<P> A ruined medieval castle sits above the village and dominates the landscape to the south . It was built in the 14th century for Pope John XXII, the second of the popes to reside in Avignon . None of the subsequent Avignon popes stayed in Châteauneuf but after the schism of 1378 the antipope Clement VII sought the security of the castle . With the departure of the popes the castle passed to the archbishop of Avignon, but it was too large and too expensive to maintain and was used as a source of stone for building work in the village . At the time of the Revolution the buildings were sold off and only the donjon was preserved . During the Second World War an attempt was made to demolish the donjon with dynamite by German soldiers but only the northern half was destroyed; the southern half remained intact . </P> <P> Almost all the cultivable land is planted with grapevines . The commune is famous for the production of red wine classified as Châteauneuf - du - Pape Appellation d'origine contrôlée which is produced from grapes grown in the commune of Châteauneuf - du - Pape and in portions of four adjoining communes . </P> <P> The first mention of the village is in a Latin document from 1094 that uses the name Castro Novo . The term castrum or castro in the 11th century was used to denote a fortified village, rather than a castle (castellum). The current French name of "Châteauneuf" (English: "New Castle") is derived from this early Latin name and not from the ruined 14th - century castle that towers above the village . Just over a century later in 1213 the village was referred to as Castronovum Calcernarium . Other early documents use Castronovo Caussornerio or Castrum Novum Casanerii . The official French name became Châteauneuf Calcernier . The word' Calcernier' comes from the presence of important lime kilns in the village . Calcernarium is derived from the Latin calx for lime and cernere means sift or sieve . From the 16th century the village was often referred to as "Châteauneuf du Pape" or "Châteauneuf Calcernier dit de Pape", because of the connection with Pope John XXII, but it was not until 1893 that the official name was changed from "Châteauneuf Calcernier" to "Châteauneuf - du - Pape". </P> <P> The earliest settlement is believed to have been near the Chapel Saint - Théodoric, to the east of the current village center . This Romanesque chapel was erected by the monks of the abbey of Saint - Théodoric in Avignon at the end of the 10th or the beginning of the 11th century and is the oldest building in the commune . Although the village lay within the Comtat Venaissin, it was one of the fiefs of the bishop of Avignon and thus had a special status . The bishop of Avignon also held the fiefs of Gigognan and Bédarrides . </P>

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