<Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section is incomplete . (February 2013) </Td> </Tr> <P> This is a summary of nationality laws for each of the twenty - eight EU member states . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan="2"> Member State </Th> <Th> Acquisition by birth </Th> <Th> Acquisition by descent </Th> <Th> Acquisition by marriage </Th> <Th> Acquisition by naturalisation </Th> <Th> Multiple nationality permitted </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> Austria </Td> <Td> <P> Persons born in Austria: </P> <Ul> <Li> at least one of whose married parents is an Austrian citizen </Li> <Li> out of wedlock and whose mother is Austrian citizen </Li> <Li> who is foundling and is found out under the age of 6 months </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <P> Austrian nationality is acquired by descent under one of the following conditions: </P> (show) Conditions <Ul> <Li> born to Austrian parents </Li> <Li> born after January 9, 1983 and if parents are married at the time of birth, Austrian citizenship of either the mother or the father is sufficient </Li> <Li> born before or on January 9, 1983: father must have been an Austrian citizen; children born to an Austrian mother married to a non-Austrian father do not qualify . If parents are not married, however, a father cannot pass on Austrian citizenship, whereas a mother can </Li> <Li> should the parents happen to marry at some time after birth, citizenship is automatically granted to child retroactively . If the child is over 14 at that time, child's consent is needed . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 6 years' residence if married for at least 5 years (and general citizenship conditions are met, including German language proficiency) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 6 years' residence if born in Austria, citizen of another EEC country, granted asylum, or "exceptionally integrated" </Li> <Li> depending on fulfillment of other conditions, up to 30 years' residence </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Only allowed with special permission or if dual citizenship was obtained at birth (binational parents (one Austrian, one foreign) or birth in a jus - soli country such as USA and Canada) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> Belgium </Td> <Td> <P> Persons born in Belgium who: </P> <Ul> <Li> are stateless </Li> <Li> are foundlings </Li> <Li> lose any other nationality before 18 </Li> <Li> have a parent born in Belgium </Li> <Li> have a birth or adopted parent resident in Belgium for at least 5 of the past 10 years </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <P> Belgian nationality is acquired by descent under one of the following conditions: </P> <Ul> <Li> Belgian citizen father </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Yes--after 3 years cohabitation in Belgium </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 5 years' residence--can petition federal government </Li> <Li> 10 years' residence--automatic by request at city hall </Li> <Li> 2 years' residence (stateless persons) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> Bulgaria </Td> <Td> <P> Persons born in Bulgaria who: </P> <Ul> <Li> are stateless </Li> <Li> are foundlings </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <P> Bulgarian nationality is acquired by descent under one of the following conditions: </P> (show) Conditions <Ul> <Li> At least one parent is a Bulgarian citizen </Li> <Li> Any person of Bulgarian ethnicity; Also, member of a historical Bulgarian ethnic community (e.g. in Macedonia, Ukraine, Moldova) (no limit on number of generations). </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The applicant should be at least 18 years old; </Li> <Li> have permission for permanent or for long - term residence in Bulgaria since at least 3 years; </Li> <Li> have not been investigated or sentenced by the Bulgarian authorities; </Li> <Li> have income or occupation; </Li> <Li> be able to speak and write in Bulgarian; </Li> <Li> renounce previous citizenship (not applicable to citizens of the EU and EEA countries, Switzerland and countries with reciprocity agreement with Bulgaria; dual citizenship is allowed for them); </Li> <Li> have marriage to Bulgarian citizen since at least 3 years and the marriage is actual . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The applicant should be at least 18 years old; </Li> <Li> have permission for permanent or for long - term residence in Bulgaria since at least 5 years; </Li> <Li> have not been investigated or sentenced by the Bulgarian authorities; </Li> <Li> have income or occupation; </Li> <Li> be able to speak and write in Bulgarian; </Li> <Li> renounce previous citizenship (not applicable to citizens of the EU and EEA countries, Switzerland and countries with reciprocity agreement with Bulgaria; dual citizenship is allowed for them). </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Yes - for Bulgarian citizens by birth; </Li> <Li> Yes - for naturalised citizens of the EU and EEA countries, Switzerland and countries with reciprocity agreement with Bulgaria </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> Croatia </Td> <Td> Persons born in Croatia: <Ul> <Li> At least one parent is a Croatian citizen </Li> <Li> who is