<Li> France, the "fifth" power, was represented by its foreign minister, Talleyrand, as well as the Minister Plenipotentiary the Duke of Dalberg . Talleyrand had already negotiated the Treaty of Paris (1814) for Louis XVIII of France; the king, however, distrusted him and was also secretly negotiating with Metternich, by mail . </Li> <P> These parties had not been part of the Chaumont agreement, but had joined the Treaty of Paris (1814): </P> <Ul> <Li> Spain--Marquis Pedro Gómez de Labrador </Li> <Li> Portugal--Plenipotentiaries: Pedro de Sousa Holstein, Count of Palmela; António de Saldanha da Gama, Count of Porto Santo; Joaquim Lobo da Silveira . </Li> <Li> Sweden--Count Carl Löwenhielm </Li> </Ul> <Li> Spain--Marquis Pedro Gómez de Labrador </Li>

What was the significance and the aftermath of the congress of vienna in 1815