<P> The Lutheran Reformers spoke of active righteousness in two ways . </P> <P> First, they often spoke of active righteousness as something believers and unbelievers have in common . Not only Christians, but also Muslims, Jews, Buddhists, and Atheists are capable of being faithful spouses, loving parents, and hard - working employees . Christians and non-Christians perform many of the same external civil works . They often share a common understanding of Ethics . Thus, Melanchthon can praise Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics as being the best work on civil righteousness ever written . </P> <P> However, the Reformers also spoke of active righteousness in reference to the new obedience of Christians alone . Thus, the Formula states: "It is correct to say that in this life believers who have become righteous through faith in Christ have first of all the righteousness of faith that is reckoned to them and then thereafter the righteousness of new obedience or good works that are begun in them . But these two kinds of righteousness dare not be mixed with each other ." Also, Luther defines active righteousness in his 1518 sermon as the "product of the righteousness of the first type, actually its fruit and consequence ." </P> <P> Because of this, some Lutheran theologians (such as Dr. Joel Biermann) have recommended speaking of a third kind of righteousness--the active righteousness of a Christian resulting from the work of the Spirit . </P>

What two kinds of laws does king believe exist