<P> Between the seventh and 11th centuries, the Arawak are thought to have settled the island . During this time the Taíno culture developed, and by approximately 1000 AD, it had become dominant . Taíno culture has been traced to the village of Saladero at the basin of the Orinoco River in Venezuela; the Taíno migrated to Puerto Rico by crossing the Lesser Antilles . </P> <P> At the time of Columbus' arrival, an estimated 30 to 60 thousand Taíno Amerindians, led by the cacique (chief) Agüeybaná, inhabited the island . They called it "Borinquen", "the great land of the valiant and noble Lord". The natives lived in small villages led by a cacique and subsisted on hunting, fishing and gathering of indigenous cassava root and fruit . When the Spaniards arrived in 1493, the Taíno were already in conflict with the raiding Carib, who were moving up the Antilles chain . The Taíno domination of the island was nearing its end, and the Spanish arrival marked the beginning of their extinction . Their culture, however, remains part of that of contemporary Puerto Rico . Musical instruments such as maracas and güiro, the hammock, and words such as Mayagüez, Arecibo, iguana, Caguas and huracán (hurricane) are examples of the legacy left by the Taíno . </P> <P> On September 24, 1493, Christopher Columbus set sail on his second voyage with 17 ships and 1,200 to 1,500 soldiers from Cádiz . On November 19, 1493 he landed on the island, naming it San Juan Bautista in honor of Saint John the Baptist . The first European colony, Caparra, was founded on August 8, 1508 by Juan Ponce de León, a lieutenant under Columbus, who was greeted by the Taíno Cacique Agüeybaná and who later became the first governor of the island . Ponce de Leon was actively involved in the Higuey massacre of 1503 in Puerto Rico . In 1508, Sir Ponce de Leon was chosen by the Spanish Crown to lead the conquest and slavery of the Taíno Indians for gold mining operations . The following year, the colony was abandoned in favor of a nearby islet on the coast, named Puerto Rico (Rich Port), which had a suitable harbor . In 1511, a second settlement, San Germán was established in the southwestern part of the island . According to the "500TH Florida Discovery Council Round Table", on March 3, 1513, Juan Ponce de León, organized and commenced an expedition (with a crew of 200, including women and free blacks) departing from "Punta Aguada" Puerto Rico . Puerto Rico was the historic first gateway to the discovery of Florida, which opened the door to the settlement of the southeastern United States . They introduced Christianity, cattle, horses, sheep, the Spanish language and more to the land (Florida) that later became the United States of America . This settlement occurred 107 years before the Pilgrims landed . During the 1520s, the island took the name of Puerto Rico while the port became San Juan . </P> <P> The Spanish settlers established the first repartimiento system, under which natives were distributed to Spanish officials to be used as slave labor . On December 27, 1512, under pressure from the Roman Catholic Church, Ferdinand II of Aragon issued the Burgos' Laws, which modified the repartimiento into a system called encomiendas, aimed at ending the exploitation . The laws prohibited the use of any form of punishment toward the indigenous people, regulated their work hours, pay, hygiene, and care, and ordered them to be catechized . In 1511, the Taínos revolted against the Spanish; cacique Urayoán, as planned by Agüeybaná II, ordered his warriors to drown the Spanish soldier Diego Salcedo to determine whether the Spaniards were immortal . After drowning Salcedo, they kept watch over his body for three days to confirm his death . The revolt was easily crushed by Ponce de León and within a few decades much of the native population had been decimated by disease, violence, and a high occurrence of suicide . As a result, Taíno culture, language, and traditions were generally destroyed, and were claimed to have "vanished" 50 years after Christopher Columbus arrived . Since the early 21st century, efforts have been made to revive and rebuild Taíno culture . </P>

Where did the name puerto rico come from
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