<P> The Constitution of May 3, 1791, which historian Norman Davies calls "the first constitution of its kind in Europe", was in effect for only a year . It was designed to redress longstanding political defects of the Polish--Lithuanian Commonwealth and its traditional system of "Golden Liberty". The Constitution introduced political equality between townspeople and nobility (szlachta) and placed the peasants under the protection of the government, thus mitigating the worst abuses of serfdom . </P> <P> Constitutionalist was also a label used by some independent candidates in UK general elections in the early 1920s . Most of the candidates were former Liberal Party members, and many of them joined the Conservative Party soon after being elected . The best known Constitutionalist candidate was Winston Churchill in the 1924 UK general election . </P> <P> After the democratically elected government of president Juan Bosch in the Dominican Republic was deposed, the Constitutionalist movement was born in the country . As opposed to said movement, the Anticonstitutionalist movement was also born . Bosch had to depart to Puerto Rico after he was deposed . His first leader was Colonel Rafael Tomás Fernández Domínguez, and he wanted Bosch to come back to power once again . Colonel Fernández Domínguez was exiled to Puerto Rico where Bosch was . The Constitutionalists had a new leader: Colonel Francisco Alberto Caamaño Deñó . </P> <P> Legal scholar Jeremy Waldron contends that constitutionalism is often undemocratic: </P>

American constitutionalism is based on which principles of aristotelian thought