<P> "One will find then find that Ottoman industry was not a "dying, unadaptive, unevolving sector ..." </P> <P> (but) vital, creative, evolving and diverse". </P> <P> Over the 19th century, a shift occurred to rural female labour with guild organized urban - based male labour less important . The global markets for Ottoman goods fell somewhat with certain sectors expanding . However, any changes were compensated by an increase in domestic consumption and demand . Mechanized production even at its peak remained an insignificant portion of total output . The lack of capital, as in other areas of the economy, deterred the mechanization of production . Nonetheless, a number of factories did emerge in Istanbul, Ottoman Europe and Anatolia . In the 1830s steam powered silk reeling factories emerged in Salonica, Edirne, West Anatolia and the Lebanon . </P> <P> Under the late 18th century fine textiles, hand - made yarns and leathers were in high demand outside the empire . However, these declined by the early 19th century and half a century later production for export re-emerged in the form of raw silk and oriental carpets . The two industries alone employed 100,000 persons in 1914 two - thirds in carpet - making for European and American buyers . Most workers were women and girls, receiving wages that were amongst the lowest in the manufacturing sector . Much of the manufacturing shifted to the urban areas during the 18th century, in order to benefit from the lower rural costs and wages . </P>

The most noticeable change in the manufacturing sector of the ottoman empire in the 19th century was