<P> Massachusetts was a center of the movement for independence from Great Britain, earning it the nickname, the "Cradle of Liberty". Colonists here had long had uneasy relations with the British monarchy, including open rebellion under the Dominion of New England in the 1680s . The Boston Tea Party is an example of the protest spirit in the early 1770s, while the Boston Massacre escalated the conflict . Anti-British activity by men like Sam Adams and John Hancock, followed by reprisals by the British government, were a primary reason for the unity of the Thirteen Colonies and the outbreak of the American Revolution . The Battles of Lexington and Concord initiated the American Revolutionary War and were fought in the Massachusetts towns of Lexington and Concord . Future President George Washington took over what would become the Continental Army after the battle . His first victory was the Siege of Boston in the winter of 1775--76, after which the British were forced to evacuate the city . The event is still celebrated in Suffolk County as Evacuation Day . In 1777, George Washington and Henry Knox founded the Arsenal at Springfield, which catalyzed many innovations in Massachusetts' Connecticut River Valley . </P> <P> Boston was the center of revolutionary activity in the decade before 1775, with Massachusetts natives Samuel Adams, John Adams, and John Hancock as leaders who would become important in the revolution . Boston had been under military occupation since 1768 . When customs officials were attacked by mobs, two regiments of British regulars arrived . They had been housed in the city with increasing public outrage . </P> <P> In Boston on March 5, 1770, what began as a rock - throwing incident against a few British soldiers ended in the shooting of five men by British soldiers in what became known as the Boston Massacre . The incident caused further anger against British authority in the commonwealth over taxes and the presence of the British soldiers . </P> <P> One of the many taxes protested by the colonists was a tax on tea, imposed when Parliament passed the Townshend Acts, and retained when most of the provisions of those acts were repealed . With the passage of the Tea Act in 1773, tea sold by the British East India Company would become less expensive than smuggled tea, and there would be reduced profitmaking opportunities for Massachusetts merchants engaged in the tea trade . This led to protests against the delivery of the company's tea to Boston . On December 16, 1773, when a tea ship of the East India Company was planning to land taxed tea in Boston, a group of local men known as the Sons of Liberty sneaked onto the boat the night before it was to be unloaded and dumped all the tea into the harbor, an act known as the Boston Tea Party . </P>

What did the british do in 1770 to restore order in massachusetts
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