<Li> <P> Illustration of the stupa built by Asoka at Bodh Gaya, on the location of the later Mahabodhi Temple . Sculpture of the Satavahana period at Sanchi, 1st century CE </P> </Li> <P> Illustration of the stupa built by Asoka at Bodh Gaya, on the location of the later Mahabodhi Temple . Sculpture of the Satavahana period at Sanchi, 1st century CE </P> <P> The Buddhist stupa, a dome shaped monument, was used in India as a commemorative monument associated with storing sacred relics . The stupa architecture was adopted in Southeast and East Asia, where it became prominent as a Buddhist monument used for enshrining sacred relics . Fortified cities with stūpas, viharas, and temples were constructed during the Maurya empire (c. 321--185 BCE). Wooden architecture was popular and rock cut architecture became solidified . Guard rails--consisting of posts, crossbars, and a coping--became a feature of safety surrounding a stupa . Temples--build on elliptical, circular, quadrilateral, or apsidal plans--were constructed using brick and timber . The Indian gateway arches, the torana, reached East Asia with the spread of Buddhism . Some scholars hold that torii derives from the torana gates at the Buddhist historic site of Sanchi (3rd century BCE--11th century CE). </P> <P> Rock - cut stepwells in India date from 200--400 CE . Subsequently, the construction of wells at Dhank (550--625 CE) and stepped ponds at Bhinmal (850--950 CE) took place . Cave temples became prominent throughout western India, incorporating various unique features to give rise to cave architecture in places such as Ajanta and Ellora . </P>

Who introduced arch and dome architecture in india
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