<Tr> <Td> Zambia </Td> <Td> 2015 </Td> <Td> 2016 </Td> <Td> Appointment by President </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ivory Coast </Td> <Td> 2016 </Td> <Td> 2020 </Td> <Td> N / A (No Vice-Presidency) </Td> <Td> Before the 2020 elections, an Interim Vice-President is to be appointed by the President </Td> </Tr>

When was the primary election introduced as a means of choosing presidential nominees