<Dt> Network and network - element provisioning </Dt> <Dd> In order to allocate bandwidth throughout a network, each network element must be configured . Although this can be done locally, through a craft interface, it is normally done through a network management system (sitting at a higher layer) that in turn operates through the SONET / SDH network management network . </Dd> <Dd> Network - element software upgrades are done mostly through the SONET / SDH management network in modern equipment . </Dd> <Dd> Network elements have a very large set of standards for performance management . The performance - management criteria allow not only monitoring the health of individual network elements, but isolating and identifying most network defects or outages . Higher - layer network monitoring and management software allows the proper filtering and troubleshooting of network - wide performance management, so that defects and outages can be quickly identified and resolved . </Dd>

In sdh frame structure ssm byte resides in