<P> The parliament is bicameral, consisting of an upper house (the House of Lords) and a lower house (the House of Commons). The Sovereign forms the third component of the legislature (the Queen - in - Parliament). The House of Lords includes two different types of members: the Lords Spiritual, consisting of the most senior bishops of the Church of England, and the Lords Temporal, consisting mainly of life peers, appointed by the Sovereign on the advice of the Prime Minister, and of 92 hereditary peers, sitting either by virtue of holding a royal office, or by being elected by their fellow hereditary peers . Prior to the opening of the Supreme Court in October 2009, the House of Lords also performed a judicial role through the Law Lords . </P> <P> The House of Commons is a democratically elected chamber with elections held at least every five years . The two Houses meet in separate chambers in the Palace of Westminster (commonly known as the Houses of Parliament) in London . By constitutional convention, all government ministers, including the Prime Minister, are members of the House of Commons or, less commonly, the House of Lords and are thereby accountable to the respective branches of the legislature . Most cabinet ministers (Secretaries of State) are from the Commons, whilst junior ministers can be from either House . However, it should be noted the Leader of the House of Lords must be a peer and is a cabinet position, usually combined with a paid position . </P> <P> The Parliament of Great Britain was formed in 1707 following the ratification of the Treaty of Union by Acts of Union passed by the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland . At the start of the 19th century, Parliament was further enlarged by Acts of Union ratified by the Parliament of Great Britain and the Parliament of Ireland that abolished the latter and added 100 Irish MPs and 32 Lords to the former to create the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland . The Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927 formally amended the name to the "Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland", five years after the secession of the Irish Free State . </P> <P> The UK parliament and its institutions have set the pattern for many democracies throughout the world, and it has been called "the mother of parliaments". However, John Bright--who coined the epithet--used it with reference to a country (England) rather than a parliament . </P>

When was the parliament formed in the uk