<P> Some species, such as deer flies and the Australian March flies, are known for being extremely noisy during flight, though clegs, for example, fly quietly and bite with little warning . Tabanids are agile fliers; Hybomitra species have been observed to perform aerial manoeuvres similar to those performed by fighter jets, such as the Immelmann turn . Horseflies can lay claim to being the fastest flying insects; the male Hybomitra hinei wrighti has been recorded reaching speeds of up to 145 km (90 mi) per hour when pursuing a female . </P> <P> Horse - flies are found worldwide, except for the polar regions, but they are absent from some islands such as Greenland, Iceland, and Hawaii . The genera Tabanus, Chrysops, and Haematopota all occur in temperate, subtropical, and tropical locations, but Haematopota is absent from Australia and South America . Horse - flies mostly occur in warm areas with suitable moist locations for breeding, but also occupy a wide range of habitats from deserts to alpine meadows . They are found from sea level to at least 3,300 m (10,800 ft). </P> <P> The first record of a tabanid comes from the Late Jurassic of China, and specimens from the Cretaceous have been found in England, Spain, and possibly South Africa . In the New World, the first discoveries date from the Miocene of Florissant, Colorado . These insects are recognisable as tabanids both from their mouthparts and their wing venation . Although the bloodsucking habit is associated with a long proboscis, a fossil insect that has elongated mouthparts is not necessarily a bloodsucker, as it may instead have fed on nectar . The ancestral tabanids may have co-evolved with the angiosperm plants on which they fed . With a necessity for high - protein food for egg production, the diet of early tabanomorphs was probably predatory, and from this the bloodsucking habit may have evolved . In the Santana Formation in Brazil, no mammals have been found, so the fossil tabanids found there likely fed on reptiles . Cold bloodsucking probably preceded warm bloodsucking, but some dinosaurs are postulated to have been warm - blooded and may have been early hosts for the horse - flies . </P> <P> The Tabanidae are true flies and members of the insect order Diptera . With the families Athericidae, Pelecorhynchidae and Oreoleptidae, Tabanidae are classified in the superfamily Tabanoidea . Along with the Rhagionoidea, this superfamily makes up the infraorder Tabanomorpha . Tabanoid families seem to be united by the presence of a venom canal in the mandible of the larvae . Worldwide, about 4,455 species of Tabanidae have been described, over 1,300 of them in the genus Tabanus . </P>

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