<Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations . Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations . (September 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) </Td> </Tr> <P> The Paper Clips Project, by middle school students from the small southeastern Tennessee town of Whitwell, created a monument for the Holocaust victims of Nazi Germany . It started in 1998 as a simple 8th - grade project to study other cultures, and then evolved into one gaining worldwide attention . At last count, over 30 million paper clips had been received . Paper Clips, an award - winning documentary film about the project, was released in 2004 by Miramax Films . </P> <P> In 1998, Linda M. Hooper, principal of Whitwell Middle School in Whitwell, Tennessee, asked Assistant Principal David Smith to find a voluntary after - school project to teach the children about tolerance . David Smith and Sandra Roberts started a Holocaust education program and held the first class in the fall of 1998 . Soon the students were overwhelmed with the massive scale of the Holocaust and asked Mrs. Hooper if they could collect something to represent the lives that were exterminated during the Holocaust . Mrs. Hooper responded that they could if they could find something that related to the Holocaust or to World War II . Through Internet research, the students discovered that Johan Vaaler, a Norwegian, designed a loop of metal, and the Norwegians wore paperclips on their lapels during World War II as a silent protest against Nazi occupation . The students decided to collect 6,000,000 paper clips to represent the estimated 6,000,000 Jews killed between 1939 and 1945 under the authority of the Nazi government of Adolf Hitler . </P> <P> At first the project went slowly, as it did not gain much publicity . Students created a website and sent out letters to friends, family and celebrities . The project began to snowball after it received attention from Peter and Dagmar Schroeder, journalists who were born in Germany during World War II and who covered the White House for German newspapers . They published some articles as well as a book, Das Büroklammer - Projekt (The Paper Clip Project) published in September 2000, that promoted the project in Germany . The big break in the US came with an article in the Washington Post on April 7, 2001, written by Dita Smith . </P>

What did paper clips represent during the holocaust