<P> In their 2010 recommendations, WSAVA (World Small Animal Veterinary Association) emphasized the importance of administering non-adjuvanted vaccines whenever possible, as vaccines that included these immune - stimulating agents were shown to increase adverse vaccine reactions in pets . </P> <P> WSAVA also prefers serological testing over unnecessary boosters or re-vaccination doses of core vaccines after the initial 12 - month booster that follows the puppy series of modified live virus (MLV) vaccines . This is because core vaccines show an excellent correlation between the presence of antibody and protective immunity to a disease, and have a long DOI (Duration of Immunity). Antibody tests can be used to demonstrate the DOI after vaccination with core vaccines, though not for non-core vaccines (such as parainfluenza). </P> <P> Most vaccines are given by subcutaneous (under the skin) or intramuscular (into the muscle) injection . Respiratory tract disease vaccination may be given intra-nasally (in the nose) in some cases . </P> <P> Many recent protocols indicate that vaccines should be given in specific areas in order to: ease identification of which vaccine caused an adverse reaction, and ease removal of any vaccine - associated sarcoma . Although these protocols were initially designed for cats, some similar protocols are likely to be developed for canines, as well . </P>

Where do dogs get shots on their body