<P> 4 ′ 33" challenges, or rather exploits to a radical extent, the social regiments of the modern concert life etiquette, experimenting on unsuspecting concert - goers to prove an important point . First, the choice of a prestigious venue and the social status of the composer and the performers automatically heightens audience's expectations for the piece . As a result, the listener is more focused, giving Cage's 4 ′ 33" the same amount of attention (or perhaps even more) as if it were Beethoven's Ninth . Thus, even before the performance, the reception of the work is already predetermined by the social setup of the concert . Furthermore, the audience's behavior is limited by the rules and regulation of the concert hall; they will quietly sit and listen to 4 ′ 33" of ambient noise . It is not easy to get a large group of people to listen to ambient noise for nearly five minutes, unless they are regulated by the concert hall etiquette . </P> <P> The second point made by 4 ′ 33" concerns duration . According to Cage, duration is the essential building block of all of music . This distinction is motivated by the fact that duration is the only element shared by both silence and sound . As a result, the underlying structure of any musical piece consists of an organized sequence of "time buckets". They could be filled with either sounds, silence or noise; where neither of these elements is absolutely necessary for completeness . In the spirit of his teacher Schoenberg, Cage managed to emancipate the silence and the noise to make it an acceptable or perhaps even integral part of his music composition . 4 ′ 33" serves as a radical and extreme illustration of this concept, asking that if the time buckets are the only necessary parts of the musical composition, then what stops the composer from filling them with no intentional sounds? </P> <P> The third point is that the work of music is defined not only by its content but also by the behavior it elicits from the audience . In the case of Stravinsky's Rite of Spring, this would consist of widespread dissatisfaction leading up to violent riots . In Cage's 4 ′ 33", the audience felt cheated by having to listen to no composed sounds from the performer . Nevertheless, in 4 ′ 33" the audience contributed the bulk of the musical material of the piece . Since the piece consists of exclusively ambient noise, the audience's behavior, their whispers and movements, are essential elements that fill the above - mentioned time buckets . </P> <P> In a 2013 TED Talk, philosophy professor Julian Dodd argues that 4 ′ 33" is witty conceptual art, but does not meet the criteria for it to count as music, instead challenging the listener to question what the nature of music is . In a 2013 TED Talk, psychologist Paul Bloom puts forward 4 ′ 33" as one example to show that knowing about the origin of something influences our opinion about it as "that silence is different from other forms of silence". </P>

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