<P> This is a list of space missions to the planet Venus . Missions to Venus constitute part of the exploration of Venus . </P> <P> As of 2013, the Soviet Union, United States, European Space Agency and Japan have conducted missions to Venus . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Spacecraft </Th> <Th> Launch date </Th> <Th> Operator </Th> <Th> Mission </Th> <Th> Outcome </Th> <Th> Remarks </Th> <Th> Carrier rocket </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tyazhely Sputnik (1VA No. 1) </Td> <Td> 000000001961 - 02 - 04 - 0000 4 February 1961 </Td> <Td> OKB - 1 Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Impactor </Td> <Td> 0Launch failure </Td> <Td> Power transformer failure, upper stage failed to ignite, never left LEO </Td> <Td> Molniya </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Venera 1 (1VA No. 2) </Td> <Td> 000000001961 - 02 - 12 - 0000 12 February 1961 </Td> <Td> OKB - 1 Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Impactor </Td> <Td> 1Spacecraft failure </Td> <Td> Communications failure . Flyby on 19 May 1961 at less than 100,000 kilometres (62,000 mi); no data returned </Td> <Td> Molniya </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mariner 1 (P - 37) </Td> <Td> 000000001962 - 07 - 22 - 0000 22 July 1962 </Td> <Td> NASA United States </Td> <Td> Flyby </Td> <Td> 0Launch failure </Td> <Td> Failed to orbit; destroyed by range safety following guidance failure </Td> <Td> Atlas - Agena BAtlas - LV3 Agena - B </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2MV - 1 No. 1 </Td> <Td> 000000001962 - 08 - 25 - 0000 25 August 1962 </Td> <Td> OKB - 1 Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Lander </Td> <Td> 0Launch failure </Td> <Td> Premature upper stage cutoff due to ullage motor malfunction; never left LEO </Td> <Td> Molniya </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mariner 2 (P - 38) </Td> <Td> 000000001962 - 08 - 27 - 0000 27 August 1962 </Td> <Td> NASA United States </Td> <Td> Flyby </Td> <Td> 4Successful </Td> <Td> Flyby on 14 December 1962 </Td> <Td> Atlas - Agena BAtlas - LV3 Agena - B </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2MV - 1 No. 2 </Td> <Td> 000000001962 - 09 - 01 - 0000 1 September 1962 </Td> <Td> OKB - 1 Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Lander </Td> <Td> 0Launch failure </Td> <Td> Upper stage fuel valve failed to open, resulting in failure to ignite; never left LEO </Td> <Td> Molniya </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2MV - 2 No. 1 </Td> <Td> 000000001962 - 09 - 12 - 0000 12 September 1962 </Td> <Td> OKB - 1 Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Flyby </Td> <Td> 0Launch failure </Td> <Td> Anomalous third stage cutoff resulted in air bubbles forming in fourth stage fuel; fourth stage shut down less than a second after ignition; failed to leave LEO </Td> <Td> Molniya </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 3MV - 1 No. 2 </Td> <Td> 000000001964 - 02 - 19 - 0000 19 February 1964 </Td> <Td> OKB - 1 Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Flyby </Td> <Td> 0Launch failure </Td> <Td> Third stage oxidiser leak caused propellant to freeze in feed lines, which subsequently cracked; failed to orbit </Td> <Td> Molniya - M </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kosmos 27 (3MV - 1 No. 3) </Td> <Td> 000000001964 - 03 - 27 - 0000 27 March 1964 </Td> <Td> OKB - 1 Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Flyby / Lander </Td> <Td> 0Launch failure </Td> <Td> Upper stage attitude control failure, never left LEO </Td> <Td> Molniya - M </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Zond 1 (3MV - 1 No. 4) </Td> <Td> 000000001964 - 04 - 02 - 0000 2 April 1964 </Td> <Td> OKB - 1 Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Flyby / Lander </Td> <Td> 1Spacecraft failure </Td> <Td> Electronics shorted out, communications lost before flyby . Flew past Venus on 14 July 1964 . </Td> <Td> Molniya - M </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Venera 2 (3MV - 4 No. 4) </Td> <Td> 000000001965 - 11 - 12 - 0000 12 November 1965 </Td> <Td> OKB - 1 Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Flyby </Td> <Td> 1Spacecraft failure </Td> <Td> Flew past Venus on 27 February 1966, closest approach at 02: 52 UTC . Communications lost after flyby, before any data could be returned . </Td> <Td> Molniya - M </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Venera 3 (3MV - 3 No. 1) </Td> <Td> 000000001965 - 11 - 16 - 0000 16 November 1965 </Td> <Td> OKB - 1 Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Lander </Td> <Td> 1Spacecraft failure </Td> <Td> Communications lost as soon as spacecraft entered atmosphere on 1 March 1966, no data returned . </Td> <Td> Molniya - M </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kosmos 96 (3MV - 4 No. 6) </Td> <Td> 000000001965 - 11 - 23 - 0000 23 November 1965 </Td> <Td> OKB - 1 Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Flyby </Td> <Td> 0Launch failure </Td> <Td> Third stage combustion chamber exploded, resulting in loss of control, upper stage failed to ignite; Never left LEO </Td> <Td> Molniya - M </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Venera 4 (4V - 1 No. 310) </Td> <Td> 000000001967 - 06 - 12 - 0000 12 June 1967 </Td> <Td> Lavochkin Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Lander </Td> <Td> 2Partial failure </Td> <Td> Returned atmospheric data during entry on 18 October 1967 but failed to reach surface intact </Td> <Td> Molniya - M </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mariner 5 </Td> <Td> 000000001967 - 06 - 14 - 0000 14 June 1967 </Td> <Td> NASA United States </Td> <Td> Flyby </Td> <Td> 4Successful </Td> <Td> Flyby on 19 October 1967, closest approach at 17: 34: 56 UTC </Td> <Td> Atlas - Agena DAtlas SLV - 3 Agena - D </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kosmos 167 (4V - 1 No. 311) </Td> <Td> 000000001967 - 06 - 17 - 0000 17 June 1967 </Td> <Td> Lavochkin Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Lander </Td> <Td> 0Launch failure </Td> <Td> Upper stage failed to ignite; turbopump cooling malfunction . Never left LEO </Td> <Td> Molniya - M </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Venera 5 (4V - 1 No. 330) </Td> <Td> 000000001969 - 01 - 05 - 0000 5 January 1969 </Td> <Td> Lavochkin Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Atmospheric </Td> <Td> 4Successful </Td> <Td> Entered atmosphere on 16 May 1969, operated for 53 minutes </Td> <Td> Molniya - M </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Venera 6 (4V - 1 No. 331) </Td> <Td> 000000001969 - 01 - 10 - 0000 10 January 1969 </Td> <Td> Lavochkin Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Atmospheric </Td> <Td> 4Successful </Td> <Td> Entered atmosphere on 17 May 1969, operated for 51 minutes </Td> <Td> Molniya - M </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Venera 7 (4V - 1 No. 630) </Td> <Td> 000000001970 - 08 - 17 - 0000 17 August 1970 </Td> <Td> Lavochkin Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Lander </Td> <Td> 2Partial failure </Td> <Td> Landed at 05: 37: 10 UTC on 15 December 1970, rolled upon landing and returned severely limited data </Td> <Td> Molniya - M </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kosmos 359 (4V - 1 No. 631) </Td> <Td> 000000001970 - 08 - 22 - 0000 22 August 1970 </Td> <Td> Lavochkin Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Lander </Td> <Td> 0Launch failure </Td> <Td> Never left LEO </Td> <Td> Molniya - M </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Venera 8 (4V - 1 No. 670) </Td> <Td> 000000001972 - 03 - 27 - 0000 27 March 1972 </Td> <Td> Lavochkin Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Lander </Td> <Td> 4Successful </Td> <Td> Landed at 09: 32 UTC on 22 July 1972 </Td> <Td> Molniya - M </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kosmos 482 (4V - 1 No. 671) </Td> <Td> 000000001972 - 