<P> Tourism is travel for pleasure . The developments in technology and transport infrastructure, such as jumbo jets, low - cost airlines, and more accessible airports have made many types of tourism more affordable . International tourist arrivals surpassed the milestone of 1 billion tourists globally for the first time in 2012 . A visa is a conditional authorization granted by a country to a foreigner, allowing them to enter and temporarily remain within, or to leave that country . Some countries--such as those in the Schengen Area--have agreements with other countries allowing each other's citizens to travel between them without visas . The World Tourism Organization announced that the number of tourists who require a visa before traveling was at its lowest level ever in 2015 . </P> <P> Immigration is the international movement of people into a destination country of which they are not natives or where they do not possess citizenship in order to settle or reside there, especially as permanent residents or naturalized citizens, or to take - up employment as a migrant worker or temporarily as a foreign worker . According to the International Labour Organization, as of 2014 there were an estimated 232 million international migrants in the world (defined as persons outside their country of origin for 12 months or more) and approximately half of them were estimated to be economically active (i.e. being employed or seeking employment). International movement of labor is often seen as important to economic development . For example, freedom of movement for workers in the European Union means that people can move freely between member states to live, work, study or retire in another country . </P> <P> Globalization is associated with a dramatic rise in international education . More and more students are seeking higher education in foreign countries and many international students now consider overseas study a stepping - stone to permanent residency within a country . The contributions that foreign students make to host nation economies, both culturally and financially has encouraged major players to implement further initiatives to facilitate the arrival and integration of overseas students, including substantial amendments to immigration and visa policies and procedures . </P> <P> A transnational marriage is a marriage between two people from different countries . A variety of special issues arise in marriages between people from different countries, including those related to citizenship and culture, which add complexity and challenges to these kinds of relationships . In an age of increasing globalization, where a growing number of people have ties to networks of people and places across the globe, rather than to a current geographic location, people are increasingly marrying across national boundaries . Transnational marriage is a by - product of the movement and migration of people . </P>

Explain the elements that lead to the increased complexity of globalization