<P> However, when Frank Hastings, a Philhellene, destroyed a Turkish naval squadron during a raid off Itea, Ibrahim sent a detachment of his fleet out of Navarino in order to defeat Hastings . Codrington had not heard of Hastings's actions and thought that Ibrahim was breaking his agreement . Codrington intercepted the force and made them retreat and did so again on the following day when Ibrahim led the fleet in person . Codrington assembled his fleet once more, with the British returning from Malta and the French from the Aegean . They were also joined by the Russian contingent led by Count Login Geiden . Ibrahim now began a campaign to annihilate the Greeks of the Peloponnese as he thought the Allies had reneged on their agreement . </P> <P> On 20 October 1827, as the weather got worse, the British, Russian and French fleets entered the Bay of Navarino in peaceful formation to shelter themselves and to make sure that the Egyptian - Turkish fleet did not slip off and attack Hydra . When a British frigate sent a boat to request the Egyptians to move their fire ships, the officer on board was shot by the Egyptians . The frigate responded with musket fire in retaliation and an Egyptian ship fired a cannon shot at the French flagship, the Sirene, which returned fire . A full engagement was begun which ended in a complete victory for the Allies and in the annihilation of the Egyptian - Turkish fleet . Of the 89 Egyptian - Turkish ships that took part in the battle, only 14 made it back to Alexandria and their dead amounted to over 8,000 . The Allies didn't lose a ship and suffered only 181 deaths . The Porte demanded compensation from the Allies for the ships, but his demand was refused on the grounds that the Turks had acted as the aggressors . The three countries' ambassadors also left Constantinople . </P> <P> In Britain, the battle was criticized as being an' untoward event' towards Turkey, which was called an' ancient ally' . Codrington was recalled and blamed for having allowed the retreating Egyptian - Turkish ships to carry 2,000 Greek slaves . In France, the news of the battle was greeted with great enthusiasm and the government had an unexpected surge in popularity . Russia formally took the opportunity to declare war on the Turks . </P> <P> In October 1828, the Greeks regrouped and formed a new government under Kapodistrias . They then advanced to seize as much territory as possible, including Athens and Thebes, before the Western powers imposed a ceasefire . As far as the Peloponnese was concerned, Britain and Russia accepted the offer of France to send an army to expel Ibrahim's forces . Nicolas Joseph Maison, who was given command of the French expeditionary Corps, landed on 30 August 1828 at Petalidi and helped the Greeks evacuate the Peloponnese from all the hostile troops by 30 October . Maison thus implemented the convention Codrington had negotiated and signed in Alexandria with Muhammad Ali, which provided for the withdrawal of all Egyptian troops from the Peloponnese . </P>

Leopold was finally successful in defeating the ottomans as defined in which treaty