<Ul> <Li> audio - and video - frequency pre-amplifiers and buffers </Li> <Li> differential amplifiers </Li> <Li> differentiators and integrators </Li> <Li> filters </Li> <Li> precision rectifiers </Li> <Li> precision peak detectors </Li> <Li> voltage and current regulators </Li> <Li> analog calculators </Li> <Li> analog - to - digital converters </Li> <Li> digital - to - analog converters </Li> <Li> Voltage clamping </Li> <Li> oscillators and waveform generators </Li> <Li> clipper </Li> <Li> clamper (dc inserter or restorer) </Li> <Li> LOG and ANTILOG amplifiers </Li> </Ul> <Li> audio - and video - frequency pre-amplifiers and buffers </Li> <Li> differentiators and integrators </Li> <Li> precision peak detectors </Li>

The purpose of level shifter in op-amp internal circuit is to