<Ol> <Li> compactness </Li> <Li> contiguity </Li> <Li> equal population </Li> <Li> preservation of existing political communities </Li> <Li> partisan fairness </Li> <Li> racial fairness </Li> </Ol> <Li> preservation of existing political communities </Li> <P> Redistricting is also necessary within (but not among) school districts, where attendance zones have grown (or occasionally shrunk) disproportionately to the occupancy capacity of each public school in the system . This always occurs when a new school is built or one is closed, but may also occur due to other shifts in population . These districts are necessary not only to balance enrollment, but also to coordinate school bus routes . Separate maps are usually kept for each level: elementary school, middle school, and high school, for example . This is not an inherently political process, however parents can become very upset when their children are moved from a school they like (or to one they don't), and occasionally elected school boards have been forced to change plans after protests . Even those without school - age children may take an interest in school redistricting, as it is perceived to affect the resale value of a home, and real estate agents and companies (and "for sale by owner" listings) often list school attendance districts for each home as a selling point . </P> <P> Gerrymandering is the practice of drawing district lines to achieve political gain for legislators . The practice of gerrymandering involves the manipulation of district drawing in aims to leave out, or include, specific populations in a legislator's district to ensure his / her reelection . </P>

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