<P> When transformational leadership was used in a nursing environment, researchers found that it led to an increase in organizational commitment . A separate study examined that way that transformational leadership and transactional leadership compare when implemented into an online class . The results of this study indicate that transformational leadership increases cognitive effort while transactional leadership decreases it . </P> <P> Nelson Mandela used transformational leadership principles while working to abolish apartheid and enforce change in South Africa . In 1995, he visited Betsie Verwoerd, the widow of the architect of apartheid Hendrik Verwoerd, at her home in Orania . Orania was an Afrikaner homeland and a striking anachronistic symbol of racial separation, and Mandela's recurring emphasis on forgiveness contributed toward the healing the prejudices of South Africa and as vast influence as a leader . In 2000, he was quoted as saying, "For all people who have found themselves in the position of being in jail and trying to transform society, forgiveness is natural because you have no time to be retaliative ." This illustrates a common approach in the narratives of transformational leadership, of describing a collective or corporate effort in individualised terms, and pointing to the responsibility or opportunity for individuals to commit to making the effort a success . Such an approach is seen in community organising . </P> <P> He also set an example for others to follow in terms of sacrifice and philanthropy . Schoemaker describes one such instance: </P> <P> "One such leader received a call from Mandela's office requesting that he accompany the President to the Eastern Cape . This leader was less than enthusiastic and pleaded that he had an appointment around mid-day clashing with Mandela's request . But there was no denying Mandela, so the leader agreed to go--but first consulted with his financial director to set a reasonable limit on the size of the anticipated donation request . They settled on 500,000 Rand, or about $50,000 in those days...upon landing, about 80,000 black school children--all adorned in crisp white shirts--simultaneously bowed to acknowledge the great man's arrival . As they were climbing down from the helicopter, Mandela planted his hand firmly in his guest's back and said,' Now, I hope you are not going to disappoint me?' The business leader decided in that instance to double the donation...how could he tell a man who sacrificed as much as Mandela that he couldn't afford to be more generous?" </P>

Which of the following is a correct description of transformation leadership