<P> Near the Renaissance, which began around the 14th century, Buridanus and Oresmius wrote on money . In the 15th century St. Atonine of Florence wrote of a comprehensive economic process . In the 16th century Leonard de Leys (Lessius), Juan de Lego, and particularly Luis Molina wrote on economic topics . These writers focused on explaining property as something for "public good". </P> <P> Representative figures of the 17th century include David Hartley, Hugo Grotius, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Samuel von Putendorf . Thomas Hobbes argued that deductive reasoning from axioms created a scientific framework, and hence his Leviathan was a scientific description of a political commonwealth . In the 18th century, social science was called moral philosophy, as contrasted from natural philosophy and mathematics, and included the study of natural theology, natural ethics, natural jurisprudence, and policy ("police"), which included economics and finance ("revenue"). Pure philosophy, logic, literature, and history were outside these two categories . Adam Smith was a professor of moral philosophy, and he was taught by Francis Hutcheson . Figures of the time included François Quesnay, Rousseau, Giambattista Vico, William Godwin, Gabriel Bonnet de Mably, and Andre Morellet . The Encyclopédie of the time contained various works on the social sciences . </P> <P> This unity of science as descriptive remains, for example, in the time of Thomas Hobbes who argued that deductive reasoning from axioms created a scientific framework, and hence his Leviathan was a scientific description of a political commonwealth . What would happen within decades of his work was a revolution in what constituted "science", particularly the work of Isaac Newton in physics . Newton, by revolutionizing what was then called "natural philosophy", changed the basic framework by which individuals understood what was "scientific". </P> <P> While he was merely the archetype of an accelerating trend, the important distinction is that for Newton, the mathematical flowed from a presumed reality independent of the observer, and working by its own rules . For philosophers of the same period, mathematical expression of philosophical ideals was taken to be symbolic of natural human relationships as well: the same laws moved physical and spiritual reality . For examples see Blaise Pascal, Gottfried Leibniz and Johannes Kepler, each of whom took mathematical examples as models for human behavior directly . In Pascal's case, the famous wager; for Leibniz, the invention of binary computation; and for Kepler, the intervention of angels to guide the planets (citation needed). </P>

Who formulated the concept of social system in the 18th century