<P> The degree to which the President of the United States's political party has control over the House of Representatives and Senate often determines his political strength - such as the ability to pass sponsored legislation, ratify treaties, and have Cabinet members and judges approved . </P> <P> Many presidents' elections produced what is known as a coattail effect, in which the success of a presidential candidate also leads to electoral success for other members of his or her party . In fact, all newly elected presidents except Zachary Taylor, Richard Nixon, and George H.W. Bush were accompanied by control of at least one house of Congress . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> President </Th> <Th_colspan="2"> President's Party </Th> <Th> Senate with </Th> <Th> Senate opposed </Th> <Th> House with </Th> <Th> House opposed </Th> <Th> Congress with </Th> <Th> Congress opposed </Th> <Th> Congress divided </Th> <Th> Years served </Th> <Th> Elections won </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> George Washington </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> None </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> John Adams </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> Federalist </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Thomas Jefferson </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> Democratic - Republican </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> James Madison </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> Democratic - Republican </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> James Monroe </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> Democratic - Republican </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 6 </Th> <Td> John Quincy Adams </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> Democratic - Republican </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 7 </Th> <Td> Andrew Jackson </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> Democratic </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 8 </Th> <Td> Martin Van Buren </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> Democratic </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 9 </Th> <Td> William Harrison </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> Whig </Td> <Td> 0.1 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0.1 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0.1 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0.1 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 10 </Th> <Td> John Tyler </Td> <Td> Whig </Td> <Td> Independent </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 11 </Th> <Td> James Polk </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> Democratic </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 12 </Th> <Td> Zachary Taylor </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> Whig </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 13 </Th> <Td> Millard Fillmore </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> Whig </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 14 </Th> <Td> Franklin Pierce </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> Democratic </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 15 </Th> <Td> James Buchanan </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> Democratic </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 16 </Th> <Td> Abraham Lincoln </Td> <Td> Republican </Td> <Td> National Union </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 17 </Th> <Td> Andrew Johnson </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> National Union </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 18 </Th> <Td> Ulysses Grant </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> Republican </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 19 </Th> <Td> Rutherford Hayes </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> Republican </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 20 </Th> <Td> James Garfield </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> Republican </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0.5 </Td> <Td> 0.5 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0.5 </Td> <Td> 0.5 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 21 </Th> <Td> Chester Arthur </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> Republican </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 22 </Th> <Td> Grover Cleveland </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> Democratic </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 23 </Th> <Td> Benjamin Harrison </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> Republican </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 24 </Th> <Td> Grover Cleveland </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> Democratic </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 25 </Th> <Td> William McKinley </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> Republican </Td> <Td> 4.5 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 4.5 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 4.5 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 4.5 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 26 </Th> <Td> Theodore Roosevelt </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> Republican </Td> <Td> 7.5 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 7.5 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 7.5 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 7.5 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 27 </Th> <Td> William Taft </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> Republican </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 28 </Th> <Td> Woodrow Wilson </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> Democratic </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 29 </Th> <Td> Warren Harding </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> Republican </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 30 </Th> <Td> Calvin Coolidge </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> Republican </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 31 </Th> <Td> Herbert Hoover </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> Republican </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 32 </Th> <Td> Franklin Roosevelt </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> Democratic </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 12.1 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 33 </Th> <Td> Harry Truman </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> Democratic </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 7.8 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 34 </Th> <Td> Dwight Eisenhower </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> Republican </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 35 </Th> <Td> John Kennedy </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> Democratic </Td> <Td> 2.8 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 2.8 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 2.8 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 2.8 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 36 </Th> <Td> Lyndon Johnson </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> Democratic </Td> <Td> 5.2 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 5.2 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 5.2 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 5.2 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 37 </Th> <Td> Richard Nixon </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> Republican </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 5.6 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 5.6 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 5.6 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 5.6 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 38 </Th> <Td> Gerald Ford </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> Republican </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 2.4 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 2.4 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 2.4 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 2.4 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 39 </Th> <Td> Jimmy Carter </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> Democratic </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 40 </Th> <Td> Ronald Reagan </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> Republican </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 41 </Th> <Td> George H.W. Bush </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> Republican </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 42 </Th> <Td> Bill Clinton </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> Democratic </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 43 </Th> <Td> George W. Bush </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> Republican </Td> <Td> 4.5 </Td> <Td> 3.5 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 4.5 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1.5 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 44 </Th> <Td> Barack Obama </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> Democratic </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 45 </Th> <Td> Donald Trump </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> Republican </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> President </Th> <Th_colspan="2"> President's Party </Th> <Th> Senate with </Th> <Th> Senate opposed </Th> <Th> House with </Th> <Th> House opposed </Th> <Th> Congress with </Th> <Th> Congress opposed </Th> <Th> Congress divided </Th> <Th> Years served </Th> <Th> Elections won </Th> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> President </Th> <Th_colspan="2"> President's Party </Th> <Th> Senate with </Th> <Th> Senate opposed </Th> <Th> House with </Th> <Th> House opposed </Th> <Th> Congress with </Th> <Th> Congress opposed </Th> <Th> Congress divided </Th> <Th> Years served </Th> <Th> Elections won </Th> </Tr>

Who has had control of the house and senate