<Table> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan="2"> American Revolutionary War </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> Clockwise: Surrender of Lord Cornwallis after the Siege of Yorktown, Battle of Trenton, The Death of General Warren at the Battle of Bunker Hill, Battle of Long Island, Battle of Guilford Court House </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> April 19, 1775--September 3, 1783 (8 years, 4 months and 15 days) Ratification effective: May 12, 1784 (9 years and 23 days) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Eastern North America, Caribbean Sea, Indian subcontinent, Central America, Europe, Africa, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Indian Ocean </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Result </Th> <Td> <P> American - Allied victory: </P> <Ul> <Li> Peace of Paris </Li> <Li> British recognition of American independence </Li> <Li> End of the First British Empire </Li> <Li> British retention of Canada and Gibraltar </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Territorial changes </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Great Britain cedes to the United States the area east of the Mississippi River and south of the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River </Li> <Li> Great Britain cedes East Florida, West Florida, and Menorca to Spain </Li> <Li> Great Britain cedes Tobago and Senegal to France </Li> <Li> Dutch Republic cedes Negapatnam to Great Britain </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan="2"> Belligerents </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <P> Thirteen Colonies (before 1776) United States (after 1776) Vermont Republic French Empire Spanish Empire </P> <P> Co-belligerents: </P> <P> Dutch Republic Mysore </P> Native Americans: (show) <Ul> <Li> Oneida Tuscarora Catawba Lenape Chickasaw Choctaw Mahican Mi'kmaq Abenaki Cheraw Seminole Pee Dee Lumbee Watauga Association </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <P> British Empire Hanover </P> <P> German mercenaries: Hesse - Kassel Hesse - Hanau Waldeck Brunswick Ansbach Anhalt - Zerbst </P> Native Americans: (show) <Ul> <Li> Onondaga Mohawk Cayuga Seneca Mi'kmaq Cherokee Odawa Muscogee Susquehannock Shawnee </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan="2"> Commanders and leaders </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <P> George Washington Thomas Chittenden Louis XVI Charles III </P> <P> William V Hyder Ali † Tipu Sultan </P> full list...</Td> <Td> <P> George III Lord North Lord George Germain </P> full list...</Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan="2"> Strength </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <P> United States: Army & Militia: 40,000 (average) 200,000 (total served) Navy: 5,000 sailors (peak 1779) 53 frigates and sloops (total served) State Navies: 106 ships (total served) Privateers: 55,000 sailors (total served) 1,697 ships </P> <P> Allies: Army: 63,000 French and Spanish (Gibraltar) Navy: 146 ships - of - the - line (1782) </P> <P> Native American Allies: </P> Unknown </Td> <Td> <P> Great Britain: Army: 48,000 (America peak) 121,000 (global 1781) 7,500 (Gibraltar) Navy: 94 ships - of - the - line (1782) 104 frigates (1781) 37 sloops (1781) 171,000 sailors </P> <P> Loyalists: 25,000 (total served) </P> <P> Hanoverians: 2,365 (total served) </P> <P> German mercenaries: 29,875 (total served) </P> <P> Native American Allies: </P> 13,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan="2"> Casualties and losses </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <P> United States: 25,000--70,000 total dead 6,800 killed in battle 17,000 died of disease </P> <P> France: at least 7,000 dead (2,112 in the United States) </P> <P> Spain: 5,000 killed </P> <P> Netherlands: 500 killed </P> Total: 37,000--82,500 + soldiers dead </Td> <Td> <P> Great Britain: Army: 43,633 total dead ~ 9,372 killed in battle 27,000 died of disease Navy: 1,243 killed in battle 18,500 died of disease (1776--1780) 42,000 deserted </P> <P> Germans: 7,774 total dead 1,800 killed in battle 4,888 deserted </P> <P> Loyalists: 7,000 total dead 1,700 killed in battle 5,300 died of disease (estimated) </P> Total: 78,200 + soldiers dead </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> American Revolutionary War Campaigns and theaters </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Boston </Li> <Li> Canada </Li> <Li> New York and New Jersey </Li> <Li> Saratoga </Li> <Li> Philadelphia </Li> <Li> Western </Li> <Li> Northern </Li> <Li> Northern (after Saratoga) </Li> <Li> Southern </Li> <Li> Yorktown </Li> <Li> Naval </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan="2"> American Revolutionary War </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> Clockwise: Surrender of Lord Cornwallis after the Siege of Yorktown, Battle of Trenton, The Death of General Warren at the Battle of Bunker Hill, Battle of Long Island, Battle of Guilford Court House </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> April 19, 1775--September 3, 1783 (8 years, 4 months and 15 days) Ratification effective: May 12, 1784 (9 years and 23 days) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Eastern North America, Caribbean Sea, Indian subcontinent, Central America, Europe, Africa, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Indian Ocean </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Result </Th> <Td> <P> American - Allied victory: </P> <Ul> <Li> Peace of Paris </Li> <Li> British recognition of American independence </Li> <Li> End of the First British Empire </Li> <Li> British retention of Canada and Gibraltar </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Territorial changes </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Great Britain cedes to the United States the area east of the Mississippi River and south of the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River </Li> <Li> Great Britain cedes East Florida, West Florida, and Menorca to Spain </Li> <Li> Great Britain cedes Tobago and Senegal to France </Li> <Li> Dutch Republic cedes Negapatnam to Great Britain </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan="2"> Belligerents </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <P> Thirteen Colonies (before 1776) United States (after 1776) Vermont Republic French Empire Spanish Empire </P> <P> Co-belligerents: </P> <P> Dutch Republic Mysore </P> Native Americans: (show) <Ul> <Li> Oneida Tuscarora Catawba Lenape Chickasaw Choctaw Mahican Mi'kmaq Abenaki Cheraw Seminole Pee Dee Lumbee Watauga Association </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <P> British Empire Hanover </P> <P> German mercenaries: Hesse - Kassel Hesse - Hanau Waldeck Brunswick Ansbach Anhalt - Zerbst </P> Native Americans: (show) <Ul> <Li> Onondaga Mohawk Cayuga Seneca Mi'kmaq Cherokee Odawa Muscogee Susquehannock Shawnee </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan="2"> Commanders and leaders </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <P> George Washington Thomas Chittenden Louis XVI Charles III </P> <P> William V Hyder Ali † Tipu Sultan </P> full list...</Td> <Td> <P> George III Lord North Lord George Germain </P> full list...</Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan="2"> Strength </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <P> United States: Army & Militia: 40,000 (average) 200,000 (total served) Navy: 5,000 sailors (peak 1779) 53 frigates and sloops (total served) State Navies: 106 ships (total served) Privateers: 55,000 sailors (total served) 1,697 ships </P> <P> Allies: Army: 63,000 French and Spanish (Gibraltar) Navy: 146 ships - of - the - line (1782) </P> <P> Native American Allies: </P> Unknown </Td> <Td> <P> Great Britain: Army: 48,000 (America peak) 121,000 (global 1781) 7,500 (Gibraltar) Navy: 94 ships - of - the - line (1782) 104 frigates (1781) 37 sloops (1781) 171,000 sailors </P> <P> Loyalists: 25,000 (total served) </P> <P> Hanoverians: 2,365 (total served) </P> <P> German mercenaries: 29,875 (total served) </P> <P> Native American Allies: </P> 13,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan="2"> Casualties and losses </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <P> United States: 25,000--70,000 total dead 6,800 killed in battle 17,000 died of disease </P> <P> France: at least 7,000 dead (2,112 in the United States) </P> <P> Spain: 5,000 killed </P> <P> Netherlands: 500 killed </P> Total: 37,000--82,500 + soldiers dead </Td> <Td> <P> Great Britain: Army: 43,633 total dead ~ 9,372 killed in battle 27,000 died of disease Navy: 1,243 killed in battle 18,500 died of disease (1776--1780) 42,000 deserted </P> <P> Germans: 7,774 total dead 1,800 killed in battle 4,888 deserted </P> <P> Loyalists: 7,000 total dead 1,700 