<P> Six years after the adoption of the Articles of Confederation, delegates from across the country met again at the Philadelphia Convention to establish a new constitution . Pennsylvania ratified the U.S. Constitution on December 12, 1787, and was the second state to do so after Delaware . The Constitution took effect after eleven states had ratified the document in 1788, and George Washington was inaugurated as the first President of the United States on March 4, 1789 . After the passage of the Residence Act, Philadelphia again served as the capital of the nation from 1790 - 1800, before the capital was permanently moved to Washington, D.C. Pennsylvania ratified a new state constitution in 1790; the constitution replaced the executive council with a governor and a bicameral legislature . </P> <P> Pennsylvania's borders took definitive shape in the decades before and after the Revolutionary War . The Mason--Dixon line established the borders between Pennsylvania and Maryland, and was later extended to serve as the border between Pennsylvania and Virginia (except for what is now West Virginia's northern panhandle). Although some settlers proposed the creation of the state of Westsylvania in the area that now contains Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania retained control of the region . The first Treaty of Fort Stanwix and the Treaty of Fort McIntosh saw Native Americans relinquish claims on present - day southwestern Pennsylvania . The Treaty of Paris (1783) granted the United States independence, and also saw Great Britain give up its land claims in the neighboring Ohio Country, although most these lands ultimately became new states under the terms of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 . In the second Treaty of Fort Stanwix, Pennsylvania gained control of northwestern Pennsylvania from the Iroquois League . The New York--Pennsylvania border was established in 1787 . Pennsylvania purchased the Erie Triangle from the federal government in 1792 . In 1799, the Pennamite--Yankee War came to an end, as Pennsylvania kept control of the Wyoming Valley despite the presence of settlers from Connecticut . </P> <P> After the United States government granted land to Revolutionary War soldiers for military service, the Pennsylvania General Assembly passed a general land act on April 3, 1792 . It authorized the sale and distribution of the large remaining tracts of land east and west of the Allegheny River in hopes of sparking development of the vast territory . The process was an uneven affair, prompting much speculation but little settlement . Most veteran soldiers sold their shares sight unseen under market value, and many investors were ultimately ruined . The East Allegheny district consisted of lands in Potter, McKean, Cameron, Elk, and Jefferson counties, at the time worthless tracts . West Allegheny district was made up of lands in Erie, Crawford, Warren, and Venango counties, relatively good investments at the time . </P> <P> Three major land companies participated in the land speculation that followed . Holland Land Company and its agent, Theophilus Cazenove, acquired 1,000,000 acres (4,000 km) of East Allegheny district land and 500,000 acres (2,000 km) of West Allegheny land from Pennsylvania Supreme Court Justice James Wilson . The Pennsylvania Population Company and its President, Pennsylvania State Comptroller General John Nicholson, controlled 500,000 acres (2,000 km) of land, mostly in Erie County and the Beaver Valley . The North American Land Company and its patron, Robert Morris, held some Pennsylvania lands but was vested mostly in upstate New York, former Iroquois territory . </P>

Who established the colony of pennsylvania and how were they different from other settlers