foundling (but such citizenship can be revoked if later established both parents were foreign citizens) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Croatian nationality is acquired by descent under one of the following conditions: <P> Conditions: born to Croatian parents born after March 1, 1991 and if parents are married at the time of birth, Croatian citizenship of mother the father is required should the parents happen to marry at some time after birth, citizenship is automatically granted to child retroactively . If the child is over 14 at that time, child's consent is needed.? </P> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 8 years' residence (can be shortened) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 8 years' residence </Li> <Li> sufficient knowledge of Croatian language </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Yes, but persons seeking to become Croatian citizens by naturalisation are to renounce foreign citizenship unless applying by' privileged naturalisation' (e.g. descendants of Croatian emigrants) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> Cyprus </Td> <Td> <P> Persons born in Cyprus who: </P> <Ul> <Li> are stateless </Li> <Li> are foundlings </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <P> Cypriot nationality is acquired by descent under one of the following conditions: </P> (show) Conditions <Ul> <Li> born to Greek Cypriot parent (s) </Li> <Li> born to Turkish Cypriot parent (s) after 1974 whose parent (s) was / were citizen of the Republic prior to 1974 </Li> <Li> Turkish Cypriots who have lost their citizenship after the occupation in 1974 </Li> <Li> born to a Turkish Cypriot parent and a Turkish parent if the Turkish parent is not a settler after 1974 (marriage must not have taken place in Northern Cyprus after 1974) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 3 years' residence </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 7 years' residence </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> Czech Republic </Td> <Td> <P> Persons born in the Czech Republic: </P> <Ul> <Li> who are foundlings </Li> <Li> whose parents are both stateless, and at least one of whom is a Czech permanent resident </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> No </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Holders of a Czech permanent residence permit for at least 5 years (or 3 years for EU citizens), with real / factual residence in Czechia totalling at least half the relevant period (absences not exceeding 2 months (or 6 months for serious reasons) not being relevant) </Li> <Li> Holders of a Czech permanent residence permit (at the date of the application), and lawfully resident in Czechia for 10 years, with real / factual residence in Czechia totalling at least 5 years (absences not exceeding 2 months (or 6 months for serious reasons) not being relevant) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Yes, effective January 1, 2014 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> Denmark </Td> <Td> <P> Persons born in Denmark who: </P> <Ul> <Li> are foundlings </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Persons who have at least one parent with Danish citizenship . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 6 years' residence if married for at least 3 years </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 9 years' residence (holders of a permanent residence permit) </Li> <Li> 8 years' residence (refugees and stateless persons) </Li> <Li> 2 years' residence (citizens of a Nordic country, i.e. Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Yes, effective September 1, 2015 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> Estonia </Td> <Td> <P> Persons born in Estonia who: </P> <Ul> <Li> are foundlings </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Persons who have at least one parent with Estonian citizenship . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <P> No (unless married to an Estonian citizen before 26 February 1992) </P> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 8 years' residence </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <P> Estonia does not recognize multiple citizenship . However, Estonian citizens by descent cannot be deprived of their Estonian citizenship, and are de facto allowed to have multiple citizenship . </P> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> Finland </Td> <Td> <P> Persons born in Finland who: </P> <Ul> <Li> are stateless, or </Li> <Li> are foundlings </Li> </Ul> <P> (Possibility to obtain citizenship by declaration exists for inborn aliens who have lived a major part of their childhood in Finland .) </P> </Td> <Td> <P> Finnish nationality is acquired by descent from a Finnish mother, and from a Finnish father under one of the following conditions: </P> (show) Conditions <Ul> <Li> the child's father is a Finnish citizen and the parents are married; </Li> <Li> the child's father is a Finnish citizen, the child was born in Finland out of wedlock and the father's paternity is established </Li> <Li> the child's father who died before the child was born was a Finnish citizen and who was married to the child's mother at the time of his death; or </Li> <Li> the child's father, who died before the birth of the child, was a Finnish citizen and the child was born in Finland out of wedlock and the father's paternity was established . </Li> <Li> a child born out of wedlock to a Finnish father outside Finland can get citizenship by declaration, if paternity is established . