<Ul> <Li> From 1797 to 1809, several American ships traded in Nagasaki under the Dutch flag, upon the request of the Dutch, who were not able to send their own ships because of their conflict against Britain during the Napoleonic Wars . </Li> <Li> In 1837, an American businessman in Canton named Charles W. King saw an opportunity to open trade by trying to return to Japan three Japanese sailors (among them, Otokichi) who had been shipwrecked a few years before on the coast of Washington . He went to Uraga Channel with Morrison, an unarmed American merchant ship . The ship was attacked several times, and sailed back without completing its mission . </Li> <Li> In 1846, Commander James Biddle, anchored in Edo Bay on an official mission with two ships, including one warship armed with 72 cannons, asking for ports to be opened for trade, but his requests for a trade agreement remained unsuccessful . </Li> <Li> In 1849, Captain James Glynn sailed to Nagasaki, leading at last to the first successful negotiation by an American with Japan . James Glynn recommended to the United States Congress that negotiations to open Japan be backed up by a demonstration of force, thus paving the way for Perry's expedition . </Li> </Ul> <Li> From 1797 to 1809, several American ships traded in Nagasaki under the Dutch flag, upon the request of the Dutch, who were not able to send their own ships because of their conflict against Britain during the Napoleonic Wars . </Li> <Li> In 1837, an American businessman in Canton named Charles W. King saw an opportunity to open trade by trying to return to Japan three Japanese sailors (among them, Otokichi) who had been shipwrecked a few years before on the coast of Washington . He went to Uraga Channel with Morrison, an unarmed American merchant ship . The ship was attacked several times, and sailed back without completing its mission . </Li> <Li> In 1846, Commander James Biddle, anchored in Edo Bay on an official mission with two ships, including one warship armed with 72 cannons, asking for ports to be opened for trade, but his requests for a trade agreement remained unsuccessful . </Li>

Who showed up in tokyo harbor to threaten japan