<P> According to the Mishnah Hillel went to Jerusalem with the intention of studying biblical exposition and tradition at the age of 40 in 70 BCE . The difficulties Hillel had to overcome to gain admittance to the school of Sh'maya and Abtalion, and the hardships he suffered while pursuing his aim, are told in a passage (Talmud, tractate Yoma 35b), the ultimate purpose of which is to show that poverty cannot be considered an obstacle to the study of Torah . Some time later, Hillel succeeded in settling a question concerning the sacrificial ritual in a manner that showed his superiority over the Benei Betheira (literally, sons of Betheira), who were at that time the heads of the Sanhedrin . On that occasion, it is narrated, they voluntarily resigned their position as Nasi (President) in favor of Hillel . After the resignation of the Benei Betheira, Hillel was recognized as the highest authority among the Pharisees (predecessors to Rabbinic Judaism). Hillel was the head of the great school, at first associated with Menahem the Essene, who might be the same Menahem the Essene as the one mentioned by Flavius Josephus in relation to King Herod, afterward with Shammai, Hillel's peer in the teaching of Jewish Law . </P> <P> Whatever Hillel's position, his authority was sufficient to introduce those decrees handed down in his name . The most famous of his enactments was the Prozbul (possibly from the Greek προσβολή, prosbolḗ = "delivery"), an institution that, in spite of the law concerning cancellation of debts in the Sabbatical year (Deut . xv) ensured the repayment of loans . The motive for this institution was the "repair of the world", i.e., of the social order, because this legal innovation protected both the creditor against the loss of his property, and the needy against being refused the loan of money for fear of loss . A likewise tendency is found in another of Hillel's institutions, having reference to the sale of houses . These two are the only institutions handed down in Hillel's name, although the words that introduce the prozbul show that there were others . Hillel's judicial activity may be inferred from the decision by which he confirmed the legitimacy of some Alexandrians whose origin was disputed, by interpreting the marriage document (ketubah) of their mother in her favour (Tosef., Ket . iv 9; B.M. 104a). Of other official acts no mention is found in the sources . </P> <P> Some of Hillel the Elder's teachings remain commonly known . However, at least two other notable Hillels came after him, and some scholars have suggested that some sayings attributed to "Hillel" may have originated from them . </P> <P> The saying of Hillel that introduces the collection of his maxims in the Mishnaic treatise Pirkei Avoth mentions Aaron HaKohen (the high priest) as the great model to be imitated in his love of peace, in his love of man, and in his leading mankind to a knowledge of the Law (Pirkei Avoth 1: 12). In mentioning these characteristics, which the Haggadah attributes to Moses' brother, Hillel stated his own prominent virtues . He considered "love of man" the kernel of Jewish teaching . </P>

If not now when and if not me who