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Minimum residence requirement of four years of residence . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Five years of continuous residence (or a total of seven years of residence since age 15) in Finland; and </Li> <Li> knowledge of at least one of Finnish, Swedish or Finnish sign language . </Li> <Li> Reductions apply under certain conditions . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> France </Td> <Td> <P> At birth, persons born in France who: </P> <Ul> <Li> Are stateless . </Li> <Li> Aged 13--16, upon the parent's request, having resided habitually in France since the age of 8 . </Li> <Li> Aged 16--18, upon their own request, having resided in France for 5 years (continuously or discontinuously) since the age of 11 . </Li> <Li> Aged 18, automatically for persons born in France, having resided in France for 5 years (continuously or discontinuously) since the age of 11 . </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> </Td> <Td> <P> French nationality is acquired by descent under one of the following conditions: </P> <Ul> <Li> Through parentage (right of blood): </Li> <Li> The child (legitimate or natural) is French if at least one parent is French . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 4 years' marriage; also, after 5 years outside France </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Naturalisation conditions <Ul> <Li> 5 years of continuous residence . </Li> <Li> This condition is reduced to 2 years for: <Ul> <Li> Persons who have completed successfully 2 years of higher education in a French school / university . </Li> <Li> Persons who have done exceptional contributions to France (civil, scientific, economic, cultural, sports). </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> The continuous residence condition is waived for: <Ul> <Li> Persons who have served in the French military . </Li> <Li> Persons who are refugees in France . </Li> <Li> Persons for whom French is their mother tongue or who have been enrolled for 5 years in a French - language institution in a country where the official language or one of the official languages is French . </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> Germany </Td> <Td> <P> Persons born in Germany, if at least one parent has resided in Germany for at least 8 years and holds a permanent residence permit </P> </Td> <Td> German nationality is acquired by descent under one of the following conditions: <Ul> <Li> Through parentage (right of blood) </Li> <Li> Member of recognised historical German community abroad (e.g. in the Balkans, Kazakhstan); Also granted to children / grandchildren of those deprived of citizenship by the Nuremberg Laws </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 2 years of marriage and 3 years of continuous residence in Germany </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 8 years' residence </Li> <Li> 7 years' residence (if an integration course has been completed) </Li> <Li> 6 years' residence (if especially well integrated and has a very high command of the German language, or a refugee or stateless person) </Li> <Li> No residence (victims of Nazi persecution) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <P> No, unless: </P> (show) Conditions <Ul> <Li> the non-German citizenship is obtained by birth (binational parents (one German, one foreign) or birth in a jus - soli country such as USA and Canada) </Li> <Li> the non-German citizenship is of an EU country or Switzerland and obtained by naturalisation </Li> <Li> the non-German citizenship is obtained by naturalisation and permission has been granted by the German authorities </Li> <Li> German citizenship is obtained by naturalisation by a refugee </Li> <Li> German citizenship is obtained by naturalisation and permission has been granted by the German authorities to keep the non-German citizenship under § 12 StAG </Li> <Li> born in Germany to at least one legal permanent resident and grown up there . The foreign parents born and grown up abroad cannot have dual citizenship themselves . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> Greece </Td> <Td> <P> Persons born in Greece who: </P> <Ul> <Li> have a parent born in Greece </Li> <Li> are foundlings </Li> <Li> are stateless </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <P> Greek nationality is acquired by descent under one of the following conditions: </P> <Ul> <Li> Member of recognised historical Greek community abroad in countries of ex-USSR </Li> <Li> Ethnic Greek of different citizenship accepted to military academies, or inscribes to serve to the army, or enlists as a volunteer in time of war </Li> <Li> Child or grandchild of a Greek Citizen </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 3 years of continuous residence in Greece and has an offspring from the marriage </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 10 years residence in the last 12 years </Li> <Li> 5 years residence in the last 12 years for refugees </Li> <Li> Sufficient knowledge of Greek language, Greek history, and Greek culture in