<P> Mass transfer is the net movement of mass from one location, usually meaning stream, phase, fraction or component, to another . Mass transfer occurs in many processes, such as absorption, evaporation, drying, precipitation, membrane filtration, and distillation . Mass transfer is used by different scientific disciplines for different processes and mechanisms . The phrase is commonly used in engineering for physical processes that involve diffusive and convective transport of chemical species within physical systems . </P> <P> Some common examples of mass transfer processes are the evaporation of water from a pond to the atmosphere, the purification of blood in the kidneys and liver, and the distillation of alcohol . In industrial processes, mass transfer operations include separation of chemical components in distillation columns, absorbers such as scrubbers or stripping, adsorbers such as activated carbon beds, and liquid - liquid extraction . Mass transfer is often coupled to additional transport processes, for instance in industrial cooling towers . These towers couple heat transfer to mass transfer by allowing hot water to flow in contact with air . The water is cooled by expelling some of its content in the form of water vapor . </P> <P> In astrophysics, mass transfer is the process by which matter gravitationally bound to a body, usually a star, fills its Roche lobe and becomes gravitationally bound to a second body, usually a compact object (white dwarf, neutron star or black hole), and is eventually accreted onto it . It is a common phenomenon in binary systems, and may play an important role in some types of supernovae and pulsars . </P> <P> Mass transfer finds extensive application in chemical engineering problems . It is used in reaction engineering, separations engineering, heat transfer engineering, and many other sub-disciplines of chemical engineering . </P>

Who described the method of mass transfer in binary systems
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