<P> For its first fifty years the phonograph turntable did not use electronics; the needle and soundhorn were purely mechanical technologies . However, in the 1920s radio broadcasting became the basis of mass production of radio receivers . The vacuum tubes that had made radios practical were used with record players as well, to amplify the sound so that it could be played through a loudspeaker . Television was soon invented, but remained insignificant in the consumer market until the 1950s . The transistor, invented in 1947 by Bell Laboratories, led to significant research in the field of solid - state semiconductors in the early 1950s . The transistor's advantages revolutionized that industry along with other electronics . By 1959 Fairchild Semiconductor had introduced the first planar transistor from which come the origins of Moore's law . Integrated circuits followed when manufacturers built circuits (usually for military purposes) on a single substrate using electrical connections between circuits within the chip itself . Bell's invention of the transistor and the development of semiconductors led to far better and cheaper consumer electronics, such as transistor radios, televisions, and by the 1980s, affordable video game consoles and personal computers that regular middle - class families could buy . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> "</Td> <Td> When we were patenting this (planar transistor) we recognized it was a significant change, and the patent attorney asked us if we really thought through all the ramifications of it . And we hadn't, so Noyce got a group together to see what they could come up with and right away he saw that this gave us a reason now you could run the metal up over the top without shorting out the junctions, so you could actually connect this one to the next - door neighbor or some other thing .--Gordon Moore </Td> <Td>" </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Td> "</Td> <Td> When we were patenting this (planar transistor) we recognized it was a significant change, and the patent attorney asked us if we really thought through all the ramifications of it . And we hadn't, so Noyce got a group together to see what they could come up with and right away he saw that this gave us a reason now you could run the metal up over the top without shorting out the junctions, so you could actually connect this one to the next - door neighbor or some other thing .--Gordon Moore </Td> <Td>" </Td> </Tr> <P> Main consumer electronics products include radio receivers, television sets, MP3 players, video recorders, DVD players, digital cameras, camcorders, personal computers, video game consoles, telephones and mobile phones . Increasingly these products have become based on digital technologies, and have largely merged with the computer industry in what is increasingly referred to as the consumerization of information technology such as those invented by Apple Inc. and MIT Media Lab . </P>

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