<Li> the communication was made in the presence of individuals who were neither attorney nor client, or was disclosed to such individuals, </Li> <Li> the communication was made for the purpose of committing a crime or tort, </Li> <Li> the client has waived the privilege (for example by publicly disclosing the communication). </Li> <P> A corollary to the attorney--client privilege is the joint defense privilege, which is also called the common interest rule . The common interest rule "serves to protect the confidentiality of communications passing from one party to another party where a joint defense or strategy has been decided upon and undertaken by the parties and their respective counsel ." </P>

Who has the legal power to assert the attorney-client privilege are there any exceptions