<Ul> <Li> Politics of United States </Li> <Li> Political parties </Li> <Li> Elections </Li> </Ul> <Li> Politics of United States </Li> <P> The Democratic - Republican Party was an American political party formed by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison in 1791--1793 to oppose the centralizing policies of the new Federalist Party run by Alexander Hamilton, who was secretary of the treasury and chief architect of George Washington's administration . From 1801 to 1825, the new party controlled the presidency and Congress as well as most states during the First Party System . It began in 1791 as one faction in Congress and included many politicians who had been opposed to the new constitution . They called themselves "Republicans" after their ideology, republicanism . They distrusted the Federalist commitment to republicanism . The party splintered in 1824 into the Jacksonian movement (which became the Democratic Party in 1828) and the short - lived National Republican Party (later succeeded by the Whig Party). </P> <P> The term "Democratic - Republican" is used especially by modern political scientists for the first "Republican Party" (as opposed to the modern Republican Party founded in 1854). It is also known as the Jeffersonian Republicans . Historians typically use the title "Republican Party". An "Anti-Administration" faction met secretly in the national capital (Philadelphia) to oppose Hamilton's financial programs . Jefferson denounced the programs as leading to monarchy and subversive of republicanism . Jefferson needed to have a nationwide party to challenge the Federalists, which Hamilton was building up with allies in major cities . Foreign affairs took a leading role in 1794--1795 as the Republicans vigorously opposed the Jay Treaty with Britain, which was then at war with France . Republicans saw France as more democratic after its revolution, while Britain represented the hated monarchy . The party denounced many of Hamilton's measures as unconstitutional, especially the national bank . </P>

When did the democratic and republican parties begin
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