<P> The Radical Republicans were a major factor of the party from its inception in 1854 until the end of the Reconstruction Era in 1877 . The Radicals strongly opposed slavery and later advocated equal rights for the freedmen and women . They were often at odds with the moderate and conservative factions of the party . During the American Civil War, Radical Republicans pressed for abolition as a major war aim and they opposed the moderate Reconstruction plans of Abraham Lincoln as too lenient on the Confederates . After the war's end and Lincoln's assassination, the Radicals clashed with Andrew Johnson over Reconstruction policy . After winning major victories in the 1866 congressional elections, the Radicals took over Reconstruction, pushing through new legislation protecting the civil rights of African Americans . They supported Ulysses S. Grant for President in 1868 and 1872 . However, their influence waned as Democrats retook control in the South and enthusiasm for continued Reconstruction declined . </P> <P> The Stalwarts were a traditionalist faction that existed from the 1860s through the 1880s . They represented "traditional" Republicans who favored machine politics and opposed the civil service reforms of Rutherford B. Hayes and the more progressive Half - Breeds . They declined following the elections of Hayes and James A. Garfield . After Garfield's assassination, his Stalwart Vice President Chester A. Arthur assumed the presidency and rather than pursuing Stalwart goals he took up the reformist cause, which curbed the faction's influence . </P> <P> The Half - Breeds were a reformist faction of the 1870s and 1880s . The name, which originated with rivals claiming they were only "half" Republicans, came to encompass a wide array of figures who did not all get along with each other . Generally speaking, politicians labeled Half - Breeds were moderates or progressives who opposed the machine politics of the Stalwarts and advanced civil services reforms . </P> <P> Historically, the Republican Party included a progressive wing that advocated using government to improve the problems of modern society . Before 1932, leading progressive Republicans included Theodore Roosevelt, Robert M. La Follette Sr., Charles Evans Hughes, Hiram Johnson, William Borah, George W. Norris and Fiorello La Guardia . Prominent liberal Republicans from 1936 to the 1970s included Alf Landon, Wendell Willkie, Earl Warren, Thomas Dewey, Prescott Bush, Nelson Rockefeller, Henry Cabot Lodge Jr., George W. Romney, William Scranton, Charles Mathias, Lowell Weicker and Jacob Javits . Since 1976, liberalism has virtually faded out of the Republican Party, apart from a few Northeastern holdouts . </P>

Which of the following have usually composed the base of the republican party