<P> In 1987, the United States FDA approved AZT as the first pharmaceutical treatment for AIDS . Around the same time, ACT UP was formed, with one of the group's first goals being to find a way to get access to pharmaceutical drugs to treat HIV . When AZT was made publicly available, it was extremely expensive and unaffordable to all but the most wealthy AIDS patients . The availability of medicine but the lack of access to it sparked large protests around FDA offices . </P> <P> In 2003, Swaziland and Botswana reported nearly four out of 10 people were HIV positive . Festus Mogae, president of Botswana, admitted huge infrastructure problems to the international community and requested foreign intervention in the form of consulting in health care setup and antiretroviral drug distribution programs . and from this began to be personally involved in HIV issues worldwide . In Swaziland, the government chose not to immediately address the problem in the way that international health agencies advised, so many people died . In world media, the governments of African countries began to similarly be described as participating in the effort to prevent HIV actively or less actively . </P> <P> There came to be international discussion about why HIV rates in Africa were so high, because if the cause were known, then prevention strategies could be developed . Previously, some researchers had suggested that HIV in Africa was widespread because of unsafe medical practices which somehow transferred blood to patients through procedures such as vaccination, injection, or reuse of equipment . In March 2003, the WHO released a statement that almost all infections were, in fact, the result of unsafe practices in heterosexual intercourse . </P> <P> In response to the rising HIV rates, Cardinal Alfonso López Trujillo, speaking on behalf of the Vatican, said that not only was the use of condoms immoral, but also that condoms were ineffective in preventing HIV . The cardinal was highly criticized by the world health community, who were trying to promote condom use as a way to prevent the spread of HIV . </P>

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