<P> The thermal or infrared images recorded by sensors called scanning radiometers enable a trained analyst to determine cloud heights and types, to calculate land and surface water temperatures, and to locate ocean surface features . Infrared satellite imagery can be used effectively for tropical cyclones with a visible eye pattern, using the Dvorak technique, where the difference between the temperature of the warm eye and the surrounding cold cloud tops can be used to determine its intensity (colder cloud tops generally indicate a more intense storm). Infrared pictures depict ocean eddies or vortices and map currents such as the Gulf Stream which are valuable to the shipping industry . Fishermen and farmers are interested in knowing land and water temperatures to protect their crops against frost or increase their catch from the sea . Even El Niño phenomena can be spotted . Using color - digitized techniques, the gray shaded thermal images can be converted to color for easier identification of desired information . </P> <P> Each meteorological satellite is designed to use one of two different classes of orbit: geostationary and polar orbiting . </P> <P> Geostationary weather satellites orbit the Earth above the equator at altitudes of 35,880 km (22,300 miles). Because of this orbit, they remain stationary with respect to the rotating Earth and thus can record or transmit images of the entire hemisphere below continuously with their visible - light and infrared sensors . The news media use the geostationary photos in their daily weather presentation as single images or made into movie loops . These are also available on the city forecast pages of www.noaa.gov (example Dallas, TX). </P> <P> Several geostationary meteorological spacecraft are in operation . The United States has five in operation; GOES - 12, GOES - 13, GOES - 15, GOES - 16 and GOES - 17 . GOES - 12, previously designated GOES - East and now used for South America, is located at 60 degrees west . GOES - 13 took over the role of GOES - East on April 14, 2010 and is located at 75 degrees west . GOES - 11 was GOES - West over the eastern Pacific Ocean until it was decommissioned December 2011 and replaced by GOES - 15 . GOES - 16 and - 17 remain stationary over the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, respectively . </P>

What are the images of satellites produced daily by the weather service used for
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