<P> The International Standard Metric Conditions for natural gas and similar fluids are 288.15 K (15.00 ° C; 59.00 ° F) and 101.325 kPa . </P> <P> In industry and commerce, standard conditions for temperature and pressure are often necessary to define the standard reference conditions to express the volumes of gases and liquids and related quantities such as the rate of volumetric flow (the volumes of gases vary significantly with temperature and pressure)--standard cubic meters per second (sm3 / s), and normal cubic meters per second (nm3 / s). However, many technical publications (books, journals, advertisements for equipment and machinery) simply state "standard conditions" without specifying them, often leading to confusion and errors . Good practice always incorporates the reference conditions of temperature and pressure . </P> <P> Before 1918, many professionals and scientists using the metric system of units defined the standard reference conditions of temperature and pressure for expressing gas volumes as being 15 ° C (288.15 K; 59.00 ° F) and 101.325 kPa (1.00 atm; 760 Torr). During those same years, the most commonly used standard reference conditions for people using the imperial or U.S. customary systems was 60 ° F (15.56 ° C; 288.71 K) and 14.696 psi (1 atm) because it was almost universally used by the oil and gas industries worldwide . The above definitions are no longer the most commonly used in either system of units . </P> <P> Many different definitions of standard reference conditions are currently being used by organizations all over the world . The table below lists a few of them, but there are more . Some of these organizations used other standards in the past . For example, IUPAC has, since 1982, defined standard reference conditions as being 0 ° C and 100 kPa (1 bar), in contrast to its old standard of 0 ° C and 101.325 kPa (1 atm). </P>

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