<P> Visual encoding is the process of encoding images and visual sensory information . This means that people can convert the new information that they stored into mental pictures (Harrison, C., Semin, A., (2009). Psychology . New York p. 222) Visual sensory information is temporarily stored within our iconic memory and working memory before being encoded into permanent long - term storage . Baddeley's model of working memory states that visual information is stored in the visuo - spatial sketchpad . The amygdala is a complex structure that has an important role in visual encoding . It accepts visual input in addition to input from other systems and encodes the positive or negative values of conditioned stimuli . </P> <P> Elaborative encoding is the process of actively relating new information to knowledge that is already in memory . Memories are a combination of old and new information, so the nature of any particular memory depends as much on the old information already in our memories as it does on the new information coming in through our senses . In other words, how we remember something depends on how we think about it at the time . Many studies have shown that long - term retention is greatly enhanced by elaborative encoding . </P> <P> Acoustic encoding is the encoding of auditory impulses . According to Baddeley, processing of auditory information is aided by the concept of the phonological loop, which allows input within our echoic memory to be sub vocally rehearsed in order to facilitate remembering . When we hear any word, we do so by hearing to individual sounds, one at a time . Hence the memory of the beginning of a new word is stored in our echoic memory until the whole sound has been perceived and recognized as a word . Studies indicate that lexical, semantic and phonological factors interact in verbal working memory . The phonological similarity effect (PSE), is modified by word concreteness . This emphasizes that verbal working memory performance cannot exclusively be attributed to phonological or acoustic representation but also includes an interaction of linguistic representation . What remains to be seen is whether linguistic representation is expressed at the time of recall or whether the representational methods used (such as recordings, videos, symbols, etc .) participate in a more fundamental role in encoding and preservation of information in memory . </P> <P> Tactile encoding is the processing and encoding of how something feels, normally through touch . Neurons in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) react to vibrotactile stimuli by activating in synchronisation with each series of vibrations . Odors and tastes may also lead to encode . </P>

Extending the semantic meaning of something you already know refers to