<P> This page lists foramina that occur in the human body . </P> <P> The human skull has numerous holes (foramina) through which cranial nerves, arteries, veins and other structures pass . These foramina vary in size and number with age . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Bone </Th> <Th> Cranial fossa </Th> <Th> Foramina </Th> <Th> Number </Th> <Th> Vessels </Th> <Th> Nerves </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> frontal </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> supraorbital foramen </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> supraorbital artery, supraorbital vein </Td> <Td> supraorbital nerve </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> frontal </Td> <Td> anterior cranial fossa </Td> <Td> foramen cecum </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> emissary veins to superior sagittal sinus from the upper part of the nose </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ethmoid </Td> <Td> anterior cranial fossa (osama) </Td> <Td> foramina of cribriform plate </Td> <Td> ~ 20 </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> olfactory nerve bundles (I) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ethmoid </Td> <Td> anterior cranial fossa </Td> <Td> anterior ethmoidal foramen </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> anterior ethmoidal artery anterior ethmoidal vein </Td> <Td> anterior ethmoidal nerve </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ethmoid </Td> <Td> anterior cranial fossa </Td> <Td> posterior ethmoidal foramen </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> posterior ethmoidal artery posterior ethmoidal vein </Td> <Td> posterior ethmoidal nerve </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> sphenoid </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> optic canal </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> ophthalmic artery </Td> <Td> optic nerve (II) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> sphenoid </Td> <Td> middle cranial fossa </Td> <Td> superior orbital fissure </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> superior ophthalmic vein </Td> <Td> oculomotor nerve (III) trochlear nerve (IV) lacrimal, frontal and nasociliary branches of ophthalmic nerve (V) abducent nerve (VI) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> sphenoid </Td> <Td> middle cranial fossa </Td> <Td> foramen rotundum </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> maxillary nerve (V) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> maxilla </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> incisive foramen / canal / Stenson / Scarpa </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> terminal branch of palatine descendens artery </Td> <Td> Terminal part of nasopalatine nerve (V2) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> palatine </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> greater palatine foramen </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> greater palatine artery greater palatine vein </Td> <Td> greater palatine nerve </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> palatine and sphenoid </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> foramen sphenopalatinum </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> sphenopalatina artery sphenopalatina vein </Td> <Td> nasopalatine nerve rami nasales posteriores superiores (V2) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> palatine and maxilla </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> lesser palatine foramina </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> lesser palatine artery lesser palatine vein </Td> <Td> lesser palatine nerve, greater palatine nerve </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> sphenoid and maxilla </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> inferior orbital fissure </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> inferior ophthalmic veins infraorbital artery infraorbital vein, tributary of pterygoid plexus </Td> <Td> zygomatic nerve and infraorbital nerve of maxillary nerve (V) orbital branches of pterygopalatine ganglion </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> maxilla </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> infraorbital foramen </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> infraorbital artery infraorbital vein, tributary of pterygoid plexus </Td> <Td> infraorbital nerve </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> sphenoid </Td> <Td> middle cranial fossa </Td> <Td> foramen ovale </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> accessory meningeal artery, emissary vein connecting cavernous sinus with pterygoid plexus </Td> <Td> mandibular nerve (V) lesser petrosal nerve (occasionally) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> sphenoid </Td> <Td> middle cranial fossa </Td> <Td> foramen spinosum </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> middle meningeal artery </Td> <Td> meningeal branch of the mandibular nerve (V) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> sphenoid </Td> <Td> middle cranial fossa </Td> <Td> foramen lacerum </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> artery of pterygoid canal, Meningeal branch of ascending pharyngeal artery, Occipital artery, emissary vein </Td> <Td> nerve of pterygoid canal through its anterior wall . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> temporal </Td> <Td> posterior cranial fossa </Td> <Td> internal acoustic meatus </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> labyrinthine artery </Td> <Td> facial nerve (VII), vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> temporal </Td> <Td> posterior cranial fossa </Td> <Td> jugular foramen </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> internal jugular vein, inferior petrosal sinus, sigmoid sinus, Occipital artery </Td> <Td> glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), vagus nerve (X), accessory nerve (XI) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> occipital </Td> <Td> posterior cranial fossa </Td> <Td> hypoglossal canal </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> hypoglossal nerve (XII) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> occipital </Td> <Td> posterior cranial fossa </Td> <Td> foramen magnum </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> anterior and posterior spinal arteries, vertebral arteries </Td> <Td> lowest part of medulla oblongata, three meninges, ascending spinal fibers of accessory nerve (XI) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> temporal </Td> <Td> posterior cranial fossa </Td> <Td> stylomastoid foramen </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> stylomastoid artery </Td> <Td> facial nerve (VII) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Th> Bone </Th> <Th> Cranial fossa </Th> <Th> Foramina </Th> <Th> Number </Th> <Th> Vessels </Th> <Th> Nerves </Th> </Tr>

Foramina of skull and structures passing through them
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