<P> A hazard is an area of a golf course in the sport of golf which provides a difficult obstacle, which may be of two types: (1) water hazards such as lakes and rivers; and (2) man - made hazards such as bunkers . Special rules apply to playing balls that fall in a hazard . For example, a player may not touch the ground with his club before playing a ball, not even for a practice swing . A ball in any hazard may be played as it lies without penalty . If it cannot be played from the hazard, the ball may be hit from another location, generally with a penalty of one stroke . The Rules of Golf govern exactly from where the ball may be played outside a hazard . Bunkers (or sand traps) are shallow pits filled with sand and generally incorporating a raised lip or barrier, from which the ball is more difficult to play than from grass . </P> <P> A bunker is a depression near the green or fairway that is usually filled with sand . It is difficult to hit the ball out of the bunker and entering it is therefore considered punitive to a golfer who misses the target with the previous shot . A club called a "sand wedge" is designed for extracting the ball from a bunker, a process requiring well - developed skill . After a player is done using the bunker, it is the job of either the player or that player's caddie to rake the area of the sand disturbed during play . Specific rules of golf govern play from a bunker . For example, a player may not ground one's club in a bunker; that is, the club cannot touch the ground prior to the swing . </P> <P> There are three types of bunkers used in golf course architecture and all are designed to be impediments to the golfer's progress toward the green . Fairway bunkers are designed primarily to gather up wayward tee shots on par 4 and par 5 holes; they are located to the sides of the fairway or even in the middle of the fairway . Greenside bunkers are designed to collect wayward approach shots on long holes and tee shots on par 3 holes; they are located near and around the green . Waste bunkers are natural sandy areas, usually very large and often found on links courses; they are not considered hazards according to the rules of golf, and so, unlike in fairway or greenside bunkers, golfers are permitted to ground a club lightly in, or remove loose impediments from, the area around the ball . </P>

What are sandy hazards on a golf course
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