<Li> The party is not directly harmed by the conditions by which they are petitioning the court for relief but asks for it because the harm involved has some reasonable relation to their situation, and the continued existence of the harm may affect others who might not be able to ask a court for relief . In the United States, this is the grounds for asking for a law to be struck down as violating the First Amendment, because while the plaintiff might not be directly affected, the law might so adversely affect others that one might never know what was not done or created by those who fear they would become subject to the law--the so - called "chilling effects" doctrine . </Li> <Li> The party is granted automatic standing by act of law . Under some environmental laws in the United States, a party may sue someone causing pollution to certain waterways without a federal permit, even if the party suing is not harmed by the pollution being generated . The law allows them to receive attorney's fees if they substantially prevail in the action . In some U.S. states, a person who believes a book, film or other work of art is obscene may sue in their own name to have the work banned directly without having to ask a District Attorney to do so . </Li> <P> In the United States, the current doctrine is that a person cannot bring a suit challenging the constitutionality of a law unless the plaintiff can demonstrate that he / she / it is or will "imminently" be harmed by the law . Otherwise, the court will rule that the plaintiff "lacks standing" to bring the suit, and will dismiss the case without considering the merits of the claim of unconstitutionality . To have a court declare a law unconstitutional, there must be a valid reason for the lawsuit . The party suing must have something to lose in order to sue unless it has automatic standing by action of law . </P> <P> The Council of Europe created the first international court before which individuals have automatic locus standi . </P>

Who can show standing to bring an issue to the court's attention
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