<P> The Theory and Practice of Oligarchical Collectivism, credited to the character Emmanuel Goldstein, is the fictional book that is used as a thematic and plot element in Part 2, Chapter 9 of the dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty - Four (1949), by George Orwell . According to Orwell's plot, in the totalitarian society of Oceania--ruled by the seemingly omnipotent, omniscient Party--Emmanuel Goldstein (in the Party's propaganda) is the principal enemy of the state: a former member of the Inner Party continually conspiring against the leadership of Big Brother . Early in the story, the protagonist thinks to himself: "There were...whispered stories of a terrible book, a compendium of all the heresies, of which Goldstein was the author and which circulated clandestinely here and there . It was a book without a title . People referred to it, if at all, simply as The Book". </P> <P> The protagonist, Winston Smith, secretly hates the Party and Big Brother . Eventually, he approaches O'Brien, a high - level member of the Inner Party, believing him part of the Brotherhood, Goldstein's conspiracy against Oceania, Big Brother, and the Party . Initially, he appears as such, especially in arranging for Winston to receive a copy of Goldstein's illegal book . O'Brien says it reveals the true, totalitarian nature of the society the Party established in Oceania, and that Full membership to the Brotherhood requires reading it . </P>

Who wrote the theory and practice of oligarchical collectivism