03 - 31 - 0000 31 March 1972 </Td> <Td> Lavochkin Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Lander </Td> <Td> 0Launch failure </Td> <Td> Never left LEO </Td> <Td> Molniya - M </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mariner 10 </Td> <Td> 000000001973 - 11 - 03 - 0000 3 November 1973 </Td> <Td> NASA United States </Td> <Td> Flyby </Td> <Td> 4Successful </Td> <Td> Flyby on 4 February 1974; closest approach at 17: 01 UTC; observed Venus and performed gravity assist to reach Mercury </Td> <Td> Atlas - Centaur D1A Atlas SLV - 3D Centaur - D1A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Venera 9 (4V - 1 No. 660) </Td> <Td> 000000001975 - 06 - 08 - 0000 8 June 1975 </Td> <Td> Lavochkin Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Lander / OOrbiter / Lander </Td> <Td> 4Successful </Td> <Td> Entered orbit on 20 October 1975; lander landed at 05: 13 UTC on 22 October </Td> <Td> Proton - K / D </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Venera 10 (4V - 1 No. 661) </Td> <Td> 000000001975 - 06 - 14 - 0000 14 June 1975 </Td> <Td> Lavochkin Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Lander / OOrbiter / Lander </Td> <Td> 4Successful </Td> <Td> Entered orbit on 23 October 1975; lander landed at 05: 17 UTC on 25 October </Td> <Td> Proton - K / D </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Venera 11 (4V - 1 No. 360) </Td> <Td> 000000001978 - 09 - 09 - 0000 9 September 1978 </Td> <Td> Lavochkin Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Lander / FFlyby / Lander </Td> <Td> 3Mostly successful </Td> <Td> Flyby on 25 December; Lander landed at 03: 24 UTC the same day . Multiple instrument failures on lander </Td> <Td> Proton - K / D - 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Venera 12 (4V - 1 No. 361) </Td> <Td> 000000001978 - 09 - 14 - 0000 14 September 1978 </Td> <Td> Lavochkin Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Lander / FFlyby / Lander </Td> <Td> 3Mostly successful </Td> <Td> Lander landed at 03: 20 UTC on 21 December 1975 . Both cameras on lander failed </Td> <Td> Proton - K / D - 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pioneer Venus 1 (PV Orbiter) </Td> <Td> 000000001978 - 05 - 20 - 0000 20 May 1978 </Td> <Td> NASA United States </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> 4Successful </Td> <Td> Entered orbit on 4 December 1978, decayed on 22 October 1992 </Td> <Td> Atlas - Centaur D1AR Atlas SLV - 3D Centaur - D1AR </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pioneer Venus 2 (PV Multiprobe) </Td> <Td> 000000001978 - 08 - 08 - 0000 8 August 1978 </Td> <Td> NASA United States </Td> <Td> Atmospheric </Td> <Td> 4Successful </Td> <Td> Entered the atmosphere on 9 December 1978; consisted of five spacecraft, one of which briefly continued transmitting after reaching the surface </Td> <Td> Atlas - Centaur D1AR Atlas SLV - 3D Centaur - D1AR </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Venera 13 (4V - 1M No. 760) </Td> <Td> 000000001981 - 10 - 30 - 0000 30 October 1981 </Td> <Td> Lavochkin Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Lander / FFlyby / Lander </Td> <Td> 4Successful </Td> <Td> Lander landed at 03: 20 UTC on 1 March 1982 . </Td> <Td> Proton - K / D - 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Venera 14 (4V - 1M No. 761) </Td> <Td> 000000001981 - 11 - 04 - 0000 4 November 1981 </Td> <Td> Lavochkin Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Lander / FFlyby / Lander </Td> <Td> 4Successful </Td> <Td> Lander landed on 5 March 1982 . </Td> <Td> Proton - K / D - 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Venera 15 (4V - 2 No. 860) </Td> <Td> 000000001983 - 06 - 02 - 0000 2 June 1983 </Td> <Td> Lavochkin Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> 4Successful </Td> <Td> Entered orbit 10 October 1983, operated until July 1984 </Td> <Td> Proton - K / D - 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Venera 16 (4V - 2 No. 861) </Td> <Td> 000000001983 - 06 - 07 - 0000 7 June 1983 </Td> <Td> Lavochkin Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> 4Successful </Td> <Td> Entered orbit 11 October 1983, operated until July 1984 </Td> <Td> Proton - K / D - 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Vega 1 (5VK No. 901) </Td> <Td> 000000001984 - 12 - 15 - 0000 15 December 1984 </Td> <Td> Lavochkin Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Lander / FA Flyby / Atmospheric / Lander </Td> <Td> 3Mostly successful </Td> <Td> Landed 11 June 1985 . Atmospheric probe deployed during entry operated for two days . Main bus continued to explore comet 1P / Halley </Td> <Td> Proton - K / D - 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Vega 2 (5VK No. 902) </Td> <Td> 000000001984 - 12 - 21 - 0000 21 December 1984 </Td> <Td> Lavochkin Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Lander / FA Flyby / Atmospheric / Lander </Td> <Td> 4Successful </Td> <Td> Landed 15 June 1985 . Atmospheric probe deployed during entry operated for two days . Main bus continued to explore comet 1P / Halley </Td> <Td> Proton - K / D - 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Magellan </Td> <Td> 000000001989 - 05 - 04 - 0000 4 May 1989 </Td> <Td> NASA United States </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> 4Successful </Td> <Td> Entered orbit 10 October 1990, deorbited 13 October 1994 </Td> <Td> Space Shuttle Atlantis STS - 30 / IUS </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Galileo </Td> <Td> 000000001989 - 10 - 18 - 0000 18 October 1989 </Td> <Td> NASA United States </Td> <Td> Gravity assist </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> Flyby on 10 February 1990 en route to Jupiter </Td> <Td> Space Shuttle Atlantis STS - 34 / IUS </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cassini </Td> <Td> 000000001997 - 10 - 15 - 0000 15 October 1997 </Td> <Td> NASA United States </Td> <Td> Gravity assist </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> Flybys on 26 April 1998 and 24 June 1999 en route to Saturn </Td> <Td> Titan IV (401) B </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> MESSENGER </Td> <Td> 000000002004 - 08 - 03 - 0000 3 August 2004 </Td> <Td> NASA United States </Td> <Td> Gravity assist </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> Flybys on 24 October 2006 and 5 June 2007 en route to Mercury </Td> <Td> Delta II 7925H </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Venus Express </Td> <Td> 000000002005 - 11 - 09 - 0000 9 November 2005 </Td> <Td> ESA Europe </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> 5Successful </Td> <Td> Entered orbit 11 April 2006 . Full communications lost on 28 November 2014 </Td> <Td> Soyuz - FG / Fregat </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Akatsuki </Td> <Td> 000000002010 - 05 - 20 - 0000 20 May 2010 </Td> <Td> JAXA Japan </Td> <Td> Orbiter </Td> <Td> 5Successful on second attempt </Td> <Td> Flew past Venus on 6 December 2010 after failing to enter orbit . Insertion was successfully reattempted on 7 December 2015 . </Td> <Td> H - IIA 202 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> IKAROS </Td> <Td> 000000002010 - 05 - 20 - 0000 20 May 2010 </Td> <Td> JAXA Japan </Td> <Td> Flyby </Td> <Td> 4Successful </Td> <Td> Experimental solar sail . Flew past Venus on 8 December 2010 </Td> <Td> H - IIA 202 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Shin'en </Td> <Td> 000000002010 - 05 - 20 - 0000 20 May 2010 </Td> <Td> UNISEC Japan </Td> <Td> Flyby </Td> <Td> 1Spacecraft failure </Td> <Td> Communications never established after launch . Flew past Venus in December 2010 </Td> <Td> H - IIA 202 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Th> Spacecraft </Th> <Th> Launch date </Th> <Th> Operator </Th> <Th> Mission </Th> <Th> Outcome </Th> <Th> Remarks </Th> <Th> Carrier rocket </Th> </Tr>

What satellites or robots have explored venus and what year
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