<P> John F. Mitchell, Motorola's chief of portable communication products and Cooper's boss in 1973, played a key role in advancing the development of handheld mobile telephone equipment . Mitchell successfully pushed Motorola to develop wireless communication products that would be small enough to use anywhere and participated in the design of the cellular phone . </P> <P> Newer technology has been developed and rolled out in a series of waves or generations . The "generation" terminology only became widely used when 3G was launched, but is now used retroactively when referring to the earlier systems . </P> <P> First automatic analogue cellular systems deployed were NTT's system first used in Tokyo in 1979, later spreading to the whole of Japan, and NMT in the Nordic countries in 1981 . </P> <P> The first analogue cellular system widely deployed in North America was the Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS). It was commercially introduced in the Americas in 13 October 1983, Israel in 1986, and Australia in 1987 . AMPS was a pioneering technology that helped drive mass market usage of cellular technology, but it had several serious issues by modern standards . It was unencrypted and easily vulnerable to eavesdropping via a scanner; it was susceptible to cell phone "cloning" and it used a Frequency - division multiple access (FDMA) scheme and required significant amounts of wireless spectrum to support . </P>

When were cell phones introduced in the united states