<P> No evidence of his having been born in Canada was ever demonstrated by his Democratic opponents, although Arthur Hinman, an attorney who had investigated Chester A. Arthur's family history, raised the allegation as an objection during his vice-presidential campaign and, after the end of his presidency, published a book on the subject . </P> <P> Christopher Schürmann (born in New York City) entered the Labor primaries during the 1896 presidential election . His eligibility was questioned in a New York Tribune article, because he was born to parents of German nationality . It was stated that "various Attorney - Generals (sic) of the United States have expressed the opinion that a child born in this country of alien parents, who have not been naturalized, is, by the fact of birth, a native - born citizen entitled to all rights and privileges as such ." But due to a lack of any statute on the subject, Schürmann's eligibility was "at best an open question, and one which should have made (his) nomination under any circumstances an impossibility", because questions concerning his eligibility could have been raised after the election . </P> <P> The eligibility of Charles Evans Hughes was questioned in an article written by Breckinridge Long, one of Woodrow Wilson's campaign workers, and published on December 7, 1916 in the Chicago Legal News--a full month after the U.S. presidential election of 1916, in which Hughes was narrowly defeated by Woodrow Wilson . Long claimed that Hughes was ineligible because his father was not yet naturalized at the time of his birth and was still a British citizen (in fact, both his parents were British citizens and never became U.S. citizens). Observing that Hughes, although born in the United States, was also (according to British law) a British subject and therefore "enjoy (ed) a dual nationality and owe (d) a double allegiance", Long argued that a native born citizen was not natural born without a unity of U.S. citizenship and allegiance and stated: "Now if, by any possible construction, a person at the instant of birth, and for any period of time thereafter, owes, or may owe, allegiance to any sovereign but the United States, he is not a' natural - born' citizen of the United States ." </P> <P> Barry Goldwater was born in Phoenix, in what was then the incorporated Arizona Territory of the United States . During his presidential campaign in 1964, there was a minor controversy over Goldwater's having been born in Arizona three years before it became a state . </P>

Who is a natural born citizen of the united states