<P> Descriptive Psychology explicates the Person Concept as the fundamental structure of the behavioral sciences . The Person Concept is a single, coherent concept which involves the interrelated concepts of Individual Person, Behavior, Language and World . Descriptive Psychology establishes rules of construction, composition and relationship that articulate how these concepts are interconnected . </P> <P> The original impulse for the creation of DP was dissatisfaction with mainstream approaches to the science of psychology . Of particular importance was the perception that psychology had paid insufficient attention to the pre-empirical matters essential to good science, and especially to the creation of a foundational conceptual framework such as other sciences possessed . Later authors noted that this lack of a conceptual scaffolding was responsible for the fragmentation of psychology; i.e. for its lack of any unifying, broadly accepted "standard model ." </P> <P> A parallel example from another science may be helpful in understanding the nature of DP . Isaac Newton, before he could integrate a large number of empirical findings in his famous theory, had to attend to a number of pre-empirical matters . He had to import some existing mathematics and to create a whole new branch of mathematics, calculus . Further, and most relevant here, he required a new conceptual system--a set of systematically related concepts such as "force", "mass" and "acceleration"--before and in order to make the discriminations necessary to lodge any empirical claim . How could one observe or claim, for example, that a "force" was inversely proportional to the distance between two objects if one did not first have the concept of "force" (a concept which Newton himself formulated)? </P> <P> Newton's conceptual system was designed to permit the description of any fact (e.g., the orbit of the moon yesterday) or possible fact (e.g., the orbit of a newly discovered planet tomorrow) about the motions of large objects . In the same way, DP was created by Ossorio as a set of systematically related distinctions designed to enable one to describe any fact (e.g. Jack's behavior yesterday) or possible fact (e.g., Jill's behavior tomorrow) about persons and their behavior . As conceptual distinctions, its concepts are not true, false, verifiable, or falsifiable; but instead represent pre-empirical requirements for empirical questions to be posed and theories generated . They provide a means for describing, distinguishing and categorizing any fact or possible fact concerning persons and their behavior . Finally, DP is not a theory to be tested, but, like English grammar or arithmetic, a system to be used--here, in the conduct of psychological science and application . Criticism of the system would take the form, not of empirical disconfirmation, but of showing that DP's concepts were not apt, useful, and / or systematically related in a logical, rigorous fashion . </P>

What does singer mean by the sysyphus problem