<P> In medieval times some Christians thought of Jerusalem as the center of the world (Latin: umbilicus mundi, Greek: Omphalos), and was so represented in the so - called T and O maps . Byzantine hymns speak of the Cross being "planted in the center of the earth ." </P> <P> The Flat Earth model is a belief that the Earth's shape is a plane or disk covered by a firmament containing heavenly bodies . Most pre-scientific cultures have had conceptions of a Flat Earth, including Greece until the classical period, the Bronze Age and Iron Age civilizations of the Near East until the Hellenistic period, India until the Gupta period (early centuries AD) and China until the 17th century . It was also typically held in the aboriginal cultures of the Americas, and a flat Earth domed by the firmament in the shape of an inverted bowl is common in pre-scientific societies . </P> <P> "Center" is well - defined in a Flat Earth model . A flat earth would have a definite geographic center . There would also be a unique point at the exact center of a spherical firmament (or a firmament that was a half - sphere). </P> <P> The Flat Earth model gave way to an understanding of a Spherical Earth . Aristotle (384--322 BCE) provided observational arguments supporting the idea of a spherical Earth, namely that different stars are visible in different locations, travelers going south see southern constellations rise higher above the horizon, and the shadow of Earth on the Moon during a lunar eclipse is round, and spheres cast circular shadows while discs generally do not . </P>

In which one or more of the following is the earth assumed to be the center of the universe