<Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section contains an enumeration of examples, but lacks a general overview of its topic . You can help by adding an appropriate introductory section . Editing help is available . (April 2017) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section contains an enumeration of examples, but lacks a general overview of its topic . You can help by adding an appropriate introductory section . Editing help is available . (April 2017) </Td> </Tr> <Ul> <Li> As most ancestors of Hispanic Americans came from Hispanic America, ⟨ z ⟩ and ⟨ c ⟩ (before / e / and / i /) are pronounced as (s), the same as ⟨ s ⟩ . However, seseo (replacement of (θ) with (s)) is also typical of the speech of Hispanic Americans of Andalusian and Canarian descent . Andalusia's and the Canary Island's predominant position in the conquest and subsequent immigration to Hispanic America from Spain is thought to be the reason for the absence of this distinction in most Hispanic American dialects . Most Americans of Spanish descent pronounce the two letters as (s). </Li> <Li> Most speakers in Spain, particularly the regions that have a distinctive / θ / phoneme, realize / s / with the tip of tongue against the alveolar ridge . Phonetically this is an "apico - alveolar" "grave" sibilant (s̺), with a weak "hushing" sound reminiscent of retroflex fricatives . To a Hispanic and Latino American speaker, European Spanish / s / is close to (ʃ) like English sh as in she . However, this apico - alveolar realization of / s / is not uncommon in some Latin American Spanish dialects which lack (θ); some inland Colombian Spanish (particularly Antioquia) and Andean regions of Peru and Bolivia also have an apico - alveolar / s / . </Li> <Li> Spanish in the United States usually features yeísmo: there is no distinction between ⟨ ll ⟩ and ⟨ y ⟩, and both are (ʝ). However, yeísmo is an expanding and now dominant feature of European Spanish, particularly in urban speech (Madrid, Toledo) and especially in Andalusia and Canary Islands, though in rural use (ʎ) is preserved not only in central and northern Spain but also in scatter areas of Andalusia and the Canary Islands . Speakers of Rioplatense Spanish pronounce both ⟨ ll ⟩ and ⟨ y ⟩ as (ʒ) or (ʃ). The traditional pronunciation of the digraph ⟨ ll ⟩ as (ʎ) is preserved in some dialects along the Andes range, especially in inland Peru and the Colombia highlands (Santander), northern Argentina, all Bolivia and Paraguay . </Li> <Li> Most speakers with ancestors born in coastal regions may debuccalize or aspirate syllable - final / s / to (h), or drop it entirely, so that está (esˈta) ("s / he is") sounds like (ehˈta) or (eˈta), as in southern Spain (Andalusia, Murcia, Castile--La Mancha (except North - East), Canary Islands, Ceuta and Melilla). </Li> <Li> ⟨ g ⟩ (before / e / or / i /) and ⟨ j ⟩ are usually aspirated to (h) in Caribbean and other coastal dialects, as well as in all Colombia, and southern Mexico, as in most southern Spanish dialects . While it may be (x) in other dialects of Hispanic Americans and often (χ) in Peruvian Spanish dialect, this is a common feature of Castilian Spanish . It is usually aspirated to (h) as in most southwestern Spanish varieties . Very often, especially in Argentina and Chile, (x) becomes more fronted (ç) when preceding high vowels / e, i / (these speakers approach (x) to the realization of German ⟨ ch ⟩ in ich); in other phonological environments it is pronounced either (x) or (h). </Li> <Li> In many Caribbean dialects, the phonemes / l / and / r / at the end of a syllable sound alike or can be exchanged: caldo> ca (r) do, cardo> ca (l) do; / r / in word - final position becomes silent, giving Caribbean dialects of Spanish a partial non-rhoticity . This happens at a reduced level in Ecuador and Chile as well and is a feature brought from Extremadura and westernmost Andalusia . </Li> <Li> In many Andean regions, the alveolar trill of rata and carro is realized as an alveolar approximant (ɹ) or even as a voiced apico - alveolar (z). The alveolar approximant realization is particularly associated with an indigenous substrate and it is quite common in Andean regions, especially in inland Ecuador, Peru, most of Bolivia and in parts of northern Argentina and Paraguay . </Li> <Li> In Puerto Rico, aside from (ɾ), (r), and (l), syllable - final / r / can be realized as (ɹ), an influence of American English on the Puerto Rican dialect; "verso"' (verse) becomes (ˈbeɹso), aside from (ˈbeɾso), (ˈberso), or (ˈbelso), "invierno" (winter) becomes (imˈbjeɹno), aside from (imˈbjeɾno), (imˈbjerno), or (imˈbjelno), and "escarlata" (scarlet) becomes (ehkaɹˈlata), aside from (ehkaɾˈlata), (ehkarˈlata), or (ehkaˈlata). In word - final position, / r / will usually be one of these: <Ul> <Li> a trill, a tap, approximant, (l), or elided when followed by a consonant or a pause, as in amo (r ~ ɾ ~ ɹ ~ l) paterno' paternal love', amor (aˈmo), </Li> <Li> a tap, approximant, or (l) when the followed by a vowel - initial word, as in amo (ɾ ~ ɹ ~ l) eterno' eternal love'). </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> The voiced consonants / b /, / d /, and / ɡ / are pronounced as plosives after and sometimes before any consonant in most Colombian Spanish dialects (rather than the fricative or approximant that is characteristic of most other dialects): pardo (ˈpaɾdo), barba (ˈbaɾba), algo (ˈalɡo), peligro (peˈliɡɾo), desde (ˈdezde / ˈdehde)--rather than the (ˈpaɾðo), (ˈbaɾβa), (ˈalɣo), (peˈliɣɾo), (ˈdezðe / ˈdehðe) of Spain and the rest of Spanish America . A notable exception is the Department of Nariño and most Costeño speech (Atlantic coastal dialects) which feature the soft, fricative realizations common to all other Hispanic American and European dialects . </Li> <Li> Word - final / n / is frequently velar (ŋ) in Latin American Spanish; this means a word like pan (bread) is often articulated (' paŋ). To an English - speaker, those speakers that have a velar nasal for word - final / n / make pan sound like pang . Velarization of word - final / n / is so widespread in the Americas that it is easier to mention those regions that maintain an alveolar, European - style, / n /: most of Mexico, Colombia (except for coastal dialects) and Argentina (except for some northern regions). Elsewhere, velarization is common, though alveolar word - final / n / can appear among some educated speakers, especially in the media or in singing . Velar word - final / n / is also frequent in Spain, especially in southern Spanish dialects (Andalusia and the Canary Islands) and also in the Northwest: Galicia, Asturias and León . </Li> </Ul> <Li> As most ancestors of Hispanic Americans came from Hispanic America, ⟨ z ⟩ and ⟨ c ⟩ (before / e / and / i /) are pronounced as (s), the same as ⟨ s ⟩ . However, seseo (replacement of (θ) with (s)) is also typical of the speech of Hispanic Americans of Andalusian and Canarian descent . Andalusia's and the Canary Island's predominant position in the conquest and subsequent immigration to Hispanic America from Spain is thought to be the reason for the absence of this distinction in most Hispanic American dialects . Most Americans of Spanish descent pronounce the two letters as (s). </Li>

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