<P> When it opened in 1989, The Mirage was the first casino to use cameras full - time on all table games . </P> <P> In addition to cameras and other technological measures, casinos also enforce security through rules of conduct and behavior; for example, players at card games are required to keep the cards they are holding in their hands visible at all times . </P> <P> Over the past few decades, casinos have developed many different marketing techniques for attracting and maintaining loyal patrons . Many casinos use a loyalty rewards program used to track players' spending habits and target their patrons more effectively, by sending mailings with free slot play and other promotions . </P> <P> One area of controversy surrounding casinos is their relationship to crime rates . Economic studies that show a positive relationship between casinos and crime usually fail to consider the visiting population at risk when they calculate the crime rate in casino areas . Such studies thus count the crimes committed by visitors, but do not count visitors in the population measure, and this overstates the crime rates in casino areas . Part of the reason this methodology is used, despite it leading to an overstatement of crime rates is that reliable data on tourist count are often not available . In a 2004 report by the US Department of Justice, researchers interviewed people who had been arrested in Las Vegas and Des Moines and found that the percentage of problem or pathological gamblers among the arrestees was three to five times higher than in the general population . According to some police reports, incidences of reported crime often double and triple in communities within three years of a casino opening . </P>

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