general </Li> <Li> Athlete of an Olympic Sport, with 5 years residence in the last 12 years, who fulfills the conditions of being a member of the Greek National Team of that sport, as these are stated by the international laws for that sport </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> Hungary </Td> <Td> <P> Persons born in Hungary who: </P> <Ul> <Li> are foundlings </Li> <Li> are stateless </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <P> Hungarian nationality is acquired by descent under one of the following conditions: </P> <Ul> <Li> At least one parent is a Hungarian citizen </Li> <Li> Any person of Hungarian ethnicity, which has to be proven by </Li> </Ul> <Ol> <Li> sufficient level of Hungarian language </Li> <Li> demonstrating at least one ancestor born in the Kingdom of Hungary (no limit on number of generations). </Li> </Ol> </Td> <Td> Yes After 3 years </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> After 8 years and meeting conditions of good character </Li> <Li> After 5 years if <Ul> <Li> born in Hungary </Li> <Li> resided in Hungary in their pupillage </Li> <Li> stateless </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> After 3 years if <Ul> <Li> married to a Hungarian citizen </Li> <Li> has a minor child that is Hungarian citizen </Li> <Li> adopted by a Hungarian citizen </Li> <Li> refugee in Hungary </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> Ireland </Td> <Td> <P> Persons born in Ireland: </P> <Ul> <Li> are automatically an Irish citizen if he or she is not entitled to the citizenship of any other country . </Li> <Li> entitled to be an Irish citizen if at least one parent is: <Ul> <Li> an Irish citizen (or someone entitled to be an Irish citizen). </Li> <Li> a resident of the island of Ireland who is entitled to reside in either the Republic or Northern Ireland without any time limit on that residence . </Li> <Li> a legal resident of the island of Ireland for three out of the 4 years preceding the child's birth . </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <P> Irish nationality is acquired by descent under one of the following conditions: </P> <Ul> <Li> if at the time of birth, at least one parent was an Irish citizen . </Li> <Li> if you have an Irish citizen grandparent born on the island of Ireland . The parent would have automatically been an Irish citizen . Grandchild can secure citizenship by registering themselves in the Foreign Births Register . Citizenship gained via the Foreign Births Register can only be passed on to children born after the parent themselves were registered . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 3 years of marriage or civil partnership to an Irish citizen . Three - years of residency out of the most recent five year period is required . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 5 years of residency in Ireland, of which 1 (one) year immediately before application <Ul> <Li> The residency period can be waived, in the discretion of the Minister of Justice, for a person of "Irish descent or associations". </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> Italy </Td> <Td> <P> Persons born in Italy who: </P> <Ul> <Li> are foundlings </Li> <Li> are stateless </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <P> Italian nationality is acquired by descent under one of the following conditions: </P> (show) Conditions <Ul> <Li> (Rules are in place that permit the recognition of Italian nationality for many members of the Italian diaspora, even generations after departure . The rules are complex .) </Li> <Li> Citizenship was accorded ethnic Italians born in the territory only in / after 1863 . </Li> <Li> After this, Italian citizen fathers could pass down citizenship . </Li> <Li> Mothers pass down citizenship only for children born in / after 1948 . </Li> <Li> A child gaining another citizenship by birth may also gain Italian citizenship by parentage, with no interference . If such a child is an Italian citizen, he / she can pass on citizenship subject to the rules above, like any other Italian citizen . </Li> <Li> A person naturalising to a foreign state loses the right to pass on citizenship to any children he / she may have after naturalisation . </Li> <Li> A father's later naturalisation also retroactively annulled the child's citizenship if the child was born before 1910 . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 2 years of legal residence in Italy (3 years if living abroad) through naturalisation </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 10 years' residence, no criminal record and sufficient financial resources </Li> <Li> 7 years' residence for children adopted by Italian citizens </Li> <Li> 5 years' residence for refugees or stateless individuals </Li> <Li> 4 years' residence for EU member states nationals </Li> <Li> 3 years' residence for descendants of Italian grandparents and for foreigners born in Italy </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> Latvia </Td> <Td> <P> Persons born in Latvia who: </P> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <P> Latvian nationality is acquired by descent under one of the following conditions: </P> <Ul> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> After 5 years of permanent residence </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Starting