<P> The Muslim League slowly rose to mass popularity in the 1930s amid fears of under - representation and neglect of Muslims in politics . In his presidential address of 29 December 1930, Allama Iqbal called for "the amalgamation of North - West Muslim - majority Indian states" consisting of Punjab, North - West Frontier Province, Sindh, and Balochistan . The perceived neglect of muslim interests by Congress led provincial governments during the period of 1937--39 convinced Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan to espouse the two - nation theory and led the Muslim League to adopt the Lahore Resolution of 1940, popularly known as the Pakistan Resolution . In World War II, Jinnah and British - educated founding fathers in the Muslim League supported the United Kingdom's war efforts, countering opposition against it whilst working towards Sir Syed's vision . </P> <P> The 1946 elections resulted in the Muslim League winning 90 percent of the seats reserved for Muslims . Thus, the 1946 election was effectively a plebiscite in which the Indian Muslims were to vote on the creation of Pakistan, a plebiscite won by the Muslim League . This victory was assisted by the support given to the Muslim League by the rural peasantry of Bengal as well as the support of the landowners of Sindh and Punjab . The Congress, which initially denied the Muslim League's claim of being the sole representative of Indian Muslims, was now forced to recognise the fact . The British had no alternative except to take Jinnah's views into account as he had emerged as the sole spokesperson of India's Muslims . However, the British did not want India to be partitioned, and in one last effort to prevent it they devised the Cabinet Mission plan . </P> <P> As the cabinet mission failed, the British government announced its intention to end the British Raj in India in 1946--47 . Nationalists in British India--including Jawaharlal Nehru and Abul Kalam Azad of Congress, Jinnah of the All - India Muslim League, and Master Tara Singh representing the Sikhs--agreed to the proposed terms of transfer of power and independence in June 1947 with the Viceroy of India, Lord Mountbatten of Burma . As the United Kingdom agreed to the partitioning of India in 1947, the modern state of Pakistan was established on 14 August 1947 (27th of Ramadan in 1366 of the Islamic Calendar), amalgamating the Muslim - majority eastern and northwestern regions of British India . It comprised the provinces of Balochistan, East Bengal, the North - West Frontier Province, West Punjab, and Sindh . </P> <P> In the riots that accompanied the partition in Punjab Province, it is believed that between 200,000 and 2,000,000 people were killed in what some have described as a retributive genocide between the religions while 50,000 Muslim women were abducted and raped by Hindu and Sikh men and 33,000 Hindu and Sikh women also experienced the same fate at the hands of Muslims . Around 6.5 million Muslims moved from India to West Pakistan and 4.7 million Hindus and Sikhs moved from West Pakistan to India . It was the largest mass migration in human history . Dispute over Jammu and Kashmir led to the First Kashmir War in 1948 . </P>

When was the country of pakistan formed and why
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