<P> This led to the rise of an armed insurgency movement composed, in part, of those who unfairly lost elections . Pakistan supplied these groups with logistical support, arms, recruits and training . </P> <P> In the second half of 1989 the alleged assassinations of the Indian spies and political collaborators by JKLF (Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front) was intensified . Over six months more than a hundred officials were killed to paralyse government's administrative and intelligence apparatus . The daughter of then interior affairs minister, Mufti Mohammad Sayeed was kidnapped in December and four terrorists had to be released for her release . This event led to mass celebrations all over the valley . Farooq Abdullah resigned in January after the appointment of Jagmohan Malhotra as the Governor of Jammu and Kashmir . Subsequently, J&K was placed under governor rule under Article 356, Disturbed Areas Act of Indian constitution . </P> <P> Under JKLF's leadership on January 21 - 23 large scale protests were organised in valley . As a response to this largely explosive situation paramilitary units of BSF and CRPF were called . These units were used by the government to combat Maoist insurgency and the North - Eastern insurgency . The challenge to them in this situation was not posed by armed insurgents but by the stone pelters . Their inexperience caused atleast 50 casualties in Gawkadal massacre . In this incident the underground militant movement was transformed into a mass struggle . To curb the situation AFSPA (Armed Forces Special Powers Act) was imposed on Kashmir in September 1990 to supress the insurgency by giving armed forces the powers to kill and arrest without warrant to maintain public order . During this time the dominant tactic involved killing of a prominent figure in a public gathering to push forces into action and the public prevented them from capturing these insurgents . This sprouting of sympathisers in Kashmir led to the hard - line approach of Indian army . </P> <P> With JKLF at forefront large number of militant groups like Allah Tigers, People's League and Hizb - i - Islamia sprung up . Weapons were smuggled on a large scale from Pakistan . In Kashmir JKLF operated under the leadership of Ashfaq Majid Wani, Yasin Bhat, Hamid Shiekh and Javed Mir . To counter this growing pro-Pakistani sentiment in Kashmir, Indian media associated it exclusively with Pakistan . </P>

What force was raised in 1990 to deal with insurgency in kashmir