<P> Superstation is a term in North American broadcasting that has several meanings . In its most precise meaning, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the United States defines superstation as a "television broadcast station, other than a network station, licensed by the FCC, that is secondarily transmitted by a satellite carrier ." </P> <P> In the early days of television broadcasting, most large media markets had, by standards of the period, a large number of television stations . Generally, these markets had three VHF stations that were respectively affiliated with NBC, ABC and CBS (the then dominant television networks), one or more public television stations (which usually were member stations of PBS), and one or more UHF stations (and in the largest markets, such as New York City, Los Angeles and Chicago, at least one VHF station) without a network affiliation . These independent stations relied on syndicated reruns, older movies and local programming (such as newscasts, children's programming or sporting events) to fill their broadcast schedules . Smaller media markets, however, often had only the basic three network - affiliated stations . </P> <P> Cable television providers in smaller municipalities and rural areas sought a foothold by "importing" signals from larger nearby or distant cities for their customers . Anxious for more viewers, the stations assisted by relaying their signals by wire or microwave transmission to these towns . These stations, especially independents that were owned by Gaylord Broadcasting--such as WVTV (channel 18) in Milwaukee, KSTW (channel 11) in Seattle, KTVT (channel 11) in Fort Worth--Dallas and KHTV (channel 39, now KIAH) in Houston, which all served their respective states with entertainment programming via these connections--became the first "superstations," on a regional basis . </P> <P> With the advent of C - Band satellites, Ted Turner came up with the idea of distributing his Atlanta, Georgia independent station WTCG (channel 17; later renamed WTBS, and now WPCH - TV) via C - Band to the entire country (and beyond). WTCG, which had already been distributed via microwave to cable systems in much of the Southeastern United States, became the first national superstation; Turner's idea was soon copied by companies who applied for satellite uplinks to distribute other independent stations, including WGN - TV (channel 9) in Chicago, Illinois . </P>

Who pioneered a new type of broadcasting by creating the first television superstation
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