<P> The origins of European engagement in marriage practice is found in the Jewish law (Torah), first exemplified by Abraham, and outlined in the last Talmudic tractate of the Nashim (Women) order, where marriage consists of two separate acts, called erusin (or kiddushin, meaning sanctification), which is the betrothal ceremony, and nissu'in or chupah, the actual ceremony for the marriage . Erusin changes the couple's interpersonal status, while nissu'in brings about the legal consequences of the change of status . (However, in the Talmud and other sources of Jewish law there is also a process, called kiddushin, corresponding to what today is called engagement . Marrying without such an agreement is considered immoral . To complicate matters, erusin in modern Hebrew means engagement, not betrothal .) </P> <P> This was later adopted in Ancient Greece as the gamos and engeysis rituals, although unlike in Judaism the contract made in front of witness was only verbal . The giving of a ring was eventually borrowed from Judaism by Roman marriage law, with the fiancé presenting it after swearing the oath of marriage intent, and presenting of the gifts at the engagement party . </P> <P> Betrothal (also called espousal) is a formal state of engagement to be married . </P> <P> In Jewish weddings during Talmudic times (c. 1st century BC--6th century AD), the two ceremonies of betrothal (erusin) and wedding usually took place up to a year apart; the bride lived with her parents until the actual marriage ceremony (nissuin), which would take place in a room or tent that the groom had set up for her . Since the Middle Ages the two ceremonies have taken place as a combined ceremony performed in public . The betrothal is now generally part of the Jewish wedding ceremony, accomplished when the groom gives the bride the ring or another object of at least nominal value . As mentioned above, betrothal in Judaism is separate from engagement; breaking a betrothal requires a formal divorce, and violation of betrothal is considered adultery . </P>

This refers to an old ritual of formalizing an engagement to marry