<P> Bebop or bop is a style of jazz developed in the early to mid-1940s in the United States, which features songs characterized by a fast tempo, complex chord progressions with rapid chord changes and numerous changes of key, instrumental virtuosity, and improvisation based on a combination of harmonic structure, the use of scales and occasional references to the melody . </P> <P> Bebop developed as the younger generation of jazz musicians expanded the creative possibilities of jazz beyond the popular, dance - oriented swing style with a new "musician's music" that was not as danceable and demanded close listening . As bebop was not intended for dancing, it enabled the musicians to play at faster tempos . Bebop musicians explored advanced harmonies, complex syncopation, altered chords, extended chords, chord substitutions, asymmetrical phrasing, and intricate melodies . Bebop groups used rhythm sections in a way that expanded their role . Whereas the key ensemble of the swing era was the big band of up to fourteen pieces playing in an ensemble - based style, the classic bebop group was a small combo that consisted of saxophone (alto or tenor), trumpet, piano, double bass, and drums playing music in which the ensemble played a supportive role for soloists . Rather than play heavily arranged music, bebop musicians typically played the melody of a song (called the "head") with the accompaniment of the rhythm section, followed by a section in which each of the performers improvised a solo, then returned to the melody at the end of the song . </P> <P> Some of the most influential bebop artists, who were typically composer - performers, are: tenor sax players Dexter Gordon, Sonny Rollins, and James Moody; alto sax player Charlie Parker; trumpeters Fats Navarro, Clifford Brown, and Dizzy Gillespie; pianists Bud Powell, Mary Lou Williams, and Thelonious Monk; electric guitarist Charlie Christian, and drummers Kenny Clarke, Max Roach, and Art Blakey . </P> <P> The term "bebop" is derived from nonsense syllables (vocables) used in scat singing; the first known example of "bebop" being used was in McKinney's Cotton Pickers' "Four or Five Times", recorded in 1928 . It appears again in a 1936 recording of "I'se a Muggin"' by Jack Teagarden . A variation, "rebop", appears in several 1939 recordings . The first, known print appearance also occurred in 1939, but the term was little - used subsequently until applied to the music now associated with it in the mid-1940s . Thelonious Monk claims that the original title "Bip Bop" for his tune "52nd Street Theme", was the origin of the name bebop . </P>

Who became the most dominant figure in be-bop jazz
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