<Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . (December 2006) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . (December 2006) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) </Td> </Tr> <P> The operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) is an amplifier whose differential input voltage produces an output current . Thus, it is a voltage controlled current source (VCCS). There is usually an additional input for a current to control the amplifier's transconductance . The OTA is similar to a standard operational amplifier in that it has a high impedance differential input stage and that it may be used with negative feedback . </P> <P> The first commercially available integrated circuit units were produced by RCA in 1969 (before being acquired by General Electric), in the form of the CA3080 (discontinued product) and they have been improved since that time . Although most units are constructed with bipolar transistors, field effect transistor units are also produced . The OTA is not as useful by itself in the vast majority of standard op - amp functions as the ordinary op - amp because its output is a current . One of its principal uses is in implementing electronically controlled applications such as variable frequency oscillators and filters and variable gain amplifier stages which are more difficult to implement with standard op - amps . </P>

In a transconductance amplifier it is desirable to have