<P> Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials are also used to study the basal ganglia of amphibians to see how motor function is modulated through its inhibitory outputs from the striatum to the tectum and tegmentum . Visually guided behaviors may be regulated through the inhibitory striato - tegmental pathway found in amphibians in a study performed at the Baylor College of Medicine and the Chinese Academy of Sciences . The basal ganglia in amphibians is very important in receiving visual, auditory, olfactory, and mechansensory inputs; the disinhibitory striato - protecto - tectal pathway is important in prey - catching behaviors of amphibians . When the ipsilateral striatum of an adult toad was electrically stimulated, inhibitory postsynaptic potentials were induced in binocular tegmental neurons, which affects the visual system of the toad . </P> <P> Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials can be inhibited themselves through a signaling process called "depolarized - induced suppression of inhibition (DSI)" in CA1 pyramidal cells and cerebellar Purkinje cells . In a laboratory setting step depolarizations the soma have been used to create DSIs, but it can also be achieved through synaptically induced depolarization of the dendrites . DSIs can be blocked by ionotropic receptor calcium ion channel antagonists on the somata and proximal apical dendrites of CA1 pyramidal cells . Dendritic inhibitory postsynaptic potentials can be severely reduced by DSIs through direct depolarization . </P> <P> Along these lines, inhibitory postsynaptic potentials are useful in the signaling of the olfactory bulb to the olfactory cortex . EPSPs are amplified by persistent sodium ion conductance in external tufted cells . Low - voltage activated calcium ion conductance enhances even larger EPSPs . The hyperpolarization activated nonselective cation conductance decreases EPSP summation and duration and they also change inhibitory inputs into postsynaptic excitation . IPSPs come into the picture when the tufted cells membranes are depolarized and IPSPs then cause inhibition . At resting threshold IPSPs induce action potentials . GABA is responsible for much of the work of the IPSPs in the external tufted cells . </P> <P> Another interesting study of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials looks at neuronal theta rhythm oscillations that can be used to represent electrophysiological phenomena and various behaviors . Theta rhythms are found in the hippocampus and GABAergic synaptic inhibition helps to modulate them . They are dependent on IPSPs and started in either CA3 by muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and within C1 by the activation of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors . When interneurons are activated by metabotropic acetylcholine receptors in the CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices, a theta pattern of IPSPs in pyramidal cells occurs independent of the input . This research also studies DSIs, showing that DSIs interrupt metabotropic acetylcholine - initiated rhythm through the release of endocannabinoids . An endocannabinoid - dependent mechanism can disrupt theta IPSPs through action potentials delivered as a burst pattern or brief train . In addition, the activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors removes any theta IPSP activity through a G - protein, calcium ion--independent pathway . </P>

If acetylcholine causes inhibition of a postsynaptic neuron