecia . The Tarentines sunk the Roman fleet and captured Thurii, but having drawn the wrath of Rome, realized they needed allies to have any hopes of standing against Rome . Their choice fell on Pyrrhus, king of Epirus and a famous general . Pyrrhus crossed the sea to Italy with his army in 280 BC and that same year defeated the Romans at the battle of Heraclea and again the next year at the battle of Ausculum . These victories however proved to be strategically indecisive when they failed to convince Rome to accept peace on Pyrrhus' terms . With no end in sight Pyrrhus in 278 BC departed for Sicily to aid the Greek cities there against Carthage . He returned to Italy in 275 BC, but this time was defeated by the Romans at the battle of Beneventum . Pyrrhus then left Italy for Greece and after his death in 272 BC the Epirote garrison at Tarentum surrendered the city to the Romans, bringing the Pyrrhic war to an end . While details on these campaigns are scarce, there must also in these years have been extensive fighting between Rome and the Samnites, Lucanians and Bruttians . Roman victories against various combinations of these three peoples are recorded for every single year from 282 to 272 BC . </P> <P> In the years following the Pyrrhic War, Rome completed the conquest of Italy by subduing the Umbrians and Picentes in the north and the Sallentini and Messapii in the south - east . In 264 BC the consul Marcus Fulvius Flaccus put down a social uprising in the Etruscan city of Volsinii and reinstalled the old ruling families in power . That same year his colleague Appius Claudius Caudex led a Roman army across to Sicily, starting the First Punic War and a new phase in the history of the Roman Republic . </P>

When did rome gain control of territory outside of italy
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