<P> Native gender roles and relations quickly changed with this policy, since communal living had shaped the social order of Native communities . Women were no longer the caretakers of the land and they were no longer valued in the public political sphere . Even in the home, the Native woman was dependent on her husband . Before allotment, women divorced easily and had important political and social status, as they were usually the center of their kin network . Under the Dawes Act, to receive the full 160 acres (0.65 km), women had to be officially married . </P> <P> In 1926, Secretary of the Interior Hubert Work commissioned a study of federal administration of Indian policy and the condition of Indian people . Completed in 1928, The Problem of Indian Administration--commonly known as the Meriam Report after the study's director, Lewis Meriam--documented fraud and misappropriation by government agents . In particular, the Meriam Report found that the General Allotment Act had been used to illegally deprive Native Americans of their land rights . </P> <P> After considerable debate, Congress terminated the allotment process under the Dawes Act by enacting the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 ("Wheeler - Howard Act"). However, the allotment process in Alaska, under the separate Alaska Native Allotment Act, continued until its revocation in 1971 by the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act . </P> <P> Despite termination of the allotment process in 1934, effects of the General Allotment Act continue into the present . For example, one provision of the Act was the establishment of a trust fund, administered by the Bureau of Indian Affairs, to collect and distribute revenues from oil, mineral, timber, and grazing leases on Native American lands . The BIA's alleged improper management of the trust fund resulted in litigation, in particular the case Cobell v. Kempthorne (settled in 2009 for $3.4 billion), to force a proper accounting of revenues . </P>

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