<P> In Algeria, anti-colonialism sentiment grew following World War II until it reached a boiling point . Unlike many territories that gained their independence through a smooth transition, France believed the African colony was important and never met their promise of self - governance in Algeria . As a result the Front de Liberation Nationale (FLN) began a guerrilla - style attack to win their freedom . Lasting more than eight years, the estimated death toll typically falls between 300,000 and 400,000 people . By 1958, the FLN was able to negotiate peace accord with French President Charles de Gaulle and nearly 90% of all Europeans had left the territory . </P> <P> This table is the arranged by the earliest date of independence in this graph; 58 countries have seceded . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Th> Colonial name </Th> <Th> Colonial power </Th> <Th> Independence date </Th> <Th> First head of state </Th> <Th> Independence won through </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Liberia </Td> <Td> Liberia </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> 26 July 1847 </Td> <Td> Joseph Jenkins Roberts </Td> <Td> Liberian Declaration of Independence </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> South Africa </Td> <Td> Cape Colony Colony of Natal Orange River Colony Transvaal Colony </Td> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> <Td> 31 May 1910 </Td> <Td> Louis Botha </Td> <Td> South Africa Act 1909 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Egypt </Td> <Td> Sultanate of Egypt </Td> <Td> 28 February 1922 </Td> <Td> Fuad I </Td> <Td> Egyptian revolution of 1919 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Eritrea </Td> <Td> Italian Eritrea </Td> <Td> Italy </Td> <Td> 10 February 1947 </Td> <Td> Haile Selassie </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Libya </Td> <Td> British Military Administration Military Territory of Fezzan - Ghadames </Td> <Td> United Kingdom France </Td> <Td> 24 December 1951 </Td> <Td> Idris </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sudan </Td> <Td> Anglo - Egyptian Sudan </Td> <Td> United Kingdom Republic of Egypt </Td> <Td> 1 January 1956 </Td> <Td> Ismail al - Azhari </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tunisia </Td> <Td> French Protectorate of Tunisia </Td> <Td> France </Td> <Td> 20 March 1956 </Td> <Td> Muhammad VIII al - Amin Habib Bourguiba </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Morocco </Td> <Td> French Protectorate in Morocco Tangier International Zone Spanish Protectorate in Morocco Spanish West Africa Ifni </Td> <Td> France Spain </Td> <Td> 2 March 1956 7 April 1956 10 April 1958 4 January 1969 </Td> <Td> Mohammed V </Td> <Td> Ifni War </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ghana </Td> <Td> Gold Coast </Td> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> <Td> 6 March 1957 </Td> <Td> Kwame Nkrumah </Td> <Td> Gold Coast legislative election, 1956 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Guinea </Td> <Td> French West Africa </Td> <Td> France </Td> <Td> 2 October 1958 </Td> <Td> Sékou Touré </Td> <Td> Guinean constitutional referendum, 1958 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cameroon </Td> <Td> French Cameroons </Td> <Td> France </Td> <Td> 1 January 1960 </Td> <Td> Ahmadou Ahidjo </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Togo </Td> <Td> French Togoland </Td> <Td> France </Td> <Td> 27 April 1960 </Td> <Td> Sylvanus Olympio </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mali </Td> <Td> French West Africa </Td> <Td> 20 June 1960 </Td> <Td> Modibo Keita </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Senegal </Td> <Td> Léopold Senghor </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Madagascar </Td> <Td> French Madagascar </Td> <Td> 26 June 1960 </Td> <Td> Philibert Tsiranana </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Democratic Republic of the Congo </Td> <Td> Belgian Congo </Td> <Td> Belgium </Td> <Td> 30 June 1960 </Td> <Td> Patrice Lumumba </Td> <Td> Belgo - Congolese Round Table Conference </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Somalia </Td> <Td> British Somaliland Trust Territory of Somaliland </Td> <Td> United Kingdom Italy </Td> <Td> 26 June 1960 1 July 1960 </Td> <Td> Aden Abdullah Osman Daar </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Benin </Td> <Td> French West Africa </Td> <Td> France </Td> <Td> 1 August 1960 </Td> <Td> Hubert Maga </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Niger </Td> <Td> 3 August 1960 </Td> <Td> Hamani Diori </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Burkina Faso </Td> <Td> 5 August 1960 </Td> <Td> Maurice Yaméogo </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ivory Coast </Td> <Td> 7 August 1960 </Td> <Td> Félix Houphouët - Boigny </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chad </Td> <Td> French Equatorial Africa </Td> <Td> 11 August 1960 </Td> <Td> François Tombalbaye </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Central African Republic </Td> <Td> 13 August 1960 </Td> <Td> David Dacko </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Republic of the Congo </Td> <Td> 15 August 1960 </Td> <Td> Fulbert Youlou </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Gabon </Td> <Td> 17 August 1960 </Td> <Td> Léon M'ba </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Nigeria </Td> <Td> Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria