<P> However, automation has led to the types of manufacturing that requires fewer workers even with advanced skills . That is why job gains in manufacture in Rust Belt have not been nearly enough to keep pace with lay - offs . As a result, middle class incomes and savings in the Rustbelt states continue to be negatively impacted . </P> <P> Delving into the past and musing on the future of Rustbelt states, the Brookings Institution report suggests that the Great Lakes region has a sizable potential for transformation, citing already existing global trade networks, clean energy / low carbon capacity, developed innovation infrastructure and higher educational network . </P> <P> The following regions, areas, and city are known to have some similarities to the rust belt in the United States: </P> <Ul> <Li> Northern England--another former industrial centre which began declining in the 1980s </Li> <Li> Southern Ontario - Canadian counterpart, the Canadian Rust belt does not include Toronto and Ottawa </Li> <Li> Ruhr Area, Germany </Li> <Li> Bergslagen, Sweden </Li> <Li> Nord - Pas - de-Calais, France </Li> <Li> Northeast China--a former centre of heavy industry that declined for other reasons </Li> <Li> Steel crisis </Li> <Li> Mindanao, Philippines </Li> <Li> Donbass - region in Eastern Ukraine </Li> </Ul>

Which of the following groups of american cities is part of the rust belt