<P> Qin Shi Huang, the first ruler of the Qin dynasty, established China's imperial system of government in 221 BC after unifying the Seven Warring States through conquest, bringing to an end the Warring States period . For a time, the rulers of the warring states claimed nominal allegiance to an overlord king of the Zhou dynasty (c. 1050--256 BC), yet the Zhou kings' political power and prestige was less than that of later Chinese emperors . The imperial system fell apart after the fall of Qin in 206 BC . However, following Han's victory over Chu, the King of Han reestablished the imperial system and is known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu (r . 202--195 BC). </P> <P> The Han system of imperial government borrowed many of its core features from the regime established by the Qin dynasty . For example, Gaozu's Chancellor Xiao He (d . 193 BC) integrated much of the statutes of the Qin law code into the newly compiled Han law code . Yet Gaozu's establishment of central control over only a third of the empire--the other two - thirds of territory was controlled by semi-autonomous kingdoms--strayed from Qin's imperial model which gave the emperor direct control over all of China . However, a series of reforms eventually stripped away any vestiges of the kingdoms' independence . Han emperors thereafter enjoyed full and direct control over China, as had the first Qin emperor . The Han court's gradual move towards reestablishing central control can also be seen in its monetary policy . While the Qin regime installed a nationwide standard currency, the early Western Han regime oscillated between abolishing and legalizing private mints, commandery - level mints, and kingdom - level mints issuing various coins . In 113 BC the Han court finally established the central government's monopoly control over the issuance of a standard, nationwide currency . </P> <P> The emperor, who enjoyed paramount social status, was the head of the government administration . His rule was virtually absolute, although civil officials, representing the competing interests of different state organs, scrutinized his decisions . Although the Grand Commandant had a nominal role as commander - in - chief, the emperor served as the commander - in - chief of the armed forces . The emperor had the sole right to appoint central government officials whose salary - rank was 600 - dan or higher . The emperor also appointed the leading officials at the provincial, commandery, and county levels of government . Appointees to office were usually recommended men from the commanderies, family relatives of high officials, or student graduates of the Imperial University . This institution was established in 124 BC, and provided a Confucian - based education for those entering civil service . </P> <P> The emperor had the exclusive right to modify the law code and issue new laws in the form of imperial edicts (zhao 詔) and decrees (ling 令). However, he often accepted the decisions and reforms suggested by his chief judicial minister, the Commandant of Justice . The emperor also acted as the supreme judge . Any lawsuits which a county administration, then commandery administration, and then Minister of Justice could not resolve were deferred to the emperor . </P>

What qualifies a citizen in the han dynasty to hold a government job
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