<P> Alevism is a small syncretic, heterodox form of Islam, following Shia, Sufi, Sunni and local traditions, whose adherents follow the mystical (bāṭenī) teachings of Ali, the Twelve Imams, and a descendant--the 13th century Alevi saint Haji Bektash Veli . There are between 10 - 25 million Alevi and they are found primarily in Turkey among ethnic Turks and Kurds, and make up between 10 - 25% of Turkey's population, the largest branches of Islam there after the majority Sunni . </P> <P> Some of the differences that mark Alevis from mainstream Muslims are the use of cemevi halls rather than mosques; worship ceremonies that feature wine, music and dancing, and where both women and men participate; non-observance of the five daily salat prayers and prostrations (they only bow twice in the presence of their spiritual leader), Ramadan, and the Hajj (considering true pilgrimage to be internal one). Alevis have some links with Twelver Shia Islam (such as importance of the Ahl al - Bayt, the day of Ashura, the Mourning of Muharram, commemorating Karbala), but do not follow taqlid towards a Marja' "source of emulation". Some practices of the Alevis are based on Sufi elements of the Bektashi tariqa . </P> <P> For over 2,000 years a large portion of world Jewry lived the Muslim world . They are colloquially knows as Mizrahi Jews . They include descendants of Babylonian Jews and Mountain Jews from modern Iraq, Morocco, Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Syria, Bahrain, Kuwait, Iran, Uzbekistan, the Caucasus, Kurdistan, Afghanistan, India, Pakistan and Yemen . Since the 1950s because of growing antisemitism most of these Jews fled to Israel where they make up the majority of Israel's Jewish population and roughly a third of total world Jewry . While they no longer live among a Muslim majority, they continue to follow many customs with strong Muslim and Middle Eastern influences making them distinct from European Jewry . Today Judaism in the Middle East is mostly practiced in Israel . Israel's population is 75.3% Jewish, with the remainder made up of Muslims (20.6%), Christians, Druze, Bahá'í and various other minorities (4.1%). There are few other countries in the Middle East with significant Jewish populations, but the communities are small and scattered . </P> <P> There are between 60,000 and 70,000 Mandaeans worldwide and in the Middle East they are found in Iraq and Iran . They revere Adam, Abel, Seth, Enosh and Noah . Mandaeans are an ethnoreligious community, which doesn't allow conversion . </P>

Where in the middle east was judaism founded
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