<P> Throughout 2005 and 2006, corporations supporting both sides of the issue zealously lobbied Congress . Between 2005 and 2012, five attempts to pass bills in Congress containing net neutrality provisions failed . Each sought to preserve the open Internet that consumer groups sought, and to prohibit Internet service providers from using various variable pricing models based upon the user's quality of service level, described as tiered service in the industry and as price discrimination arising from abuse of "local monopolies enshrined in law" by some economists . </P> <P> Large broadband Internet access service providers appealed the FCC network neutrality principles . The D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that because the FCC had previously said broadband Internet access services were not common carrier services, the FCC could not then subject them to common carrier network neutrality regulations . </P> <P> Following this ruling in Verizon Communications Inc. v. FCC (2014), the United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC) received 3.7 million comments urging it to change classification of the Internet to a telecommunications service, which would allow the FCC to uphold net neutrality . The FCC then changed its analysis, reclassified retail providers of BIAS as common carriers, and adopted revised open Internet requirements . On February 26, 2015, the FCC ruled in favor of net neutrality by reclassifying broadband as a common carrier under Title II of the Communications Act of 1934 and Section 706 of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 . On April 13, 2015, the FCC published the final rule on its new "net neutrality" regulations . These rules went into effect on June 12, 2015 . </P> <P> The United States Telecom Association, which represents large telecom companies, filed a lawsuit against the FCC in 2015 challenging the net neutrality rule . The Association argued that the FCC's classification of broadband carriers as "common carriers" was a form of administrative overreach . In June 2016, a divided panel of the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia upheld the FCC's net neutrality rules and the FCC's determination that broadband access is a public utility, rather than a luxury . </P>

When did net neutrality first come into effect