<Tr> <Th> Ratifiers </Th> <Td> 111 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol at Wikisource </Td> </Tr> <P> The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty which extends the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, based on the scientific consensus that (part one) global warming is occurring and (part two) it is extremely likely that human - made CO emissions have predominantly caused it . The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan on 11 December 1997 and entered into force on 16 February 2005 . There are currently 192 parties (Canada withdrew effective December 2012) to the Protocol . </P> <P> The Kyoto Protocol implemented the objective of the UNFCCC to fight global warming by reducing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere to "a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system" (Article 2). The Protocol is based on the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities: it puts the obligation to reduce current emissions on developed countries on the basis that they are historically responsible for the current levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere . </P>

When did the kyoto protocol came into force