<P> There are more Arabic speakers in Africa than Asia . It is spoken as an official language in all of the continent's Arab League states . Arabic is also spoken as a trade language across the Sahara as far as the Sahel, including parts of Mali, Chad and Borno State in Nigeria . </P> <P> During the rise of Berber dynasties like the Almoravids and Almohads between 1040 and 1500, Berber served as both the vernacular and lingua franca of Northwest Africa . Today the language is less influential due to its suppression and marginalization, and the adoption of French and Arabic by the political regimes of the Berber world as working languages . However, Tuareg, a branch of the Berber languages, is still playing the role of a lingua franca to some extent in some vast parts of the Sahara Desert, especially in southern Algeria, Mali, Niger, and Libya . Another branch, Tamazight, has become an official language of Morocco . In Algeria, Tamazight has been a national language since 2002, and an official State Language in 2016 . </P> <P> Fanagalo or Fanakalo is a pidgin based on the Zulu, English, and Afrikaans languages . It was used as a lingua franca mainly in the mining industries in South Africa, however in this role it is being increasingly eclipsed by English which is viewed as being more neutral politically . </P> <P> Fula (Fula: Fulfulde or Pulaar or Pular, depending on the region; French: Peul) the language of the Fula people or Fulani (Fula: Fulɓe; French: Peuls) and associated groups such as the Toucouleur . Fula is spoken in all countries directly south of the Sahara (such as Cameroon, Chad, Nigeria, Niger, Mali ...). It is spoken mainly by Fula people, but is also used as a lingua franca by several populations of various origin, throughout Western Africa . </P>

Which of the following is a lingua franca is much of eastern africa