<P> Khrushchev agreed on a deployment plan in May 1962 chiefly in response to NATO positioning their nuclear missiles in Turkey in 1958, and by late July over sixty Soviet ships were on route to Cuba, some of them already carrying military material . A U.S. U-2 flight on the morning of October 14 photographed a series of SAM (surface - to - air missile) sites being constructed . In a televised address on October 22, U.S. President John F. Kennedy announced the discovery of the installations and proclaimed that any nuclear missile attack from Cuba would be regarded as an attack by the Soviet Union and would be responded to accordingly . Khrushchev sent letters to Kennedy on October 23 and 24 claiming the deterrent nature of the missiles in Cuba and the peaceful intentions of the Soviet Union . On October 26, the Soviets offered to withdraw the missiles in return for a U.S. guarantee not to invade Cuba or support any invasion and to remove all missiles set in southern Italy and in Turkey . This deal was accepted and the crisis abated . </P> <P> The missile crisis had a significant impact on the countries involved . While it led to a thaw in U.S. - Soviet relations, it further strained Cuban - Soviet relations . Castro was not consulted throughout the Kennedy - Khrushchev negotiations and was angered by the unilateral Soviet withdrawal of the missiles and bombers . The People's Republic of China likewise expressed concern about the outcome . </P> <P> In 1962 the Soviets created a SIGINT facility in Lourdes, just south of Havana . The SIGINT facility at Lourdes was among the most significant intelligence collection capabilities targeting the United States . It allowed the Soviets to monitor all U.S. military and civilian geosynchronous communications satellites . </P> <P> After the crisis, in June 1963 Castro made a historic visit to the Soviet Union, returning to Cuba to recall the construction projects he had seen, specifically the Siberian hydro power stations . Castro also spoke about the development of Soviet agriculture, repeatedly emphasizing the necessity for using Soviet experience in solving internal tasks of socialist construction in Cuba . Castro asserted that the Soviet people "expressed by their deeds their love for and solidarity with Cuba". On the trip Castro and Khrushchev negotiated new sugar export deals and agricultural methods to solve the main problem in increasing the output of sugar . </P>

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