<P> In the years 2000s, Italian nationalism seems to have gained a moderate support by the society, in particular during important days such as the National Day Festa della Repubblica (Republic day) and the Anniversary of the Liberation . The President of the Republic Carlo Azeglio Ciampi has often praised patriotism among Italians by mentioning in his speeches national events including Risorgimento or Resistenza, and national symbols like the Flag of Italy and the National Anthem, although he seems to want to stress self - confidence rather than nationalism . In 2011, the 150th Anniversary of Italian Unification showed a moderately renewed interest in Italian nationalism among the society . Nationalist ideologies are often present during Italian anti-globalisation protests . Today, Italian nationalism is mainly supported by right - wing political parties including Brothers of Italy - National Alliance who has gained nine seats in the Italian Parliament in the last general election, and by far - right - wing political parties like The Right or Tricolour Flame . Nonetheless, in recent times Italian nationalism has been occasionally embraced as a form of banal nationalism by liberal parties like Forza Italia, centrist parties like the Union of the Centre or even by centre - left parties like the Democratic Party . </P> <P> Italian nationalism has also faced opposition from within Italy . Regionalism and municipal identities have challenged a unified Italian identity, such as those in Friuli - Venezia Giulia, Naples, Sardinia, Sicily and Veneto . Such regional identities evoked strong opposition after the Piedmontese - led unification of Italy to plans for "Piedmontization" of Italy . Italian identity has long been strained by a larger regional North - South divide that developed partly from the economic differences of a highly industrialized North and a highly agricultural South . </P> <Ul> <Li> <P> Civil flag of Italy, originally designed in 1797 . A symbol of the Italian nation since the early - 19th century and symbol of the Italian Republic since 1946 . </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Civil flag of the Kingdom of Italy from 1861 to 1946 . Presently used by Italian monarchists . </P> </Li> <Li> <P> War flag of the Italian Social Republic, the incarnation of Fascist Italy from 1943 to 1945 after the Fascist regime in the Kingdom of Italy was dismantled in 1943 . It is a prominent symbol used by Italian neo-fascists . </P> </Li> </Ul> <Li> <P> Civil flag of Italy, originally designed in 1797 . A symbol of the Italian nation since the early - 19th century and symbol of the Italian Republic since 1946 . </P> </Li>

Which of the following italian nationalists held republican beliefs