<Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <P> Shamanism (/ ˈʃɑːmən / SHAH - men or / ˈʃeɪmən / SHAY - mən) is a practice that involves a practitioner reaching altered states of consciousness in order to perceive and interact with a spirit world and channel these transcendental energies into this world . </P> <P> A shaman is someone who is regarded as having access to, and influence in, the world of benevolent and malevolent spirits, who typically enters into a trance state during a ritual, and practices divination and healing . The word "shaman" probably originates from the Tungusic Evenki language of North Asia . According to ethnolinguist Juha Janhunen, "the word is attested in all of the Tungusic idioms" such as Negidal, Lamut, Udehe / Orochi, Nanai, Ilcha, Orok, Manchu and Ulcha, and "nothing seems to contradict the assumption that the meaning' shaman' also derives from Proto - Tungusic" and may have roots that extend back in time at least two millennia . The term was introduced to the west after Russian forces conquered the shamanistic Khanate of Kazan in 1552 . </P> <P> The term "shamanism" was first applied by western anthropologists as outside observers of the ancient religion of the Turks and Mongols, as well as those of the neighboring Tungusic and Samoyedic - speaking peoples . Upon observing more religious traditions across the world, some western anthropologists began to also use the term in a very broad sense, to describe unrelated magico - religious practices found within the ethnic religions of other parts of Asia, Africa, Australasia and even completely unrelated parts of the Americas, as they believed these practices to be similar to one another . </P>

Who were the shamans and what did they do
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