<P> Although conservatives opposed attempts to allow greater representation of the middle class in parliament, in 1834 they conceded that electoral reform could not be reversed and promised to support further reforms so long as they did not erode the institutions of church and state . These new principles were presented in the Tamworth Manifesto of 1834, which historians regard as the basic statement of the beliefs of the new Conservative Party . </P> <P> Some conservatives lamented the passing of a pastoral world where the ethos of noblesse oblige had promoted respect from the lower classes . They saw the Anglican Church and the aristocracy as balances against commercial wealth . They worked toward legislation for improved working conditions and urban housing . This viewpoint would later be called Tory Democracy . However, since Burke there has always been tension between traditional aristocratic conservatism and the wealthy business class . </P> <P> In 1834, Tory Prime Minister Robert Peel issued the Tamworth Manifesto in which he pledged to endorse moderate political reform . This marked the beginning of the transformation of British conservatism from High Tory reactionism towards a more modern form based on "conservation". The party became known as the Conservative Party as a result, a name it has retained to this day . Peel, however, would also be the root of a split in the party between the traditional Tories (led by the Earl of Derby and Benjamin Disraeli) and the' Peelites' (led first by Peel himself, then by the Earl of Aberdeen). The split occurred in 1846 over the issue of free trade, which Peel supported, versus protectionism, supported by Derby . The majority of the party sided with Derby, whilst about a third split away, eventually merging with the Whigs and the radicals to form the Liberal Party . Despite the split, the mainstream Conservative Party accepted the doctrine of free trade in 1852 . </P> <P> In the second half of the 19th century, the Liberal Party faced political schisms, especially over Irish Home Rule . Leader William Gladstone (himself a former Peelite) sought to give Ireland a degree of autonomy, a move that elements in both the left and right wings of his party opposed . These split off to become the Liberal Unionists (led by Joseph Chamberlain), forming a coalition with the Conservatives before merging with them in 1912 . The Liberal Unionist influence dragged the Conservative Party towards the left; Conservative governments passing a number of progressive reforms at the turn of the 20th century . By the late 19th century the traditional business supporters of the UK Liberal Party had joined the Conservatives, making them the party of business and commerce . </P>

Who is an example of a justice who is considered to be conservative