<P> During the crossing, Winthrop preached a sermon entitled "A Model of Christian Charity", in which he told his followers that they had entered a covenant with God according to which he would cause them to prosper if they maintained their commitment to God . In doing so, their new colony would become a "City upon a Hill", meaning that they would be a model to all the nations of Europe as to what a properly reformed Christian commonwealth should look like . </P> <P> Most of the Puritans who emigrated settled in the New England area . However, the Great Migration of Puritans was relatively short - lived and not as large as is often believed . It began in earnest in 1629 with the founding of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, and ended in 1642 with the start of the English Civil War, when King Charles I effectively shut off emigration to the colonies . Emigration was officially restricted to conforming churchmen in December 1634 by his Privy Council . From 1629 through 1643, approximately 21,000 Puritans immigrated to New England . </P> <P> The Great Migration of Puritans to New England was primarily an exodus of families . Between 1630 and 1640, over 13,000 men, women, and children sailed to Massachusetts . The religious and political factors behind the Great Migration influenced the demographics of the emigrants . Groups of young men seeking economic success predominated the Virginia colonies, whereas Puritan ships were laden with "ordinary" people, old and young, families as well as individuals . Just a quarter of the emigrants were in their twenties when they boarded ship in the 1630s, making young adults a minority in New England settlements . The New World Puritan population was more of a cross section in age of English population than those of other colonies . This meant that the Massachusetts Bay Colony retained a relatively normal population composition . In the colony of Virginia, the ratio of colonist men to women was 4: 1 in early decades and at least 2: 1 in later decades, and only limited intermarriage took place with Indian women . By contrast, nearly half of the Puritan immigrants to the New World were women, and there was very little intermarriage with Indians . The majority of families who traveled to Massachusetts Bay were families in progress, with parents who were not yet through with their reproductive years and whose continued fertility made New England's population growth possible . The women who emigrated were critical agents in the success of the establishment and maintenance of the Puritan colonies in North America . Success in the early colonial economy depended largely on labor, which was conducted by members of Puritan families . </P> <P> The struggle between the assertive Church of England and various Presbyterian and Puritan groups extended throughout the English realm in the 17th Century, prompting not only the re-emigration of British Protestants from Ireland to North America (the so - called Scotch - Irish), but prompting emigration from Bermuda, England's second - oldest overseas territory . Roughly 10,000 Bermudians emigrated before US Independence . Most of these went to the American colonies, founding, or contributing to settlements throughout the South, especially . Many had also gone to the Bahamas, where a number of Bermudian Independent Puritan families, under the leadership of William Sayle, had established the colony of Eleuthera in 1648 . </P>

Where were the pilgrims originally bound a. pennsylvania b. massachusetts c. virginia d. new york