<P> In Texas, the state's Court of Criminal Appeals hears criminal appeals and has sole authority to grant the writ of habeas corpus to a person who has been convicted of a felony, but the Texas Supreme Court also hears appeals in juvenile delinquency matters in additional to civil cases as conventionally defined . Although juvenile cases fall under the Texas Family Code and are classified as civil proceedings, they are "quasi-criminal" in nature . In re M.A.F., 966 S.W. 2d 448, 450 (Tex. 1998); see In re L.D.C., 400 S.W. 3d 572, 574 (Tex . Crim . App . 2013). </P> <P> Although Delaware has a specialized court, the Court of Chancery, which hears cases in equity and many disputes involving corporate governance because many corporations chose to incorporate in Delaware regardless of where in the United States their operations and head office may be located, it is not a supreme court because the Delaware Supreme Court has appellate jurisdiction over it . </P> <P> The official names of state supreme courts vary, as do the titles of its members, which can cause confusion between jurisdictions because one state may use a name for its highest court that another uses for a lower court . In New York, Maryland, and the District of Columbia the highest court is called the Court of Appeals, a name used by many states for their intermediate appellate courts . Further, trial courts of general jurisdiction in New York are called the Supreme Court, and the intermediate appellate court is called the Supreme Court, Appellate Division . In West Virginia, the highest court of the state is the Supreme Court of Appeals . In Maine and Massachusetts the highest court is styled the "Supreme Judicial Court"; the last is the oldest appellate court of continuous operation in the Western Hemisphere . Even within the same jurisdiction, the titles for judicial officeholders can cause confusion . In Texas the members of the Supreme Court and of the 14 intermediate courts of appeals are Justices, while the members of the Court of Criminal Appeals carry the title Judge, which is also used generically . Judges at the lowest trial - court level are called Justices of the Peace or JPs . </P> <P> The Roman law and the Corpus Juris Civilis are generally held to be the historical model for civil law . From the late 18th century onwards, civil law jurisdictions began to codify their laws, most of all in civil codes . </P>

Blank courts often go by names like superior court circuit court or even district court