<P> It was still in the materia medica in the 18th century as a treatment for many ailments, including headache, fever, and hysteria . The Romans believed the fumes produced by burning castoreum could induce an abortion . Paracelsus thought it could be used in the treatment of epilepsy . Castoreum was also used as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic . Castoreum was described in the 1911 British Pharmaceutical Codex for use in dysmenorrhea and hysterical conditions (i.e., pertaining to the womb), for raising blood pressure and increasing cardiac output . The activity of castoreum has been credited to the accumulation of salicin from willow trees in the beaver's diet, which is transformed to salicylic acid and has an action very similar to aspirin . </P> <P> It is one of the 65 ingredients of mithridate, a semi-mythical remedy used as an antidote for poisoning . It is also an ingredient of theriac, a medical concoction originally formulated by the Greeks in the 1st century AD as an alexipharmic, or antidote, considered a universal panacea . </P> <P> In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration lists castoreum extract as a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) food additive . In 1965, the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association's GRAS program (FEMA 2261 and 2262) added castoreum extract and castoreum liquid . Product ingredient lists often refer to it simply as a "natural flavoring ." While it is mainly used in foods and beverages as part of a substitute vanilla flavor, it is less commonly used as a part of a raspberry or strawberry flavoring . The annual industry consumption is very low, around 300 pounds, whereas vanillin is over 2.6 million pounds annually . </P> <P> Castoreum has been traditionally used in Sweden for flavoring schnapps commonly referred to as "Bäverhojt" (literally, beaver shout). </P>

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