<P> From the 15th century, the number of smaller Islamic courts began to fall, as the Ottoman Empire, and later the Safavids and European powers, swallowed them up; this had an effect on Islamic art, which was usually strongly led by the patronage of the court . From at least the 18th century onwards, elite Islamic art was increasingly influenced by European styles, and in the applied arts either largely adopted Western styles, or ceased to develop, retaining whatever style was prevalent at some point in the late 18th or early 19th centuries . Many industries with very long histories, such as pottery in Iran, largely closed, while others, like metalwork in brass, became generally frozen in style, with much of their production going to tourists or exported as oriental exotica . </P> <P> The carpet industry has remained large, but mostly uses designs that originated before 1700, and competes with machine - made imitations both locally and around the world . Arts and crafts with a broader social base, like the zellige mosaic tiles of the Maghreb, have often survived better . Islamic countries have developed modern and contemporary art, with very vigorous art worlds in some countries, but the degree to which these should be grouped in a special category as "Islamic art" is questionable, although many artists deal with Islam - related themes, and use traditional elements such as calligraphy . Especially in the oil - rich parts of the Islamic world much modern architecture and interior decoration makes use of motifs and elements drawn from the heritage of Islamic art . </P>

Which reason explains why islamic art consisted mostly of calligraphy and geometric patterns