<P> While a parliament is prorogued, between two legislative sessions, the legislature is still constituted--i.e. no general election takes place and all Members of Parliament thus retain their seats . In many legislatures, prorogation causes all orders of the body--bills, motions, etc.--to be expunged . Prorogations should thus not be confused with recesses, adjournments, or holiday breaks from legislation, after which bills can resume exactly where they left off . In the United Kingdom, however, the practice of terminating all bills upon prorogation has slightly altered; public bills may be re-introduced in the next legislative session, and fast - tracked directly to the stage they reached in the prorogued legislative session . </P> <P> This break takes place so as to prevent the upper house from sitting during an election campaign and to purge all upper chamber business before the start of the next legislative session . It is not uncommon for a session of parliament to be put into recess during holidays and then resumed a few weeks later exactly where it left off . Governments today end sessions whenever it is most convenient, and often, a new session will begin on the same day that the previous session ended . In most cases, when parliament reconvenes for a new legislative session, the head of state, or a representative thereof, will address the legislature in an opening ceremony . </P> <P> In both parliamentary and presidential systems, sessions are referred to by the name of the body and an ordinal number--for example, the 2nd Session of the 39th Canadian Parliament or the 1st Session of the 109th United States Congress . </P> <P> In Commonwealth realms, legislative sessions can last from a few weeks to over a year; between general elections, there are usually anywhere from one to six sessions of parliament before a dissolution by either the Crown - in - Council or the expiry of a legally mandated term limit . Each session begins with a speech from the throne, read to the members of both legislative chambers either by the reigning sovereign or a viceroy or other representative . Houses of parliament in some realms will, following this address, introduce a pro forma bill as a symbol of the right of parliament to give priority to matters other than the monarch and his or her words (always written by the cabinet of the day). </P>

Who among the following issues a notification for prorogation of legislative session