<P> A hierarchy exemplifies an arrangement with a leader who leads other individual members of the organization . This arrangement is often associated with basis that there are enough imagine a real pyramid, if there are not enough stone blocks to hold up the higher ones, gravity would irrevocably bring down the monumental structure . So one can imagine that if the leader does not have the support of his subordinates, the entire structure will collapse . Hierarchies were satirized in The Peter Principle (1969), a book that introduced hierarchiology and the saying that "in a hierarchy every employee tends to rise to his level of incompetence ." </P> <P> In the social sciences, organizations are the object of analysis for a number of disciplines, such as sociology, economics, political science, psychology, management, and organizational communication . The broader analysis of organizations is commonly referred to as organizational structure, organizational studies, organizational behavior, or organization analysis . A number of different perspectives exist, some of which are compatible: </P> <Ul> <Li> From a functional perspective, the focus is on how entities like businesses or state authorities are used . </Li> <Li> From an institutional perspective, an organization is viewed as a purposeful structure within a social context . </Li> <Li> From a process - related perspective, an organization is viewed as an entity is being (re -) organized, and the focus is on the organization as a set of tasks or actions . </Li> </Ul> <Li> From a functional perspective, the focus is on how entities like businesses or state authorities are used . </Li>

The process of coordinating the different parts of an organization is called