<P> This phenomenon is explained by the pattern of colonization of the United States . Sparsely populated interior of the country allowed ample room to accommodate all the "excess" people, counteracting mechanisms (spread of communicable diseases due to overcrowding, low real wages and insufficient calories per capita due to the limited amount of available agricultural land) which led to high mortality in the Old World . With low mortality but stage 1 birth rates, the United States necessarily experienced exponential population growth (from less than 4 million people in 1790, to 23 million in 1850, to 76 million in 1900 .) </P> <P> The only area where this pattern did not hold was the American South . High prevalence of deadly endemic diseases such as malaria kept mortality as high as 45 - 50 per 1000 residents per year in 18th century North Carolina . In New Orleans, mortality remained so high (mainly due to yellow fever) that the city was characterized as the "death capital of the United States" - at the level of 50 per 1000 population or higher - well into the second half of the 19th century . </P> <P> Today, the U.S. is recognized as having both low fertility and mortality rates . Specifically, birth rates stand at 14 per 1000 per year and death rates at 8 per 1000 per year . </P> <P> It must be remembered that the DTM is only a model and cannot necessarily predict the future . It does however give an indication of what the future birth and death rates may be for an underdeveloped country, together with the total population size . Most particularly, of course, the DTM makes no comment on change in population due to migration . It is not applicable for high levels of development, as it has been shown that after a HDI of 0.9 the fertility increases again . </P>

What stage is america in the demographic transition model
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