<P> Ronald Inglehart and Christian Welzel (2009) contend that the realization of democracy is not based solely on an expressed desire for that form of government, but democracies are born as a result of the admixture of certain social and cultural factors . They argue the ideal social and cultural conditions for the foundation of a democracy are born of significant modernization and economic development that result in mass political participation . </P> <P> Peerenboom (2008) explores the relationships among democracy, the rule of law and their relationship to wealth by pointing to examples of Asian countries, such as Taiwan and South Korea, which have successfully democratized only after economic growth reached relatively high levels and to examples of countries such as the Philippines, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Thailand, Indonesia and India, which sought to democratize at lower levels of wealth but have not done as well . </P> <P> Adam Przeworski and others have challenged Lipset's argument . They say political regimes do not transition to democracy as per capita incomes rise . Rather, democratic transitions occur randomly, but once there, countries with higher levels of gross domestic product per capita remain democratic . Epstein et al. (2006) retest the modernization hypothesis using new data, new techniques, and a three - way, rather than dichotomous, classification of regimes . Contrary to Przeworski, this study finds that the modernization hypothesis stands up well . Partial democracies emerge as among the most important and least understood regime types . </P> <P> Highly contentious is the idea that modernization implies more human rights, with China in the 21st century being a major test case . </P>

Define modernization and analyze the process of modernization in india