<P> There were several posts under the Mughal administrative system during Akbar's reign . Diwani was a system of provincial revenue administration under the Mughals . Nizamat (civil administration) and Diwani (revenue administration) were the two main branches of the provincial administration under the Mughals . A Subahdar (provincial viceroy or governor), also called a Nizam was in - charge of the Nizamat . There was a chain of subordinate officials under the Nizams on the executive side and under Diwans on the revenue and judicial side . </P> <P> Murshid Quli Khan arrived as the Diwan of Bengal in 1717 AD . Before his arrival, there were four Diwans . And, after his arrival, Azim - ush - Shan held the Nizam's office . Azim got into conflict with Murshid Quli Khan over imperial financial control . Considering the complaint of Khan, the then Mughal emperor, Aurangzeb ordered Azim to move to Bihar . Upon his departure the two posts united in one and Murshid Quli Khan became the first Nizam cum Diwan of Bengal . Murshid Khan was appointed the "Nawab Nizam of Bengal" and he emerged as the ruler of Bengal under the Mughals . Murshidabad remained the capital of the Nawabs of Bengal until their rule . The Nawab Siraj ud - Daulah, was betrayed in the Battle of Plassey by Mir Jaffer . He lost to the British East India Company, who took installed Mir Jaffer on the Masnad (throne), as a "puppet ruler" and established itself to a political power in Bengal . </P> <P> In 1765, Robert Clive, of the British East India Company, became the first British Governor of Bengal . He secured in perpetuity for the Company the Diwani (revenue and civil justice) of the then Bengal subah from the then Mughal Emperor, Shah Alam II and thus the system of Dual Government was established and the Bengal Presidency was formed . In 1772 the Dual Government system was abolished and Bengal was brought under direct control of the British . In 1793, when the Nizamat (military power and criminal justice) of the Nawab was also taken away from them, they remained as the mere pensioners of the British East India Company . After the Revolt of 1857, Company rule in India ended and the British Crown took over the territories which were under the direct rule of the British East India Company in 1858, which marked the beginning of the British Raj . These territories, including the territory of the Nawab Nazims came under the direct rule of the British Crown and British Raj was established in India . Thus, the Nawab Nizams remained just the titular heads of their territory, which was now ruled by the British Crown, and they had no political or any other kind of control over the territory . The last Nawab of Bengal, Mansoor Ali Khan abdicated on 1 November 1880 in favour of his eldest son . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Part of a series on the </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> History of Bengal </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ancient Geopolitical units (show) <Ul> <Li> Pundravardhana </Li> <Li> Vanga </Li> <Li> Gangaridai </Li> <Li> Samatata </Li> <Li> Anga </Li> <Li> Suhma </Li> <Li> Harikela </Li> <Li> Kamarupa </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ancient and Classical dynasties (show) <Ul> <Li> Nanda dynasty </Li> <Li> Maurya dynasty </Li> <Li> Shunga dynasty </Li> <Li> Gupta dynasty </Li> <Li> Varman dynasty </Li> <Li> Gauda dynasty </Li> <Li> Mallabhum dynasty </Li> <Li> Khadga dynasty </Li> <Li> Pala dynasty </Li> <Li> Chandra dynasty </Li> <Li> Chola dynasty </Li> <Li> Sena dynasty </Li> <Li> Deva dynasty </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Medieval and Early Modern periods (show) <Ul> <Li> Delhi Sultanate </Li> <Li> City states <Ul> <Li> Sonargaon </Li> <Li> Lakhnauti </Li> <Li> Satgaon </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Bengal Sultanate <Ul> <Li> Ilyas Shahi dynasty </Li> <Li> Hussain Shahi dynasty </Li> <Li> Karrani dynasty </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Sur Empire </Li> <Li> Twelve Bhuyan Confederacy </Li> <Li> Kingdom of Mrauk U </Li> <Li> Jaintia Kingdom </Li> <Li> Koch dynasty </Li> <Li> Kingdom of Tripura </Li> <Li> Kingdom of Bhurshut </Li> <Li> Mughal Empire <Ul> <Li> Bengal Subah </Li> <Li> Burdwan Raj </Li> <Li> Rajshahi Raj </Li> <Li> Nadia Raj </Li> <Li> Bettiah Raj </Li> <Li> Nawabs of Bengal </Li> <Li> Zamindars </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Maratha expeditions in Bengal </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> European colonisation (show) <Ul> <Li> Portuguese Chittagong </Li> <Li> Dutch Bengal </Li> <Li> French Bengal </Li> <Li> Danish Bengal </Li> <Li> Austrian Bengal </Li> <Li> British India <Ul> <Li> Company rule </Li> <Li> Bengal Presidency </Li> <Li> Bengal famine of 1770 </Li> <Li> Partition of Bengal (1905) </Li> <Li> Bengal famine of 1943 </Li> <Li> Direct Action Day </Li> <Li> Indian Mutiny of 1857 </Li> <Li> British Raj </Li> <Li> Bengal Renaissance </Li> <Li> Eastern Bengal and Assam </Li> <Li> Anti-colonial struggle </Li> <Li> Partition of Bengal (1947) </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> East Bengal (show) <Ul> <Li> East Bengali refugees </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> East Pakistan (show) <Ul> <Li> 1964 East Pakistan riots </Li> <Li> Language Movement </Li> <Li> Indo - Pakistani War of 1965 </Li> <Li> Liberation War </Li> <Li> 1971 Genocide </Li> <Li> Indo - Pakistani War of 1971 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bangladesh (show) <Ul> <Li> People's Republic </Li> <Li> Military coups </Li> <Li> Bangladesh famine of 1974 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Indian Bengal (show) <Ul> <Li> West Bengal </Li> <Li> Tripura merger </Li> <Li> Left Front </Li> <Li> Naxalism </Li> <Li> Barak Valley Language Movement </Li> <Li> Gorkhaland </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Calendar (show) <Ul> <Li> Bengali calendar </Li> <Li> Malla calendar </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Related (show) <Ul> <Li> Bengali literary history </Li> <Li> Architecture of Bengal </Li> <Li> Bangamata </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table>

Who introduced the dual system of administration in bengal