<P> The four most important traditions to emerge directly from the reformation were the Lutheran tradition, the Reformed / Calvinist / Presbyterian tradition, the Anabaptist tradition, and the Anglican tradition . Subsequent Protestant traditions generally trace their roots back to these initial four schools of the Reformation . It also led to the Catholic or Counter Reformation within the Roman Catholic Church . Lutherans, Reformed, Anabaptists, and Methodists all included references to the Papacy as the Antichrist in their confessions of faith: </P> <P> Smalcald Articles, Article four (1537) </P> <Dl> <Dd>... the Pope is the very Antichrist, who has exalted himself above, and opposed himself against Christ because he will not permit Christians to be saved without his power, which, nevertheless, is nothing, and is neither ordained nor commanded by God . This is, properly speaking to exalt himself above all that is called God as Paul says, 2 Thess. 2, 4 . Even the Turks or the Tartars, great enemies of Christians as they are, do not do this, but they allow whoever wishes to believe in Christ, and take bodily tribute and obedience from Christians...Therefore, just as little as we can worship the devil himself as Lord and God, we can endure his apostle, the Pope, or Antichrist, in his rule as head or lord . For to lie and to kill, and to destroy body and soul eternally, that is wherein his papal government really consists...The Pope, however, prohibits this faith, saying that to be saved a person must obey him . This we are unwilling to do, even though on this account we must die in God's name . This all proceeds from the fact that the Pope has wished to be called the supreme head of the Christian Church by divine right . Accordingly he had to make himself equal and superior to Christ, and had to cause himself to be proclaimed the head and then the lord of the Church, and finally of the whole world, and simply God on earth, until he has dared to issue commands even to the angels in heaven...</Dd> </Dl> <Dd>... the Pope is the very Antichrist, who has exalted himself above, and opposed himself against Christ because he will not permit Christians to be saved without his power, which, nevertheless, is nothing, and is neither ordained nor commanded by God . This is, properly speaking to exalt himself above all that is called God as Paul says, 2 Thess. 2, 4 . Even the Turks or the Tartars, great enemies of Christians as they are, do not do this, but they allow whoever wishes to believe in Christ, and take bodily tribute and obedience from Christians...Therefore, just as little as we can worship the devil himself as Lord and God, we can endure his apostle, the Pope, or Antichrist, in his rule as head or lord . For to lie and to kill, and to destroy body and soul eternally, that is wherein his papal government really consists...The Pope, however, prohibits this faith, saying that to be saved a person must obey him . This we are unwilling to do, even though on this account we must die in God's name . This all proceeds from the fact that the Pope has wished to be called the supreme head of the Christian Church by divine right . Accordingly he had to make himself equal and superior to Christ, and had to cause himself to be proclaimed the head and then the lord of the Church, and finally of the whole world, and simply God on earth, until he has dared to issue commands even to the angels in heaven...</Dd>

What kinds of reforms were made in the papacy in the sixteenth century