<P> † † The majority of Americans, and the great majority of younger ones, pronounce "congratulate" as / kənˈɡrædʒəleɪt / . </P> <P> Sorted more or less from close to open sounds in the vowel diagram . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan="3"> Vowels </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> IPA </Th> <Th> Spelling </Th> <Th> Examples </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> / iː / </Td> <Td> e, e...e, i, i...e, a, ae, ay, ea, ee, ei, eo, ey, eye, ie, ie...e, is, ix, oe, oi, ue, ui, uy, y </Td> <Td> be, cede, ski, machine, bologna, algae, quay, beach, bee, deceit, people, key, volleyed, field, hygiene, debris, prix, amoeba, chamois, dengue, beguine, guyot, city </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> / ɪ / </Td> <Td> i, y, a, a...e, ai, e, ea, ee, ei, i...e, ia, ie, ii, o, oe, u, u...e, ui </Td> <Td> bit, myth, orange, chocolate, bargain, pretty, mileage, breeches, counterfeit, medicine, carriage, sieve, shiitake, women, oedema, busy, minute (RP), build </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> / uː / </Td> <Td> u, u...e, oo, eew, eu, ew, ieu, ioux, o, o...e, oe, oeu, ooe, ou, ough, ougha, oup, ue, ui, uo, w, wo </Td> <Td> tutu, flute, too, sleuth, leeward, yew, lieu, Sioux, to, lose, shoe, manoeuvre, cooed, soup, through, brougham, coup, true, fruit, buoy (GA), cwm, two </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> / ʊ / </Td> <Td> oo, u, o, or, ou, oul </Td> <Td> look, full, wolf, worsted, courier, should </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> / eɪ / </Td> <Td> a, a...e, aa, ae, ai, ai...e, aig, aigh, ais, al, alf, ao, au, ay, aye, e (é), e...e, ea, eg, ee (ée), eh, ei, ei...e, eig, eigh, eighe, er, ere, es, et, ete, ey, eye, ez, ie, oeh, ue, uet </Td> <Td> bass, rate, quaalude, reggae, rain, cocaine, arraign, straight, palais, Ralph (Br .), halfpenny, gaol, gauge, hay, played, ukulele (café), crepe, steak, matinee (soirée), thegn, eh, veil, beige, reign, eight, weighed, dossier, espaliered, demesne, ballet, crocheted, they, obeyed, chez, lingerie (GA), boehmite (GA), merengue, bouquet </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> / ə / </Td> <Td> a, e, i, o, u, y, a...e, ae, ah, ai, anc, au, ea, eau, eh, ei, eig, eo, eou, eu, gh, ie, o...e, oa, oe, oh, oi, oo, op, ou, ough, u...e, ua, ue, ui, uo </Td> <Td> tuna, oven, pencil, icon, opus, beryl, gunwale, anaerobe, Messiah, mountain, blancmange, aurora, Eleanor, bureaucrat, keffiyeh, mullein, foreign, truncheon, timeous, amateur (RP), burgh, mischievous (GA), awesome, starboard, biocoenosis, matzoh, porpoise, whipoorwill, topgallant, callous, borough (RP), minute (GA), piquant, guerillla, circuit (GA), languor </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> / əʊ / (RP), / oʊ / (GA) </Td> <Td> o, o...e, aoh, au, aux, eau, eaue, eo, ew, oa, oe, oh, oo, ore, ot, ou, ough, oughe, ow, owe </Td> <Td> so, bone, pharaoh, mauve, faux, beau, plateaued, yeoman, sew, boat, foe, oh, brooch, forecastle, depot, soul, though, furloughed, know, owe </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> / ɛ / </Td> <Td> e, a, ae, ai, ay, e...e, ea, ee, eh, ei, eo, ie, ieu, oe, u, ue, ee (one pronunciation) </Td> <Td> met, many, aesthetic, said, says, there, deaf, threepence, feh, heifer, jeopardy, friend, lieutenant (RP), foetid, bury, guess </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> / æ / </Td> <Td> a, aa, ag, ah, ai, al, ar, au, ea, ei, i </Td> <Td> hand, Aaron, seraglio (GA), Fahrenheit, plaid, salmon, sarsaparilla (GA), laugh (GA), poleax, enceinte, meringue </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> / ʌ / </Td> <Td> u, o, o...e, oe, oo, ou, uddi, wo, au (some