<P> Although parts of Europe aside from the north remained wooded, by the Roman Iron and early Viking Ages, forests were drastically reduced and settlements regularly moved . The reasons for this pattern of mobility, the transition to stable settlements from the late Viking period on, or the transition from shifting cultivation to stationary farming are unknown . From this period, plows are found in graves . Early agricultural peoples preferred good forests on hillsides with good drainage, and traces of cattle enclosures are evident there . </P> <P> In Italy, shifting cultivation was a thing of the past by the birth of Christ . Tacitus describes it as a strange cultivation method, practiced by the Germans . In 98 AD, he wrote about the Germans that their fields were proportional to the participating cultivators but their crops were shared according to status . Distribution was simple, because of wide availability; they changed fields annually, with much to spare because they were producing grain rather than other crops . According to the original text, "Agri pro numero cultorum ab universis in vices occupantur, quos mox inter se secundum dignationem partiuntur, facilitatem partiendi camporum spatia praestant . Arva per annos mutant, et superest ager; nec enim cum ubertate et amplitudine soli labore contendunt, ut pomaria conserant et prata separent et hortos rigent; sola terrae seges imperatur ." This is the practice of shifting cultivation . </P> <P> During the Migration Period in Europe, after the Roman Empire and before the Viking Age, the peoples of Central Europe moved to new forests after exhausting old parcels . Forests were quickly exhausted; the practice had ended in the Mediterranean, where forests were less resilient than the sturdier coniferous forests of Central Europe . Deforestation had been partially caused by burning to create pasture . Reduced timber delivery led to higher prices and more stone construction in the Roman Empire (Stewart 1956, p. 123). Although forests gradually decreased in northern Europe, they have survived in the Nordic countries . </P> <P> Tribes in pre-Roman Italy (including the Etruscans, Umbrians, Ligurians, Sabines, Latins, Campanians, Apulians, Saliscans, and Sabellians) apparently lived in temporary locations . They cultivated small patches of land, kept sheep and cattle, traded with foreign merchants, and occasionally fought . These Italic groups developed identities as settlers and warriors around 900 BC . They built forts in the mountains which are studied today, as are the ruins of a large Samnite temple and theater at Pietrabbondante . </P>

Which of the following is not typically part of the cultivation practices of amazonian societies