<Ul> <Li> Inadequate nutritional intake: Alcoholics tend to intake less than the recommended amount of thiamine . </Li> <Li> Decreased uptake of thiamine from the GI tract: Active transport of thiamine into enterocytes is disturbed during acute alcohol exposure . </Li> <Li> Liver thiamine stores are reduced due to hepatic steatosis or fibrosis . </Li> <Li> Impaired thiamine utilization: Magnesium, which is required for the binding of thiamine to thiamine - using enzymes within the cell, is also deficient due to chronic alcohol consumption . The inefficient utilization of any thiamine that does reach the cells will further exacerbate the thiamine deficiency . </Li> <Li> Ethanol per se inhibits thiamine transport in the gastrointestinal system and blocks phosphorylation of thiamine to its cofactor form (ThDP). </Li> </Ul> <Li> Inadequate nutritional intake: Alcoholics tend to intake less than the recommended amount of thiamine . </Li> <Li> Decreased uptake of thiamine from the GI tract: Active transport of thiamine into enterocytes is disturbed during acute alcohol exposure . </Li> <Li> Liver thiamine stores are reduced due to hepatic steatosis or fibrosis . </Li>

Thiamin deficiency can result in which of the following diseases