<Li> North American center </Li> <P> World centers of origin of cultivated plants </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Center </Th> <Th> Plants </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1) South Mexican and Central American Center </Td> <Td> Includes southern sections of Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras and Costa Rica . <Ul> <Li> Grains and Legumes: maize, common bean, lima bean, tepary bean, jack bean, grain amaranth </Li> <Li> Melon Plants: malabar gourd, winter pumpkin, chayote </Li> <Li> Fiber Plants: upland cotton, bourbon cotton, henequen (sisal) </Li> <Li> Miscellaneous: sweetpotato, arrowroot, pepper, papaya, guava, cashew, wild black cherry, chochenial, cherry tomato, cacao . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2) South American Center </Td> <Td> 62 plants listed; three subcenters <P> 2) Peruvian, Ecuadorean, Bolivian Center: </P> <Ul> <Li> Root Tubers: Andean potato, Other endemic cultivated potato species . Fourteen or more species with chromosome numbers varying from 24 to 60, Edible nasturtium </Li> <Li> Grains and Legumes: starchy maize, lima bean, common bean </Li> <Li> Root Tubers: edible canna, potato </Li> <Li> Vegetable Crops: pepino, tomato, ground cherry, pumpkin, pepper </Li> <Li> Fiber Plants: Egyptian cotton </Li> <Li> Fruit and Miscellaneous: cocoa, passion flower, guava, heilborn, quinine tree, tobacco, cherimoya, coca </Li> </Ul> <P> 2A) Chiloe Center (Island near the coast of southern Chile) </P> <Ul> <Li> Common potato (48 chromosomes), Chilean strawberry </Li> </Ul> <P> 2B) Brazilian - Paraguayan Center </P> <Ul> <Li> manioc, peanut, rubber tree, pineapple, Brazil nut, cashew, Erva - mate, purple granadilla . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 3) Mediterranean Center </Td> <Td> Includes the borders of the Mediterranean Sea . 84 listed plants <Ul> <Li> Cereals and Legumes: durum wheat, emmer, Polish wheat, spelt, Mediterranean oats, sand oats, canarygrass, grass pea, pea, lupine </Li> <Li> Forage Plants: Egyptian clover, white clover, crimson clover, serradella </Li> <Li> Oil and Fiber Plants: flax, rape, black mustard, olive </Li> <Li> Vegetables: garden beet, cabbage, turnip, lettuce, asparagus, celery, chicory, parsnip, rhubarb, </Li> <Li> Ethereal Oil and Spice Plants: caraway, anise, thyme, peppermint, sage, hop . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 4) Middle East </Td> <Td> Includes interior of Asia Minor, all of Transcaucasia, Iran, and the highlands of Turkmenistan. 83 species <Ul> <Li> Grains and Legumes: einkorn wheat, durum wheat, poulard wheat, common wheat, oriental wheat, Persian wheat, two - row barley, rye, Mediterranean oats, common oats, lentil, lupine </Li> <Li> Forage Plants: alfalfa, Persian clover, fenugreek, vetch, hairy vetch </Li> <Li> Fruits: fig, pomegranate, apple, pear, quince, cherry, hawthorn . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5) Ethiopia </Td> <Td> Includes Abyssinia, Eritrea, and part of Somaliland. 38 species listed; rich in wheat and barley . <Ul> <Li> Grains and Legumes: Abyssinian hard wheat, poulard wheat, emmer, Polish wheat, barley, grain sorghum, pearl millet, African millet, cowpea, flax, teff </Li> <Li> Miscellaneous: sesame, castor bean, garden cress, coffee, okra, myrrh, indigo . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6) Central Asiatic Center </Td> <Td> Includes Northwest India (Punjab, Northwest Frontier Provinces and Kashmir), Afghanistan, Tadjikistan, Uzbekistan, and western Tian - Shan. 43 plants <Ul> <Li> Grains and Legumes: common wheat, club wheat, shot wheat, peas, lentil, horse bean, chickpea, mung bean, mustard, flax, sesame </Li> <Li> Fiber Plants: hemp, cotton </Li> <Li> Vegetables: onion, garlic, spinach, carrot </Li> <Li> Fruits: pistacio, pear, almond, grape, apple . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7) Indian Center </Td> <Td> Two subcenters <P> 7) Indo - Burma: Main Center (India): Includes Assam, Bangladesh and Burma, but not Northwest India, Punjab, nor Northwest Frontier Provinces, 117 plants </P> <Ul> <Li> Cereals and Legumes: rice, chickpea, pigeon pea, urd bean, mung bean, rice bean, cowpea, </Li> <Li> Vegetables and Tubers: eggplant, cucumber, radish, taro, yam </Li> <Li> Fruits: mango, orange, tangerine, citron, tamarind </Li> <Li> Sugar, Oil, and Fiber Plants: sugar cane, coconut palm, sesame, safflower, tree cotton, oriental cotton, jute, crotalaria, kenaf </Li> <Li> Spices, Stimulants, Dyes, and Miscellaneous: hemp, black pepper, gum arabic, sandalwood, indigo, cinnamon tree, croton, bamboo . </Li> </Ul> <P> 7A) Siam - Malaya - Java: statt Indo - Malayan Center: Includes Indo - China and the Malay Archipelago, 55 plants </P> <Ul> <Li> Cereals and Legumes: Job's tears, velvet bean </Li> <Li> Fruits: pummelo, banana, breadfruit, mangosteen </Li> <Li> Oil, Sugar, Spice, and Fiber Plants: candlenut, coconut palm, sugarcane, clove, nutmeg, black pepper, manila hemp . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8) Chinese Center </Td> <Td> A total of 136 endemic plants are listed in the largest independent center <Ul> <Li> Cereals and Legumes: e.g. broomcorn millet, Italian millet, Japanese barnyard millet, sorghum, buckwheat, hull-less barley, soybean, Adzuki bean, velvet bean </Li> <Li> Roots, Tubers, and Vegetables: e.g. Chinese yam, radish, Chinese cabbage, onion, cucumber </Li> <Li> Fruits and Nuts: e.g. pear, Chinese apple, peach, apricot, cherry, walnut, litchi </Li> <Li> Sugar, Drug, and Fiber Plants: e.g. sugar cane, opium poppy, ginseng camphor, hemp . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Th> Center </Th> <Th> Plants </Th> </Tr>

As part of vavilovian centers of origin india is recognized for
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