<P> As per Report of the Higher education in India, Issues Related to Expansion, Inclusiveness, Quality and Finance, the access to higher education measured in term of gross enrollment ratio increased from 0.7% in 1950 / 51 to 1.4% in 1960--61 . By 2006 / 7 the GER increased to about 11% . Notably, by 2012, it had crossed 20% (as mentioned in an earlier section). </P> <P> An optimistic estimate from 2008 was that only one in five job - seekers in India ever had any sort of vocational training . </P> <P> As per 2016 Annual Survey of Education Report (ASER), 3.5% schools in India had no toilet facility while only 68.7% schools had usable toilet facility . 75.5% of the schools surveyed had library in 2016, a decrease from 78.1% in 2014 . Percentage of schools with separate girls toilet have increased from 32.9% in 2010 to 61.9% in 2016 . 74.1% schools had drinking water facility and 64.5% of the schools had playground . </P> <P> Modern education in India is often criticised for being based on rote learning rather than problem solving . New Indian Express says that Indian Education system seems to be producing zombies since in most of the schools students seemed to be spending majority of their time in preparing for competitive exams rather than learning or playing . BusinessWeek criticises the Indian curriculum, saying it revolves around rote learning and ExpressIndia suggests that students are focused on cramming . Preschool for Child Rights states that almost 99% of pre-schools do not have any curriculum at all . Also creativity is not encouraged or is considered as a form of entertainment in most institutions . </P>

Who has initiated pre primary education in india