<P> Another method of source reduction is to increase incentives for recycling . Many communities in the United States are implementing variable - rate pricing for waste disposal (also known as Pay As You Throw - PAYT) which has been effective in reducing the size of the municipal waste stream . </P> <P> Source reduction is typically measured by efficiencies and cutbacks in waste . Toxics use reduction is a more controversial approach to source reduction that targets and measures reductions in the upstream use of toxic materials . Toxics use reduction emphasizes the more preventive aspects of source reduction but, due to its emphasis on toxic chemical inputs, has been opposed more vigorously by chemical manufacturers . Toxics use reduction programs have been set up by legislation in some states, e.g., Massachusetts, New Jersey, and Oregon . The 3 R's represent the' Waste Hierarchy' which lists the best ways of managing waste from the most to the least desirable . Many of the things we currently throw away could be reused again with just a little thought and imagination . </P>

What is the best option for dealing with waste