<Ul> <Li> Native American Advocate </Li> <Li> Public Official </Li> <Li> Social Reformer </Li> <Li> Sociology Professor </Li> </Ul> <Li> Native American Advocate </Li> <P> John Collier (May 4, 1884--May 8, 1968), a sociologist and writer, was an American social reformer and Native American advocate . He served as Commissioner for the Bureau of Indian Affairs in the President Franklin D. Roosevelt administration, from 1933 to 1945 . He was chiefly responsible for the "Indian New Deal", especially the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, through which he intended to reverse a long - standing policy of cultural assimilation of Native Americans . </P> <P> Collier was instrumental in ending the loss of reservations lands held by Indians, and in enabling many tribal nations to re-institute self - government and preserve their traditional culture . Some Indian tribes rejected what they thought was unwarranted outside interference with their own political systems that the new approach had brought them . </P>

Who directed the bureau of indian affairs during the new deal