<Tr> <Th> Name Reign </Th> <Th> Portrait </Th> <Th> Arms </Th> <Th> Birth </Th> <Th> Marriage (s) Issue </Th> <Th> Death </Th> <Th> Claim </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> James I 24 March 1603--27 March 1625 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 19 June 1566 Edinburgh Castle Son of Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley and Mary, Queen of Scots </Td> <Td> Anne of Denmark Oslo 23 November 1589 seven children </Td> <Td> 27 March 1625 Theobalds House Aged 58 </Td> <Td> Great - great - grandson and heir general of Henry VII </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Charles I 27 March 1625--30 January 1649 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 19 November 1600 Dunfermline Palace Son of James I and Anne of Denmark </Td> <Td> Henrietta Maria of France St Augustine's Abbey 13 June 1625 nine children </Td> <Td> 30 January 1649 Whitehall Palace Aged 48 (beheaded) </Td> <Td> Son of James I (cognatic primogeniture) </Td> </Tr> <P> No monarch reigned between the execution of Charles I in 1649 and the Restoration of Charles II in 1660 . Between 1649 and 1653, there was no single English head of state, as England was ruled directly by the Rump Parliament with the English Council of State acting as executive power during a period known as the Commonwealth of England . After a coup d'etat in 1653, Oliver Cromwell forcibly took control of England from Parliament . He dissolved the Rump Parliament at the head of a military force and England entered a period known as The Protectorate, under the direct control of a single individual known as the Lord Protector . While not officially monarchs, the holder of the office of Lord passed from Oliver Cromwell to his son Richard . Richard lacked both the ability to rule and confidence of the Army, and he was forcibly removed by the English Committee of Safety under the leadership of Charles Fleetwood in May 1659 . England again lacked any single head of state during several months of conflict between Fleetwood's party and that of George Monck . Monck took control of the country in December 1659, and after almost a year of anarchy, the monarchy was formally restored when Charles II returned from France to accept the throne of England following the Declaration of Breda and an invitation to reclaim the throne from the Convention Parliament of 1660 . </P>

Royal line of kings and queens of england