<P> Earlier control schemes such as NLS used a verb - object command structure, where the command name was provided first and the object to be copied or moved was second . The inversion from verb - object to object - verb on which copy and paste are based, where the user selects the object to be operated before initiating the operation, was an innovation crucial for the success of the desktop metaphor as it allowed copy and move operations based on direct manipulation . </P> <P> Inspired by early line and character editors that broke a move or copy operation into two steps--between which the user could invoke a preparatory action such as navigation--Lawrence G. Tesler (Larry Tesler) proposed the names "cut" and "copy" for the first step and "paste" for the second step . Beginning in 1974, he and colleagues at Xerox Corporation Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) implemented several text editors that used cut / copy - and - paste commands to move / copy text . </P> <P> Apple Computer widely popularized the computer - based cut / copy - and - paste paradigm through the Lisa (1983) and Macintosh (1984) operating systems and applications . Apple mapped the functionalities to key combinations consisting of the Command key (a special modifier key) held down while typing the letters X (for cut), C (for copy), and V (for paste), choosing a handful of keyboard shortcuts to control basic editing operations . The keys involved all cluster together at the left end of the bottom row of the standard QWERTY keyboard, and each key is combined with a special modifier key to perform the desired operation: </P> <Ul> <Li> Z to undo </Li> <Li> X to cut </Li> <Li> C to copy </Li> <Li> V to paste </Li> </Ul>

What is the shortcut key for cut and paste
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