<P> The Signed and Encrypted Email Over The Internet demonstration has shown that organizations can collaborate effectively using secure email . Previous barriers to adoption were overcome, including the use of a PKI bridge to provide a scalable public key infrastructure (PKI) and the use of network security guards checking encrypted content passing in and out of corporate network boundaries to avoid encryption being used to hide malware introduction and information leakage . </P> <P> Most full - featured email clients provide native support for S / MIME secure email (digital signing and message encryption using certificates). Other encryption options include PGP and GNU Privacy Guard (GnuPG). Free and commercial software (desktop application, webmail and add - ons) are available as well . </P> <P> While PGP can protect messages, it can also be hard to use in the correct way . Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University published a paper in 1999 showing that most people couldn't figure out how to sign and encrypt messages using the current version of PGP . Eight years later, another group of Carnegie Mellon researchers published a follow - up paper saying that, although a newer version of PGP made it easy to decrypt messages, most people still struggled with encrypting and signing messages, finding and verifying other people's public encryption keys, and sharing their own keys . </P> <P> Because encryption can be difficult for users, security and compliance managers at companies and government agencies automate the process for employees and executives by using encryption appliances and services that automate encryption . Instead of relying on voluntary co-operation, automated encryption, based on defined policies, takes the decision and the process out of the users' hands . Emails are routed through a gateway appliance that has been configured to ensure compliance with regulatory and security policies . Emails that require it are automatically encrypted and sent . </P>

Who are the stakeholders affected by whether email is encrypted