<Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . (December 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . (December 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) </Td> </Tr> <P> The Six principles of Chinese painting were established by Xie He in "Six points to consider when judging a painting" (繪畫 六法, Pinyin: Huìhuà Liùfǎ) from the preface to his book "The Record of the Classification of Old Painters" (古 畫 品 錄; Pinyin: Gǔhuà Pǐnlù) written circa 550 and refers to "old" and "ancient" practices . The six elements that define a painting are: </P> <Ol> <Li> "Spirit Resonance," or vitality, and seems to translate to the nervous energy transmitted from the artist into the work . The overall energy of a work of art . Xie He said that without Spirit Resonance, there was no need to look further . </Li> <Li> "Bone Method," or the way of using the brush . This refers not only to texture and brush stroke, but to the close link between handwriting and personality . In his day, the art of calligraphy was inseparable from painting . </Li> <Li> "Correspondence to the Object," or the depicting of form, which would include shape and line . </Li> <Li> "Suitability to Type," or the application of color, including layers, value and tone . </Li> <Li> "Division and Planning," or placing and arrangement, corresponding to composition, space and depth . </Li> <Li> "Transmission by Copying," or the copying of models, not only from life but also the works of antiquity . </Li> </Ol>

Who established the six principles of chinese painting