<P> Addams was elected president of the International Committee of Women for a Permanent Peace, established to continue the work of the Hague Congress; at a conference in 1919 in Zurich, Switzerland, the International Committee developed into the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF). Addams continued as president, a position that entailed frequent travel to Europe and Asia . </P> <P> In 1917 she became also a member of the Fellowship of Reconciliation USA (American branch of the International Fellowship of Reconciliation founded in 1919) and was a member of the Fellowship Council until 1933 . When the US joined the war, in 1917, Addams started to be strongly criticized . She faced increasingly harsh rebukes and criticism as a pacifist . Her 1915 speech on pacifism at Carnegie Hall received negative coverage by newspapers such as The New York Times, which branded her as unpatriotic . Later, during her travels, she spent time meeting with a wide variety of diplomats and civic leaders and reiterating her Victorian belief in women's special mission to preserve peace . Recognition of these efforts came with the award of the Nobel Peace Prize to Addams in 1931 . As the first U.S. woman to win the prize, Addams was applauded for her "expression of an essentially American democracy ." She donated her share of the prize money to the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom . </P> <P> Addams was a major synthesizing figure in the domestic and international peace movements, serving as both a figurehead and leading theoretician; she was influenced especially by Russian novelist Leo Tolstoy and by the pragmatism of philosophers John Dewey and George Herbert Mead . She envisioned democracy, social justice and peace as mutually reinforcing; they all had to advance together to achieve any one . Addams became an anti-war activist from 1899, as part of the anti-imperialist movement that followed the Spanish--American War . Her book Newer Ideals of Peace (1907) reshaped the peace movement worldwide to include ideals of social justice . She recruited social justice reformers like Alice Hamilton, Lillian Wald, Florence Kelley, and Emily Greene Balch to join her in the new international women's peace movement after 1914 . Addams's work came to fruition after World War I, when major institutional bodies began to link peace with social justice and probe the underlying causes of war and conflict . </P> <P> In 1899 and 1907 world leaders sought peace by convening an innovative and influential peace conference at The Hague . These conferences produced Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 . A 1914 conference was canceled due to World War I . The void was filled by an unofficial conference convened by Women at the Hague . At the time, both the US and The Netherlands were neutral . Jane Addams chaired this pathbreaking International Congress of Women at the Hague, which included almost twelve hundred participants from 12 warring and neutral countries . Their goal was to develop a framework to end the violence of war . Both national and international political systems excluded women's voices . The women delegates argued that the exclusion of women from policy discourse and decisions around war, and peace resulted in flaw policy . The delegates adopted a series of resolutions addressing these problems and called for extending the franchise and women's meaningful inclusion in formal international peace processes at war's end . Following the conference Addams and a congressional delegation traveled throughout Europe meeting with leaders, citizen groups, and wounded soldiers from both sides . Her leadership during the conference and her travels to the Capitals of the war - torn regions were cited in nominations for the Nobel Peace Prize . </P>

Which organization helped to establish the first course of instruction in social work education