killed in battle 5,300 died of disease (estimated) </P> Total: 78,200 + soldiers dead </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan="2"> American Revolutionary War </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> Clockwise: Surrender of Lord Cornwallis after the Siege of Yorktown, Battle of Trenton, The Death of General Warren at the Battle of Bunker Hill, Battle of Long Island, Battle of Guilford Court House </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> April 19, 1775--September 3, 1783 (8 years, 4 months and 15 days) Ratification effective: May 12, 1784 (9 years and 23 days) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Eastern North America, Caribbean Sea, Indian subcontinent, Central America, Europe, Africa, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Indian Ocean </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Result </Th> <Td> <P> American - Allied victory: </P> <Ul> <Li> Peace of Paris </Li> <Li> British recognition of American independence </Li> <Li> End of the First British Empire </Li> <Li> British retention of Canada and Gibraltar </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Territorial changes </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Great Britain cedes to the United States the area east of the Mississippi River and south of the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River </Li> <Li> Great Britain cedes East Florida, West Florida, and Menorca to Spain </Li> <Li> Great Britain cedes Tobago and Senegal to France </Li> <Li> Dutch Republic cedes Negapatnam to Great Britain </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan="2"> Belligerents </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <P> Thirteen Colonies (before 1776) United States (after 1776) Vermont Republic French Empire Spanish Empire </P> <P> Co-belligerents: </P> <P> Dutch Republic Mysore </P> Native Americans: (show) <Ul> <Li> Oneida Tuscarora Catawba Lenape Chickasaw Choctaw Mahican Mi'kmaq Abenaki Cheraw Seminole Pee Dee Lumbee Watauga Association </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <P> British Empire Hanover </P> <P> German mercenaries: Hesse - Kassel Hesse - Hanau Waldeck Brunswick Ansbach Anhalt - Zerbst </P> Native Americans: (show) <Ul> <Li> Onondaga Mohawk Cayuga Seneca Mi'kmaq Cherokee Odawa Muscogee Susquehannock Shawnee </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan="2"> Commanders and leaders </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <P> George Washington Thomas Chittenden Louis XVI Charles III </P> <P> William V Hyder Ali † Tipu Sultan </P> full list...</Td> <Td> <P> George III Lord North Lord George Germain </P> full list...</Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan="2"> Strength </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <P> United States: Army & Militia: 40,000 (average) 200,000 (total served) Navy: 5,000 sailors (peak 1779) 53 frigates and sloops (total served) State Navies: 106 ships (total served) Privateers: 55,000 sailors (total served) 1,697 ships </P> <P> Allies: Army: 63,000 French and Spanish (Gibraltar) Navy: 146 ships - of - the - line (1782) </P> <P> Native American Allies: </P> Unknown </Td> <Td> <P> Great Britain: Army: 48,000 (America peak) 121,000 (global 1781) 7,500 (Gibraltar) Navy: 94 ships - of - the - line (1782) 104 frigates (1781) 37 sloops (1781) 171,000 sailors </P> <P> Loyalists: 25,000 (total served) </P> <P> Hanoverians: 2,365 (total served) </P> <P> German mercenaries: 29,875 (total served) </P> <P> Native American Allies: </P> 13,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan="2"> Casualties and losses </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <P> United States: 25,000--70,000 total dead 6,800 killed in battle 17,000 died of disease </P> <P> France: at least 7,000 dead (2,112 in the United States) </P> <P> Spain: 5,000 killed </P> <P> Netherlands: 500 killed </P> Total: 37,000--82,500 + soldiers dead </Td> <Td> <P> Great Britain: Army: 43,633 total dead ~ 9,372 killed in battle 27,000 died of disease Navy: 1,243 killed in battle 18,500 died of disease (1776--1780) 42,000 deserted </P> <P> Germans: 7,774 total dead 1,800 killed in battle 4,888 deserted </P> <P> Loyalists: 7,000 total dead 1,700 killed in battle 5,300 died of disease (estimated) </P> Total: 78,200 + soldiers dead </Td> </Tr> </Table>

When did the american war of independence begin and end