<P> The high mountain ranges produced by continental collisions are immediately subjected to the forces of erosion . Erosion wears down the mountains and massive piles of sediment are developed in adjacent ocean margins, shallow seas, and as continental deposits . As these sediment piles are buried deeper they become lithified into sedimentary rock . The metamorphic, igneous, and sedimentary rocks of the mountains become the new piles of sediments in the adjoining basins and eventually become sedimentary rock . </P> <P> The plate tectonics rock cycle is an evolutionary process . Magma generation, both in the spreading ridge environment and within the wedge above a subduction zone, favors the eruption of the more silicic and volatile rich fraction of the crustal or upper mantle material . This lower density material tends to stay within the crust and not be subducted back into the mantle . The magmatic aspects of plate tectonics tends to gradual segregation within or between the mantle and crust . As magma forms, the initial melt is composed of the more silicic phases that have a lower melting point . This leads to partial melting and further segregation of the lithosphere . In addition the silicic continental crust is relatively buoyant and is not normally subducted back into the mantle . So over time the continental masses grow larger and larger . </P> <P> The presence of abundant water on Earth is of great importance for the rock cycle . Most obvious perhaps are the water driven processes of weathering and erosion . Water in the form of precipitation and acidic soil water and groundwater is quite effective at dissolving minerals and rocks, especially those igneous and metamorphic rocks and marine sedimentary rocks that are unstable under near surface and atmospheric conditions . The water carries away the ions dissolved in solution and the broken down fragments that are the products of weathering . Running water carries vast amounts of sediment in rivers back to the ocean and inland basins . The accumulated and buried sediments are converted back into rock . </P> <P> A less obvious role of water is in the metamorphism processes that occur in fresh seafloor volcanic rocks as seawater, sometimes heated, flows through the fractures and crevices in the rock . All of these processes, illustrated by serpentinization, are an important part of the destruction of volcanic rock . </P>

Which of the following steps is the first step in the process of the chemical weathering of rock