<P> During the late Song dynasty (960--1279) the importance of the Analects as a philosophy work was raised above that of the older Five Classics, and it was recognized as one of the "Four Books". The Analects has been one of the most widely read and studied books in China for the last 2,000 years, and continues to have a substantial influence on Chinese and East Asian thought and values today . </P> <P> Confucius believed that the welfare of a country depended on the moral cultivation of its people, beginning from the nation's leadership . He believed that individuals could begin to cultivate an all - encompassing sense of virtue through ren, and that the most basic step to cultivating ren was devotion to one's parents and older siblings . He taught that one's individual desires do not need to be suppressed, but that people should be educated to reconcile their desires via rituals and forms of propriety, through which people could demonstrate their respect for others and their responsible roles in society . He taught that a ruler's sense of virtue was his primary prerequisite for leadership . His primary goal in educating his students was to produce ethically well - cultivated men who would carry themselves with gravity, speak correctly, and demonstrate consummate integrity in all things . </P> <P> According to Ban Gu, writing in the Book of Han, the Analects originated as individual records kept by Confucius's disciples of conversations between the Master and them, which were then collected and jointly edited by the disciples after Confucius's death in 479 BC . The work is therefore titled Lunyu meaning "edited conversations" or "selected speeches" (i.e. analects). This broadly forms the traditional account of the genesis of the work accepted by later generations of scholars, for example the Song dynasty neo-Confucian scholar Zhu Xi stated that Analects is the records of Confucius's first - and second - generation pupils . The view however was challenged by Qing dynasty philologist Cui Shu (崔 述, 1740--1816) who argued on linguistic ground that the last five books are much later than the rest of the work . Many modern scholars now believe that the work was compiled over a period of around two hundred years, with some questioning the authenticity of some of the sayings . Because no texts of the Analects have been discovered earlier, and because the Analects was not referred to by name in any existing source before the early Han dynasty, some scholars have proposed dates as late as 140 BC for the text's compilation . </P> <P> Regardless of how early the text of the Analects existed, most Analects scholars believe that, by the early Han dynasty (206 BC--220 AD) the book was widely known and transmitted throughout China in a mostly complete form, and the book acquired its final, complete form during Han dynasty . A Han dynasty writer Wang Chong however claimed that the Analects that existed during the Han dynasty was incomplete and formed only a part of a much larger work . A larger collection of Confucius's teachings existed in the Warring States period than has been preserved directly in the Analects: 75% of Confucius's sayings cited by his second - generation student, Mencius, do not exist in the received text of the Analects . </P>

Who is the author of the analects of confucius
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