<P> William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer both owned newspapers in the American West, and both established papers in New York City: Hearst's New York Journal in 1883 and Pulitzer's New York World in 1896 . Their stated missions to defend the public interest, their circulation wars and their embrace of sensational reporting, which spread to many other newspapers, led to the coinage of the phrase "yellow journalism ." While the public may have benefitted from the beginnings of "muckraking" journalism, their often excessive coverage of juicy stories with sensational reporting turned many readers against them . </P> <P> More generally, newspapers in large cities in the 1890s started using large font multi-column headlines to attract passers - by to buy the paper . Previously headlines seldom were more than one column wide, although multicolumn - width headlines were possible on the presses then in use . The change required typesetters to break with tradition and many small - town papers were reluctant to change . </P> <P> The Progressive Era saw a strong middle class demand for reform, which the leading newspapers and magazines supported with editorial crusades . </P> <P> Building on President McKinley's effective use of the press, President Theodore Roosevelt made his White House the center of news every day, providing interviews and photo opportunities . After noticing the White House reporters huddled outside in the rain one day, he gave them their own room inside, effectively inventing the presidential press briefing . The grateful press, with unprecedented access to the White House, rewarded Roosevelt with intense favorable coverage; The nation's editorial cartoonists loved him even more . Roosevelt's main goal was to promote discussion and support for his package of Square Deal reform policies among his base in the middle - class . When the media strayed too far from his list of approved targets, he criticized them as mud flinging muckrakers . </P>

When did u.s. newspapers begin providing more interpretive journalism