<P> In the first significant restriction on free immigration in U.S. history, Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act on May 6, 1882, following revisions made in 1880 to the Burlingame Treaty . Those revisions allowed the United States to suspend immigration, and Congress acted quickly to implement the suspension of Chinese immigration and exclude Chinese skilled and unskilled laborers from entering the country for ten years, under penalty of imprisonment and deportation . The ban was renewed a number of times, lasting for over 60 years . </P> <P> The American China Development Company, founded in 1895 by industrialists J.P. Morgan and Andrew Carnegie, sought to provide the American capital and management that would generate a rapid industrialization of China . It started building the Hankow - Canton Railroad, to link central and southern China . It only managed to finish 30 miles of line . Americans soon grew disillusioned, and sold out to a rival Belgian syndicate . On the whole, the American dream of getting rich by investing in China or selling to hundreds of millions of Chinese was almost always a failure . Standard Oil did succeed in selling kerosene to the China market, but few others made a profit . </P> <P> In 1899, a movement of Chinese nationalists calling themselves the Society of Right and Harmonious Fists started a violent revolt in China, referred to by Westerners as the Boxer Rebellion, against foreign influence in trade, politics, religion, and technology . The campaigns took place from November 1899 to September 7, 1901, during the final years of Manchu rule in China under the Qing dynasty . </P> <P> The uprising began as an anti-foreign, anti-imperialist, peasant - based movement in northern China, in response to foreign westerners seizing land from locals, concession grabbing, and granting immunity to criminals who converted to Catholicism . The insurgents attacked foreigners, who were building railroads and violating Feng shui, and Christians, who were held responsible for the foreign domination of China . In June 1900, the Boxers entered Peking, and ransacked the area around the Foreign Legations . On June 21, in response to the Western attack on the Chinese Dagu Forts, Empress Dowager Cixi declared war against all Western powers . Diplomats, foreign civilians, soldiers, and Chinese Christians were besieged during the Siege of the International Legations for 55 days . A coalition called the Eight - Nation Alliance comprising Austria - Hungary, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, Britain and the United States rushed 20,000 troops to their rescue . The multinational forces were initially defeated by a Chinese Muslim army at the Battle of Langfang, but the second attempt in the Gaselee Expedition was successful due to internal rivalries among the Chinese forces . </P>

Describe chinese relations with the united states and the soviet union