dialects), ee (one pronunciation) </Td> <Td> sun, son, come, does, flood, touch, studdingsail, twopence, (because), (threepence) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> / ɔː / </Td> <Td> o, a, al, au, au...e, augh, aughe, aw, awe, eo, oa, oh, oo, oss, ou, ough, u, uo </Td> <Td> flora, bald, talk, author, cause, caught, overslaughed, jaw, awe, ealdorman, broad, bohrium, flooring, crossjack, pouring, bought, surest (RP), fluoridate (RP) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> / ɔː (r) / † </Td> <Td> or, ore, aor, ar, aur, aure, hors, oar, oare, oor, oore, our, oure, owar, ure </Td> <Td> or, fore, extraordinary, war, dinosaur, roquelaure, hors d'oeuvre, oar, soared, bohrium, door, floored, four, poured, toward (GA), sure (RP) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> / ɒ / </Td> <Td> a, o, ach, au, eau, oh, ou, ow </Td> <Td> watch, lock, yacht, sausage, leprechaun (GA), bureaucracy, demijohn, cough, acknowledge </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> / ɑː / </Td> <Td> a, a...e, aa, aae, aah, aahe, ag, ah, au, e, ea, i, o </Td> <Td> father, garage, salaam, baaed, aah, aahed, seraglio (RP), blah, aunt (RP), sergeant, heart, lingerie (GA), lot (GA) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> / ɑː (r) / † </Td> <Td> ar, aar, alla, are, arr, arre, arrh, ear, er, uar, our (some dialects) </Td> <Td> car, bazaar, topgallant - sail, are, parr, bizarre, catarrh, heart, sergeant, guard, (our) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> / aɪ / </Td> <Td> i...e, ae, ai, aie, aille, ais, ay, aye, ei, eigh, ey, eye, i, ia, ic, ie, ig, igh, ighe, is, oi, oy, ui, uy, uye, y, y...e, ye </Td> <Td> fine, maestro, krait, shanghaied, canaille (RP), aisle, kayak, aye, heist, height, geyser (GA), eye, mic, diaper, indict, tie, sign, high, sighed, isle, choir, coyote (GA), guide, buy, guyed, tryst, type, bye </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> / ɔɪ / </Td> <Td> oi, oy, awy, eu, oll, oye, uoy, uoye </Td> <Td> avoid, toy, lawyer, Freudian, cholla, enjoyed, buoyant, buoyed (RP) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> / aʊ / </Td> <Td> ou, ow, ao, aow, aowe, au, ough, oughe, owe, (eo) </Td> <Td> out, now, cacao, miaow, miaowed, gauss, bough, ploughed, vowed, (Macleod) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> / ɛə (r) / </Td> <Td> are, aer, air, aire, ar, ayer, ayor, ayre, e'er, eah, ear, eir, eor, er, ere, err, erre, ert, ey're, eyr </Td> <Td> bare, aerial, hair, millionaire, scarce, prayer, mayor, fayre, ne'er, yeah, bear, heir, ceorl, moderne, where, err (variant), parterre, couvert, they're, eyra </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> / ɪə (r) / </Td> <Td> ere, aer, e're, ea, ear, eare, eer, eere, eir, eor, er, ers, eyr, ier, iere, ir, oea </Td> <Td> here, chimaera, we're, idea (RP), ear, feared, beer, peered, weird, theory (RP), series, revers, eyrie, pier, premiere, souvenir, diarrhoea (RP) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> / ɜː (r) / </Td> <Td> er, ir, ur, ear, ere, err, erre, eur, eure, irr, irre, oeu, olo, or, ore, our, ueur, urr, urre, yr, yrrh </Td> <Td> defer, fir, fur, earl, were, err, interred, voyeur, chauffeured (GA), birr, stirred, hors d'oeuvre, colonel, worst, wore, adjourn, liqueur, purr, murre, myrtle, myrrh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> / juː / </Td> <Td> u, u...e, ew, eau, eo, eu, ewe, ieu, iew, ou, ue, ueue, ui, ut </Td> <Td> music, use, few, beauty, feodary, feud, ewe, adieu, view, ampoule, cue, queue, nuisance, debut </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan="3"> Vowels </Th> </Tr>

Words that have ea' in the middle of them
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