from October the 1st, 2013 hereby listed persons are eligible to have dual citizenship with Latvia: <Ul> <Li> citizens of member countries of EU, NATO and EFTA (Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland) </Li> <Li> citizens of Australia, Venezuela, Brazil, New Zealand </Li> <Li> citizens of the counties that have had mutual recognition of dual citizenship with Latvia </Li> <Li> people who were granted the dual citizenship by the Cabinet of Ministers of Latvia </Li> <Li> people of Latvian or Livonian ethnicity or exiles registering citizenship of Latvia </Li> <Li> people who have applied for dual citizenship before the previous Latvian Citizenship law (1995). </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> Lithuania </Td> <Td> <P> Persons born in Lithuania who: </P> <Ul> <Li> are stateless . </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <P> Lithuanian nationality is acquired by descent under one of the following conditions: </P> <Ul> <Li> at least one parent is a Lithuanian citizen </Li> <Li> at least one direct ancestor was Lithuanian citizen during the period of 1918 - 1940 . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 7 years of permanent residence and demonstrating Lithuanian language ability </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> No </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> Luxembourg </Td> <Td> <P> Persons born in Luxembourg who: </P> <Ul> <Li> are stateless, or </Li> <Li> are foundlings, or </Li> <Li> have a parent born in Luxembourg </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Yes <P> 3 years' residence and marriage to a Luxembourgish citizen </P> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 5 years' residence, including 12 months continuous residence immediately preceding the citizenship application </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> Malta </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Persons born in Malta between 21 September 1964 and 31 July 1989 </Li> <Li> Persons born outside Malta between 21 September 1964 and 31 July 1989 to a father with Maltese citizenship through birth in Malta, registration or naturalisation </Li> <Li> Persons born on or after 1 August 1989, inside or outside Malta, to at least one parent with Maltese citizenship through birth in Malta, registration or naturalisation </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <P> Maltese nationality is acquired by descent under the following condition: </P> <Ul> <Li> Direct descendant, second or subsequent generation, born abroad of an ascendant who was born in Malta of a parent who was also born in Malta . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Yes <P> 5 years of marriage to a Maltese citizen (if de jure or de facto separated, then still living together five years after the marriage) or a widow / widower of a Maltese citizen five years after the marriage </P> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 5 years of residence or </Li> <Li> citizenship - by - investment program </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> Netherlands </Td> <Td> <P> Persons born in Netherlands who: </P> <Ul> <Li> see: "Dutch by birth" </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <P> Dutch nationality is acquired by descent under one of the following conditions: </P> <Ul> <Li> Persons with a Dutch parent </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 3 years of residence and demonstrating Dutch language ability </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> After 5 years uninterrupted residence, with continuous registration in the municipal register <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <P> No, unless: </P> (show) Conditions <Ul> <Li> the non-Dutch citizenship is obtained by birth (through a parent with non-Dutch citizenship or birth in a jus soli country) </Li> <Li> the non-Dutch citizenship is acquired through jus matrimonii (acquired automatically through marriage) </Li> <Li> the non-Dutch citizenship is obtained by naturalisation and the person has lived in the naturalized country for at least five years before turning 18 </Li> <Li> Dutch citizenship is obtained by naturalisation when married to a Dutch national </Li> <Li> Dutch citizenship is obtained by naturalisation by a refugee </Li> <Li> Dutch citizenship is obtained by naturalisation and the person is unable to renounce his current nationality due to various reasons (military service, high renunciation fees, or prohibited from renouncing by the country's laws) </Li> <Li> Dutch citizenship is obtained by naturalisation and the person is a citizen of a country that is not recognized by the Netherlands </Li> <Li> Dutch citizenship is obtained by naturalisation as a minor . </Li> </Ul> <P> Persons over 18 with multiple nationalities must live in the Netherlands or the EU for at least one year out of every ten years, or receive a Dutch passport or a nationality certificate every ten years . </P> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> Poland </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> A child born to a Polish parent . </Li> <Li> Children born or found in Poland acquire Polish citizenship when both parents are unknown, or when their citizenship cannot be established, or if determined to be statelessness . