<P> Items are rated on a 5 - point scale ranging from 0 ("not at all") to 4 ("extremely"). The IES - R yields a total score (ranging from 0 to 88) and subscale scores can also be calculated for the Intrusion, Avoidance, and Hyperarousal subscales . The authors recommend using means instead of raw sums for each of these subscales scores to allow comparison with scores from the Symptom Checklist 90 - Revised (SCL - 90 - R; Derogatis, 1994). In general, the IES - R (and IES) is not used to diagnosis PTSD, however, cutoff scores for a preliminary diagnosis of PTSD have been cited in the literature . </P> <P> The scale is typically used to assess the severity of post traumatic stress syndrome . It has also been used to assess the presence and degree of trauma associated with miscarriage, induced abortion and other types of pregnancy loss . Post traumatic stress disorder can result in women who have experienced a miscarriage . </P> <P> An example question is: "Any reminders brought back feelings about it ." (Respondents rate their degree of distress during the past seven days .) </P>

Impact of event scale - revised (ies-r)