<P> King Charles II granted the land for the Pennsylvania Colony to William Penn on March 4, 1681 as payment for a debt the crown owed his family . Penn wrote the Frame of Government of Pennsylvania before departing for the colony, which called for religious tolerance towards many groups, including the Religious Society of Friends and local natives . As a proprietary colony, Penn governed Pennsylvania, yet its citizens were still subject to the English crown and laws . Penn's cousin William Markham served as the first colonial deputy governor . </P> <P> Demarcated by the 42nd parallel north and 39th parallel north, Pennsylvania was bordered by the Delaware River and the colonies of New York, Maryland, and New Jersey . In 1704, Dutch land given to Penn by the Duke of York was separated and once again became part of the Delaware Colony . From 1692 to 1694, revolution in England deprived Penn of the governance of his colony . The Pennsylvania Assembly took this opportunity to request expanded power for elected officials, led by David Lloyd . Upon visiting the colony in 1669 and 1701, Penn eventually agreed to allow their Charter of Privileges to be added to the constitution . When the British banned western expansion in 1764, fighting among colonists and against the natives swelled . In 1773, Arthur St. Clair ordered the arrest of a Virginian officer who was commanding troops against armed settlers loyal to Pennsylvania . Pennsylvanian revolutionary sentiment continued to grow, and Philadelphia, the largest city in America, soon became the meeting place of the Continental Congress . The publication of the Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776 by locally elected revolutionaries concluded the history of the Colony, and began the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania . </P> <P> The first Dutch settlements in the New York area appeared around 1613 . The English captured the New Netherland Colony from the Dutch in 1664, renaming it the Province of New York after the King's brother, the Duke of York (later King James II). The Dutch recaptured the colony in July 1673 during the Third Anglo - Dutch War, but gave it back to the English under the Treaty of Westminster in exchange for Suriname . The Duke of York never governed the colony himself: he instead appointed governors, councils, and other officers to run the government . Richard Nicolls served as the first governor of New York . </P> <P> In 1665, the Province of New Jersey split from New York; however, the New York - New Jersey Line War continued until the final borders were decided in 1769, and approved by the legislatures and the King in 1772 and 1773 respectively . A Colonial Assembly convened in October 1683, making New York the last colony to have an assembly . A constitution was drafted and passed on October 30, 1683, giving the colonists many rights, including the rights to no taxation without representation . However, upon learning of the constitution, James II declared it void . </P>

Who founded each colony in the middle colonies and for what reason