<Dl> <Dd> See: Formal analysis . </Dd> </Dl> <Dd> See: Formal analysis . </Dd> <P> Heinrich Wölfflin (1864--1945), who studied under Burckhardt in Basel, is the "father" of modern art history . Wölfflin taught at the universities of Berlin, Basel, Munich, and Zurich . A number of students went on to distinguished careers in art history, including Jakob Rosenberg and Frida Schottmuller . He introduced a scientific approach to the history of art, focusing on three concepts . Firstly, he attempted to study art using psychology, particularly by applying the work of Wilhelm Wundt . He argued, among other things, that art and architecture are good if they resemble the human body . For example, houses were good if their façades looked like faces . Secondly, he introduced the idea of studying art through comparison . By comparing individual paintings to each other, he was able to make distinctions of style . His book Renaissance and Baroque developed this idea, and was the first to show how these stylistic periods differed from one another . In contrast to Giorgio Vasari, Wölfflin was uninterested in the biographies of artists . In fact he proposed the creation of an "art history without names ." Finally, he studied art based on ideas of nationhood . He was particularly interested in whether there was an inherently "Italian" and an inherently "German" style . This last interest was most fully articulated in his monograph on the German artist Albrecht Dürer . </P> <P> Contemporaneous with Wölfflin's career, a major school of art - historical thought developed at the University of Vienna . The first generation of the Vienna School was dominated by Alois Riegl and Franz Wickhoff, both students of Moritz Thausing, and was characterized by a tendency to reassess neglected or disparaged periods in the history of art . Riegl and Wickhoff both wrote extensively on the art of late antiquity, which before them had been considered as a period of decline from the classical ideal . Riegl also contributed to the revaluation of the Baroque . </P>

Who is considered to be the first modern art historian