<P> Republicans believe in federalism, with limitations on federal authorities and a larger role for states . As such, they often take a less expansive reading of congressional power under the Commerce Clause . </P> <P> Historically, progressive leaders in the Republican party supported environmental protection . Republican President Theodore Roosevelt was a prominent conservationist whose policies eventually led to the creation of the National Park Service . While Republican President Richard Nixon was not an environmentalist, he signed legislation to create the Environmental Protection Agency in 1970 and had a comprehensive environmental program . However, this position has changed since the 1980s and the administration of President Ronald Reagan, who labeled environmental regulations a burden on the economy . Since then Republicans have increasingly taken positions against environmental regulation . </P> <P> Since the 1990s, a significant part of the US conservative movement has worked to challenge climate science and climate policy . While the scientific consensus for human activity created climate - warming is around 97%, according to a Pew Research survey, 44% of American adults in the general public acknowledged human activity as the cause of climate change, and 23% of Republicans . Republican views on global warming and scientific consensus on climate change show a similar trend, and few Republican lawmakers support climate policy that builds on international consensus . </P> <P> In 2006, then California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger broke from Republican orthodoxy to sign several bills imposing caps on carbon emissions in California . George W. Bush, then U.S. President, opposed mandatory caps at a national level . Bush's decision not to regulate carbon dioxide as a pollutant was challenged in the supreme court by 12 states, with the court ruling against the Bush administration in 2007 . Bush also publicly opposed ratification of the Kyoto Protocols which sought to limit greenhouse gas emissions and thereby combat climate change, a decision heavily criticized by climate scientists . </P>

All the following were part of the republican party's economic program except