<Tr> <Th> ISO 3166 code </Th> <Td> IN </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Internet TLD </Th> <Td>. in </Td> </Tr> <P> India (IAST: Bhārat), also called the Republic of India (IAST: Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia . It is the seventh - largest country by area, the second-most populous country (with over 1.2 billion people), and the most populous democracy in the world . It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast . It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east . In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives . India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia . </P> <P> The Indian subcontinent was home to the urban Indus Valley Civilisation of the 3rd millennium BCE . In the following millennium, the oldest scriptures associated with Hinduism began to be composed . Social stratification, based on caste, emerged in the first millennium BCE, and Buddhism and Jainism arose . Early political consolidations took place under the Maurya and Gupta empires; the later peninsular Middle Kingdoms influenced cultures as far as southeast Asia . In the medieval era, Judaism, Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived, and Sikhism emerged, all adding to the region's diverse culture . Much of the north fell to the Delhi Sultanate; the south was united under the Vijayanagara Empire . The economy expanded in the 17th century in the Mughal Empire . In the mid-18th century, the subcontinent came under British East India Company rule, and in the mid-19th under British crown rule . A nationalist movement emerged in the late 19th century, which later, under Mahatma Gandhi, was noted for nonviolent resistance and led to India's independence in 1947 . </P>

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