<P> An allele (/ əˈliːl /) is a variant form of a given gene . Sometimes, different alleles can result in different observable phenotypic traits, such as different pigmentation . A notable example of this trait of color variation is Gregor Mendel's discovery that the white and purple flower colors in pea plants were the result of "pure line" traits which could be used as a control for future experiments . However, most genetic variations result in little or no observable variation . </P> <P> Most multicellular organisms have two sets of chromosomes; that is, they are diploid . These chromosomes are referred to as homologous chromosomes . If both alleles at a gene (or locus) on the homologous chromosomes are the same, they and the organism are homozygous with respect to that gene (or locus). If the alleles are different, they and the organism are heterozygous with respect to that gene . </P>

Multiple forms of a gene are referred to as