<P> In 1987, a committee chaired by Professor Stephen J. Williams made further small changes . The conventions established by these committees are not adhered to by all modern writers . </P> <P> "N" and "S" indicate variants specific to the northern and southern dialects of Welsh . Throughout Wales an alternative system is also in use in which all consonant letters are named using the corresponding consonant sound plus a schwa (e.g. cy / kə / for èc). In this system the vowels are named as below . </P> <Dl> <Dd> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Letter </Th> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> Corresponding sounds </Th> <Th> English approximation </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> / a, ɑː / </Td> <Td> cat (short) / father (long) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> bi </Td> <Td> / b / </Td> <Td> bat </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> ec </Td> <Td> / k / </Td> <Td> case </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ch </Td> <Td> èch </Td> <Td> / χ / </Td> <Td> loch (Scottish) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> d </Td> <Td> di </Td> <Td> / d / </Td> <Td> day </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> dd </Td> <Td> èdd </Td> <Td> / ð / </Td> <Td> this </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> / ɛ, eː / </Td> <Td> bed (short) / closest to hey (long) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> f </Td> <Td> èf </Td> <Td> / v / </Td> <Td> vat </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ff </Td> <Td> èff </Td> <Td> / f / </Td> <Td> four </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> g </Td> <Td> èg </Td> <Td> / ɡ / </Td> <Td> gate </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ng </Td> <Td> èng </Td> <Td> / ŋ / </Td> <Td> thing </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> h </Td> <Td> aets </Td> <Td> / h / </Td> <Td> hat </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> i </Td> <Td> i, i dot (S) </Td> <Td> / ɪ, iː, j / </Td> <Td> bit (short) / machine (long) / yes (as consonant; before vowels) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> j </Td> <Td> je </Td> <Td> / d͡ʒ / </Td> <Td> jump </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> l </Td> <Td> el </Td> <Td> / l / </Td> <Td> lad </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ll </Td> <Td> èll </Td> <Td> / ɬ / </Td> <Td> not present in English; a voiceless alveolar lateral fricative . A bit like what the consonant cluster "hl" would sound like . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> m </Td> <Td> em </Td> <Td> / m / </Td> <Td> mat </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> n </Td> <Td> en </Td> <Td> / n / </Td> <Td> net </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> o </Td> <Td> o </Td> <Td> / ɔ, oː / </Td> <Td> Short, like "bog" in RP; long like stove in Scottish English, North Central American English and Standard Canadian English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> p </Td> <Td> pi </Td> <Td> / p / </Td> <Td> pet </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ph </Td> <Td> ffi </Td> <Td> / f / </Td> <Td> phone </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> r </Td> <Td> er </Td> <Td> / r / </Td> <Td> rat (trilled) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> rh </Td> <Td> rhi </Td> <Td> / r̥ / </Td> <Td> pray (trilled): an unvoiced (r) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> s </Td> <Td> ès </Td> <Td> / s / </Td> <Td> sat </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> ti </Td> <Td> / t / </Td> <Td> tan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> th </Td> <Td> èth </Td> <Td> / θ / </Td> <Td> thin </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> u </Td> <Td> u (N), u bedol (S) </Td> <Td> / ɨ̞, ɨː / (N), / ɪ, iː / (S) </Td> <Td> for Southern variants: bit (short) / machine (long); in Northern dialects / ɨ̞, ɨː / not found in English . Identical to "î" and "â" in Romanian, and similar to the "e" in English roses . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> w </Td> <Td> w </Td> <Td> / ʊ, uː, w / </Td> <Td> book (short) / pool (long) / wet (as consonant) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> y </Td> <Td> ỳ </Td> <Td> / ɨ̞, ɨː, ə / (N), / ɪ, iː, ə, əː / (S) </Td> <Td> for Southern variants: bit (final syllable, short) / machine (final syllable, long) above (other places, short) / roses / ɨ̞, ɨː /, found in certain dialects of English that differentiate "Rosa's" and "roses", for example, General American . </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Dd> </Dl> <Dd> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Letter </Th> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> Corresponding sounds </Th> <Th> English approximation </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> / a, ɑː / </Td> <Td> cat (short) / father (long) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> bi </Td> <Td> / b / </Td> <Td> bat </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> ec </Td> <Td> / k / </Td> <Td> case </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ch </Td> <Td> èch </Td> <Td> / χ / </Td> <Td> loch (Scottish) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> d </Td> <Td> di </Td> <Td> / d / </Td> <Td> day </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> dd </Td> <Td> èdd </Td> <Td> / ð / </Td> <Td> this </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> / ɛ, eː / </Td> <Td> bed (short) / closest to hey (long) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> f </Td> <Td> èf </Td> <Td> / v / </Td> <Td> vat </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ff </Td> <Td> èff </Td> <Td> / f / </Td> <Td> four </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> g </Td> <Td> èg </Td> <Td> / ɡ / </Td> <Td> gate </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ng </Td> <Td> èng </Td> <Td> / ŋ / </Td> <Td> thing </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> h </Td> <Td> aets </Td> <Td> / h / </Td> <Td> hat </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> i </Td> <Td> i, i dot (S) </Td> <Td> / ɪ, iː, j / </Td> <Td> bit (short) / machine (long) / yes (as consonant; before vowels) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> j </Td> <Td> je </Td> <Td> / d͡ʒ / </Td> <Td> jump </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> l </Td> <Td> el </Td> <Td> / l / </Td> <Td> lad </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ll </Td> <Td> èll </Td> <Td> / ɬ / </Td> <Td> not present in English; a voiceless alveolar lateral fricative . A bit like what the consonant cluster "hl" would sound like . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> m </Td> <Td> em </Td> <Td> / m / </Td> <Td> mat </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> n </Td> <Td> en </Td> <Td> / n / </Td> <Td> net </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> o </Td> <Td> o </Td> <Td> / ɔ, oː / </Td> <Td> Short, like "bog" in RP; long like stove in Scottish English, North Central American English and Standard Canadian English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> p </Td> <Td> pi </Td> <Td> / p / </Td> <Td> pet </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ph </Td> <Td> ffi </Td> <Td> / f / </Td> <Td> phone </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> r </Td> <Td> er </Td> <Td> / r / </Td> <Td> rat (trilled) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> rh </Td> <Td> rhi </Td> <Td> / r̥ / </Td> <Td> pray (trilled): an unvoiced (r) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> s </Td> <Td> ès </Td> <Td> / s / </Td> <Td> sat </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> ti </Td> <Td> / t / </Td> <Td> tan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> th </Td> <Td> èth </Td> <Td> / θ / </Td> <Td> thin </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> u </Td> <Td> u (N), u bedol (S) </Td> <Td> / ɨ̞, ɨː / (N), / ɪ, iː / (S) </Td> <Td> for Southern variants: bit (short) / machine (long); in Northern dialects / ɨ̞, ɨː / not found in English . Identical to "î" and "â" in Romanian, and similar to the "e" in English roses . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> w </Td> <Td> w </Td> <Td> / ʊ, uː, w / </Td> <Td> book (short) / pool (long) / wet (as consonant) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> y </Td> <Td> ỳ </Td> <Td> / ɨ̞, ɨː, ə / (N), / ɪ, iː, ə, əː / (S) </Td> <Td> for Southern variants: bit (final syllable, short) / machine (final syllable, long) above (other places, short) / roses / ɨ̞, ɨː /, found in certain dialects of English that differentiate "Rosa's" and "roses", for example, General American . </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Dd>

When was j added to the welsh alphabet