<Li> "A gender or racial inequality that increases over the course of a career ." </Li> <P> Cotter and his colleagues found that glass ceilings are correlated strongly with gender . Both white and minority women face a glass ceiling in the course of their careers . In contrast, the researchers did not find evidence of a glass ceiling for African - American men . </P> <P> The glass ceiling metaphor has often been used to describe invisible barriers ("glass") through which women can see elite positions but cannot reach them ("ceiling"). These barriers prevent large numbers of women and ethnic minorities from obtaining and securing the most powerful, prestigious and highest - grossing jobs in the workforce . Moreover, this effect prevents women from filling high - ranking positions and puts them at a disadvantage as potential candidates for advancement . </P> <P> The very first person to use the phrase was Marilyn Loden during a 1978 speech . The concept of the glass ceiling was later popularized at the National Press Club in July 1979 . This was at a Conference of the Women's Institute for Freedom of the Press led by Katherine Lawrence of Hewlett - Packard . This was part of an ongoing discussion of a clash between written policy of promotion versus action opportunities for women at HP . </P>

An ongoing effect of the glass ceiling in american corporations is
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