<P> It is difficult to pin down exact dates for the beginning and end of Italian reunification, but most scholars agree that it began with the end of Napoleonic rule and the Congress of Vienna in 1815, and approximately ended with the Franco - Prussian War in 1871, though the last "città irredente" did not join the Kingdom of Italy until the Italian victory in World War I . </P> <P> As Napoleon's reign began to fail, other national monarchs he had installed tried to keep their thrones by feeding those nationalistic sentiments, setting the stage for the revolutions to come . Among these monarchs were the viceroy of Italy, Eugène de Beauharnais, who tried to get Austrian approval for his succession to the Kingdom of Italy, and Joachim Murat, who called for Italian patriots' help for the unification of Italy under his rule . Following the defeat of Napoleonic France, the Congress of Vienna (1815) was convened to redraw the European continent . In Italy, the Congress restored the pre-Napoleonic patchwork of independent governments, either directly ruled or strongly influenced by the prevailing European powers, particularly Austria . </P> <P> In 1820, Spaniards successfully revolted over disputes about their Constitution, which influenced the development of a similar movement in Italy . Inspired by the Spaniards (who, in 1812, had created their constitution), a regiment in the army of the Kingdom of Two Sicilies, commanded by Guglielmo Pepe, a Carbonaro (member of the secret republican organization), mutinied, conquering the peninsular part of Two Sicilies . The king, Ferdinand I, agreed to enact a new constitution . The revolutionaries, though, failed to court popular support and fell to Austrian troops of the Holy Alliance . Ferdinand abolished the constitution and began systematically persecuting known revolutionaries . Many supporters of revolution in Sicily, including the scholar Michele Amari, were forced into exile during the decades that followed . </P> <P> The leader of the 1821 revolutionary movement in Piedmont was Santorre di Santarosa, who wanted to remove the Austrians and unify Italy under the House of Savoy . The Piedmont revolt started in Alessandria, where troops adopted the green, white, and red tricolore of the Cisalpine Republic . The king's regent, prince Charles Albert, acting while the king Charles Felix was away, approved a new constitution to appease the revolutionaries, but when the king returned he disavowed the constitution and requested assistance from the Holy Alliance . Di Santarosa's troops were defeated, and the would - be Piedmontese revolutionary fled to Paris . </P>

List three reasons why italy was the home of the early renaissance