<P> Though views differ as respects the impact of Title IX, discussion typically focuses on whether or not Title IX has resulted in increased athletic opportunities for females, and whether and to what extent Title IX has resulted in decreased athletic opportunities for males . In addition, the legislation had impacts on aspects other than athletes . The increased exposure of female sports led to increased dominance by males of the governance of female athletics . For example, the male - dominated NCAA, which had been content to let the female - dominated AIAW run female championships, decided to offer female championships, thus leading to the eventual demise of the AIAW . </P> <P> Advocates of Title IX's current interpretation cite increases in female athletic participation, and attribute those increases to Title IX . One study, completed in 2006, pointed to a large increase in the number of women participating in athletics at both the high school and college level . The number of women in high school sports had increased by a factor of nine, while the number of women in college sports had increased by more than 450% . A 2008 study of intercollegiate athletics showed that women's collegiate sports has grown to 9,101 teams, or 8.65 per school . The five most frequently offered college sports for women are, in order: (1) Basketball, 98.8% of schools have a team, (2) Volleyball, 95.7%, (3) Soccer, 92.0%, (4) Cross Country, 90.8%, and (5) Softball, 89.2% . </P> <P> At the same time, many contend that the current interpretation of Title IX by the OCR has resulted in the dismantling of men's programs, despite strong participation in those sports . For example, though interest in the sport of wrestling has consistently increased at the high school level since 1990, scores of colleges have dropped their wrestling programs during that same period . The OCR's three - prong test for compliance with Title IX often is cited as the reason for these cuts . Wrestling historically was the most frequently dropped sport, but other men's sports later overtook the lead, such that according to the NCAA, the most - dropped men's sports between 1987 and 2002 were as follows: Cross country (183), indoor track (180), golf (178), tennis (171), rowing (132), outdoor track (126), swimming (125) and wrestling (121). </P> <P> A non-legal binding guideline announced by Vice President Joe Biden on 4 April 2011 on sexual harassment or violence required that institutions conduct investigations and discipline on the preponderance of the evidence standard, rather than that of beyond reasonable doubt . The use of such a standard by the University of North Dakota has been criticized by the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education in the case of Caleb Warner, who was suspended for three years in January 2010 on the basis of a report by a complainant who was subsequently charged with filing a false report by state police, a decision which the University has refused to reconsider . </P>

All of the following are prongs on the title ix 3 prong test except