<P> In 1809, Bonaparte occupied Rome, for contrasts with the pope, who had excommunicated him, and to maintain his own state efficiently, exiling the Pope first to Savona and then to France . </P> <P> After Russia, the other states of Europe re-allied themselves and defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Leipzig, after which his Italian allied states, with Murat first among them, abandoned him to ally with Austria . Defeated at Paris on 6 April 1814, Napoleon was compelled to renounce his throne and sent into exile on Elba . The resulting Congress of Vienna (1814) restored a situation close to that of 1795, dividing Italy between Austria (in the north - east and Lombardy), the Kingdom of Sardinia, the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (in the south and in Sicily), and Tuscany, the Papal States and other minor states in the centre . However, old republics such as Venice and Genoa were not recreated, Venice went to Austria, and Genoa went to the Kingdom of Sardinia . </P> <P> On Napoleon's escape and return to France (the Hundred Days), he regained Murat's support, but Murat proved unable to convince the Italians to fight for Napoleon with his Proclamation of Rimini and was beaten and killed . The Italian kingdoms thus fell, and Italy's Restoration period began, with many pre-Napoleonic sovereigns returned to their thrones . Piedmont, Genoa and Nice came to be united, as did Sardinia (which went on to create the State of Savoy), while Lombardy, Veneto, Istria and Dalmatia were re-annexed to Austria . The dukedoms of Parma and Modena re-formed, and the Papal States and the Kingdom of Naples returned to the Bourbons . The political and social events in the restoration period of Italy (1815--1835) led to popular uprisings throughout the peninsula and greatly shaped what would become the Italian Wars of Independence . All this led to a new Kingdom of Italy and Italian unification . </P> <P> Artz emphasizes the benefits the Italians gained from the French Revolution: </P>

Who conquered rome before it was a world power