<P> While most of the Northeastern United States lie in the Appalachian Highlands physiographic region, some are also part of the Atlantic coastal plain which extends south to the southern tip of Florida . The coastal plain areas (including Cape Cod in Massachusetts, Long Island in New York, most of New Jersey, Delaware, and the Chesapeake Bay region of Maryland) are generally low and flat, with sandy soil and marshy land . The highlands, including the Piedmont and the Appalachian Mountains, are generally heavily forested, ranging from rolling hills to summits greater than 5,000 feet (1,500 m), and pocked with many lakes . The highest peak in the Northeast is Mount Washington (New Hampshire), at 6,288 feet (1,917 m). </P> <P> As of 2007, forest - use covered approximately 60% of the Northeastern states (including Delaware, Maryland, and the District of Columbia), about twice the national average . About 12% was cropland and another 4% grassland pasture or range . There is also more urbanized land in the Northeast (11%) than any other region in the U.S. </P> <P> The climate of the Northeastern United States varies from northernmost New England in Maine to southernmost New Jersey and Pennsylvania . The climate of the region is created by the position of the general west to east flow of weather in the middle latitudes that much of the central and northern USA is controlled by . Summers are normally warm in northern areas to hot in southern areas, while in winter the subtropical high Bermuda High retreats eastward, and the prevailing westerly flow of air masses combines with the polar jet stream to bring cold and frequent storm systems to the region . Annual mean temperatures range from the low 50s F from northern Maryland to southern Connecticut, to the 40s F in most of New York State, New England, and northern Pennsylvania . </P> <P> The Northeast has 72 National Wildlife Refuges, encompassing more than 500,000 acres (780 sq mi; 2,000 km) of habitat, and designed to protect some of the 92 different threatened and endangered species living in the region . </P>

Climate for the northeast region of the united states
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