<Ul> <Li> A "sentential" stage, said to occur before the early preoperational stage, has been proposed by Fischer, Biggs and Biggs, Commons, and Richards . </Li> <Li> Searching for a micro-physiological basis for human mental capacity, Robert R. Traill (1978, Section C5. 4; 1999, Section 8.4) proposed that there may be "pre-sensorimotor" stages ("M L", "M L", ...), which are developed in the womb and / or transmitted genetically . </Li> <Li> Jerome Bruner has expressed views on cognitive development in a "pragmatic orientation" in which humans actively use knowledge for practical applications, such as problem solving and understanding reality . </Li> <Li> Michael Lamport Commons proposed the model of hierarchical complexity (MHC) in two dimensions: horizontal complexity and vertical complexity (Commons & Richards, 2003, p. 205). </Li> <Li> Kieran Egan has proposed five stages of understanding: "somatic", "mythic", "romantic", "philosophic", and "ironic", which is developed through cognitive tools such as "stories", "binary oppositions", "fantasy" and "rhyme, rhythm, and meter" to enhance memorization to develop a long - lasting learning capacity . </Li> <Li> Lawrence Kohlberg developed three stages of moral development: "Preconventional", "Conventional" and "Postconventional". Each level is composed of two orientation stages, with a total of six orientation stages: (1) "Punishment - Obedience", (2) "Instrumental Relativist", (3) "Good Boy - Nice Girl", (4) "Law and Order", (5) "Social Contract", and (6) "Universal Ethical Principle". </Li> <Li> Andreas Demetriou has expressed neo-Piagetian theories of cognitive development . </Li> <Li> Jane Loevinger's stages of ego development occur through "an evolution of stages". "First is the Presocial Stage followed by the Symbiotic Stage, Impulsive Stage, Self - Protective Stage, Conformist Stage, Self - Aware Level: Transition from Conformist to Conscientious Stage, Individualistic Level: Transition from Conscientious to the Autonomous Stage, Conformist Stage, and Integrated Stage". </Li> <Li> Ken Wilber has incorporated Piaget's theory in his multidisciplinary field of integral theory . The human consciousness is structured in hierarchical order and organized in "holon" chains or "great chain of being", which are based on the level of spiritual and psychological development . </Li> </Ul> <Li> A "sentential" stage, said to occur before the early preoperational stage, has been proposed by Fischer, Biggs and Biggs, Commons, and Richards . </Li> <Li> Searching for a micro-physiological basis for human mental capacity, Robert R. Traill (1978, Section C5. 4; 1999, Section 8.4) proposed that there may be "pre-sensorimotor" stages ("M L", "M L", ...), which are developed in the womb and / or transmitted genetically . </Li> <Li> Jerome Bruner has expressed views on cognitive development in a "pragmatic orientation" in which humans actively use knowledge for practical applications, such as problem solving and understanding reality . </Li>

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