<P> 3 - D Secure is an XML - based protocol designed to be an additional security layer for online credit and debit card transactions . It was originally developed by Arcot Systems (now CA Technologies) and first deployed by Visa with the intention of improving the security of Internet payments and is offered to customers under the name Verified by Visa . Services based on the protocol have also been adopted by MasterCard as MasterCard SecureCode, and by JCB International as J / Secure . American Express added 3 - D Secure on November 8, 2010, as American Express SafeKey, in select markets and continues to launch additional markets . Analysis of the protocol by academia has shown it to have many security issues that affect the consumer, including greater surface area for phishing and a shift of liability in the case of fraudulent payments . </P> <P> 3 - D Secure adds an authentication step for online payments . </P>

Which protocol does https use to offer greater security in web transaction