<P> The term comes from the Greek ἀ - a - </P> <P> There are several types of apraxia including: </P> <Ul> <Li> Ideomotor apraxia: These patients have deficits in their ability to plan or complete motor actions that rely on semantic memory . They are able to explain how to perform an action, but unable to "imagine" or act out a movement such as "pretend to brush your teeth" or "pucker as though you bit into a sour lemon ." However, when the ability to perform an action automatically when cued remains intact, this is known as automatic - voluntary dissociation . For example, they may not be able to pick up a phone when asked to do so, but can perform the action without thinking when the phone rings . </Li> <Li> Ideational / conceptual apraxia: Patients have an inability to conceptualize a task and impaired ability to complete multistep actions . Consists of an inability to select and carry out an appropriate motor program . For example, the patient may complete actions in incorrect orders, such as buttering bread before putting it in the toaster, or putting on shoes before putting on socks . There is also a loss of ability to voluntarily perform a learned task when given the necessary objects or tools . For instance, if given a screwdriver, the patient may try to write with it as if it were a pen, or try to comb his hair with a toothbrush . </Li> <Li> Buccofacial or orofacial apraxia: Non-verbal oral or buccofacial ideomotor apraxia describes difficulty carrying out movements of the face on demand . For example, an inability to lick one's lips or whistle when requested suggests an inability to carry out volitional movements of the tongue, cheeks, lips, pharynx, or larynx on command . </Li> <Li> Constructional apraxia: The inability to draw or construct simple configurations, such as intersecting shapes . </Li> <Li> Gait apraxia: The loss of ability to have normal function of the lower limbs such as walking . This is not due to loss of motor or sensory functions . </Li> <Li> Limb - kinetic apraxia: voluntary movements of extremities are impaired . For example, a person affected by limb apraxia may have difficulty waving hello . </Li> <Li> Oculomotor apraxia: Difficulty moving the eye, especially with saccade movements that direct the gaze to targets . This is one of the 3 major components of Balint's syndrome . </Li> <Li> Apraxia of speech (AOS): Difficulty planning and coordinating the movements necessary for speech (e.g. Potato = Totapo, Topato .) AOS can independently occur without issues in areas such as verbal comprehension, reading comprehension, writing, articulation or prosody . </Li> </Ul> <Li> Ideomotor apraxia: These patients have deficits in their ability to plan or complete motor actions that rely on semantic memory . They are able to explain how to perform an action, but unable to "imagine" or act out a movement such as "pretend to brush your teeth" or "pucker as though you bit into a sour lemon ." However, when the ability to perform an action automatically when cued remains intact, this is known as automatic - voluntary dissociation . For example, they may not be able to pick up a phone when asked to do so, but can perform the action without thinking when the phone rings . </Li>

What is the difference between ideomotor and ideational apraxia
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