<P> During John McDouall Stuart's 1862 expedition to the north coast of Australia he discovered 200,000 km2 of grazing territory to the west of Lake Torrens and Lake Eyre . Stuart succeeded in traversing Central Australia from south to north . His expedition mapped out the route which was later followed by the Australian Overland Telegraph Line . South Australia was made responsible for the administration of the Northern Territory, which was previously part of New South Wales . </P> <P> In the 1890s Australia was affected by a severe economic depression . Financial institutions in Melbourne and banks in Sydney closed . The national fertility rate fell and immigration was reduced to a trickle . The value of South Australia's exports nearly halved . Drought and poor harvests from 1884 compounded the problems with some families leaving for Western Australia . Adelaide was not as badly hit as the larger gold - rush cities of Sydney and Melbourne, and silver and lead discoveries at Broken Hill provided some relief . </P> <P> South Australia became a self - governing colony in 1856 with the ratification of a new constitution by the British parliament . A bicameral parliament was elected on 9 March 1857, by which time 109,917 people lived in the province . </P> <P> South Australia's 1856 constitution was among the most democratic in the world--more so than the other Australian colonies, the United Kingdom and most European countries at that time . It provided for: Adult male suffrage (including indigenous men); Secret ballot voting; one man, one vote; no property qualifications for Members of its House of Assembly and a relatively low property qualification for Members of its Legislative Council . </P>

Where was south australia proclaimed as a self governing colony
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