<P> Other recent studies suggest that promoters of genes may be the primary cause of diabetes . Promoters of genes associated with diabetes by Genome - wide association studies (GWAS) show specific DNA patterns for each phenotype . This observation indicates that the promoters of these genes use specific transcription factors for each diabetes phenotype . </P> <P> The initiation of the transcription is a multistep sequential process that involves several mechanisms: promoter location, initial reversible binding of RNA polymerase, conformational changes in RNA polymerase, conformational changes in DNA, binding of nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) to the functional RNA polymerase - promoter complex, and nonproductive and productive initiation of RNA synthesis . </P> <P> The promoter binding process is crucial in the understanding of the process of gene expression . </P> <P> Although RNA polymerase holoenzyme shows high affinity to non-specific sites of the DNA, this characteristic does not allow us to clarify the process of promoter location . This process of promoter location has been attributed to the structure of the holoenzyme to DNA and sigma 4 to DNA complexes . </P>

The bacterial promoter consists of which of the following that is recognized by the holoenzyme