<P> Since the citizens of China are living longer and having fewer children, the growth of the population imbalance is expected to continue, as reported by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation which referred to a United Nations projections forecast that "China will lose 67 million working - age people by 2030, while simultaneously doubling the number of elderly . That could put immense pressure on the economy and government resources ." The longer term outlook is also pessimistic, based on an estimate by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, revealed by Cai Fang, deputy director . "By 2050, one - third of the country will be aged 60 years or older, and there will be fewer workers supporting each retired person ." </P> <P> Although many critics of China's reproductive restrictions approve of the policy's abolition, some say that the move to the two - child policy will not end forced sterilizations, forced abortions, or government control over birth permits . Others also state that the abolition is not a sign of the relaxation of authoritarian control in China . A reporter for CNN said, "It was not a sign that the party will suddenly start respecting personal freedoms more than it has in the past . No, this is a case of the party adjusting policy to conditions...The new policy, raising the limit to two children per couple, preserves the state's role ." The abolition may not achieve a significant benefit, as the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation analysis indicates: "Repealing the one - child policy may not spur a huge baby boom, however, in part because fertility rates are believed to be declining even without the policy's enforcement . Previous easings of the one - child policy have spurred fewer births than expected, and many people among China's younger generations see smaller family sizes as ideal ." The CNN reporter adds that China's new prosperity is also a factor in the declining birth rate, saying, "Couples naturally decide to have fewer children as they move from the fields into the cities, become more educated, and when women establish careers outside the home ." </P> <P> The one - child policy was managed by the National Population and Family Planning Commission under the central government since 1981 . The Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China and the National Health and Family Planning Commission were made defunct and a new single agency National Health and Family Planning Commission took over national health and family planning policies in 2013 . The agency reports to the State Council . </P> <P> The policy was enforced at the provincial level through fines that were imposed based on the income of the family and other factors . "Population and Family Planning Commissions" existed at every level of government to raise awareness and carry out registration and inspection work . </P>

What are the major rules of china’s one-child policy