<P> The river is significantly shortened from its natural course due to a number of canalisation projects completed in the 19th and 20th century . The "total length of the Rhine", to the inclusion of Lake Constance and the Alpine Rhine is more difficult to measure objectively; it was cited as 1,232 kilometres (766 miles) by the Dutch Rijkswaterstaat in 2010 . </P> <P> Its course is conventionally divided as follows: </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> length </Th> <Th> section </Th> <Th> avg . discharge </Th> <Th> elevation </Th> <Th> left tributaries (incomplete) </Th> <Th> right tributaries (incomplete) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 76 km </Td> <Td> The various sources and headwaters forming the Anterior and Posterior Rhine within Grisons, Switzerland </Td> <Td> 114 m / s </Td> <Td> 584 m </Td> <Td> Aua Russein, Schmuèr </Td> <Td> Rein da Tuma, Rein da Curnera, Rein da Medel, Rein da Sumvitg (Rein da Vigliuts), Glogn (Valser Rhine), Rabiusa, Rein Posteriur / Hinterrhein (right: Ragn da Ferrera, Albula / Alvra (left: Gelgia; right: Landwasser)) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> c. 90 km </Td> <Td> The Alpine Rhine running through the Grisonian and St. Gall Rhine Valley (partly forming parts of the Liechtenstein - Swiss and Austrian - Swiss border </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 400 m </Td> <Td> Tamina </Td> <Td> Plessur, Landquart, Ill </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> c. 60 km </Td> <Td> Lake Constance, including the short channel called Seerhein at Constance, connecting Obersee and Untersee </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 395 m </Td> <Td> Alter Rhein (Rheintaler Binnenkanal), Goldach </Td> <Td> Dornbirner Ach, Bregenzer Ach, Leiblach, Argen, Schussen, Rotach, Brunnisaach, Lipbach, Seefelder Aach, Radolfzeller Aach </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> c. 150 km </Td> <Td> The High Rhine from the exit of Lake Constance to Basel, forming a substantial part of the German - Swiss border </Td> <Td> 1,300 m / s </Td> <Td> 246 m </Td> <Td> Thur, Töss, Glatt, Aare, Ergolz, Birs </Td> <Td> Wutach </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 362 km </Td> <Td> The Upper Rhine from Basel to Bingen forming the Upper Rhine Plain and in its upper course the Franco - German border </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 79 m </Td> <Td> Ill, Moder, Lauter, Nahe </Td> <Td> Wiese, Elz, Kinzig, Rench, Acher, Murg, Alb, Pfinz, Neckar, Main </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 159 km </Td> <Td> The Middle Rhine between Bingen and either Bonn or Cologne is entirely within Germany, passing the Rhine Gorge; </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 45 m </Td> <Td> Moselle, Nette, Ahr </Td> <Td> Lahn, Wied, Sieg </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 177 km </Td> <Td> The Lower Rhine downstream of Bonn, passing the Lower Rhine region of Northrhine - Westphalia </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 11 m </Td> <Td> Erft </Td> <Td> Wupper, Düssel, Ruhr, Emscher, Lippe </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> c. 50 km </Td> <Td> The Nederrijn or "Nether Rhine" (shortened course of Oude Rijn within the Rhine--Meuse--Scheldt delta in the Netherlands </Td> <Td> 2,900 m / s </Td> <Td> 0 m </Td> <Td> Meuse </Td> <Td> Oude IJssel, Berkel </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Th> length </Th> <Th> section </Th> <Th> avg . discharge </Th> <Th> elevation </Th> <Th> left tributaries (incomplete) </Th> <Th> right tributaries (incomplete) </Th> </Tr>

Where does the rhine river start and stop
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