<P> Trinidad is 4,768 km (1,841 sq mi) in area (comprising 93.0% of the country's total area) with an average length of 80 km (50 mi) and an average width of 59 kilometres (37 mi). Tobago has an area of about 300 km (120 sq mi), or 5.8% of the country's area, is 41 km (25 mi) long and 12 km (7.5 mi) at its greatest width . Trinidad and Tobago lie on the continental shelf of South America, and are thus geologically considered to lie entirely in South America . </P> <P> The terrain of the islands is a mixture of mountains and plains . The highest point in the country is found on the Northern Range at El Cerro del Aripo, which is 940 metres (3,080 ft) above sea level . </P> <P> As the majority of the population live in the island of Trinidad, this is the location of most major towns and cities . There are four major municipalities in Trinidad: Port of Spain, the capital, San Fernando, Arima and Chaguanas . The main town in Tobago is Scarborough . Trinidad is made up of a variety of soil types, the majority being fine sands and heavy clays . The alluvial valleys of the Northern Range and the soils of the East - West Corridor are the most fertile . </P> <P> The Northern Range consists mainly of Upper Jurassic and Cretaceous metamorphic rocks . The Northern Lowlands (East - West Corridor and Caroni Plains) consist of younger shallow marine clastic sediments . South of this, the Central Range fold and thrust belt consists of Cretaceous and Eocene sedimentary rocks, with Miocene formations along the southern and eastern flanks . The Naparima Plains and the Nariva Swamp form the southern shoulder of this uplift . </P>

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