<P> Much of the Virginia Plan was adopted . All the powers in the Articles transfer to the new government . Congress has two houses, the' house' apportioned by population . It can enact laws affecting more than one state and Congress can override a veto . The President can enforce the law . The Supreme Court and inferior courts rule on international, U.S. and state law . The Constitution is the supreme law and all state officers swear to uphold the Constitution . Every state is a republic, and new states can be admitted . The Articles Congress continued until the new system started . Amendments are possible without Congress . The Convention recommendations went to Congress, from them to the states . State legislatures set the election rules for ratification conventions, and the people "expressly" chose representatives to consider and decide about the Constitution . </P> <P> June 15, William Patterson (NJ) proposed the Convention minority's New Jersey Plan . It was weighted toward the interests of the smaller, less populous states . The intent was to preserve the states from a plan to "destroy or annihilate" them . The New Jersey Plan was purely federal, authority flowed from the states . Gradual change should come from the states . If the Articles could not be amended, then advocates argued that should be the report from the Convention to the states . </P> <P> Although the New Jersey Plan only survived three days as an alternate proposal, substantial elements of it were adopted . The articles were "revised, corrected and enlarged" for good government and preservation of the Union . The Senate is elected by the states, at first by the state legislatures . Congress passes acts for revenue collected directly in the states, and the rulings of state courts are reviewed by the Supreme Court . State apportionment for taxes failed, but the' house' is apportioned by the population count of free inhabitants and three - fifths of others originally . States can be added to the Union . Presidents appoint federal judges . Treaties entered into by Congress are the supreme law of the land . All state judiciaries are bound to enforce treaties, state laws notwithstanding . The President can raise an army to enforce treaties in any state . States treat a violation of law in another state as though it happened there . </P> <P> Current knowledge of drafting the Constitution comes primarily from the Journal left by James Madison, found chronologically incorporated in Max Farrand's "The Records of the Federal Convention of 1787", which included the Convention Journal and sources from other Federalists and Anti-Federalists . </P>

State laws do not have to be approved by the federal government before they become effective