<P> Polio vaccines are vaccines used to prevent poliomyelitis (polio). Two types are used: an inactivated poliovirus given by injection (IPV) and a weakened poliovirus given by mouth (OPV). The World Health Organization recommends all children be fully vaccinated against polio . The two vaccines have eliminated polio from most of the world, and reduced the number of cases reported each year from an estimated 350,000 in 1988 to 22 in 2017 . </P> <P> The inactivated polio vaccines are very safe . Mild redness or pain may occur at the site of injection . Oral polio vaccines cause about three cases of vaccine - associated paralytic poliomyelitis per million doses given . This compares with 5,000 cases per million who are paralysed following a polio infection . Both are generally safe to give during pregnancy and in those who have HIV / AIDS but are otherwise well . </P> <P> The first polio vaccine was the inactivated polio vaccine . It was developed by Jonas Salk and came into use in 1955 . The oral polio vaccine was developed by Albert Sabin and came into commercial use in 1961 . They are on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system . The wholesale cost in the developing world is about US $0.25 per dose for the oral form as of 2014 . In the United States, it costs between $25 and $50 for the inactivated form . </P> <P> Interruption of person - to - person transmission of the virus by vaccination is important in the global polio eradication, since no long - term carrier state exists for poliovirus in individuals with normal immune function, polio viruses have no nonprimate reservoir in nature, and survival of the virus in the environment for an extended period of time appears to be remote . </P>

When did they start giving the polio vaccine
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