<P> Some examples include: (a) a violinist demonstrating through audition skill with music; (b) a professor submits school transcripts to demonstrate discipline expertise; (c) a bricklayer relies on 20 + years of experience to prove expertise . Some pitfalls can emerge when too heavy a reliance is made on expertise; these include: (a) sometimes inferences are made suggesting expertise is wider in scope than it actually is; for example, an expert in antique vases may have little expertise in antique lamps; (b) one's expertise is not everlasting; for example, a physician who fails to keep up with medical technology and advances may lose expertise; and (c) expertise does not necessarily carry with it common sense or ethical judgement . </P> <P> French and Raven's original five powers brought about change after many years, by which Raven added a sixth base of power . Informational is the ability of an agent of influence to bring about change through the resource of information . Raven arguably believed that power as a potential influence logically meant that information was a form of influence and the social power base of Information Power was derived . Informational influence results in cognition and acceptance by the target of influence . The ability for altered behavior initiated through information rather than a specific change agent is called socially independent change . In order to establish Information Power, an agent of influence would likely provide a baseline of information to a target of influence to lay the groundwork in order to be effective with future persuasion . A link between informational power, control, cooperation, and satisfaction have been hypothesized and tested in a lab study . The findings indicate that a channel member's control over another's strategy increases with its informational power source . According to Raven, there will be more use of Information power if the motive is a need for achievement and can also be affected by an agent's self - esteem . Feldman summarizes informational power as the most transitory type of power . If one gives information away, then the power is given away, which differs from other forms of power because it's grounded in what you know about the content of a specific situation . Other forms of power are independent of the content . </P> <P> Information power comes as a result of possessing knowledge that others need or want . In the age of Information technology, information power is increasingly relevant as an abundance of information is readily available . There may be a cost - benefit analysis by an agent of influence to determine if Information Power or influence is the best strategy . Informational influence or persuasion would generally be favorable however it may not be best suited if timing and effort lacks . Information possessed that no one needs or wants is powerless . Information power extends to the ability to get information not presently held such as a case with a librarian or data base manager . Not all information is readily available; some information is closely controlled by few people . Examples of information that is sensitive or limits accessibility: (a) national security data; (b) personnel information for government or business; (c) corporate trade secrets; (d) juvenile court records; (e) many privately settled lawsuit documents; (f) Swiss bank account owners; and (g) private phone conversations . Of course, legally obtained phone tap warrants, spying, eavesdropping, group and group member leaks can allow others not intended to be privy to information . Possessing information is not, typically, the vital act; it is what one can and does do or potentially can do with the information that typically is of vital importance . Information can, and often is, used as a weapon as in a divorce, a child custody case, business dissolution, or in civil suits discoveries . Information has been used by some to extort action, utterance, agreement, or settlement by others . </P> <P> Information power is a form of personal or collective power that is based on controlling information needed by others in order to reach an important goal . Our society is now reliant on information power as knowledge for influence, decision making, credibility, and control . Timely and relevant information delivered on demand can be the most influential way to acquire power . Information may be readily available through public records, research, and but information is sometimes assumed privileged or confidential . The target of influence accepts, comprehends and internalizes the change independently, without have to go back to the influencing agent . </P>

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