<P> To explain all nature is too difficult a task for any one man or even for any one age .' Tis much better to do a little with certainty, and leave the rest for others that come after you, than to explain all things . </P> <P> Newton's work became a model that other sciences sought to emulate, and his inductive approach formed the basis for much of natural philosophy through the 18th and early 19th centuries . Some methods of reasoning were later systematized by Mill's Methods (or Mill's canon), which are five explicit statements of what can be discarded and what can be kept while building a hypothesis . George Boole and William Stanley Jevons also wrote on the principles of reasoning . </P> <P> Attempts to systematize a scientific method were confronted in the mid-18th century by the problem of induction, a positivist logic formulation which, in short, asserts that nothing can be known with certainty except what is actually observed . David Hume took empiricism to the skeptical extreme; among his positions was that there is no logical necessity that the future should resemble the past, thus we are unable to justify inductive reasoning itself by appealing to its past success . Hume's arguments, of course, came on the heels of many, many centuries of excessive speculation upon excessive speculation not grounded in empirical observation and testing . Many of Hume's radically skeptical arguments were argued against, but not resolutely refuted, by Immanuel Kant's Critique of Pure Reason in the late 18th century . Hume's arguments continue to hold a strong lingering influence and certainly on the consciousness of the educated classes for the better part of the 19th century when the argument at the time became the focus on whether or not the inductive method was valid . </P> <P> Hans Christian Ørsted, (Ørsted is the Danish spelling; Oersted in other languages) (1777--1851) was heavily influenced by Kant, in particular, Kant's Metaphysische Anfangsgründe der Naturwissenschaft (Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science). The following sections on Ørsted encapsulate our current, common view of scientific method . His work appeared in Danish, most accessibly in public lectures, which he translated into German, French, English, and occasionally Latin . But some of his views go beyond Kant: </P>

Which of the following established the inductive method of science