<P> In contrast to the planets natural ecosystems, technology (or technoecosystems) is not reducing its impact on planetary resources . Only 7% of total plastic waste (adding up to millions upon millions of tons) is being recycled by industrial systems; the 93% that never makes it into the industrial recycling stream is presumably absorbed by natural recycling systems In contrast and over extensive lengths of time (billions of years) ecosystems have maintained a consistent balance with production roughly equaling respiratory consumption rates . The balanced recycling efficiency of nature means that production of decaying waste material has exceeded rates of recyclable consumption into food chains equal to the global stocks of fossilized fuels that escaped the chain of decomposition . </P> <P> Microplastics and nanosilver materials flowing and cycling through ecosystems from pollution and discarded technology are among a growing list of emerging ecological concerns . For example, unique assemblages of marine microbes have been found to digest plastic accumulating in the worlds oceans . Discarded technology is absorbed into soils and creates a new class of soils called technosols . Human wastes in the Anthropocene are creating new systems of ecological recycling, novel ecosystems that have to contend with the mercury cycle and other synthetic materials that are streaming into the biodegradation chain . Microorganisms have a significant role in the removal of synthetic organic compounds from the environment empowered by recycling mechanisms that have complex biodegradation pathways . The effect of synthetic materials, such as nanoparticles and microplastics, on ecological recycling systems is listed as one of the major concerns for ecosystem in this century . </P> <P> Recycling in human industrial systems (or technoecosystems) differs from ecological recycling in scale, complexity, and organization . Industrial recycling systems do not focus on the employment of ecological food webs to recycle waste back into different kinds of marketable goods, but primarily employ people and technodiversity instead . Some researchers have questioned the premise behind these and other kinds of technological solutions under the banner of' eco-efficiency' are limited in their capability, harmful to ecological processes, and dangerous in their hyped capabilities . Many technoecosystems are competitive and parasitic toward natural ecosystems . Food web or biologically based "recycling includes metabolic recycling (nutrient recovery, storage, etc .) and ecosystem recycling (leaching and in situ organic matter mineralization, either in the water column, in the sediment surface, or within the sediment ." </P>

When is a substance considered to be a limiting nutrient