<Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . (November 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) </Td> </Tr> <P> By the early 1830s, the Mexican War of Independence had subsided, and some 60 to 70 families had settled in Texas--most of them from the United States . Because there was no regular army to protect the citizens against attacks by native tribes and bandits, in 1823, Stephen F. Austin organized small, informal armed groups whose duties required them to range over the countryside, and who thus came to be known as "rangers". Around August 4, 1823, Austin wrote that he would "...employ ten men...to act as rangers for the common defense...the wages I will give said ten men is fifteen dollars a month payable in property ..." John Jackson Tumlinson Sr., the first alcalde of the Colorado district, is considered by many historians of the Texas Rangers to be the first killed in the line of duty . While there is some discussion as to when Austin actually employed men as "rangers", Texas Ranger lore dates the anniversary year of their organization to this event . </P> <P> However, the Texas Rangers were not formally constituted until 1835 . Austin returned to Texas after having been imprisoned in Mexico City and helped organize a council to govern the group . On October 17, at a consultation of the Provisional Government of Texas, Daniel Parker proposed a resolution to establish the Texas Rangers . He proposed creating three companies that would total some 60 men and would be known by "uniforms" consisting of a light duster (clothing) and an identification badge made from a Mexican Peso . They were instituted by Texan lawmakers on November 24 . On November 28, 1835 Robert McAlpin Williamson was chosen to be the first Major of the Texas Rangers . Within two years the Rangers grew to more than 300 men . </P> <P> In their early days, Rangers performed tasks of protecting the Texas Frontier against Indian attacks on the settlers . During the Texas Revolution, they served mainly as scouts, spies, couriers, and guides for the settlers fleeing before the Mexican Army and performed rear guard during the Runaway Scrape and general support duties . These minor roles continued after independence, when the region became the Republic of Texas under President Sam Houston . Houston, who had lived with the Cherokee for many years (and who had taken a Cherokee wife), favored peaceful coexistence with Indians, a policy that left little space for a force with the Rangers' characteristics . </P>

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