<P> Tenth - or eleventh - century fragments of mouse bone found in Madeira, along with mitocondrial DNA of Madeiran mice, suggests that Vikings also came to Madeira (bringing mice with them), long before the island was colonised by Portugual . </P> <P> Quite extensive evidence for minor Viking raids in Iberia continues for the early eleventh century in later narratives (including some Icelandic sagas) and in northern Iberian charters . As the Viking Age drew to a close, Scandinavians and Normans continued to have opportunities to visit and raid Iberia while on their way to the Holy Land for pilgrimage or crusade, or in connection with Norman conquests in the Mediterranean . Key examples in the saga literature are Sigurðr Jórsalafari (king of Norway 1103 - 1130) and Røgnvaldr kali Kolsson (d . 1158). </P> <P> Around 860, Ermentarius of Noirmoutier and the Annals of St - Bertin provide contemporary evidence for Vikings based in Frankia proceeding to Iberia and thence to Italy . </P> <P> Three or four eleventh - century Swedish Runestones mention Italy, memorialising warriors who died in' Langbarðaland', the Old Norse name for southern Italy (Langobardia Minor). It seems clear that rather than being Normans, these men were Varangian mercenaries fighting for Byzantium . Varangians may first have been deployed as mercenaries in Italy against the Arabs as early as 936 . </P>

Where did vikings settle and what changes did they bring to these areas