<P> Government expenditure on healthcare is about 2.9% of GDP (2014). Every citizen is protected under the National Health Insurance (Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional, JKN), a scheme to implement universal health care launched by the Ministry of Health in 2014 . It is expected that spending on healthcare will increase by 12% a year and reach US $46 billion a year by 2019 . Under JKN, all citizens will receive coverage for a range of treatments via health services from public providers as well as private organisations that have opted to join the scheme . Although health indicators have significantly improved in recent decades such as improvement in life expectancy (from 63 in 1990 to 71 in 2012) and declining child mortality (from 85 deaths per 1,000 births in 1990 to 27 deaths in 2015), Indonesia continues to face health challenges that include maternal and child health, low air quality, malnutrition, high rate of smoking, and communicable diseases . </P> <P> Close to 80% of the population lives in the western parts of the archipelago, but they are growing at a slower pace than the rest of the country . This has created a wealth, unemployment rate, and health gap between the densely populated islands and economic centres (such as Sumatra and Java) and sparsely populated, disadvantaged areas (such as Maluku and Papua). Economic inequality affects both the economy and the social structure, resulting in social discrimination . Racism, especially against the Chinese Indonesians since the colonial period, still continues to date . Recently, LGBT issues have gained attention in Indonesia . While homosexuality is legal in most parts of the country, it is illegal in Aceh and South Sumatra . LGBT people and activists face fierce opposition, homophobic attacks, and hate speech, launched even by authorities . </P> <P> Indonesia has a multicultural, multilingual and multi-ethnic society . Each ethnic group has their own arts, architecture and housing, cuisine, traditional dresses, festivals, music and dance, rituals, myths, philosophies, and language . The cultural identities developed over centuries, and influenced by Indian, Arabic, Chinese, and European sources, resulting in many cultural practices being strongly influenced by a multitude of religions, including Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Islam and Christianity . The result is a complex and unique cultural mixture that differs from the original indigenous cultures . Examples include the fusion of Islam with Hindu in Javanese Abangan belief, the fusion of Hinduism, Buddhism and animism in Bodha, and the fusion of Hinduism and animism in Kaharingan . Traditional Javanese and Balinese dances, for example, contain aspects of Hindu culture and mythology, as do wayang kulit (shadow puppet) performances . Indonesia currently holds 9 items of UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage, which include wayang puppet theatre, kris, batik, education and training on making Indonesian batik, angklung, saman dance, noken, and the three genres of traditional Balinese dance . </P> <P> Indonesian arts include both age - old art forms developed through centuries, and a recently developed contemporary art . Despite often displaying local ingenuity, Indonesian arts have experienced foreign influences--most notably from India, the Arab world, China and Europe, as the result of centuries of contacts and interactions facilitated, and often motivated, by trade . They are either work of arts produced by its people--created by Indonesian artists, or influenced by its culture and traditions . </P>

Pacific nation made up of 17 000 islands including bali