<P> To get a warrant police must present a judge with an ITO (information to obtain) form that contains reasonable and probable grounds to believe that an offence has been or is being committed, and that the authorization sought will afford evidence of that offence . This hearing is' ex parte' meaning only the crown is present . This fact obliges the police to include any known facts that hurt their application . </P> <P> After a search the occupants have a copy of the warrant and may get hold of the ITO through crown disclosure if the occupant (s) are charged . There are numerous different warrant procedures in the Criminal Code, some have specific requirements such as being served during daytime or having a named supervising officer present in the case of a home search . If these (see link) requirements are not met by the police the evidence found may become admissible against the accused at trial . </P> <P> Under the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution, most police searches require a search warrant based on probable cause, although there are exceptions . In the absence of valid consent or an exception to the warrant requirement, whether for purposes of effecting a search or an arrest, police entry in an individual's home always requires a warrant . The probable cause standard for obtaining a search warrant is lower than the quantum of proof required for a later conviction, proof beyond a reasonable doubt . </P> <P> Under the Fourth Amendment, search warrants must be reasonable and specific . This means that a search warrant must reasonably identify the items to be searched for and the place where law enforcement officials are authorized to search for those items . Unless an exception to the warrant requirement applies, the search of other buildings or areas of a building, persons or vehicles, or the search for additional items that do not reasonably fall under the original warrant, will normally require additional search warrants . </P>

In what kinds of situations may a search be conducted without a warrant