<Li> conducting cognitive interviewing . By asking a sample of potential - respondents about their interpretation of the questions and use of the questionnaire, a researcher can </Li> <Li> carrying out a small pretest of the questionnaire, using a small subset of target respondents . Results can inform a researcher of errors such as missing questions, or logical and procedural errors . </Li> <Li> estimating the measurement quality of the questions . This can be done for instance using test - retest, quasi-simplex, or mutlitrait - multimethod models . </Li> <Li> predicting the measurement quality of the question . This can be done using the software Survey Quality Predictor (SQP). </Li>

A scientific survey of public opinion at a point in time