<P> Several historians have spotlighted consistent examples in the public record of Wilson's overtly racist policies and political appointments, such as segregationists he placed in his cabinet . According to scholars, Wilson believed that slavery was wrong on economic labor grounds, rather than for moral reasons . They also argue that he idealized the slavery system in the South, viewing masters as patient with "indolent" (i.e. lazy) slaves . In terms of Reconstruction, Wilson held the common southern view that the South was demoralized by Northern carpetbaggers and that overreach on the part of the Radical Republicans justified extreme measures to reassert Democratic national and state governments . </P> <P> While president of Princeton University, Wilson had discouraged blacks from applying for admission, preferring to keep the peace among white students and alumni . Wilson's History of the American People (1901) dismissed lynchings committed by the Ku Klux Klan of the late 1860s as a lawless reaction to a lawless period . The President defended them, writing that "(the Klan) began to attempt by intimidation what they were not allowed to attempt by the ballot or by any ordered course of public action". </P> <P> Wilson's War Department drafted hundreds of thousands of blacks into the army, giving them equal pay with whites, but in accord with military policy from the Civil War through the Second World War, kept them in all - black units with white officers, and kept the great majority out of combat . When a delegation of blacks protested the discriminatory actions, Wilson told them "segregation is not a humiliation but a benefit, and ought to be so regarded by you gentlemen ." In 1918, W.E.B. Du Bois--a leader of the NAACP who had campaigned for Wilson believing he was a "liberal southerner"--was offered an Army commission in charge of dealing with race relations; DuBois accepted, but he failed his Army physical and did not serve . By 1916, Du Bois opposed Wilson, charging that his first term had seen "the worst attempt at Jim Crow legislation and discrimination in civil service that (blacks) had experienced since the Civil War ." </P> <P> Cabinet heads appointed by President Wilson re-segregated restrooms and cafeterias in their buildings . During Wilson's presidency, the film The Birth of a Nation (1915) became the first motion picture to be in screened in the White House . The film, while revolutionary in its cinematic technique, glorified the Ku Klux Klan and portrayed blacks as uncouth and uncivilized . After seeing the film, Wilson felt betrayed by his old friend Thomas Dixon Jr., who wrote two books the movie was based on, and did not like or endorse the film; he tried to stop its showing during the World War . Biographer Cooper rejects the claim first made in 1937 by a magazine writer who said that Wilson remarked: "It is like writing history with lightning, and my only regret is that it is all so terribly true"; an eye witness reports that Wilson said nothing . During Wilson's term, segregation was ordered in the Washington offices of the Navy, the Treasury, and the Postmaster General . Then suddenly, photographs became required for all new federal job applicants . After black leaders pressed him, President Wilson explained he was trying to "reduce friction," and that he "sincerely believe (d) it to be in their interest ." </P>

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