<P> XIX . There are and can be only two ways of searching into and discovering truth . The one flies from the senses and particulars to the most general axioms, and from these principles, the truth of which it takes for settled and immoveable, proceeds to judgment and to the discovery of middle axioms . And this way is now in fashion . The other derives axioms from the senses and particulars, rising by a gradual and unbroken ascent, so that it arrives at the most general axioms last of all . This is the true way, but as yet untried . </P> <P> In Bacon's utopian novel, The New Atlantis, the ultimate role is given for inductive reasoning: </P> <P> Lastly, we have three that raise the former discoveries by experiments into greater observations, axioms, and aphorisms . These we call interpreters of nature . </P> <P> In 1619, René Descartes began writing his first major treatise on proper scientific and philosophical thinking, the unfinished Rules for the Direction of the Mind . His aim was to create a complete science that he hoped would overthrow the Aristotelian system and establish himself as the sole architect of a new system of guiding principles for scientific research . </P>

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