<P> Mughal artillery included a variety of cannons, rockets, and mines employed by the Mughal Empire . This gunpowder technology played an important role in the formation and expansion of the empire . </P> <P> Artillery was not widely employed in Central Asia prior to the 16th century, despite Chinese mortars having been known to the Mongols hundreds of years earlier . Even some limited use of cannon at Hisar by the Timurid Sultan Husayn Mirza in 1496 did not lead to a substantial role military role for artillery in India, nor did the presence of Portuguese ship's cannon at the 1509 Battle of Diu . However, following the decisive Ottoman victory over the Safavid Empire at the 1514 Battle of Chaldiran, Babur incorporated artillery and Ottoman artillery tactics into his military . Although authorities disagree about how many cannons he brought to India, Babur's artillery played a "key role" in the establishment of the Mughal Empire . In 1526, the First Battle of Panipat saw the introduction of massed artillery tactics to Indian warfare . Under the guidance of Ottoman gun master Ustad Ali Quli, Babur deployed cannons behind a screening row of carts . Enemy commander Ibrahim Lodi was provoked into a frontal attack against Babur's position, allowing him to make ideal use of his firepower . This tactic also panicked Lodi's elephant cavalry, beginning the end of elephant warfare as a dominant offensive strategy in India . These new weapons and tactics were even more important against the more formidable army faced in the Battle of Khanwa the following year . </P> <P> Artillery remained an important part of the Mughal military, in both field deployment and incorporation into defensive forts . However, transportation of the extremely heavy guns remained problematic, even as weapon technology improved during the reign of Akbar . </P>

Who introduced cannons and guns in india warfare