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <P> Polish nationality is acquired by descent under one of the following conditions: </P> (show) Conditions <Ul> <Li> Certain descendants of Polish citizens, even after multiple generations, can apply for recognition: </Li> <Li> Polish citizenship begins 1920 . </Li> <Li> Acquisition of foreign citizenship prior to 1951 led to the loss of Polish nationality . </Li> <Li> After this, any Polish citizen transmits nationality to all his / her children and nationality is only lost by explicit request . </Li> <Li> These children can pass on nationality as well . </Li> </Ul> <P> Descendants of Polish - language / ethnic persons in some neighboring countries including Belarus, Lithuania, Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine et al., can apply for Karta Polaka which gives many of the same rights as Polish citizenship but serves as a substitute when acquisition of Polish citizenship would result in the loss of the person's earlier citizenship . </P> </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 3 years of residence with permanent residence permit card under the condition of speaking Polish language proven by certificate </Li> <Li> 2 years of residence with permanent residence permit card acquired on the basis of marriage with Polish citizen and condition of speaking Polish language proven by certificate </Li> <Li> 1 year of residence with permanent residence permit card acquired on the basis of Polish ethnicity or by possessing Pole's Card and condition of speaking Polish language proven by certificate </Li> <Li> 10 years of lawful residence (under any type of residence permit / visas) and possession of permanent residence card with condition of speaking Polish language proven by certificate </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Yes but in Poland, Polish identification must be used and the dual citizen is treated legally as only Polish </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> Portugal </Td> <Td> <P> Persons born in Portugal who: </P> <Ul> <Li> are stateless </Li> <Li> are foundlings </Li> <Li> have a birth parent resident in Portugal for at least 10 years on a valid residence permit </Li> <Li> have a birth parent with citizenship of a Lusophone country and resident in Portugal for at least 6 years on a valid residence permit </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <P> Portuguese nationality is transmitted by descent under one of the following conditions: </P> (show) Conditions <Ul> <Li> a child becomes a Portuguese national at birth, and nationality is recognised by the law itself if at least one of the parents of that child is a Portuguese national and the birth takes place in Portugal or in a territory administered by Portugal . (That form of transmission of nationality, combining descent from a Portuguese parent and birth in Portugal is the main form of transmission of the Portuguese nationality). No registration is necessary for the transmission of nationality in that case . </Li> <Li> Nationality is also recognised by the law itself at birth to a child born outside Portugal, provided that the said child has at least one Portuguese parent, and the birth takes place outside Portugal due to the parent's service to the Portuguese State abroad . No registration is necessary for the transmission of nationality in that case, </Li> <Li> Nationality retroactive to the moment of birth is recognised by the law to a person born outside Portugal if at least one of the birth parents is a Portuguese national, but only if that person's birth is registered before the Portuguese Civil Registry or if a declaration by that person, stating that he or she wants to be a Portuguese citizen, is lodged with the Portuguese Civil Registry . The registration of the birth can be applied for at any time during the person's life, by the parents, by another legal guardian of a minor, or by the person himself, if the person is already of age (18 years old or older). The registration of the birth or of the declaration can be made at any time during the person's life, but the descendants of that person cannot ask for the registration after that person is dead . Thus, if one generation is skipped, the next generation cannot register . Registration can be made either in Portugal or by means of a Portuguese Consulate abroad . If the registration is applied to by means of a Consulate, the Consulate processes the request and sends the necessary papers to the central registry office of the Portuguese Civil Registry in Lisbon . Given that the registration produces legal effects retroactive to the moment of birth, the person, once registered as a Portuguese citizen, is recognised by law as a natural born citizen. (Sons and daughters of that person, even if born before the moment of that person's registration, and even if born outside Portugal are therefore themselves able to apply for registration as Portuguese citizens, because their parent is a Portuguese citizen since birth . Accordingly, this form of transmission of nationality, combining descent and registration, allows for the transmission of Portuguese nationality from generation to generation indefinitely, even if the members of the successive generations are born outside Portugal and never reside in Portugal, provided that registration is not skipped by one generation). Many descendants of Portuguese immigrants, especially in Brazil and other Lusophone countries, hold dual nationality, being recognised as natural born Portuguese citizens upon registration under that rule . