<P> However, both projects followed the same research and extension methods . </P> <P> "OPP - OCT discovered that this growing settlement of Orangi was full of the enterprising spirit . The most impressive demonstration of the spirit of enterprises is the creation of employment everywhere in the lanes; inside the homes there are around twenty thousand family units, shops workshops, peddlers and vendors . In response to the dual challenge of inflation and recession, the residents have invented working family, modifying homes into workshops, promoting the women from mere dependents to economic partners and wage earners, abandoning the dominant patriarchal pattern with surprising speed . </P> <P> OPP's research revealed two significant factors; first, there was unlimited demand for products and services of these family units . Second, the family units were extremely competitive (on account of very low over heads and very cheap and docile labour). The working family units of Orangi were completely integrated with the main Karachi markets . In fact many units are supplying goods to famous firms, who just put their labels and make big profits . What is required is to support their initiatives . </P> <P> Research further revealed that the production and employment in urban as well as rural areas could easily be increased provided the credit is accessible, as there was no shortage of market demand or productive labour . But they would not get credit at reasonable rate, because banks were inaccessible to them . The lack of bank credit forced them to buy raw materials at exorbitant prices while they had to sell their products at depressed prices and forego expansion . </P>

Explain the various programmes undertaken in the orangi project