<P> Music streaming services have gained popularity since the late 2000s . Streaming audio does not require the listener to download or own the audio files, but instead they listen over the internet . Streaming services offer an alternate method of consuming music and some follow a freemium business model . The freemium model many music streaming services use, such as Spotify and Apple Music, provide a limited amount of content for free, and then premium services for payment . There are two categories in which streaming services are categorized, radio or on - demand . Streaming services such as Pandora use the radio model, allowing users to select playlists but not specific songs to listen to, while services such as Apple Music allow users to listen to both individual songs and pre-made playlists . </P> <P> The earliest method of sound recording and reproduction involved the live recording of a performance directly to a recording medium by an entirely mechanical process, often called "acoustical recording". In the standard procedure used until the mid-1920s, the sounds generated by the performance vibrated a diaphragm with a recording stylus connected to it while the stylus cut a groove into a soft recording medium rotating beneath it . To make this process as efficient as possible, the diaphragm was located at the apex of a hollow cone that served to collect and focus the acoustical energy, with the performers crowded around the other end . Recording balance was achieved empirically . A performer who recorded too strongly or not strongly enough would be moved away from or nearer to the mouth of the cone . The number and kind of instruments that could be recorded were limited . Brass instruments, which recorded well, were often substituted for instruments such as cellos and bass fiddles, which did not . In some early jazz recordings, a block of wood was used in place of the bass drum, which could easily overload the recording diaphragm . </P> <P> In 1857, Édouard - Léon Scott de Martinville invented the phonautograph, the first device that could record sound waves as they passed through the air . It was intended only for visual study of the recording and could not play back the sound . The recording medium was a sheet of soot - coated paper wrapped around a rotating cylinder carried on a threaded rod . A stylus, attached to a diaphragm through a series of levers, traced a line through the soot, creating a graphic record of the motions of the diaphragm as it was minutely propelled back and forth by the audio - frequency variations in air pressure . </P> <P> In the spring of 1877 another inventor, Charles Cros, suggested that the process could be reversed by using photoengraving to convert the traced line into a groove that would guide the stylus, causing the original stylus vibrations to be recreated, passed on to the linked diaphragm, and sent back into the air as sound . An inventor from America soon eclipsed this idea, and it was not until 1887 that yet another inventor, Emile Berliner, actually photoengraved a phonautograph recording into metal and played it back . </P>

Who was one of the first pioneers of sound recording what did they invent and in what year
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