<P> Nonverbal communication represents two - thirds of all communications . Nonverbal communication can portray a message both vocally and with the correct body signals or gestures . Body signals comprise physical features, conscious and unconscious gestures and signals, and the mediation of personal space . The wrong message can also be established if the body language conveyed does not match a verbal message . Nonverbal communication strengthens a first impression in common situations like attracting a partner or in a business interview: impressions are on average formed within the first four seconds of contact . First encounters or interactions with another person strongly affect a person's perception . When the other person or group is absorbing the message, they are focused on the entire environment around them, meaning the other person uses all five senses in the interaction: 83% sight, 11% hearing, 3% smell, 2% touch and 1% taste . Many indigenous cultures use nonverbal communication in the integration of children at a young age into their cultural practices . Children in these communities learn through observing and pitching in through which nonverbal communication is a key aspect of observation . </P> <P> Scientific research on nonverbal communication and behavior was started in 1872 with the publication of Charles Darwin's book The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals . In the book, Darwin argued that all mammals, both humans and animals, showed emotion through facial expressions . He posed questions such as: "Why do our facial expressions of emotions take the particular forms they do?" and "Why do we wrinkle our nose when we are disgusted and bare our teeth when we are enraged?" Darwin attributed these facial expressions to serviceable associated habits, which are behaviors that earlier in our evolutionary history had specific and direct functions . For example, a species that attacked by biting, baring the teeth was a necessary act before an assault and wrinkling the nose reduced the inhalation of foul odors . In response to the question asking why facial expressions persist even when they no longer serve their original purposes, Darwin's predecessors have developed a highly valued explanation . According to Darwin, humans continue to make facial expressions because they have acquired communicative value throughout evolutionary history . In other words, humans utilize facial expressions as external evidence of their internal state . Although The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals was not one of Darwin's most successful books in terms of its quality and overall impact in the field, his initial ideas started the abundance of research on the types, effects, and expressions of nonverbal communication and behavior . </P> <P> Despite the introduction of nonverbal communication in the 1800s, the emergence of behaviorism in the 1920s paused further research on nonverbal communication . Behaviorism is defined as the theory of learning that describes people's behavior as acquired through conditioning . Behaviorists such as B.F. Skinner trained pigeons to engage in various behaviors to demonstrate how animals engage in behaviors with rewards . </P> <P> While most psychology researchers were exploring behaviorism, the study of nonverbal communication began in 1955 by Adam Kendon, Albert Scheflen, and Ray Birdwhistell . They analyzed a film using an analytic method called context analysis . Context analysis is the method of transcribing observed behaviors on to a coding sheet . This method was later used in studying the sequence and structure of human greetings, social behaviors at parties, and the function of posture during interpersonal interaction . Birdwhistell pioneered the original study of nonverbal communication, which he called kinesics . He estimated that humans can make and recognize around 250,000 facial expressions . </P>

Clothing and hair style are examples of which non-verbal classification