<P> The United States originally used horse - powered machinery for small scale applications such as grain milling, but eventually switched to water power after textile factories began being built in the 1790s . As a result, industrialisation was concentrated in New England and the Northeastern United States, which has fast - moving rivers . The newer water - powered production lines proved more economical than horse - drawn production . In the late 19th century steam - powered manufacturing overtook water - powered manufacturing, allowing the industry to spread to the Midwest . </P> <P> Thomas Somers and the Cabot Brothers founded the Beverly Cotton Manufactory in 1787, the first cotton mill in America, the largest cotton mill of its era, and a significant milestone in the research and development of cotton mills in the future . This mill was designed to use horse power, but the operators quickly learned that the horse - drawn platform was economically unstable, and had economic losses for years . Despite the losses, the Manufactory served as a playground of innovation, both in turning a large amount of cotton, but also developing the water - powered milling structure used in Slater's Mill . </P> <P> In 1793, Samuel Slater (1768--1835) founded the Slater Mill at Pawtucket, Rhode Island . He had learned of the new textile technologies as a boy apprentice in Derbyshire, England, and defied laws against the emigration of skilled workers by leaving for New York in 1789, hoping to make money with his knowledge . After founding Slater's Mill, he went on to own 13 textile mills . Daniel Day established a wool carding mill in the Blackstone Valley at Uxbridge, Massachusetts in 1809, the third woollen mill established in the US (The first was in Hartford, Connecticut, and the second at Watertown, Massachusetts .) The John H. Chafee Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor retraces the history of "America's Hardest - Working River', the Blackstone . The Blackstone River and its tributaries, which cover more than 45 miles (72 km) from Worcester, Massachusetts to Providence, Rhode Island, was the birthplace of America's Industrial Revolution . At its peak over 1100 mills operated in this valley, including Slater's mill, and with it the earliest beginnings of America's Industrial and Technological Development . </P> <P> Merchant Francis Cabot Lowell from Newburyport, Massachusetts memorised the design of textile machines on his tour of British factories in 1810 . Realising that the War of 1812 had ruined his import business but that a demand for domestic finished cloth was emerging in America, on his return to the United States, he set up the Boston Manufacturing Company . Lowell and his partners built America's second cotton - to - cloth textile mill at Waltham, Massachusetts, second to the Beverly Cotton Manufactory . After his death in 1817, his associates built America's first planned factory town, which they named after him . This enterprise was capitalised in a public stock offering, one of the first uses of it in the United States . Lowell, Massachusetts, using 5.6 miles (9.0 km) of canals and 10,000 horsepower delivered by the Merrimack River, is considered by some as a major contributor to the success of the American Industrial Revolution . The short - lived utopia - like Waltham - Lowell system was formed, as a direct response to the poor working conditions in Britain . However, by 1850, especially following the Irish Potato Famine, the system had been replaced by poor immigrant labour . </P>

When was the start of the industrial revolution in america
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