<P> A Boston schoolteacher, Dorothea Dix (1802--1887), also helped make humane care a public and a political concern in the US . On a restorative trip to England for a year, she met Samuel Tuke . In 1841 she visited a local prison to teach Sunday school and was shocked at the conditions for the inmates and the treatment of those with mental illnesses . She began to investigate and crusaded on the issue in Massachusetts and all over the country . She supported the moral treatment model of care . She spoke to many state legislatures about the horrible sights she had witnessed at the prisons and called for reform . Dix fought for new laws and greater government funding to improve the treatment of people with mental disorders from 1841 until 1881, and personally helped establish 32 state hospitals that were to offer moral treatment . Many asylums were built on the so - called Kirkbride Plan . </P> <P> The moral treatment movement was initially opposed by those in the mental health profession . By the mid-19th century, however, many psychologists had adopted the strategy . They became advocates of moral treatment, but argued that since the mentally ill often had separate physical / organic problems, medical approaches were also necessary . Making this argument stick has been described as an important step in the profession's eventual success at securing a monopoly on the treatment of "lunacy". </P> <P> The moral treatment movement had a huge influence on asylum construction and practice . Many countries were introducing legislation requiring local authorities to provide asylums for the local population, and they were increasingly designed and run along moral treatment lines . Additional "non-restraint movements" also developed . There was great belief in the curability of mental disorders, particularly in the US, and statistics were reported showing high recovery rates . They were later much criticized, particularly for not differentiating between new admissions and re-admissions (i.e. those who hadn't really achieved a sustained recovery). It has been noted, however, that the cure statistics showed a decline from the 1830s onwards, particularly sharply in the second half of the century, which has been linked to the dream of small, curative asylums giving way to large, centralized, overcrowded asylums . </P> <P> There was also criticism from some ex-patients and their allies . By the mid-19th century in England, the Alleged Lunatics' Friend Society was proclaiming that the new moral treatment was a form of social repression achieved "by mildness and coaxing, and by solitary confinement"; that its implication that the "alleged lunatics" needed re-educating meant it treated them as if they were children incapable of making their own decisions; and that it failed to properly inform people of their rights or involve them in discussion about their treatment . The Society was suspicious of the tranquility of the asylums, suggesting that patients were simply being crushed and then discharged to live a "milk sop" (meek) existence in society . </P>

Which of the following was an outcome of the rapid growth of the moral treatment movement