<Li> Chlorhexidine gluconate is used as a skin antiseptic and to treat inflammation of the gums (gingivitis). </Li> <Li> Hydrogen peroxide is used as a 6% (20 Vols) solution to clean and deodorize wounds and ulcers . More commonly, 3% solutions of hydrogen peroxide have been used in household first aid for scrapes, etc . However, the strong oxidization causes scar formation and increases healing time during fetal development . </Li> <Li> Iodine is usually used in an alcohol solution (called tincture of iodine) or as Lugol's iodine solution as a pre - and postoperative antiseptic . Some people do not recommend disinfecting minor wounds with iodine because of concern that it may induce scar tissue formation and increase healing time . However, concentrations of 1% iodine or less have not been shown to increase healing time and are not otherwise distinguishable from treatment with saline . Novel iodine antiseptics containing povidone - iodine (an iodophor, complex of povidone, a water - soluble polymer, with triiodide anions I, containing about 10% of active iodine) are far better tolerated, do not negatively affect wound healing, and leave a deposit of active iodine, thereby creating the so - called "remnant", or persistent, effect . The great advantage of iodine antiseptics is their wide scope of antimicrobial activity, killing all principal pathogens and, given enough time, even spores, which are considered to be the most difficult form of microorganisms to be inactivated by disinfectants and antiseptics . </Li> <Li> Octenidine dihydrochloride, currently increasingly used in continental Europe, often as a chlorhexidine substitute . </Li>

Who introduced the use of antiseptics to fight germs following surgery