<P> There is a growing body of research applying the sociology of emotion to understanding the learning experiences of students during classroom interactions with teachers and other students (for example, Milne & Otieno, 2007; Olitsky, 2007; Tobin, et al., 2013; Zembylas, 2002). These studies show that learning subjects like science can be understood in terms of classroom interaction rituals that generate emotional energy and collective states of emotional arousal like emotional climate . </P> <P> Apart from interaction ritual traditions of the sociology of emotion, other approaches have been classed into one of 6 other categories (Turner, 2009) including: </P> <Ol> <Li> evolutionary / biological theories, </Li> <Li> symbolic interactionist theories, </Li> <Li> dramaturgical theories, </Li> <Li> ritual theories, </Li> <Li> power and status theories, </Li> <Li> stratification theories, and </Li> <Li> exchange theories . </Li> </Ol> <Li> evolutionary / biological theories, </Li>

Which of the following is not one of the 10 basic emotions