<P> (This is an early use of "mob" to mean the mobile vulgus, the common masses .) </P> <P> This sense has prevailed in other countries: In Italy, for example, striking workers in 1890s Turin were depicted as Il quarto stato--The Fourth Estate--in a painting by Giuseppe Pellizza da Volpedo . A political journal of the left, Quarto Stato, published in Milan, Italy, in 1926, also reflected this meaning . </P> <P> Far - right theorist Julius Evola saw the Fourth Estate as the final point of his historical cycle theory, the regression of the castes: </P> <P> (T) here are four stages: in the first stage, the elite has a purely spiritual character, embodying what may be generally called "divine right ." This elite expresses an ideal of immaterial virility . In the second stage, the elite has the character of warrior nobility; at the third stage we find the advent of oligarchies of a plutocratic and capitalistic nature, such as they arise in democracies; the fourth and last elite is that of the collectivist and revolutionary leaders of the Fourth Estate . </P>

The term fourth estate is used in reference to