<P> On still other occasions, causation is irrelevant to legal liability altogether . For example, under a contract of indemnity insurance, the insurer agrees to indemnify the victim for harm not caused by the insurer, but by other parties . </P> <P> Because of the difficulty in establishing causation, it is one area of the law where the case law overlaps significantly with general doctrines of analytic philosophy to do with causation . The two subjects have long been intermingled . </P> <P> Where establishing causation is required to establish legal liability, it usually involves a two - stage inquiry, firstly establishing' factual' causation, then' legal' causation . </P> <P>' Factual' causation must be established before inquiring into legal causation, perhaps by assessing if the defendant acted in the plaintiff's loss . </P>

Victims who set the stage for crimes of opportunity through gross negligence are called