<P> After Indian complaints, a second Treaty of Buffalo was written in 1842 in attempts to mediate tension . Under this treaty the Haudenosaunee were given the right to reside in New York and small areas of reservations were restored by the U.S. government . </P> <P> These agreements were largely ineffective in protecting Native American land . By 1889 eighty percent of all Iroquois reservation land in New York was leased by non-Natives . </P> <P> The modern - day Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations are located in Northern Arizona, near the Four Corners area . The Hopi reservation is 2,531.773 square miles within Arizona and lies surrounded by the greater Navajo reservation which spans 27,413 square miles and extends slightly into the states of New Mexico and Utah . The Hopi, also known as the Pueblo people, made many spiritually motivated migrations throughout the Southwest before settling in present - day Northern Arizona . The Navajo people also migrated throughout western North America following spiritual commands before settling near the Grand Canyon area . The two tribes peacefully coexisted and even traded and exchanged ideas with each other; However, their way of lives were threatened when the "New people", what the Navajo called white settlers, began executing Natives across the continent and claiming their land, as a result of Andrew Jackson's Indian Removal Act . War ensued between the Navajo people, who call themselves the Diné, and new Americans . The end result was the Long Walk in the early 1860s in which the entire tribe was forced to walk roughly 400 miles from Fort Canby (present day Window Rock, Arizona) to Bosque Redondo in New Mexico . This march is similar to the well known Cherokee "Trail of Tears" and like it, many tribe did not survive the trek . The roughly 11,000 tribe members were imprisoned here in what the United States government deemed an experimental Indian reservation that failed because it became too expensive, there were too many people to feed, and they were continuously raided by other native tribe . Consequently, in 1868, the Navajo were allowed to return to their homeland after signing the Treaty of Bosque Redondo . The treaty officially established the "Navajo Indian Reservation" in Northern Arizona . The term reservation is one which creates territorialities or claims on places . This treaty gave them the right to the land and semi-autonomous governance of it . The Hopi reservation, on the other hand, was created through an executive order by President Arthur in 1882 . </P> <P> A few years after the two reservations were established, the Dawes Allotment Act was passed under which communal tribal land was divvied up and allocated to each household in attempt to enforce European - American farming styles where each family owns and works their own plot of land . This was a further act of enclosure by the US government . Each family received 640 acres or less and the remaining land was deemed "surplus" because it was more than the tribes needed . This "surplus" land was then made available for purchase by American citizens . </P>

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