<P> Kun can mean different things depending on the gender . Kun for females is a more respectful honorific than chan, which implies childlike cuteness . Kun is not only used to address females formally; it can also be used for a very close friend or family member . Calling a female kun is not insulting, and can also mean that the person is respected, although that is not the normal implication . Rarely, sisters with the same name, such as "Miku", may be differentiated by calling one "Miku - chan" and the other "Miku - san" or "- sama", and on some occasions "- kun". Chan and kun occasionally mean similar things . General use of kun for females implies respectful endearment, and that the person being referred to is sweet and kind . </P> <P> In the National Diet (Legislature), the Speaker of the House uses kun when addressing Diet members and ministers . An exception was when Takako Doi was the Speaker of the lower house, where she used the title san . </P> <P> Chan (ちゃん) is a diminutive suffix; it expresses that the speaker finds a person endearing . It is seemingly said to have come from a "cute" pronouncing of - san (in Japanese, replacing s sounds with ch sounds is seen as cute), although there is no evidence otherwise as this suffix has been used since the early days of ancient Japan . In general, chan is used for babies, young children, close friends, grandparents and sometimes female adolescents . It may also be used towards cute animals, lovers, close friends, or a youthful woman . Using chan with a superior's name is considered to be condescending and rude . </P> <P> Although traditionally, honorifics are not applied to oneself, some people adopt the childlike affectation of referring to themselves in the third person using chan (childlike because it suggests that one has not learned to distinguish between names used for oneself and names used by others). For example, a young woman named Kanako might call herself Kanako - chan rather than using a first person pronoun . "Chan" is only used between people who have known each other for a long time or who are of the same gender . Otherwise, using this for someone, especially adults, only known for a short period of time, can be seen as offensive . </P>

Putting chan at the end of a name
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