<P> If the source is in a language other than English, the contributor may be under the mistaken belief that the act of translation is a sufficient revision to eliminate concerns of plagiarism . On the contrary, regardless of whether the work is free, the obligation remains to give credit to authors of foreign language texts for their creative expression, information and ideas, and, if the work is unfree, direct translation is likely to be a copyright violation as well . </P> <P> Charles Lipson states that all plagiarism rules "follow from the same idea: acknowledge what you take from others . The only exception is when you rely on commonly known information ." Plagiarism is less a concern where the content both lacks creativity and where the facts and ideas being offered are common knowledge . Here are some examples where in - text attribution is generally not required, though you may still need to add an inline citation: </P> <Ul> <Li> use of common expressions and idioms, including those that are common in sub-cultures such as academia; </Li> <Li> phrases that are the simplest and most obvious way to present information; sentences such as "John Smith was born on 2 February 1900" lack sufficient creativity to require attribution . </Li> <Li> simple, non-creative lists of information that are common knowledge . If the list is drawn from another source (i.e., it is not common knowledge), or if creativity has gone into producing a list by selecting which facts are included, or in which order they are listed, then reproducing the list without citing its source may constitute plagiarism . </Li> <Li> mathematical and scientific formulae that are part of the most basic and general background knowledge of a field, E = mc and F = ma (where, even in these cases, for deeper reader understanding, a citation may be best practice); </Li> <Li> simple logical deductions . </Li> </Ul> <Li> use of common expressions and idioms, including those that are common in sub-cultures such as academia; </Li>

When is it unnecessary to cite copied sections of someone else's work
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