<P> In Canada, as in the United Kingdom, constable is the lowest rank in most police services, including the Royal Canadian Mounted Police . In Newfoundland the provincial police are the Royal Newfoundland Constabulary whereby all officers are addressed by the term "constable ." In addition, the chief officers of some municipal police services in Canada, notably Vancouver Police Department, carry the title of Chief Constable . </P> <P> In Canadian French, constable is translated to agent, except in the Royal Canadian Mounted Police where it is translated as Gendarme .) </P> <P> Appointments can further be separated into: </P> <Ul> <Li> Special Constables <Ul> <Li> RCMP Special Constables are appointed for specific skills, for example, aboriginal language skills . They are peace officers under the Royal Canadian Mounted Police Act . </Li> <Li> Outside of RCMP, special constables are not police officers but are appointed to serve certain law enforcement functions . For example, SPCA agents or court / jail security officers . </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Auxiliary Constable or Reserve Constable are volunteers with a policing agency . They generally only have peace officer status when engaged in specific authorized tasks only . </Li> <Li> Provincial Civil Constables (in Nova Scotia) deal with matters of a civil nature . </Li> </Ul>

Who was appointed by the governor as the most important law enforcement officer in colonial america