<Li> List of English words of Arabic origin: Addenda for certain specialist vocabularies </Li> <P> The following plant names entered medieval Latin texts from Arabic . Today, in descent from the medieval Latin, they are international systematic classification names (commonly known as "Latin" names): Azadirachta, Berberis, Cakile, Carthamus, Cuscuta, Doronicum, Galanga, Musa, Nuphar, Ribes, Senna, Taraxacum, Usnea, Physalis alkekengi, Melia azedarach, Centaurea behen, Terminalia bellerica, Terminalia chebula, Cheiranthus cheiri, Piper cubeba, Phyllanthus emblica, Peganum harmala, Salsola kali, Prunus mahaleb, Datura metel, Daphne mezereum, Rheum ribes, Jasminum sambac, Cordia sebestena, Operculina turpethum, Curcuma zedoaria, Alpinia zerumbet + Zingiber zerumbet . (List incomplete .) </P> <P> Over ninety percent of those botanical names were introduced to medieval Latin in a herbal medicine context . They include names of medicinal plants from Tropical Asia for which there had been no prior Latin or Greek name, such as azedarach, bellerica, cubeba, emblica, galanga, metel, turpethum, zedoaria and zerumbet . Another sizeable portion are ultimately Iranian names of medicinal plants of Iran . The Arabic - to - Latin translation of Ibn Sina's The Canon of Medicine helped establish many Arabic plant names in later medieval Latin . A book about medicating agents by Serapion the Younger containing hundreds of Arabic botanical names circulated in Latin among apothecaries in the 14th and 15th centuries . Medieval Arabic botany was primarily concerned with the use of plants for medicines . In a modern etymology analysis of one medieval Arabic list of medicines, the names of the medicines--primarily plant names--were assessed to be 31% ancient Mesopotamian names, 23% Greek names, 18% Persian, 13% Indian (often via Persian), 5% uniquely Arabic, and 3% Egyptian, with the remaining 7% of unassessable origin . </P> <P> The Italian botanist Prospero Alpini stayed in Egypt for several years in the 1580s . He introduced to Latin botany from Arabic from Egypt the names Abrus, Abelmoschus, Lablab, Melochia, each of which designated plants that were unknown to Western European botanists before Alpini, plants native to tropical Asia that were grown with artificial irrigation in Egypt at the time . </P>

The name islam can be translated into the english word