<P> Probably the only generalization that can be made about the use of physical punishment among primitive tribes is that there was no common procedure (...) Pettit concludes that among primitive societies corporal punishment is rare, not because of the innate kindliness of these people but because it is contrary to developing the type of individual personality they set up as their ideal (...) An important point to be made here is that we cannot state that physical punishment as a motivational or corrective device is' innate' to man . </P> <P> Key developments related to corporal punishment occurred in the late 20th century . Years with particular significance to the prohibition of corporal punishment are emphasised . </P> <Ul> <Li> 1950: European Convention of Human Rights, Council of Europe . Article 3 bars "inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment". <Ul> <Li> 1978: European Court of Human Rights, overseeing its implementation, rules that judicial birching of a juvenile breaches Article 3 . </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1985: Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice, or Beijing Rules, United Nations (UN). Rule 17.3: "Juveniles shall not be subject to corporal punishment ." <Ul> <Li> 1990 Supplement: Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of their Liberty . Rule 67: "...all disciplinary measures constituting cruel, inhumane or degrading treatment shall be strictly prohibited, including corporal punishment ..." </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1990: Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency, the Riyadh Guidelines, UN . Paragraph 21 (h): education systems should avoid "harsh disciplinary measures, particularly corporal punishment ." </Li> <Li> 1966: International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, UN, with currently 167 parties, 74 signatories . Article 7: "No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment ..." <Ul> <Li> 1992: Human Rights Committee, overseeing its implementation, comments: "the prohibition must extend to corporal punishment...in this regard...article 7 protects, in particular, children, ..." </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1984: Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, UN, with currently 150 parties and 78 signatories . <Ul> <Li> 1996: Committee Against Torture, overseeing its implementation, condemns corporal punishment . </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1966: International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, UN, with currently 160 parties, and 70 signatories . Article 13 (1): "education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and the sense of its dignity ..." <Ul> <Li> 1999: Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, overseeing its implementation, comments: "corporal punishment is inconsistent with the fundamental guiding principle of international human rights law...the dignity of the individual ." </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1961: European Social Charter, Council of Europe . <Ul> <Li> 2001: European Committee of Social Rights, overseeing its implementation, concludes: it is not "acceptable that a society which prohibits any form of physical violence between adults would accept that adults subject children to physical violence ." </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <Li> 1950: European Convention of Human Rights, Council of Europe . Article 3 bars "inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment". <Ul> <Li> 1978: European Court of Human Rights, overseeing its implementation, rules that judicial birching of a juvenile breaches Article 3 . </Li> </Ul> </Li>

Where did the term corporal punishment come from