<P> Historian Arthur Marwick saw a radical transformation of British society, a deluge that swept away many old attitudes and brought in a more equalitarian society . He also saw the famous literary pessimism of the 1920s as misplaced, for there were major positive long - term consequences of the war . He pointed to new job opportunities and self - consciousness among workers that quickly built up the Labour Party, to the coming of partial woman suffrage, and to an acceleration of social reform and state control of the British economy . He found a decline of deference toward the aristocracy and established authority in general, and a weakening among youth of traditional restraints on individual moral behavior . Marwick concluded that class differentials softened, national cohesion increased, and British society became more equal . </P> <P> Scotland played a major role in the British effort in the First World War . It especially provided manpower, ships, machinery, food (particularly fish) and money, engaging with the conflict with some enthusiasm . With a population of 4.8 million in 1911, Scotland sent 690,000 men to the war, of whom 74,000 died in combat or from disease, and 150,000 were seriously wounded . Scottish urban centres, with their poverty and unemployment were favourite recruiting grounds of the regular British army, and Dundee, where the female dominated jute industry limited male employment had one of the highest proportion of reservists and serving soldiers than almost any other British city . Concern for their families' standard of living made men hesitate to enlist; voluntary enlistment rates went up after the government guaranteed a weekly stipend for life to the survivors of men who were killed or disabled . After the introduction of conscription from January 1916 every part of the country was affected . Occasionally Scottish troops made up large proportions of the active combatants, and suffered corresponding loses, as at the Battle of Loos, where there were three full Scots divisions and other Scottish units . Thus, although Scots were only 10 per cent of the British population, they made up 15 per cent of the national armed forces and eventually accounted for 20 per cent of the dead . Some areas, like the thinly populated Island of Lewis and Harris suffered some of the highest proportional losses of any part of Britain . Clydeside shipyards and the nearby engineering shops were the major centers of war industry in Scotland . In Glasgow, radical agitation led to industrial and political unrest that continued after the war ended . </P> <P> In Glasgow, the heavy demand for munitions and warships strengthened union power . There emerged a radical movement called "Red Clydeside" led by militant trades unionists . Formerly a Liberal Party stronghold, the industrial districts switched to Labour by 1922, with a base among the Irish Catholic working class districts . Women were especially active solidarity on housing issues . However, the "Reds" operated within the Labour Party and had little influence in Parliament; the mood changed to passive despair by the late 1920s . </P> <P> David Lloyd George became prime minister in December 1916 and immediately transformed the British war effort, taking firm control of both military and domestic policy . </P>

Which of the following describes wartime pressures on the homefront during the war