<P> The residents had one year to choose whether they wanted American or Mexican citizenship; Over 90% chose American citizenship . The others returned to Mexico (where they received land), or in some cases in New Mexico were allowed to remain in place as Mexican citizens . </P> <P> Article XII engaged the United States to pay, "In consideration of the extension acquired", 15 million dollars (equivalent to $420 million today), in annual installments of 3 million dollars . </P> <P> Article XI of the treaty was important to Mexico . It provided that the United States would prevent and punish raids by Indians into Mexico, prohibited Americans from acquiring property, including livestock, taken by the Indians in those raids, and stated that the U.S. would return captives of the Indians to Mexico . Mexicans believed that the United States had encouraged and assisted the Comanche and Apache raids that had devastated northern Mexico in the years before the war . This article promised relief to them . </P> <P> Article XI, however, proved unenforceable . Destructive Indian raids continued despite a heavy U.S. presence near the Mexican border . Mexico filed 366 claims with the U.S. government for damages done by Comanche and Apache raids between 1848 and 1853 . In 1853, in the Treaty of Mesilla concluding the Gadsden Purchase, Article XI was annulled . </P>

1848 united states and mexico sign treaty of guadalupe hidalgo