<Li> Scope: <Ul> <Li> a . Miranda applies to custodial interrogation by known governmental agents . Surreptitious acquisition of incriminating information allowed . </Li> <Li> a . Massiah applies to overt and surreptitious interrogation . </Li> <Li> b . Miranda is not offense specific . </Li> <Li> b . Massiah is offense specific . </Li> <Li> c . Miranda: interrogation + "functional equivalent" </Li> <Li> c . Massiah: interrogation + "deliberate elicitation" </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Ul> <Li> a . Miranda applies to custodial interrogation by known governmental agents . Surreptitious acquisition of incriminating information allowed . </Li> <Li> a . Massiah applies to overt and surreptitious interrogation . </Li> <Li> b . Miranda is not offense specific . </Li> <Li> b . Massiah is offense specific . </Li> <Li> c . Miranda: interrogation + "functional equivalent" </Li> <Li> c . Massiah: interrogation + "deliberate elicitation" </Li> </Ul> <Li> a . Miranda applies to custodial interrogation by known governmental agents . Surreptitious acquisition of incriminating information allowed . </Li> <Li> a . Massiah applies to overt and surreptitious interrogation . </Li>

Once asserted by a suspect the miranda rights are absolute and cannot be waived.​