<P> In its decision in the Patriation Reference (1981), the Supreme Court of Canada had ruled there was a tradition that some provincial approval should be sought for constitutional reform . As the provinces still had doubts about the Charter's merits, Trudeau was forced to accept the notwithstanding clause to allow governments to opt out of certain obligations . The notwithstanding clause was accepted as part of a deal called the Kitchen Accord, negotiated by the federal Attorney General Jean Chrétien, Ontario's justice minister Roy McMurtry and Saskatchewan's justice minister Roy Romanow . Pressure from provincial governments (which in Canada have jurisdiction over property) and from the country's left wing, especially the New Democratic Party, also prevented Trudeau from including any rights protecting private property . </P> <P> Nevertheless, Quebec did not support the Charter (or the Canada Act 1982), with "conflicting interpretations" as to why . The opposition could have owed to the Parti Québécois leadership being allegedly uncooperative, because it was more committed to gaining sovereignty for Quebec . It could have owed to Quebec leaders being excluded from the negotiation of the Kitchen Accord, which they saw as being too centralist . It could have owed to provincial leaders' objections to the Accord's provisions relating to the process of future constitutional amendment . They also opposed the inclusion of mobility rights and minority language education rights . The Charter is still applicable in Quebec because all provinces are bound by the Constitution . However, Quebec's opposition to the 1982 patriation package has led to two failed attempts to amend the Constitution (the Meech Lake Accord and Charlottetown Accord) which were designed primarily to obtain Quebec's political approval of the Canadian constitutional order . </P> <P> While the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms was adopted in 1982, it was not until 1985 that the main provisions regarding equality rights (section 15) came into effect . The delay was meant to give the federal and provincial governments an opportunity to review pre-existing statutes and strike potentially unconstitutional inequalities . </P> <P> The typography of the physical document pictured here, and still distributed today, was typeset by Ottawa's David Berman intentionally in Carl Dair's Cartier typeface: at the time the most prominent Canadian typeface, having been commissioned by the Governor - General as a celebration of Canada's centenary in 1967 . </P>

When did the charter of rights and freedoms come into effect
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