<Li> Pāṇini Darśana, the grammarian school (which clarifies the theory of Sphoṭa) </Li> <P> The nāstika or heterodox schools are associated with the non-vedic Śramaṇic traditions that existed in India since before the 6th century BCE . The Śramaṇa movement gave rise to diverse range of non-vedic ideas, ranging from accepting or denying the concepts of atman, atomism, materialism, atheism, agnosticism, fatalism to free will, extreme asceticism, strict ahimsa (non-violence) and vegetarianism . Notable philosophies that arose from Śramaṇic movement were Jainism, early Buddhism, Cārvāka, Ajñana and Ājīvika . </P> <P> Jain philosophy deals extensively with the problems of metaphysics, reality, cosmology, ontology, epistemology and divinity . Jainism is essentially a transtheistic religion of ancient India . It continues the ancient Śramaṇa tradition, which co-existed with the Vedic tradition since ancient times . The distinguishing features of Jain philosophy includes a mind - body dualism, denial of a creative and omnipotent God, karma, an eternal and uncreated universe, non-violence, the theory of the multiple facets of truth, and a morality based on liberation of the soul . Jain philosophy attempts to explain the rationale of being and existence, the nature of the Universe and its constituents, the nature of bondage and the means to achieve liberation . It has often been described as an ascetic movement for its strong emphasis on self - control, austerities and renunciation . It has also been called a model of philosophical liberalism for its insistence that truth is relative and multifaceted and for its willingness to accommodate all possible view - points of the rival philosophies . Jainism strongly upholds the individualistic nature of soul and personal responsibility for one's decisions; and that self - reliance and individual efforts alone are responsible for one's liberation . </P> <P> The contribution of the Jains in the development of Indian philosophy has been significant . Jain philosophical concepts like Ahimsa, Karma, Moksa, Samsara and the like are common with other Indian religions like Hinduism and Buddhism in various forms . While Jainism traces its philosophy from teachings of Mahavira and other Tirthankaras, various Jain philosophers from Kundakunda and Umasvati in ancient times to Yasovijaya in recent times have contributed to Indian philosophical discourse in uniquely Jain ways . </P>

What is true of the religious and philosophical traditions that developed in eurasia