<P> Gender is the range of characteristics pertaining to, and differentiating between, masculinity and femininity . Depending on the context, these characteristics may include biological sex (i.e., the state of being male, female, or an intersex variation), sex - based social structures (i.e., gender roles), or gender identity . People who do not identify as men or women or with masculine or feminine gender pronouns are often grouped under the umbrella terms non-binary or genderqueer . Some cultures have specific gender roles that are distinct from "man" and "woman," such as the hijras of South Asia . These are often referred to as third genders . </P> <P> Sexologist John Money introduced the terminological distinction between biological sex and gender as a role in 1955 . Before his work, it was uncommon to use the word gender to refer to anything but grammatical categories . However, Money's meaning of the word did not become widespread until the 1970s, when feminist theory embraced the concept of a distinction between biological sex and the social construct of gender . Today the distinction is strictly followed in some contexts, especially the social sciences and documents written by the World Health Organization (WHO). </P>

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