<Li> Amra Ademovic is a Bosnian nurse working in a hospital in Afghanistan after the fall of the Taliban . She cares for and later adopts Roshi, a critically wounded Afghan orphan . Amra, according to Hosseini, was created to represent the foreign aid workers serving in Afghanistan . While visiting the country in 2003, he had encountered a number of people who had left comfortable lifestyles to help provide relief aid, and he had wanted to pay tribute to them through the portrayal of Amra . Hosseini described the character as one of his favorites and said, "She has seen humanity at its worst, having worked in war zones most of her career, and yet she has retained great capacity for compassion and mercy . She is also very street smart, fiercely intelligent, and brutally honest ." </Li> <Li> Idris is an Afghan - American doctor who left Afghanistan during the Soviet invasion . He later returns to Afghanistan, along with his narcissistic and childish cousin Timur, in 2003 to reclaim their family's land . While there, Idris meets Roshi and befriends her, moved by her tragic story . Hosseini stated that Idris' experience as an Afghan expatriate was partly based on his own . "He was a vehicle to describe what it's like to be an Afghan in exile, to return to see how divergent my experience was from other Afghans," Hosseini said . Idris begins to set up plans to pay for her surgery in America, but upon returning home, he loses that drive . It is later revealed Timur pays for Roshi's surgery . </Li> <Li> Markos Varvaris is a plastic surgeon from the Greek island of Tinos . His childhood best friend, Thalia, suffered from severe facial disfigurement after being attacked by a dog and undergoing a botched surgery . This motivated Markos to become a surgeon and work in various developing countries, including Afghanistan . </Li> <Li> Adel is the son of a wealthy war criminal who has turned Shadbagh into "Shadbagh - e-Nau" or "New Shadbagh". Adel is raised in an isolated mansion with the belief that his father is a hero, witnessing him donate money and fund the building of schools . When he discovers the truth, he is deeply upset but aware of "(t) he part of him that over time would gradually, almost imperceptibly, accept this new identity that at present prickled like a wet wool sweater ." </Li>

Who is thalia in and the mountains echoed
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