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> A person married to a Portuguese national for at least 3 years can apply to be registered as a Portuguese national as a matter of right, provided that the registration is applied for during the marriage (and not after its dissolution by death or divorce). Nationality takes effect upon registration and is not retroactive, and is not lost by the dissolution of the marriage . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Naturalisation conditions <Ul> <Li> Naturalisation can be granted at the State's discretion to persons who are of age and who reside in Portugal for at least six years on a valid permit, provided that they demonstrate knowledge of the Portuguese language and have never been convicted of a crime punishable under Portuguese law with a prison term of 3 years or more . </Li> <Li> Naturalisation can be granted to persons who do not reside in Portugal, or who do not satisfy the condition of residing in Portugal for at least six years on a valid permit, provided that the person applying is a second degree relative (grandson or granddaughter, or a sibling) of a Portuguese citizen . </Li> <Li> the Portuguese Government can also grant naturalisation to foreigners who are of age and who meet neither the six - year legal residency requirement nor the knowledge of the Portuguese language requirement, provided that the person was a Portuguese national in the past, or that the applicant is held to be a descendant of Portuguese citizens, or a member of Portuguese communities abroad, or provided that the applicant is found to have rendered, or is expected to render in the future relevant services to the Portuguese State or to the national community . </Li> <Li> Minors born in Portugal to foreign parents can by be granted Portuguese Nationality by the Government, if, at the time of the request made on their behalf by their legal representatives, they have completed the first cycle of the basic education in Portugal, and if one of the parents legally resides in Portugal for at least five years . The requirements of being of age at the time of the request and of legally residing in Portugal for at least six years are waived with respect to a minor meeting those conditions, but the minor must still demonstrate sufficient knowledge of the Portuguese language, and must not have been convicted to crimes that carry under Portuguese law a prison penalty of three years or more . </Li> <Li> the Portuguese Government can also grant naturalisation to foreigners who prove that they descend from Portuguese Sephardic Jews and who demonstrate that they belong to a traditional Jewish Sephardic community of Portuguese origin; </Li> <Li> Nationality is granted as a matter of right (and not by naturalisation in the strict sense) to a person who is a son or a daughter of someone who acquires Portuguese Nationality by naturalisation, provided that the person was a minor at the time of the parent's naturalisation, and provided that the person in question, either represented by his parents or by another legal guardian (during minority or incapacity), or by himself (once of age) applies to be registered as a Portuguese national . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> Romania </Td> <Td> <P> Persons born in Romania who: </P> <Ul> <Li> are foundlings </Li> <Li> have Romanian parents </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <P> Romanian nationality is acquired by descent under one of the following conditions: </P> (show) Conditions <Ul> <Li> Persons with a Romanian ancestor up to 3 generations back may be eligible for citizenship: </Li> <Li> Persons with at least one parent, grandparent or great - grandparent, born anytime before 1940 in a location that was in the Kingdom of Romania between 1918 and 1940 (including Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina) and can demonstrate competence in the Romanian language, are eligible for restoration of citizenship . </Li> <Li> Persons with a parent or grandparent still registered as a Romanian citizen, may apply for clarification of their own citizenship . Romanian citizenship is NOT automatically lost by naturalisation to a foreign country . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 5 years' residence in Romania </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 8 years' residence </Li> <Li> 4 years' residence (EU citizens), but requires permanent residency which is typically issued after 5 years </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> Slovakia </Td> <Td> <P> Persons born in Slovakia who: </P> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <P> Slovak nationality is acquired by descent under one of the following conditions: </P> <Ul> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> After 5 years' residence in Slovakia, and living in Slovakia without any immigration restrictions at the time of application </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 8 years' residence (5 years until a permanent residence is acquired plus 3 years of permanent residence) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Dual citizenship is only permitted to Slovak citizens who acquire a second citizenship by birth or through marriage; and to foreign nationals who apply for Slovak citizenship and meet the requirements of the Citizenship Act . