<P> On October 3, 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the legislation into law, saying, "This (old) system violates the basic principle of American democracy, the principle that values and rewards each man on the basis of his merit as a man . It has been un-American in the highest sense, because it has been untrue to the faith that brought thousands to these shores even before we were a country". </P> <P> The proponents of the Hart--Celler Act argued that it would not significantly influence United States culture . President Johnson called the bill "not a revolutionary bill . It does not affect the lives of millions ." Secretary of State Dean Rusk and other politicians, including Senator Ted Kennedy, asserted that the bill would not affect US demographic mix . However, the ethnic composition of immigrants changed following the passage of the law . Specifically, the Hart--Celler Act allowed increased numbers of people to migrate to the United States from Latin America, Asia, Africa, and the Middle East . </P> <P> Prior to 1965, the demographics of immigration stood as mostly Europeans; 68 percent of legal immigrants in the 1950s came from Europe and Canada . However, in the years 1971--1991, immigrants from Hispanic and Latin American countries made 47.9 percent of immigrants (with Mexico accounting for 23.7 percent) and immigrants from Asia 35.2 percent . Not only did it change the ethnic makeup of immigration, but it also greatly increased the number of immigrants--immigration constituted 11 percent of the total U.S. population growth between 1960 and 1970, growing to 33 percent from 1970--80, and to 39 percent from 1980--90 . The elimination of the National Origins Formula and the introduction of numeric limits on immigration from the Western Hemisphere, along with the strong demand for immigrant workers by U.S. employers, led to rising numbers of unauthorized immigrants in the U.S. in the decades after 1965, especially in the Southwest . Policies in the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 that were designed to curtail migration across the Mexican - U.S. border led many unauthorized workers to settle permanently in the U.S. These demographic trends became a central part of anti-immigrant activism from the 1980s leading to greater border militarization, rising apprehension of migrants by the Border Patrol, and a focus in the media on the supposed criminality of immigrants . </P> <P> In January 2017, president Donald Trump's Executive Order 13769 temporarily halting immigration from 7 majority - Muslim nations made reference to the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952; however, lower ((Legal challenges to Executive Order 13769 #Statutory challenges federal courts ruled that the Executive Order violated the prohibitions on discrimination by nationality and religion in the 1965 Act . In June, the US Supreme Court overrode both appeals courts and allowed the second ban to go into effect, but carved out an exemption for persons with "bona fide relationships" in the US . In December, the US Supreme Court allowed the full travel ban to take place . </P>

The immigration reform act did not alter the rate or national origin of immigration after 1965
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