<Tr> <Td> "</Td> <Td> Every stone bears witness to the moral bankruptcy of the society it encloses </Td> <Td>" </Td> </Tr> <P>--Margaret Thatcher commenting about the wall, West Berlin, 1982 </P> <P> On 6 June 1987, David Bowie, who earlier for several years lived and recorded in West Berlin, played a concert close to the Wall . This was attended by thousands of Eastern concertgoers across the Wall, followed by violent rioting in East Berlin . According to Tobias Ruther, these protests in East Berlin were the first in the sequence of riots that led to those of November 1989 . Although other factors were probably more influential in the fall of the Wall, on his death, the German Foreign Office tweeted "Good - bye, David Bowie . You are now among #Heroes . Thank you for helping to bring down the #wall ." </P> <P> On 19 July 1988, 16 months before the Wall came down, Bruce Springsteen and the E-Street Band, played Rocking the Wall, a live concert in East Berlin, which was attended by 300,000 in person and broadcast delayed on television . Springsteen spoke to the crowd in German, saying: "I'm not here for or against any government . I've come to play rock' n' roll for you in the hope that one day all the barriers will be torn down". East Germany and its FDJ youth organization were worried they were losing an entire generation . They hoped that by letting Springsteen in, they could improve their sentiment among East Germans . However, this strategy of "one step backwards, two steps forwards" backfired and the concert only made East Germans hungrier for more of the freedoms that Springsteen epitomized . While John F. Kennedy and Ronald Reagan delivered their famous speeches from the safety of West Berlin, Springsteen's speaking out against the Wall in the middle of East Berlin added to the euphoria . </P>

Who ordered the berlin wall to be torn down