<P> Property insurance provides protection against most risks to property, such as fire, theft and some weather damage . This includes specialized forms of insurance such as fire insurance, flood insurance, earthquake insurance, home insurance, or boiler insurance . Property is insured in two main ways--open perils and named perils . </P> <P> Open perils cover all the causes of loss not specifically excluded in the policy . Common exclusions on open peril policies include damage resulting from earthquakes, floods, nuclear incidents, acts of terrorism, and war . Named perils require the actual cause of loss to be listed in the policy for insurance to be provided . The more common named perils include such damage - causing events as fire, lightning, explosion, and theft . </P> <P> Property insurance can be traced to the Great Fire of London, which in 1666 devoured more than 13,000 houses . The devastating effects of the fire converted the development of insurance "from a matter of convenience into one of urgency, a change of opinion reflected in Sir Christopher Wren's inclusion of a site for' the Insurance Office' in his new plan for London in 1667". A number of attempted fire insurance schemes came to nothing, but in 1681, economist Nicholas Barbon and eleven associates established the first fire insurance company, the "Insurance Office for Houses", at the back of the Royal Exchange to insure brick and frame homes . Initially, 5,000 homes were insured by Barbon's Insurance Office . </P>

The standard fire policy is a named perils contract which means