<Tr> <Th> Result </Th> <Td> Rebellion struck down </Td> </Tr> <P> The German revolutions of 1848--49 (German: Deutsche Revolution 1848 / 1849), the opening phase of which was also called the March Revolution (German: Märzrevolution), were initially part of the Revolutions of 1848 that broke out in many European countries . They were a series of loosely coordinated protests and rebellions in the states of the German Confederation, including the Austrian Empire . The revolutions, which stressed pan-Germanism, demonstrated popular discontent with the traditional, largely autocratic political structure of the thirty - nine independent states of the Confederation that inherited the German territory of the former Holy Roman Empire . </P> <P> The middle - class elements were committed to liberal principles, while the working class sought radical improvements to their working and living conditions . As the middle class and working class components of the Revolution split, the conservative aristocracy defeated it . Liberals were forced into exile to escape political persecution, where they became known as Forty - Eighters . Many emigrated to the United States, settling from Wisconsin to Texas . </P> <P> The groundwork of the 1848 uprising was laid as early as the Hambacher Fest of 1832, when public unrest began to grow in the face of heavy taxation and political censorship . The Hambacher Fest is also noteworthy for the Republicans adopting the black - red - gold colours used on today's national flag of Germany as a symbol of the Republican movement and of the unity among the German - speaking people . </P>

Why did the revolutions of 1848-49 fail to produce a united german state
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