<P> When the divisions of postwar Europe began to emerge, the war crimes programmes and denazification policies of Britain and the United States were relaxed in favour of recruiting German scientists, especially nuclear and long - range rocket scientists . Many of these, prior to their capture, had worked on developing the German V - 2 long - range rocket at the Baltic coast German Army Research Center Peenemünde . Western Allied occupation force officers in Germany were ordered to refuse to cooperate with the Soviets in sharing captured wartime secret weapons, the recovery for which, specifically in regards to advanced German aviation technology and personnel, the British had sent the Fedden Mission into Germany to contact its aviation technology centers and key personnel, paralleled by the United States with its own Operation Lusty aviation technology personnel and knowledge recovery program . </P> <P> In Operation Paperclip, beginning in 1945, the United States imported 1,600 German scientists and technicians, as part of the intellectual reparations owed to the US and the UK, including about $10 billion (US $125 billion in 2017 dollars) in patents and industrial processes . In late 1945, three German rocket - scientist groups arrived in the U.S. for duty at Fort Bliss, Texas, and at White Sands Proving Grounds, New Mexico, as "War Department Special Employees". </P> <P> The wartime activities of some Operation Paperclip scientists would later be investigated . Arthur Rudolph left the United States in 1984, in order to not be prosecuted . Similarly, Georg Rickhey, who came to the United States under Operation Paperclip in 1946, was returned to Germany to stand trial at the Mittelbau - Dora war crimes trial in 1947 . Following his acquittal, he returned to the United States in 1948 and eventually became a US citizen . </P> <P> The Soviets began Operation Osoaviakhim in 1946 . NKVD and Soviet army units effectively deported thousands of military - related technical specialists from the Soviet occupation zone of post-war Germany to the Soviet Union . The Soviets used 92 trains to transport the specialists and their families, an estimated 10,000 - 15,000 people . Much related equipment was also moved, the aim being to virtually transplant research and production centres, such as the relocated V - 2 rocket centre at Mittelwerk Nordhausen, from Germany to the Soviet Union . Among the people moved were Helmut Gröttrup and about two hundred scientists and technicians from Mittelwerk . Personnel were also taken from AEG, BMW's Stassfurt jet propulsion group, IG Farben's Leuna chemical works, Junkers, Schott AG, Siebel, Telefunken, and Carl Zeiss AG . </P>

What decisions were made about berlin at the end of world war 2