<P> Hydrogen bonding and halogen bonding are typically not classified as Van der Waals forces . </P> <P> Dipole - dipole interactions are electrostatic interactions between permanent dipoles in molecules . These interactions tend to align the molecules to increase attraction (reducing potential energy). Normally, dipoles are associated with electronegative atoms, including oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and fluorine . </P> <P> For example, acetone, the active ingredient in some nail polish removers, has a net dipole associated with the carbonyl (see figure 2). Since oxygen is more electronegative than the carbon that is covalently bonded to it, the electrons associated with that bond will be closer to the oxygen than the carbon, creating a partial negative charge (δ) on the oxygen, and a partial positive charge (δ) on the carbon . They are not full charges because the electrons are still shared through a covalent bond between the oxygen and carbon . If the electrons were no longer being shared, then the oxygen - carbon bond would be an electrostatic interaction . </P> <Dl> <Dd> H δ + − Cl δ − ⋯ H δ + − Cl δ − (\ displaystyle (\ overset (\ color (Red) \ delta +) ((\ ce (H)))) - (\ overset (\ color (Red) \ delta -) ((\ ce (Cl)))) \ cdots (\ overset (\ color (Red) \ delta +) ((\ ce (H)))) - (\ overset (\ color (Red) \ delta -) ((\ ce (Cl))))) </Dd> </Dl>

Van der waals electrostatic hydrogen bonding hydrophobic interaction