<P> Using its website "Reasoning" page, CFR28 considers campaign finance reform as a "logic puzzle" with a step - by - step series of premises and conclusions to justify its version of a constitutional amendment . The proposal targets independent campaign financing, which CFR28 describes as the "central problem aggravated by the Citizens United decision", by directly confronting the dilemma of how to restrict private Political Action Committee spending while preserving free speech . The site also claims that this is the only way to achieve reform by explaining why other proposals, like public financing and transparency efforts, will fail . </P> <P> This dilemma was highlighted during the first oral arguments in the Citizens United case when the Assistant Solicitor General defending the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act was compelled to argue that the publishing of some books could be prohibited in the months leading up to an election . Senator Ted Cruz leveled a similar criticism at the September 2014 constitutional amendment proposed in the Senate when he claimed that it would allow jailing the producers of "Saturday Night Live" for its political parody . </P> <P> The premises on the CFR28 website concede that objectively distinguishing "electioneering" from traditional commentary, news and entertainment is untenable and that discriminating between them would require choosing who can shape public opinions about candidates . It also commits to the premise that "no citizen should be prevented from hearing any message they want to hear about candidates". Using Citizens United as an example, that organization's right to make the movie about Hillary Clinton under this proposal is considered no less legitimate than traditional opinion and news sources . </P> <P> So instead of considering the source, intent or content of speech, the CFR28 proposal suggests restricting all independent advertising about candidates . And advertising is defined by the amendment in terms of audience expectations rather than the purpose of the media . As long as an audience knows beforehand that a particular media message is about candidates and chooses to listen, it would not be considered advertising . But where access to ready - made audiences is purchased, or the message about a candidate is delivered to audiences assembled for some other purpose, independent spending would be restricted . However, candidates themselves would be allowed to advertise using only the limited funds available to them . </P>

Which of the following has been eliminated as a result of 2002 campaign-finance reforms