British Cameroons </Td> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> <Td> 1 October 1960 1 June 1961 1 October 1961 </Td> <Td> Nnamdi Azikiwe </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mauritania </Td> <Td> French West Africa </Td> <Td> France </Td> <Td> 28 November 1960 </Td> <Td> Moktar Ould Daddah </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sierra Leone </Td> <Td> Colony and Protectorate of Sierra Leone </Td> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> <Td> 27 April 1961 </Td> <Td> Milton Margai </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tanganyika </Td> <Td> Tanganyika Territory </Td> <Td> 9 December 1961 </Td> <Td> Julius Nyerere </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Burundi </Td> <Td> Ruanda - Urundi </Td> <Td> Belgium </Td> <Td> 1 July 1962 </Td> <Td> Mwambutsa IV of Burundi </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rwanda </Td> <Td> Grégoire Kayibanda </Td> <Td> Rwandan Revolution </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Algeria </Td> <Td> French Algeria </Td> <Td> France </Td> <Td> 5 July 1962 </Td> <Td> Ahmed Ben Bella </Td> <Td> Algerian War </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Uganda </Td> <Td> Protectorate of Uganda </Td> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> <Td> 9 October 1962 </Td> <Td> Milton Obote </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kenya </Td> <Td> Colony and Protectorate of Kenya </Td> <Td> 12 December 1963 </Td> <Td> Jomo Kenyatta </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sultanate of Zanzibar </Td> <Td> Sultanate of Zanzibar </Td> <Td> 10 December 1963 </Td> <Td> Jamshid bin Abdullah </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Malawi </Td> <Td> Nyasaland </Td> <Td> 6 July 1964 </Td> <Td> Hastings Banda </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Zambia </Td> <Td> Northern Rhodesia </Td> <Td> 24 October 1964 </Td> <Td> Kenneth Kaunda </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> The Gambia </Td> <Td> Gambia Colony and Protectorate </Td> <Td> 18 February 1965 </Td> <Td> Dawda Jawara </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rhodesia Zimbabwe </Td> <Td> Southern Rhodesia </Td> <Td> 11 November 1965 17 April 1980 </Td> <Td> Ian Smith Robert Mugabe </Td> <Td> Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence Lancaster House Agreement </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Botswana </Td> <Td> Bechuanaland Protectorate </Td> <Td> 30 September 1966 </Td> <Td> Seretse Khama </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lesotho </Td> <Td> Territory of Basutoland </Td> <Td> 4 October 1966 </Td> <Td> Leabua Jonathan </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mauritius </Td> <Td> Mauritius </Td> <Td> 12 March 1968 </Td> <Td> Veerasamy Ringadoo </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Swaziland </Td> <Td> Swaziland </Td> <Td> 6 September 1968 </Td> <Td> Sobhuza II </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Equatorial Guinea </Td> <Td> Spanish Territories of the Gulf of Guinea </Td> <Td> Spain </Td> <Td> 12 October 1968 </Td> <Td> Francisco Macías Nguema </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Guinea - Bissau </Td> <Td> Overseas Province of Guinea </Td> <Td> Portugal </Td> <Td> 10 September 1974 </Td> <Td> Luís Cabral </Td> <Td> Guinea - Bissau War of Independence </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mozambique </Td> <Td> State of Mozambique </Td> <Td> 25 June 1975 </Td> <Td> Samora Machel </Td> <Td> Mozambican War of Independence </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cape Verde </Td> <Td> Overseas Province of Cape Verde </Td> <Td> 5 July 1975 </Td> <Td> Aristides Pereira </Td> <Td> Guinea - Bissau War of Independence </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Comoros </Td> <Td> French Comoros </Td> <Td> France </Td> <Td> 6 July 1975 </Td> <Td> Ahmed Abdallah </Td> <Td> Comorian independence referendum, 1974 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> São Tomé and Príncipe </Td> <Td> Overseas Province of São Tomé and Príncipe </Td> <Td> Portugal </Td> <Td> 12 July 1975 </Td> <Td> Manuel Pinto da Costa </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Angola </Td> <Td> State of Angola </Td> <Td> 11 November 1975 </Td> <Td> Agostinho Neto </Td> <Td> Angolan War of Independence </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Seychelles </Td> <Td> Seychelles </Td> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> <Td> 29 June 1976 </Td> <Td> James Richard Marie Mancham </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Djibouti </Td> <Td> French Territory of the Afars and the Issas </Td> <Td> France </Td> <Td> 27 June 1977 </Td> <Td> Hassan Gouled Aptidon </Td> <Td> Afars and Issas independence referendum, 1977 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic </Td> <Td> Spanish Sahara Southern Provinces </Td> <Td> Spain Morocco </Td> <Td> 27 February 1976 independence not yet effectuated </Td> <Td> El - Ouali Mustapha Sayed Mohamed Abdelaziz </Td> <Td> Western Sahara War Western Sahara conflict </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Th> Colonial name </Th> <Th> Colonial power </Th> <Th> Independence date </Th> <Th> First head of state </Th> <Th> Independence won through </Th> </Tr>

By the late 1960s among the remaining european colonies in africa were
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