<P> The engineering profession engages in a wide range of activities, from large collaboration at the societal level, and also smaller individual projects . Almost all engineering projects are obligated to some sort of financing agency: a company, a set of investors, or a government . The few types of engineering that are minimally constrained by such issues are pro bono engineering and open - design engineering . </P> <P> By its very nature engineering has interconnections with society, culture and human behavior . Every product or construction used by modern society is influenced by engineering . The results of engineering activity influence changes to the environment, society and economies, and its application brings with it a responsibility and public safety . </P> <P> Engineering projects can be subject to controversy . Examples from different engineering disciplines include the development of nuclear weapons, the Three Gorges Dam, the design and use of sport utility vehicles and the extraction of oil . In response, some western engineering companies have enacted serious corporate and social responsibility policies . </P> <P> Engineering is a key driver of innovation and human development . Sub-Saharan Africa, in particular, has a very small engineering capacity which results in many African nations being unable to develop crucial infrastructure without outside aid . The attainment of many of the Millennium Development Goals requires the achievement of sufficient engineering capacity to develop infrastructure and sustainable technological development . </P>

Why civil engineering is called mother of engineering