<P> It has been estimated that, of the state's 1860 population of 687,000, up to 25,000 Marylanders traveled south to fight for the Confederacy while about 60,000 Maryland men served in all branches of the Union military . One notable Maryland front line regiment was the 2nd Maryland Infantry, which saw considerable combat action in the Union IX Corps . </P> <P> Not all those who sympathised with the rebels would abandon their homes and join the Confederacy . Some, like physician Richard Sprigg Steuart, remained in Maryland, offered covert support for the South, and refused to sign an oath of loyalty to the Union . Later in 1861, Baltimore resident WW Glenn described Steuart as a fugitive from the authorities: </P> <P> I was spending the evening out when a footstep approached my chair from behind and a hand was laid upon me . I turned and saw Dr. R.S. Steuart . He has been concealed for more than six months . His neighbors are so bitter against him that he dare not go home, and he committed himself so decidedly on the 19th April and is known to be so decided a Southerner, that it more than likely he would be thrown into a Fort . He goes about from place to place, sometimes staying in one county, sometimes in another and then passing a few days in the city . He never shows in the day time & is cautious who sees him at any time . </P> <P> Because Maryland's sympathies were divided, many Marylanders would fight one another during the conflict . On May 23, 1862, at the Battle of Front Royal, the 1st Maryland Infantry, CSA was thrown into battle with their fellow Marylanders, the Union 1st Regiment Maryland Volunteer Infantry . This is the only time in United States military history that two regiments of the same numerical designation and from the same state have engaged each other in battle . After hours of desperate fighting the Southerners emerged victorious, despite an inferiority both of numbers and equipment . When the prisoners were taken, many men recognized former friends and family . Major William Goldsborough, whose memoir The Maryland Line in the Confederate Army chronicled the story of the rebel Marylanders, wrote of the battle: </P>

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