<P> In Scotland, a similar system to the English one was trialled in Grangemouth middle schools, Falkirk between 1975 and 1987 . The label of junior high school is used for some through schools in Orkney and Shetland which cater for pupils from 5 up to the age of 14, at which point they transfer to a nearby secondary school . </P> <P> In Northern Ireland, in the Armagh, Banbridge and Craigavon District Council area in County Armagh, the Dickson Plan operates, whereby pupils attend a primary school from ages 4--10, a junior high school from 11--14, and a senior high school or grammar school from 14--19 . This is not dissimilar to the middle school system . </P> <P> Middle schools in the United States usually cover grades 5 - 8, 6 - 8, 7 - 8, or 7 - 9 . Historically, local public control (and private alternatives) have allowed for some variation in the organization of schools . Elementary school includes kindergarten through to sixth grade, or kindergarten through to fifth grade, i.e. up to age 12, but some elementary schools have 4 or 8 grades, i.e. up to ages 10 or 14 (also known as, the intermediate grades). Basic subjects are taught and students often remain in one or two classrooms throughout the school day, except for physical education, library, music, and art classes . In 2001, there were about 3.6 million children in each grade in the United States . "Middle schools" and "junior high schools" are schools that span grades 6 to 8 and 7 to 8, respectively, but junior high schools spanning grades 7 to 8 were common until the 1980s . </P> <P> The range defined by either is often based on demographic factors, such as an increase or decrease in the relative numbers of younger or older students, with the aim of maintaining stable school populations . At this time, students are given more independence, moving to different classrooms for different subjects, which includes math, social studies, science, and language arts . Also, students are able to choose some of their class subjects (electives). Usually, starting in ninth grade, grades become part of a student's official transcript . In the U.S., children within this grade - range are sometimes referred to as junior highers . </P>

What age do you start middle school in usa
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