<P> And again, if from these there is born a son with unexpected gold or silver in his composition they shall honor such and bid them go up higher, some to the office of guardian, some to the assistanceship, alleging that there is an oracle that the city shall then be overthrown when the man of iron or brass is its guardian . </P> <P> By the nineteenth century, Karl Marx described such ruling - class cultural hegemony with the term dominant ideology, which described the societal status quo (religious and political, economic and cultural) that characterised the capitalism of the nineteenth century . As such, Marxist philosophic theory proposes two conceptual models, the Intentional and the Spontaneous, to characterise the social function (s) of the dominant ideology: </P> <Dl> <Dt> (i) Intentional </Dt> </Dl> <Dt> (i) Intentional </Dt>

Hegemony suggests that a dominant class rules as well as leads in terms of its power