<P> Not only is there the question of being on the outside while studying another culture, but also the question of how to go about studying one's own society . Nettl's approach would be to determine how the culture classifies their own music . He is interested in the categories they would create to classify their own music . In this way, one would be able to distinguish themselves from the outsider while still having slight insider insight . Kingsbury believes it is impossible to study a music outside of one's culture, but what if that culture is your own? One must be aware of the personal bias they may impose on the study of their own culture . </P> <P> Kingsbury, an American pianist and ethnomusicologist, decided to reverse the common paradigm of a Westerner performing fieldwork in a non-western context, and apply fieldwork techniques to a western subject . In 1988 he published Music, Talent, and Performance: A Conservatory Cultural System, which detailed his time studying an American northeastern conservatory . He approached the conservatory as if it were a foreign land, doing his best to disassociate his experiences and prior knowledge of American conservatory culture from his study . In the book, Kingsbury analyzes conservatory conventions he and his peers may have overlooked, such as the way announcements are disseminated, to make assertions about the conservatory's culture . For example, he concludes that the institutional structure of the conservatory is "strikingly decentralized ." In light of professors' absences, he questions the conservatory's commitment to certain classes . His analysis of the conservatory contains four main elements: a high premium on teachers' individuality, teachers' role as nodal points that reinforce a patron - client - like system of social organization, this subsequent organization's enforcement of the aural traditions of musical literacy, and the conflict between this client / patron structure and the school's "bureaucratic administrative structure ." Ultimately, it seems, Kingsbury thinks the conservatory system is inherently flawed . He emphasizes that he doesn't intend to "chide" the conservatory, but his critiques are nonetheless far from complementary . </P> <P> Another example of western ethnomusicologists studying their native environments comes from Craft's My Music: Explorations of Music in Daily Life . The book contains interviews from dozens of (mostly) Americans of all ages, genders, ethnicities, and backgrounds, who answered questions about the role of music in their lives . Each interviewee had their own unique, necessary, and deeply personal internal organization of their own music . Some cared about genre, others organized the music important to themselves by artist . Some considered music deeply important to them, some did not care about music at all . </P> <P> Early in the history of the field of ethnomusicology, there was debate as to whether ethnomusicological work could be done on the music of western society, or whether its focus was exclusively toward non-western music . Some early scholars, such as Mantle Hood, argued that ethnomusicology had two potential focuses: the study of all non-European art music, and the study of the music found in a given geographical area . </P>

Write a short paragraph that explains ethnomusicology and identifies all phases of the discipline