<P> Hedge fund management firms are usually owned by their portfolio managers, who are therefore entitled to any profits that the business makes . As management fees are intended to cover the firm's operating costs, performance fees (and any excess management fees) are generally distributed to the firm's owners as profits . Funds do not tend to report compensation and so published lists of the amounts earned by top managers tend to be estimates based on factors such as the fees charged by their funds and the capital they are thought to have invested in them . Many managers have accumulated large stakes in their own funds and so top hedge fund managers can earn extraordinary amounts of money, perhaps up to $4 billion in a good year . </P> <P> Earnings at the very top are higher than in any other sector of the financial industry and collectively the top 25 hedge fund managers regularly earn more than all 500 of the chief executives in the S&P 500 . Most hedge fund managers are remunerated much less, however, and if performance fees are not earned then small managers at least are unlikely to be paid significant amounts . </P> <P> In 2011, the top manager earned $3,000 m, the tenth earned $210 m and the 30th earned $80 m . In 2011, the average earnings for the 25 highest compensated hedge fund managers in the United States was $576 million . while the mean total compensation for all hedge fund investment professionals was $690,786 and the median was $312,329 . The same figures for hedge fund CEOs were $1,037,151 and $600,000, and for chief investment officers were $1,039,974 and $300,000 respectively . </P> <P> Of the 1,226 people on the Forbes World's Billionaires list for 2012, 36 of the financiers listed "derived significant chunks" of their wealth from hedge fund management . Among the richest 1,000 people in the United Kingdom, 54 were hedge fund managers, according to the Sunday Times Rich List for 2012 . </P>

Name the controversial currency whose single unit reached a value of more than $5 200 in trading