<P> The wildlife of Antarctica are extremophiles, having to adapt to the dryness, low temperatures, and high exposure common in Antarctica . The extreme weather of the interior contrasts to the relatively mild conditions on the Antarctic Peninsula and the subantarctic islands, which have warmer temperatures and more liquid water . Much of the ocean around the mainland is covered by sea ice . The oceans themselves are a more stable environment for life, both in the water column and on the seabed . </P> <P> There is relatively little diversity in Antarctica compared to much of the rest of the world . Terrestrial life is concentrated in areas near the coast . Flying birds nest on the milder shores of the Peninsula and the subantarctic islands . Eight species of penguins inhabit Antarctica and its offshore islands . They share these areas with seven pinniped species . The Southern Ocean around Antarctica is home to 10 cetaceans, many of them migratory . There are very few terrestrial invertebrates on the mainland, although the species that do live there have high population densities . High densities of invertebrates also live in the ocean, with Antarctic krill forming dense and widespread swarms during the summer . Benthic animal communities also exist around the continent . </P> <P> Over 1000 fungi species have been found on and around Antarctica . Larger species are restricted to the subantarctic islands, and the majority of species discovered have been terrestrial . Plants are similarly restricted mostly to the subantarctic islands, and the western edge of the Peninsula . Some mosses and lichens however can be found even in the dry interior . Many algae are found around Antarctica, especially phytoplankton, which form the basis of many of Antarctica's food webs . </P>

Why are there no terrestrial mammals in antarctica today
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