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> Slovenia </Td> <Td> <P> A child born in Slovenia is a Slovenian citizen if either parent is a Slovenian citizen . Where the child is born outside Slovenia the child will be automatically Slovenian if: </P> <Ul> <Li> both parents are Slovenian citizens; or </Li> <Li> one parent is Slovenian and the other parent is unknown, is of unknown citizenship or is stateless . </Li> </Ul> <P> A person born outside Slovenia with one Slovenian parent who is not Slovenian automatically may acquire Slovenian citizenship through: </P> <Ul> <Li> an application for registration as a Slovenian citizen made at any time before age 36; or </Li> <Li> taking up permanent residence in Slovenia before age 18 . </Li> </Ul> <P> Children adopted by Slovenian citizens may be granted Slovenian citizenship . </P> </Td> <Td> <P> Slovenian nationality is acquired by descent under one of the following conditions: </P> <Ul> <Li> A person of "Slovenian origin" up to the fourth generation in direct descent or a former Slovenian citizen may be naturalised without any residence requirements . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> A person who is married to a Slovenian citizen for at least two years may be naturalised after one year's residence in Slovenia </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> A total of 10 years residence in Slovenia, including 5 years continuous residence before the application </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Dual citizenship is generally permitted in Slovenia, except for certain persons seeking to become Slovenian citizens by naturalisation they are to renounce any foreign citizenship (the requirement to renounce foreign citizenship may be waived upon special application). </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> Spain </Td> <Td> <P> Persons born in Spain who: </P> <Ul> <Li> are stateless, or </Li> <Li> are foundlings </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Children of Spanish citizens </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 1 year of marriage to a Spanish citizen and residence in Spain </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 10 years' residence </Li> <Li> 5 years' residence (refugees) </Li> <Li> 2 years' residence (for nationals of Iberoamerica, Andorra, Philippines, Equatorial Guinea, Portugal, or if the individual is a Sephardi Jew) </Li> <Li> 1 year's residence (persons born in Spain) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Yes (if a Spanish citizen by descent / origin); if naturalising in an Iberoamerican country, Spanish--and EU citizenship--is "dormant" until the return to Spain; see Multiple citizenship . </Li> <Li> No (if a naturalised Spanish citizen, unless from Iberoamerica, Andorra, Philippines, Equatorial Guinea or Portugal) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> Sweden </Td> <Td> <P> Persons born in Sweden who: </P> <Ul> <Li> are stateless, or </Li> <Li> are foundlings (cancelled if parents found) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <P> Swedish nationality is acquired by descent under one of the following conditions: </P> (show) Conditions <Ul> <Li> Person: whose mother is a Swedish citizen, </Li> <Li> or born in Sweden whose father is a Swedish citizen </Li> <Li> whose father is a Swedish citizen and married to the mother (also later marriage) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 3 years' marriage in case residing in Sweden, 10 years in case living abroad with a Swedish spouse and has' strong ties' to Sweden, by family visits and such </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 5 years normal residence permit (not the time limited residence / work permit / Study Permit) and must hold Swedish permanent residence permit at the time of applying or person with a visa intended for settlement in Sweden with 5 years residence in Sweden . </Li> <Li> 2 years if citizen of a Nordic country (i.e. Denmark, Finland, Iceland and Norway) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> United Kingdom </Td> <Td> <P> Persons born in United Kingdom who are "British by birth" (see separate article) </P> </Td> <Td> <P> British nationality is acquired by descent under one of several conditions . See separate article section of "British by descent" for details . </P> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 3 years' residence (must be without any immigration restrictions on date of application) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 5 years' continuous residence, with at least 12 months' residence without any conditions (the last year of which without any immigration restrictions, i.e. Indefinite Leave to Remain or permanent residence as an EU citizen) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan="2"> Member State </Th> <Th> Acquisition by birth </Th> <Th> Acquisition by descent </Th> <Th> Acquisition by marriage </Th> <Th> Acquisition by naturalisation </Th> <Th> Multiple nationality permitted </Th> </Tr>

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