<P> In the sympathetic nervous system and other components of the peripheral nervous system, these synapses are made at sites called ganglia . The cell that sends its fiber is called a preganglionic cell, while the cell whose fiber leaves the ganglion is called a postganglionic cell . As mentioned previously, the preganglionic cells of the sympathetic nervous system are located between the first thoracic segment and third lumbar segments of the spinal cord . Postganglionic cells have their cell bodies in the ganglia and send their axons to target organs or glands . </P> <P> The ganglia include not just the sympathetic trunks but also the cervical ganglia (superior, middle and inferior), which sends sympathetic nerve fibers to the head and thorax organs, and the celiac and mesenteric ganglia (which send sympathetic fibers to the gut). </P> <Table> Autonomic nervous supply to organs in the human body edit <Tr> <Th> Organ </Th> <Th> Nerves </Th> <Th> Spinal column origin </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> stomach </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> PS: anterior and posterior vagal trunks </Li> <Li> S: greater splanchnic nerves </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, sometimes T10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> duodenum </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> PS: vagus nerves </Li> <Li> S: greater splanchnic nerves </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, sometimes T10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> jejunum and ileum </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> PS: posterior vagal trunks </Li> <Li> S: greater splanchnic nerves </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> T5, T6, T7, T8, T9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> spleen </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> S: greater splanchnic nerves </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> T6, T7, T8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> gallbladder and liver </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> PS: vagus nerve </Li> <Li> S: celiac plexus </Li> <Li> right phrenic nerve </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> T6, T7, T8, T9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> colon </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> PS: vagus nerves and pelvic splanchnic nerves </Li> <Li> S: lesser and least splanchnic nerves </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> T10, T11, T12 (proximal colon) </Li> <Li> L1, L2, L3, (distal colon) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> pancreatic head </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> PS: vagus nerves </Li> <Li> S: thoracic splanchnic nerves </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> T8, T9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> appendix </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> nerves to superior mesenteric plexus </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> T10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> kidneys and ureters </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> PS: vagus nerve </Li> <Li> S: thoracic and lumbar splanchnic nerves </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> T11, T12 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Th> Organ </Th> <Th> Nerves </Th> <Th> Spinal column origin </Th> </Tr>

What organs are affected by the sympathetic nervous system