<P> Disaccharides are formed when two monosaccharides, or two single simple sugars, form a bond with removal of water . They can be hydrolyzed to yield their saccharin building blocks by boiling with dilute acid or reacting them with appropriate enzymes . Examples of disaccharides include sucrose, maltose, and lactose . </P> <P> Polysaccharides are polymerized monosaccharides, or complex carbohydrates . They have multiple simple sugars . Examples are starch, cellulose, and glycogen . They are generally large and often have a complex branched connectivity . Because of their size, polysaccharides are not water - soluble, but their many hydroxy groups become hydrated individually when exposed to water, and some polysaccharides form thick colloidal dispersions when heated in water . Shorter polysaccharides, with 3 - 10 monomers, are called oligosaccharides . A fluorescent indicator - displacement molecular imprinting sensor was developed for discriminating saccharides . It successfully discriminated three brands of orange juice beverage . The change in fluorescence intensity of the sensing films resulting is directly related to the saccharide concentration . </P> <P> Lignin is a complex polyphenolic macromolecule composed mainly of beta - O4 - aryl linkages . After cellulose, lignin is the second most abundant biopolymer and is one of the primary structural components of most plants . It contains subunits derived from p - coumaryl alcohol, coniferyl alcohol, and sinapyl alcohol and is unusual among biomolecules in that it is racemic . The lack of optical activity is due to the polymerization of lignin which occurs via free radical coupling reactions in which there is no preference for either configuration at a chiral center . </P> <P> Lipids (oleaginous) are chiefly fatty acid esters, and are the basic building blocks of biological membranes . Another biological role is energy storage (e.g., triglycerides). Most lipids consist of a polar or hydrophilic head (typically glycerol) and one to three nonpolar or hydrophobic fatty acid tails, and therefore they are amphiphilic . Fatty acids consist of unbranched chains of carbon atoms that are connected by single bonds alone (saturated fatty acids) or by both single and double bonds (unsaturated fatty acids). The chains are usually 14 - 24 carbon groups long, but it is always an even number . </P>

Which of the following is not one of the main groups of biomolecule polymers