<P> From the study above, several conclusions have been made . A relationship between personality and cancer exists, along with a relationship between personality and coronary heart disease . Personality type acts as a risk factor for diseases and interacts synergistically with other risk factors, such as smoking and heredity . It has been statistically proven that behavior therapy can significantly reduce the likelihood of cancer or coronary heart disease mortality . On the contrary, psychoanalysis can increase the likelihood of cancer and coronary heart disease mortality drastically . Studies suggest that both body and mental disease arise from each other . Mental disorders arise from physical causes, and likewise, physical disorders arise from mental causes . While Type A personality did not show a strong direct relationship between its attributes and the cause of coronary heart disease, other types of personalities have shown strong influences on both cancer - prone patients and those prone to coronary heart disease . </P> <P> A study conducted by the International Journal of Behavioral Medicine re-examined the association between the Type A concept with cardiovascular (CVD) and non-cardiovascular (non-CVD) mortality by using a long follow - up (on average 20.6 years) of a large population - based sample of elderly males (N = 2,682), by applying multiple Type A measures at baseline, and looking separately at early and later follow - up years . The study sample were the participants of the Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study, (KIHD), which includes a randomly selected representative sample of Eastern Finnish men, aged 42--60 years at baseline in the 1980s . They were followed up until the end of 2011 through linkage with the National Death Registry . Four self - administered scales, Bortner Short Rating Scale, Framingham Type A Behavior Pattern Scale, Jenkins Activity Survey, and Finnish Type A Scale, were used for Type A assessment at the start of follow - up . Type A measures were inconsistently associated with cardiovascular mortality, and most associations were non-significant . Some scales suggested slightly decreased, rather than increased, risk of CVD death during the follow - up . Associations with non-cardiovascular deaths were even weaker . The study's findings further suggest that there is no evidence to support the Type A as a risk factor for CVD and non-CVD mortality . </P> <P> Maintaining healthy magnesium (Mg) levels in the body plays a strong role in protecting the cardiovascular health of an individual . An analysis of the literature suggests the possible role of Mg deficiency in the susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases, observed among subjects displaying a type A behavior pattern . Type A subjects are more sensitive to stress and produce more catecholamines than type B subjects . This, in turn, seems to induce an intracellular Mg loss . In the long run, type A individuals would develop a state of Mg deficiency, which may promote a greater sensitivity to stress and, ultimately, lead to the development of cardiovascular problems . </P> <P> In a 1998 study done by Ball et al., they looked at differences in Type A and Type B personalities based on substance use . Their results showed that Type B personalities had more severe issues with substance abuse than Type A personalities . Another discover in their research was more Type B personalities had been diagnosed with a personality disorder than users who had Type A personalities . Type B personalities were rated higher than Type A personalities on symptoms of all DSM - IV personality disorders, with the exception of schizoid personality disorder . </P>

Type b behavior is characteristic of ____ individuals.​