<P> When a male is mature, he spins a sperm web, deposits semen on it, and charges his palpal bulbs with the sperm . Black widow spiders reproduce sexually when the male inserts his palpal bulbs into the female's spermathecal openings . The female deposits her eggs in a globular silken container in which they remain camouflaged and guarded . A female black widow spider can produce four to nine egg sacs in one summer, each containing about 100--400 eggs . Usually, eggs incubate for twenty to thirty days . It is rare for more than a hundred to survive this process . On average, thirty will survive through the first molting, because of cannibalism, lack of food, or lack of proper shelter . It takes two to four months for black widow spiders to mature enough to breed, however full maturation typically takes six to nine months . The females can live for up to three years, while a male's lifespan is about three to four months . The female may eat the male after mating . </P> <P> Black widow spiders typically prey on a variety of insects, but occasionally they do feed on woodlice, diplopods, chilopods and other arachnids . The spider's web is even strong enough to catch animals as large as mice . When the prey is entangled by the web, Latrodectus mactans quickly comes out of its retreat, wraps the prey securely in its strong web, then bites and envenoms its prey . The venom takes about ten minutes to take effect; in the meantime, the prey is held tightly by the spider . When movements of the prey cease, digestive enzymes are released into the wound . The black widow spider then carries its prey back to its retreat before feeding . </P> <P> There are various parasites and predators of widow spiders in North America, though apparently none of these have ever been evaluated in terms of augmentation programs for improved biocontrol . Parasites of the egg sacs include the flightless scelionid wasp Baeus latrodecti, and members of the chloropid fly genus Pseudogaurax . Predators of the adult spiders include a few wasps, most notably the blue mud dauber, Chalybion californicum, and the spider wasp Tastiotenia festiva . Other species including Mantis or Centipede also will occasionally and opportunistically take widows as prey, but the preceding all exhibit some significant specific preference for Latrodectus . </P> <P> Furthermore, in 2012, researchers published a paper suggesting that the black widow's close relative, the brown widow, may be competing for territory with, and ultimately displacing black widows in Southern California . </P>

Do black widow spiders have any natural enemies
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