<P> Global human rights standards were challenged at the World Conference on Human Rights in Vienna (1993) when a number of governments (prominently China, Indonesia, Malaysia and Iran) raised serious objections to the idea of universal human rights . There are unresolved tensions between "universalistic" and "relativistic" approaches in the establishment of standards and strategies designed to prevent or overcome the abuse of children's capacity to work . </P> <P> Some scholars link slavery and slavery - like practices for many child marriages . Child marriage as slavery is not directly addressed by the Convention on the Rights of the Child . </P> <P> Currently 196 countries are parties to the treaty (some with stated reservations or interpretations). This includes every member of the United Nations (except the United States), plus the Cook Islands, Niue, the State of Palestine, and the Holy See . The United States has not ratified it . South Sudan did not sign the convention, however ratification was complete in January 2015 . Somalia's domestic ratification finished in January 2015 and the instrument was deposited with the United Nations in October 2015 . </P> <P> All successor states of Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia, and Slovakia) made declarations of succession to the treaty and currently apply it . </P>

Convention on the rights of the child signatory countries
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