<P> At the time of the birth of India and Pakistan in 1947, the outgoing Government of India's ICS was divided between India and Pakistan . Although these are now organised differently, the contemporary Civil Services of India, the Central Superior Services of Pakistan, Bangladesh Civil Service and Myanmar Civil Service are all descended from the old Indian Civil Service . </P> <P> Historians often rate the ICS, together with the railway system, the legal system, and the Indian Army, as among the most important legacies of British rule in India . </P> <P> From 1858, after the demise of the East India Company's rule in India, the British civil service took on its administrative responsibilities . The change in governance came about due to the Indian Rebellion of 1857, which came close to toppling British rule in the country . </P> <P> Up to 1853, the Directors of the British East India Company made appointments of covenanted civil servants by nominations . This nomination system was abolished in 1855 by the Parliament in England and it was decided that the induction would be through competitive examinations of all British subjects, without distinction of race . </P>

When was ics started in india and who started it
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