<Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan="2"> Birmingham campaign </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> Part of the Civil Rights Movement </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> High school students are hit by a high - pressure water jet from a fire hose during a peaceful walk in Birmingham, Alabama in 1963 . As photographed by Charles Moore, images like this one, printed in Life, inspired international support for the demonstrators . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> April 3--May 10 1963 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Birmingham, Alabama and Kelly Ingram Park </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Caused by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Racial segregation in public accommodations </Li> <Li> Racial discrimination in employment </Li> <Li> Browder v. Gayle (1956) </Li> <Li> Failed ACMHR campaign in Birmingham bus boycott </Li> <Li> Failed SCLC campaign in Albany Movement </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Resulted in </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Outbreak of mass demonstrations throughout United States </Li> <Li> Catalyst to Civil Rights Address delivered by John F. Kennedy </Li> <Li> Call for a March on Washington </Li> <Li> Catalyst to pass Civil Rights Act of 1964 </Li> <Li> Martin Luther King Jr. writes Letter from Birmingham Jail </Li> <Li> Increased attention towards racial segregation in southern United States </Li> <Li> Burnished Martin Luther King Jr.'s reputation </Li> <Li> Ousted Eugene "Bull" Connor from his public office </Li> <Li> Forced desegregation in Birmingham </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan="2"> Parties to the civil conflict </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights (ACMHR) </Li> <Li> Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> City Commission of Birmingham <Ul> <Li> Birmingham Police Department </Li> <Li> Birmingham Fire Department </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Birmingham Chamber of Commerce </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan="2"> Lead figures </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <P> ACMHR member </P> <Ul> <Li> Rev. Fred Shuttlesworth </Li> </Ul> <P> SCLC members </P> <Ul> <Li> Martin Luther King Jr . </Li> <Li> James Bevel </Li> <Li> Wyatt Tee Walker </Li> <Li> Dorothy Cotton </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <P> City Commission </P> <Ul> <Li> President (mayor) <Ul> <Li> Art Hanes (1961--1963) </Li> <Li> Albert Boutwell (1963--1967) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Eugene "Bull" Connor, Commissioner of Public Safety </Li> <Li> J.T. Waggoner, Sr., Commissioner of Public Improvements </Li> </Ul> <P> Chamber of Commerce </P> <Ul> <Li> Sydney "Sid" Smyer, president </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan="2"> Birmingham campaign </Th> </Tr>

When did the birmingham campaign start and end
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