<P> Scholars have distinguished between what can be called "friendly" and "hostile" separations of church and state . The friendly type limits the interference of the church in matters of the state but also limits the interference of the state in church matters . The hostile variety, by contrast, seeks to confine religion purely to the home or church and limits religious education, religious rites of passage and public displays of faith . </P> <P> The hostile model of secularism arose with the French Revolution and is typified in the Mexican Revolution, its resulting Constitution, in the First Portuguese Republic of 1910, and in the Spanish Constitution of 1931 . The hostile model exhibited during these events can be seen as approaching the type of political religion seen in totalitarian states . </P> <P> The French separation of 1905 and the Spanish separation of 1931 have been characterized as the two most hostile of the twentieth century, although the current church - state relations in both countries are considered generally friendly . Nevertheless, France's former President Nicolas Sarkozy at the beginning of his term, considered his country's current state of affairs a "negative laïcité" and wanted to develop a "positive laïcité" more open to religion . The concerns of the state toward religion have been seen by some as one cause of the civil war in Spain and Mexico . </P> <P> The French Catholic philosopher and drafter of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Jacques Maritain, noted the distinction between the models found in France and in the mid-twentieth century United States . He considered the U.S. model of that time to be more amicable because it had both "sharp distinction and actual cooperation" between church and state, what he called a "historical treasure" and admonished the United States, "Please to God that you keep it carefully, and do not let your concept of separation veer round to the European one ." Alexis de Tocqueville, another French observer tended to make the same distinction, "In the U.S., from the beginning, politics and religion were in accord, and they have not ceased to be so since ." </P>

Who believed in separation from church of england