<Li> "bulky adduct formation" (i.e., benzo (a) pyrene diol epoxide - dG adduct, aristolactam I - dA adduct) </Li> <Li> mismatch of bases, due to errors in DNA replication, in which the wrong DNA base is stitched into place in a newly forming DNA strand, or a DNA base is skipped over or mistakenly inserted . </Li> <Li> Monoadduct damage cause by change in single nitrogenous base of DNA </Li> <P> Damage caused by exogenous agents comes in many forms . Some examples are: </P>

Damage to cellular dna that cannot be repaired would induce