<P> Application of higher non-material inputs also raises the productivity of physical inputs . Modern technology has helped increase the proven sources of oil by 50% in recent years--and at the same time, reduced the cost of search operations by 75% . Moreover, technology shows it is possible to reduce the amount of physical inputs in a wide range of activities . Scientific agricultural methods demonstrated that soil productivity could be raised through synthetic fertilizers . Dutch farm scientists have demonstrated that a minimal water consumption of 1.4 liters is enough to raise a kilogram of vegetables, compared to the thousand liters that traditional irrigation methods normally require . </P> <P> Henry Ford's assembly line techniques reduced the man - hours of labor required to deliver a car from 783 minutes to 93 minutes . These examples show that the greater input of higher non-material resources can raise the productivity of physical resources and thereby extend their limits . </P> <P> When the mind engages in pure creative thinking, it comes up with new thoughts and ideas . When it applies itself to society it can come up with new organizations . When it turns to the study of nature, it discovers nature's laws and mechanisms . When it applies itself to technology, it makes new discoveries and practical inventions that boost productivity . Technical creativity has had an erratic course through history, with some intense periods of creative output followed by some dull and inactive periods . However, the period since 1700 has been marked by an intense burst of technological creativity that is multiplying human capacities exponentially . </P> <P> Though many reasons can be cited for the accelerating pace of technological inventions, a major cause is the role played by mental creativity in an increasing atmosphere of freedom . Political freedom and liberation from religious dogma had a powerful impact on creative thinking during the Age of Enlightenment . Dogmas and superstitions greatly restricted mental creativity . For example, when the astronomer Copernicus proposed a heliocentric view of the world, the church rejected it because it did not conform to established religious doctrine . When Galileo used a telescope to view the planets, the church condemned the device as an instrument of the devil, as it seemed so unusual . The Enlightenment shattered such obscurantist fetters on freedom of thought . From then on, the spirit of experimentation thrived . </P>

Major element of social structure in pakistan context