<Li> Axial stress, a normal stress parallel to the axis of cylindrical symmetry; </Li> <Li> Radial stress, a stress in directions coplanar with but perpendicular to the symmetry axis . </Li> <P> The classical example (and namesake) of hoop stress is the tension applied to the iron bands, or hoops, of a wooden barrel . In a straight, closed pipe, any force applied to the cylindrical pipe wall by a pressure differential will ultimately give rise to hoop stresses . Similarly, if this pipe has flat end caps, any force applied to them by static pressure will induce a perpendicular axial stress on the same pipe wall . Thin sections often have negligibly small radial stress, but accurate models of thicker - walled cylindrical shells require such stresses to be taken into account . </P> <P> The hoop stress is the force exerted circumferentially (perpendicular both to the axis and to the radius of the object) in both directions on every particle in the cylinder wall . It can be described as: </P>

When do you use lame equation for cylinder wall thickness