<P> The International Court of Justice has jurisdiction in two types of cases: contentious issues between states in which the court produces binding rulings between states that agree, or have previously agreed, to submit to the ruling of the court; and advisory opinions, which provide reasoned, but non-binding, rulings on properly submitted questions of international law, usually at the request of the United Nations General Assembly . Advisory opinions do not have to concern particular controversies between states, though they often do . </P> <P> The key principle is that the Court only has jurisdiction on the basis of consent . The court has no true compulsory jurisdiction . Jurisdiction is often a key question for the Court, because it is challenged by the respondent . At the Preliminary Objections phase, a respondent may challenge (i) jurisdiction and / or (ii) admissibility of the case . Article 36 outlines four bases on which the Court's jurisdiction may be founded . </P>

What are the grounds for jurisdiction for the international court of justice
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