<P> At the time of the partition in 1947, Pakistan had a population of 32.5 million; the population increased by ~ 57.2% between the years 1990 and 2009 . By 2030 Pakistan is expected to surpass Indonesia as the largest Muslim - majority country in the world . Pakistan is classified as a "young nation", with a median age of 23.4 in 2016; about 104 million people were under the age of 30 in 2010 . In 2016 Pakistan's fertility rate was estimated to be 2.68, higher than its neighbour India (2.45). Around 35% of the people are under 15 . The vast majority of those residing in southern Pakistan live along the Indus River, with Karachi being the most populous commercial city in the south . In eastern, western, and northern Pakistan, most of the population lives in an arc formed by the cities of Lahore, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Sargodha, Islamabad, Gujranwala, Sialkot, Gujrat, Jhelum, Sheikhupura, Nowshera, Mardan, and Peshawar . During 1990--2008, city dwellers made up 36% of Pakistan's population, making it the most urbanised nation in South Asia, which increased to 38% by 2013 . Furthermore, 50% of Pakistanis live in towns of 5,000 people or more . </P> <P> Expenditure on healthcare was ~ 2.8% of GDP in 2013 . Life expectancy at birth was 67 years for females and 65 years for males in 2013 . The private sector accounts for about 80% of outpatient visits . Approximately 19% of the population and 30% of children under five are malnourished . Mortality of the under - fives was 86 per 1,000 live births in 2012 . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan="5"> First languages of Pakistan </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> Punjabi </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> 48% </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> Sindhi </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> 12% </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> Saraiki </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> 10% </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> Pashto </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> 8% </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> Urdu </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> 8% </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> Balochi </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> 3% </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> Others </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> 11% </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan="5"> First languages of Pakistan </Th> </Tr>

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