<Tr> <Th> Deaths </Th> <Td> 406,000 from nutritional deficiencies (2015) </Td> </Tr> <P> Malnutrition is a condition that results from eating a diet in which one or more nutrients are either not enough or are too much such that the diet causes health problems . It may involve calories, protein, carbohydrates, vitamins or minerals . Not enough nutrients is called undernutrition or undernourishment while too much is called overnutrition . Malnutrition is often used to specifically refer to undernutrition where an individual is not getting enough calories, protein, or micronutrients . If undernutrition occurs during pregnancy, or before two years of age, it may result in permanent problems with physical and mental development . Extreme undernourishment, known as starvation, may have symptoms that include: a short height, thin body, very poor energy levels, and swollen legs and abdomen . People also often get infections and are frequently cold . The symptoms of micronutrient deficiencies depend on the micronutrient that is lacking . </P> <P> Undernourishment is most often due to not enough high - quality food being available to eat . This is often related to high food prices and poverty . A lack of breastfeeding may contribute, as may a number of infectious diseases such as: gastroenteritis, pneumonia, malaria, and measles, which increase nutrient requirements . There are two main types of undernutrition: protein - energy malnutrition and dietary deficiencies . Protein - energy malnutrition has two severe forms: marasmus (a lack of protein and calories) and kwashiorkor (a lack of just protein). Common micronutrient deficiencies include: a lack of iron, iodine, and vitamin A. During pregnancy, due to the body's increased need, deficiencies may become more common . In some developing countries, overnutrition in the form of obesity is beginning to present within the same communities as undernutrition . Other causes of malnutrition include anorexia nervosa and bariatric surgery . </P> <P> Efforts to improve nutrition are some of the most effective forms of development aid . Breastfeeding can reduce rates of malnutrition and death in children, and efforts to promote the practice increase the rates of breastfeeding . In young children, providing food (in addition to breastmilk) between six months and two years of age improves outcomes . There is also good evidence supporting the supplementation of a number of micronutrients to women during pregnancy and among young children in the developing world . To get food to people who need it most, both delivering food and providing money so people can buy food within local markets are effective . Simply feeding students at school is insufficient . Management of severe malnutrition within the person's home with ready - to - use therapeutic foods is possible much of the time . In those who have severe malnutrition complicated by other health problems, treatment in a hospital setting is recommended . This often involves managing low blood sugar and body temperature, addressing dehydration, and gradual feeding . Routine antibiotics are usually recommended due to the high risk of infection . Longer - term measures include: improving agricultural practices, reducing poverty, improving sanitation, and the empowerment of women . </P>

Which can be considered the real reasons for malnutrition
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