<P> India is endowed with economically exploitable and viable hydro potential assessed to be about 125,570 MW at 60% capacity factor . India ranked fourth globally by underutilized hydro power potential . In addition, 6,780 MW in terms of installed capacity from Small, Mini, and Micro Hydel schemes have been assessed . Also, 56 sites for pumped storage schemes with an aggregate installed capacity of 94,000 MW have been identified for catering to peak electricity demand and water pumping for irrigation needs . It is the most widely used form of renewable energy but the economically exploitable hydro power potential keeps on varying due to technological developments and the comparable cost of electricity generation from other sources . The hydro - electric potential of India ranks 5th in terms of exploitable hydro - potential on global scenario . </P> <P> The installed capacity of hydro power is 44,594.42 MW as of 30 April 2017 . India ranks sixth in hydro electricity generation globally after China, Canada, Brazil, USA and Russia . During the year 2015 - 16, the total hydro electricity generation in India is 121.377 billion kWh which works out to 23,093 MW at 60% capacity factor . Till now, hydroelectricity sector is dominated by the state and central government owned companies but this sector is going to grow faster with the participation of private sector for developing the hydro potential located in the Himalaya mountain ranges including north east of India . However the hydro power potential in central India forming part of Godavari, Mahanadi and Narmada river basins has not yet been developed on major scale due to potential opposition from the tribal population . </P> <P> Pumped storage schemes are perfect centralised peaking power stations for the load management in the electricity grid . Pumped storage schemes would be in high demand for meeting peak load demand and storing the surplus electricity as India graduates from electricity deficit to electricity surplus . They also produce secondary / seasonal power at no additional cost when rivers are flooding with excess water . Storing electricity by other alternative systems such as batteries, compressed air storage systems, etc. is more costlier than electricity production by standby generator . India has already established nearly 6800 MW pumped storage capacity which is part of its installed hydro power plants . </P> <P> India has the fourth largest installed wind power capacity in the world . As of 31 December 2017, the installed capacity of wind power was 32,848 MW an increase of 4148 MW over the previous year Wind power accounts nearly 10% of India's total installed power generation capacity and generated 52.666 billion kWh in the fiscal year 2017 - 18 which is nearly 3% of total electricity generation . The capacity utilisation factor is nearly 16% in the fiscal year 2017 - 18 . The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) of India has announced a revised estimation of the potential wind power resource (excluding offshore wind power potential) from 49,130 MW assessed at 50m Hub heights to 102,788 MW assessed at 80m Hub height at 15% capacity factor . </P>

What are the problems of energy resources in india