<P> Following the death of Faisal, there was rivalry among his sons which situation was exploited by Muhammad bin Rashid who took most of Najd, signed a treaty with the Ottomans and also captured Hasa in 1871 . In 1889, Abdul Rahman bin Faisal, the third son of Faisal again regained control over Najd and ruled till 1891, whereafter the control was regained by Muhammad bin Raschid . </P> <P> Internecine struggles between Turki's grandsons led to the fall of the Second Saudi State in 1891 at the hand of the rival Al Rashid clan, which ruled from the northern city of Ha'il . The al - Masmak fort dates from that period . </P> <P> Abdul Rahman bin Faisal al - Saud had sought refuge among a tribal community on the outskirts of Najd and then went to Kuwait with his family and stayed in exile . However, his son Abdul Aziz retrieved his ancestral kingdom of Najd in 1902 and consolidated his rule by 1926, and further expanded his kingdom to cover "most of the Arabian Peninsula ." He named his kingdom as Saudi Arabia in September 1932 with Riyadh as the capital . King Abdul Aziz died in 1953 and his son Saud took control as per the established succession rule of father to son from the time Muhammad bin Saud had established the Saud rule in 1744 . However, this established line of succession was broken when King Saud was succeeded by his brother King Faisal in 1964 . In 1975, Faisal was succeeded by his brother King Khalid . In 1982, King Fahd took the reins from his brother . This new line of succession is among the sons of King Abdul Aziz who has 35 sons; this large family of Ibn Saud hold all key positions in the large kingdom . </P> <P> From the 1940s, Riyadh "mushroomed" from a relatively narrow, spatially isolated town into a spacious metropolis . When King Shah Saud came to power, he made it his objective to modernize Riyadh, and began developing Annasriyyah, the royal residential district, in 1950 . Following the example of American cities, new settlements and entire neighbourhoods were created in grid - like squares of a chess board and connected by high - performance main roads to the inner areas . The grid pattern in the city was introduced in 1953 . The population growth of the town from 1974 - 1992 averaged 8.2 percent per year . </P>

When did riyadh become the capital of saudi arabia