<P> Each is expressly designated as a land in Dutch law by the Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands . Unlike the German Länder and the Austrian Bundesländer, landen is consistently translated as "countries" by the Dutch government . </P> <P> Israel was founded as a Jewish state in 1948 . Its "Basic Laws" describe it as both a Jewish and a democratic state . According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, 75.7% of Israel's population are Jews . Arabs, who make up 20.4% of the population, are the largest ethnic minority in Israel . Israel also has very small communities of Armenians, Circassians, Assyrians, Samaritans, and persons of some Jewish heritage . There are also some non-Jewish spouses of Israeli Jews . However, these communities are very small, and usually number only in the hundreds or thousands . </P> <P> Pakistan, even being an ethnically diverse country and officially a federation, is regarded as a nation state due to its ideological basis on which it was given independence from British India as a separate nation rather than as part of a unified India . Different ethnic groups in Pakistan are strongly bonded by their common Muslim identity, common cultural and social values, common historical heritage, a national Lingua franca (Urdu) and joint political, strategic and economic interests . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section does not cite any sources . Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . (October 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) </Td> </Tr> </Table>

When did the concept of a nation-state emerge in japan