<P> Peace negotiations at the Congress of Paris resulted in the signing of the Treaty of Paris on 30 March 1856 . In compliance with article III, Russia restored to the Ottoman Empire the city and citadel of Kars in common with "all other parts of the Ottoman territory of which the Russian troop were in possession". Russia returned the Budjak, in Bessarabia, back to Moldavia . By article IV Britain, France, Sardinia and Turkey restored to Russia "the towns and ports of Sevastopol, Balaklava, Kamish, Eupatoria, Kerch, Jenikale, Kinburn as well as all other territories occupied by the allied troops". In conformity with article XI and XIII, the Tsar and the Sultan agreed not to establish any naval or military arsenal on the Black Sea coast . The Black Sea clauses weakened Russia, and it no longer posed a naval threat to the Ottomans . The principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia were nominally returned to the Ottoman Empire; in practice they became independent . The Great Powers pledged to respect the independence and territorial integrity of the Ottoman Empire . </P> <P> Some members of the Russian intelligentsia saw defeat as a pressure to modernise their society . Grand Duke Constantine (son of the Tsar) remarked that, </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> "</Td> <Td> We cannot deceive ourselves any longer; we must say that we are both weaker and poorer than the first - class powers, and furthermore poorer not only in material terms but in mental resources, especially in matters of administration . </Td> <Td>" </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Td> "</Td> <Td> We cannot deceive ourselves any longer; we must say that we are both weaker and poorer than the first - class powers, and furthermore poorer not only in material terms but in mental resources, especially in matters of administration . </Td> <Td>" </Td> </Tr>

Where did most of the battles of the war occur