<P> James Harrison's first mechanical ice - making machine began operation in 1851 on the banks of the Barwon River at Rocky Point in Geelong (Australia). His first commercial ice - making machine followed in 1853, and his patent for an ether vapor compression refrigeration system was granted in 1855 . This novel system used a compressor to force the refrigeration gas to pass through a condenser, where it cooled down and liquefied . The liquefied gas then circulated through the refrigeration coils and vaporized again, cooling down the surrounding system . The machine produced 3,000 kilograms of ice per day . </P> <P> Though Harrison had commercial success establishing a second ice company back in Sydney in 1860, he later entered the debate over how to compete against the American advantage of ice refrigerated beef sales to the United Kingdom . He wrote: "Fresh meat frozen and packed as if for a voyage, so that the refrigerating process may be continued for any required period", and in 1873 prepared the sailing ship Norfolk for an experimental beef shipment to the United Kingdom . His choice of a cold room system instead of installing a refrigeration system upon the ship itself proved disastrous when the ice was consumed faster than expected . </P> <P> In 1902, the first modern electrical air conditioning unit was invented by Willis Carrier in Buffalo, New York . After graduating from Cornell University, Carrier found a job at the Buffalo Forge Company . While there, he began experimenting with air conditioning as a way to solve an application problem for the Sackett - Wilhelms Lithographing and Publishing Company in Brooklyn, New York . The first air conditioner, designed and built in Buffalo by Carrier, began working on 17 July 1902 . </P> <P> Designed to improve manufacturing process control in a printing plant, Carrier's invention controlled not only temperature but also humidity . Carrier used his knowledge of the heating of objects with steam and reversed the process . Instead of sending air through hot coils, he sent it through cold coils (filled with cold water). The air was cooled, and thereby the amount of moisture in the air could be controlled, which in turn made the humidity in the room controllable . The controlled temperature and humidity helped maintain consistent paper dimensions and ink alignment . Later, Carrier's technology was applied to increase productivity in the workplace, and The Carrier Air Conditioning Company of America was formed to meet rising demand . Over time, air conditioning came to be used to improve comfort in homes and automobiles as well . Residential sales expanded dramatically in the 1950s . </P>

Who is regarded as the inventor of the air conditioner