<P> In 1880, Dr. Henry Faulds wrote to Charles Darwin, explaining a system for classifying fingerprints, asking for his assistance in their development . Darwin was unable to assist Dr. Faulds, but agreed to forward the letter to his cousin, Sir Francis Galton . Dr. Henry Faulds and Sir Francis Galton did not engage in much correspondence, but in the following decade, they devised very similar fingerprint classification systems . It is unclear whom to credit for the classification system . However, we do know that Dr. Henry Faulds was the first European to publish the notion of scientific use of fingerprints in the identification of criminals . In 1892, Sir Francis Galton published his highly influential book, Finger Prints in which he described his classification system that include three main fingerprint patterns - loops, whorls and arches . </P> <P> At the time, the alternative to fingerprints was Bertillonage, also known as Anthropometry . Developed by Alphonse Bertillon in 1879, Bertillonage consists of a meticulous method of measuring body parts for the use of identifying criminals . In 1892, the British Indian police force adopted Anthropometry . Two years later, Sir Edward Henry, Inspector General of the Bengal Police in India became interested in the use of fingerprints for the use of criminal identification . </P> <P> Influenced by Galton's Finger Prints, the men corresponded regularly in 1894; and in January 1896, Sir Henry ordered the Bengali Police to collect prisoners' fingerprints in addition to their anthropometric measurements . Expanding on Galton's classification system, Sir Henry developed the Henry Classification System between the years 1896 and 1925 . He was primarily assisted by Azizul Haque who developed a mathematical formula to supplement Henry's idea of sorting in 1024 pigeon holes based on fingerprint patterns, and Hem Chandra Bose, another Henry's assistant also helped refine the system, and both, on the recommendation of Henry received recognition years later by the British Government for their contribution . The Henry Classification System was to find worldwide acceptance in 1899 . In 1897 a commission was established to compare Anthropometry to the Henry Classification System . As the results were overwhelmingly in favor of fingerprints, fingerprinting was introduced to British India by the Governor General, and in 1900, replaced Anthropometry . Also in 1900, Henry was sent to Natal, South Africa to assist in the reorganization of the local police force and establish a fingerprint bureau . His efforts in South Africa were highly successful; and in 1901 Sir Henry returned to Britain and was appointed Assistant Commissioner of Scotland Yard, head of the Criminal Investigation Department (CID). In the same year, the first UK fingerprint bureau was established at Scotland Yard . (Harling 1996) (Met) (Early) </P> <P> The Henry Classification System allows for logical categorization of ten - print fingerprint records into primary groupings based on fingerprint pattern types . This system reduces the effort necessary to search large numbers of fingerprint records by classifying fingerprint records according to gross physiological characteristics . Subsequent searches (manual or automated) utilizing granular characteristics such as minutiae are greatly simplified . The Henry Classification System is a method to classify fingerprints and exclude potential candidates . This system should NEVER be used for individualization . </P>

When did fingerprint technology first get adopted by scotland yard