<P> The number of instances of corporal punishment in U.S. schools have also declined in recent years . In the 2002 - 2003 school year, federal statistics estimated that 300,000 children were disciplined with corporal punishment at school at least once . In the 2006 - 2007 school year, this number was reduced to 223,190 instances . According to the Department of Education, over 166,000 students in public schools were physically punished during the 2011--2012 school year . In the 2013 - 2014 academic year, this number was reduced to 109,000 students . </P> <P> As of the 2011 - 2012 academic year, 19 states legally allowed school corporal punishment . Approximately 14 percent of the schools in those 19 states reported the use of corporal punishment, and 1 in 8 students attended schools that use this practice . </P> <P> Several studies have explored which behaviors elicit corporal punishment as a response, but so far there is not a cohesive and standardized system use within states or across states . The Human Rights Watch conducted a series of interviews with paddled students and teachers in Mississippi and Texas and found that most of school corporal punishment was for minor infractions, such as violating the dress code, being tardy, talking in class, running in the hallway and going to the bathroom without permission . A review of over 6,000 disciplinary files in Florida for 1987 - 1988 school year found that corporal punishment use in schools was not related to the severity of student's misbehavior or with the frequency of the infraction . Czumbil and Hyman reviewed over 500 media stories about corporal punishment in newspapers from 1975 to 1992 and coded the reason of the punishment and its severity . They found that the nature of the child's misbehavior (violent or non-violent) did not meaningfully influence whether the student was physically punished or not . </P> <P> Many studies have found that there are extreme disparities in the physical punishment of students across racial and ethnic lines, gender and disability status . In general, results suggest that boys, children of color and children with disabilities are most likely to be targets of corporal punishment . These disparities may violate three federal laws that prohibit discrimination by race, gender and disability status: Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 . </P>

When did corporal punishment end in the united states