<P> The DSM - IV - TR characterizes a mental disorder as "a clinically significant behavioral or psychological syndrome or pattern that occurs in an individual (which) is associated with present distress...or disability...or with a significant increased risk of suffering ." It also notes "no definition adequately specifies precise boundaries for the concept of' mental disorder'...different situations call for different definitions". It states "there is no assumption that each category of mental disorder is a completely discrete entity with absolute boundaries dividing it from other mental disorders or from no mental disorder" (APA, 1994 and 2000). </P> <P> The DSM - IV is a categorical classification system . The categories are prototypes, and a patient with a close approximation to the prototype is said to have that disorder . DSM - IV states, "there is no assumption each category of mental disorder is a completely discrete entity with absolute boundaries" but isolated, low - grade and non-criterion (unlisted for a given disorder) symptoms are not given importance . Qualifiers are sometimes used, for example mild, moderate or severe forms of a disorder . For nearly half the disorders, symptoms must be sufficient to cause "clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning", although DSM - IV - TR removed the distress criterion from tic disorders and several of the paraphilias due to their egosyntonic nature . Each category of disorder has a numeric code taken from the ICD coding system, used for health service (including insurance) administrative purposes . </P> <P> With the advent of the DSM - 5 in 2013, the APA eliminated the longstanding multiaxial system for mental disorders . </P> <P> Previously, the DSM - IV organized each psychiatric diagnosis into five dimensions (axes) relating to different aspects of disorder or disability: </P>

Personality disorders are recorded on which dsm axis
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