<P> In addition to the Ancestral Puebloans, a number of distinct cultures have inhabited the Grand Canyon area . The Cohonina lived to the west of the Grand Canyon, between 500 and 1200 CE . The Cohonina were ancestors of the Yuman, Havasupai, and Hualapai peoples who inhabit the area today . </P> <P> The Sinagua were a cultural group occupying an area to the southeast of the Grand Canyon, between the Little Colorado River and the Salt River, between approximately 500 and 1425 CE . The Sinagua may have been ancestors of several Hopi clans . </P> <P> By the time of the arrival of Europeans in the 16th century, newer cultures had evolved . The Hualapai inhabit a 100 - mile (160 km) stretch along the pine - clad southern side of the Grand Canyon . The Havasupai have been living in the area near Cataract Canyon since the beginning of the 13th century, occupying an area the size of Delaware . The Southern Paiutes live in what is now southern Utah and northern Arizona . The Navajo, or Diné, live in a wide area stretching from the San Francisco Peaks eastwards towards the Four Corners . Archaeological and linguistic evidence suggests the Navajo descended from the Athabaskan people near Great Slave Lake, Canada, who migrated after the 11th century . </P> <P> In September 1540, under orders from the conquistador Francisco Vázquez de Coronado to search for the fabled Seven Cities of Cibola, Captain García López de Cárdenas, along with Hopi guides and a small group of Spanish soldiers, traveled to the south rim of the Grand Canyon between Desert View and Moran Point . Pablo de Melgrossa, Juan Galeras, and a third soldier descended some one third of the way into the canyon until they were forced to return because of lack of water . In their report, they noted that some of the rocks in the canyon were "bigger than the great tower of Seville, Giralda" It is speculated that their Hopi guides likely knew routes to the canyon floor, but may have been reluctant to lead the Spanish to the river . No Europeans visited the canyon again for more than two hundred years . </P>

What kind of rock is the grand canyon made of