<P> Being able to join optical fibers with low loss is important in fiber optic communication . This is more complex than joining electrical wire or cable and involves careful cleaving of the fibers, precise alignment of the fiber cores, and the coupling of these aligned cores . For applications that demand a permanent connection a fusion splice is common . In this technique, an electric arc is used to melt the ends of the fibers together . Another common technique is a mechanical splice, where the ends of the fibers are held in contact by mechanical force . Temporary or semi-permanent connections are made by means of specialized optical fiber connectors . </P> <P> The field of applied science and engineering concerned with the design and application of optical fibers is known as fiber optics . The term was coined by Indian physicist Narinder Singh Kapany, who is widely acknowledged as the father of fiber optics . </P> <P> Guiding of light by refraction, the principle that makes fiber optics possible, was first demonstrated by Daniel Colladon and Jacques Babinet in Paris in the early 1840s . John Tyndall included a demonstration of it in his public lectures in London, 12 years later . Tyndall also wrote about the property of total internal reflection in an introductory book about the nature of light in 1870: </P> <P> When the light passes from air into water, the refracted ray is bent towards the perpendicular...When the ray passes from water to air it is bent from the perpendicular...If the angle which the ray in water encloses with the perpendicular to the surface be greater than 48 degrees, the ray will not quit the water at all: it will be totally reflected at the surface...The angle which marks the limit where total reflection begins is called the limiting angle of the medium . For water this angle is 48 ° 27 ′, for flint glass it is 38 ° 41 ′, while for diamond it is 23 ° 42 ′ . </P>

Prepare a report about various uses of optical fibres in our daily life