<P> The psychologist Carl Jung identified twelve primary' original patterns' of the human psyche . He believed that these reside in the collective subconscious of people across cultural and political boundaries . These twelve archetypes are often cited in fictional characters .' Flat' characters may be considered so because they stick to a single archetype without deviating, whereas' complex' or' realistic' characters will combine several archetypes, with some being more dominant than others--as people are in real life . Jung's twelve archetypes are: the Innocent, the Orphan, the Hero, the Caregiver, the Explorer, the Rebel, the Lover, the Creator, the Jester, the Sage, the Magician, and the Ruler . </P> <P> A character's voice is his or her manner of speech . Different characters use different vocabularies and rhythms of speech . For example, some characters are talkative, others taciturn . The way a character speaks can be a powerful way of revealing the character's personality . In theory, a reader should be able to identify which character is speaking simply from the way he or she talks . When a character voice has been created that is rich and distinctive, the writer can get away with omitting many speech attributions (tag lines). </P> <P> The manner of a character's speech is to literature what an actor's appearance and costume are to cinema . In fiction, what a character says, as well as how he or she says it, makes a strong impression on the reader . Each character should have his or her distinctive voice . To differentiate characters in fiction, the writer must show them doing and saying things, but a character must be defined by more than one single topic of conversation or by the character's accent . The character will have other interests or personality quirks as well . Although individual temperament is the largest determinant of what a character says, it is not the only one . The writer can make the characters' dialogue more realistic and interesting by considering several factors affecting how people speak: ethnicity, family background, region, gender, education, and circumstances . Words characterize by their diction, cadence, complexity, and attitude . Mannerisms and catch - phrases can help too . Considering the degree of formality in spoken language is also useful . Characters who spend a lot of their lives in a more formal setting often use a more formal language all the time, while others never do . Tone of voice, volume, rate of delivery, vocabulary, inflection, emphasis, pitch, topics of conversation, idioms, colloquialisms, and figures of speech: all of these are expressions of who the character is on the inside . A character's manner of speech must grow from the inside out . The speaking is how his or her essential personality leaks out for the world to see; it is not the sum total of his or her personality . </P>

What term is defined as the manner in which the author introduces a character in a story