<P> Viewing a web page on the World Wide Web normally begins either by typing the URL of the page into a web browser, or by following a hyperlink to that page or resource . The web browser then initiates a series of background communication messages to fetch and display the requested page . In the 1990s, using a browser to view web pages--and to move from one web page to another through hyperlinks--came to be known as' browsing,' ' web surfing' (after channel surfing), or' navigating the Web' . Early studies of this new behaviour investigated user patterns in using web browsers . One study, for example, found five user patterns: exploratory surfing, window surfing, evolved surfing, bounded navigation and targeted navigation . </P> <P> The following example demonstrates the functioning of a web browser when accessing a page at the URL http://www.example.org/home.html . The browser resolves the server name of the URL (www.example.org) into an Internet Protocol address using the globally distributed Domain Name System (DNS). This lookup returns an IP address such as 203.0. 113.4 or 2001: db8: 2e:: 7334 . The browser then requests the resource by sending an HTTP request across the Internet to the computer at that address . It requests service from a specific TCP port number that is well known for the HTTP service, so that the receiving host can distinguish an HTTP request from other network protocols it may be servicing . The HTTP protocol normally uses port number 80 . The content of the HTTP request can be as simple as two lines of text: </P> <P> The computer receiving the HTTP request delivers it to web server software listening for requests on port 80 . If the web server can fulfil the request it sends an HTTP response back to the browser indicating success: </P> <P> followed by the content of the requested page . HyperText Markup Language (HTML) for a basic web page might look like this: </P>

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