<P> While the quality of free, public education is in crisis, a majority of the urban poor have turned to private schools . In some urban cities, it is estimated as high as two - thirds of all students attend private institutions, many of which charge a modest US $2 per month . There has not been any standardised assessment of how private schools perform, but it is generally accepted that they outperform public schools . </P> <P> Officially, the pupil to teacher ratio within the public school system for primary education is 35: 1 . However, teacher absenteeism in India is exorbitant, with 25% never showing up for work . The World Bank estimates the cost in salaries alone paid to such teachers who have never attended work is US $2 billion per year . </P> <P> A study on teachers by Kremer etc. found out that 25% of private sector teachers and 40% of public sector medical workers were absent during the survey . Among teachers who were paid to teach, absence rates ranged from 14.6% in Maharashtra to 41.9% in Jharkhand . Only 1 in nearly 3,000 public school head teachers had ever dismissed a teacher for repeated absence . The same study found "only about half were teaching, during unannounced visits to a nationally representative sample of government primary schools in India ." </P> <P> As per Report of the Higher education in India, Issues Related to Expansion, Inclusiveness, Quality and Finance, the access to higher education measured in term of gross enrollment ratio increased from 0.7% in 1950 / 51 to 1.4% in 1960--61 . By 2006 / 7 the GER increased to about 11% . Notably, by 2012, it had crossed 20% (as mentioned in an earlier section). </P>

Growth of education facilities in india at secondary level