<P> The New Philosophers (French: nouveaux philosophes) is a term which refers to a generation of French philosophers who broke with Marxism in the early 1970s . They include Alain Finkielkraut, André Glucksmann, Pascal Bruckner, Bernard - Henri Lévy, Jean - Marie Benoist, Christian Jambet, Guy Lardreau, Claude Gandelman, Jean - Paul Dollé and Gilles Susong . They criticized Jean - Paul Sartre and post-structuralism, as well as the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche and Martin Heidegger . </P> <P> The term was created by Bernard - Henri Lévy in 1976 . Most of the philosophers he included in that description had a previous history of Marxism with which they had recently broken . Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's writings on The Gulag Archipelago had a profound effect upon many of these former Leftists . </P>

The new philosophers in france were called the
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