<P> Chemiosmotic coupling is important for ATP production in mitochondria, chloroplasts and many bacteria and archaea . </P> <P> The movement of ions across the membrane depends on a combination of two factors: </P> <Ol> <Li> Diffusion force caused by a concentration gradient - all particles tend to diffuse from higher concentration to lower . </Li> <Li> Electrostatic force caused by electrical potential gradient - cations like protons H tend to diffuse down the electrical potential, from the positive (P) side of the membrane to the negative (N) side . Anions diffuse spontaneously in the opposite direction . </Li> </Ol> <Li> Diffusion force caused by a concentration gradient - all particles tend to diffuse from higher concentration to lower . </Li>

What is the chemiosmotic production of atp during electron transport