<Tr> <Td> Freedom of movement throughout the British Empire and right to own property and settle only in respective provinces </Td> <Td> Freedom of movement throughout India and right to own property and settle anywhere in India except Jammu & Kashmir . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Amendment in the Act is not possible unless made by the Parliament of the United Kingdom </Td> <Td> Amendment of many articles in the constitution can be made by two - thirds of majority in the Parliament . Some articles would need the assent of half of the state legislatures as well . </Td> </Tr> <Table> Indian federalism comparison with United States (USA) and European Union (EU) <Tr> <Th> USA </Th> <Th> EU </Th> <Th> India </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> A state cannot come out of the Union </Td> <Td> It is a loosely held federation of sovereign countries with monetary union only . A state can leave the union at any time </Td> <Td> Territorial integrity is not part of the basic structure of the constitution . Territory is ceded to Bangladesh under the 9th and 100th constitutional amendment acts . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Merging or splitting of a state not allowed except with the consent of the states affected and the Congress </Td> <Td> Merging or splitting of a country possible with the citizens consent of respective countries </Td> <Td> Constitution provides provision for merging with another state or splitting of a state into few states and such powers are vested with the Union government alone under Article 3 . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Head of the Union is directly elected by its citizens through popular electoral college . It is a presidential democracy </Td> <Td> No head of the Union created . </Td> <Td> Head of the Union (President of India) is indirectly elected whereas head of the Union government (Prime Minister) is usually a leader of the party with majority or largest party in the House of the People who is not directly elected by the people throughout the country and can be either directly elected by the citizens from a particular Lok Sabha constituency as a member of House of the People or can be indirectly elected as the member of Council of States . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Heads of the States are directly elected by their citizens . </Td> <Td> Heads of constituent units are directly or indirectly elected </Td> <Td> Head of the States (Governors) are appointed by the President with the advice of Union government whereas Heads of the State governments (Chief Ministers) are usually leaders of the party with majority or largest party in the State legislative assemblies who are not directly elected by the people throughout the state and can be either directly elected by the citizens from a particular Vidhan Sabha constituency or can be indirectly elected as the member of State legislative councils . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Free movement of labour and goods permitted across the states </Td> <Td> The main purpose of the Union is for the free movement of labour and goods across the states </Td> <Td> Free movement of labour and goods permitted across the states per Articles 301 and 303 . Interstate Migrant Workmen Act 1979 protects the interests of migrant workmen . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> A single currency, single foreign policy and common armed forces under the control of union government </Td> <Td> A single currency, individual foreign policy and individual armed forces </Td> <Td> A single currency, single foreign policy and common armed forces under the control of Union government . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Every state has constitutional rights to impose taxes and raise debt . </Td> <Td> EU body has no power to raise taxes and works as a common central bank of all countries except for the United Kingdom </Td> <Td> Every state has constitutional rights to impose certain taxes and raise debt . Part of Union government revenue is devolved to the states for public purposes . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Predominantly, people speak one language and follow one religion under a secular constitution </Td> <Td> Multilingual people with predominantly following one religion under secular constitutions </Td> <Td> Multilingual people following multiple religions under a secular constitution . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Highly developed democratic country </Td> <Td> Highly developed democratic countries </Td> <Td> Developing and largest democratic country with one sixth of the world population . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Highly efficient executive and dedicated lawmakers . </Td> <Td> Highly efficient executive and dedicated lawmakers . </Td> <Td> The effectiveness of executive and lawmakers hampered by inefficient functioning and corruption . Uneasy relationship of the executive with judiciary with attempts to bring latter under its control . Instances of attempts by Central Government to try to topple opposition - ruled states by unconstitutional means . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Natur of Indian union and the position of state </Td> <Td> High standard and prompt justice delivery set up . </Td> <Td> Substandard and delayed justice delivery set up in a constitutional democracy . Judges of Supreme Court or High Courts do not give any reasons for not taking up a case for proceedings and many important cases which needs constitutional interpretation keep on pending for many years under the pressure of executive . Highest Judiciary does not take any responsibility morally and sometimes issue name sake written apologies in their judgements . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Th> USA </Th> <Th> EU </Th> <Th> India </Th> </Tr>

Discuss the working of the federal system in india