<P> Antibody therapy is also used to treat viral infections . In 1945, hepatitis A infections, epidemic in summer camps, were successfully prevented by immunoglobulin treatment . Similarly, hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) effectively prevents hepatitis B infection . Antibody prophylaxis of both hepatitis A and B has largely been supplanted by the introduction of vaccines; however, it is still indicated following exposure and prior to travel to areas of endemic infection . </P> <P> In 1953, human vaccinia immunoglobulin (VIG) was used to prevent the spread of smallpox during an outbreak in Madras, India, and continues to be used to treat complications arising from smallpox vaccination . Although the prevention of measles is typically induced through vaccination, it is often treated immuno - prophylactically upon exposure . Prevention of rabies infection still requires the use of both vaccine and immunoglobulin treatments . </P> <P> During a 1995 Ebola virus outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo, whole blood from recovering patients, and containing anti-Ebola antibodies, was used to treat eight patients, as there was no effective means of prevention, though a treatment was discovered recently in the 2013 Ebola epidemic in Africa . Only one of the eight infected patients died, compared to a typical 80% Ebola mortality, which suggested that antibody treatment may contribute to survival . Immune globulin or immunoglobulin has been used to both prevent and treat reactivation of the herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella zoster virus, Epstein - Barr virus (EBV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV). </P> <P> The following immunoglobulins are the immunoglubulins currently approved for use for infectious disease prophylaxis and immunotherapy, in the United States . </P>

What are the examples of active and passive immunity