<P> In the 1980s, the Supreme Court of India for almost a decade had been encouraging public interest litigation on behalf of the poor and oppressed by using a very broad interpretation of several articles of the Indian Constitution . Budget of the judiciary in many transitional and developing countries is almost completely controlled by the executive . The latter undermines the separation of powers, as it creates a critical financial dependence of the judiciary . The proper national wealth distribution including the government spending on the judiciary is subject of the constitutional economics . It is important to distinguish between the two methods of corruption of the judiciary: the state (through budget planning and various privileges), and the private . </P> <P> The term "judiciary" is also used to refer collectively to the personnel, such as judges, magistrates and other adjudicators, who form the core of a judiciary (sometimes referred to as a "bench"), as well as the staffs who keep the system running smoothly . In some countries and jurisdictions, judiciary branch is expanded to include additional public legal professionals and institutions such as prosecutors, state lawyers, ombudsmen, public notaries, judicial police service and legal aid officers . These institutions are sometimes governed by the same judicial administration that governs courts, and in some cases the administration of the judicial branch is also the administering authority for private legal professions such as lawyers and private notary offices . </P> <P> After the French Revolution, lawmakers stopped interpretation of law by judges, and the legislature was the only body permitted to interpret the law; this prohibition was later overturned by the Napoleonic Code . </P> <P> In civil law jurisdictors at present, judges interpret the law to about the same extent as in common law jurisdictions--however it is different from the common law tradition which directly recognizes the limited power to make law . For instance, in France, the jurisprudence constante of the Court of Cassation or the Council of State is equivalent in practice with case law . However, the Louisiana Supreme Court notes the principal difference between the two legal doctrines: a single court decision can provide sufficient foundation for the common law doctrine of stare decisis, however, "a series of adjudicated cases, all in accord, form the basis for jurisprudence constante ." Moreover, the Louisiana Court of Appeals has explicitly noted that jurisprudence constante is merely a secondary source of law, which cannot be authoritative and does not rise to the level of stare decisis . </P>

The language of the constitution is with respect to the judiciary