<P> The European Cup was an association football competition contested from 1956 to 1992 . Spanish manager José Villalonga Llorente led Real Madrid to success in the inaugural 1956 European Cup Final and repeated the feat the following season . English clubs and managers dominated the competition in the late 1970s and early 1980s, winning every tournament from 1977 to 1982 . Despite this, Italian managers have been the most successful, winning eleven of the tournaments since 1956 . </P> <P> The competition became the UEFA Champions League in 1993, with Belgian Raymond Goethals leading French club Marseille to success that year . </P> <P> Only Bob Paisley and Carlo Ancelotti have won the tournament on three occasions, Paisley led Liverpool to success with three titles, while Ancelotti won three titles and reached four finals with Milan and Real Madrid; 17 other managers have won the title on two occasions . Only five managers have won the title with two clubs: Carlo Ancelotti with Real Madrid and AC Milan; Ernst Happel with Feyenoord in 1970 and Hamburg in 1983; Ottmar Hitzfeld, with Borussia Dortmund in 1997 and Bayern Munich in 2001; José Mourinho, with Porto in 2004 and Internazionale in 2010; and Jupp Heynckes, with Real Madrid in 1998 and Bayern Munich in 2013 . Seven men have won the tournament both as a player and as a manager, namely Miguel Muñoz, Giovanni Trapattoni, Johan Cruyff, Carlo Ancelotti, Frank Rijkaard, Josep Guardiola and Zinedine Zidane . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Final </Th> <Th> Nationality </Th> <Th> Winning manager </Th> <Th> Country </Th> <Th> Club </Th> <Th> Ref </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1956 </Td> <Td> ESP! ESP </Td> <Td> Villalonga, José José Villalonga </Td> <Td> ESP! ESP </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1957 </Td> <Td> ESP! ESP </Td> <Td> Villalonga, José José Villalonga </Td> <Td> ESP! ESP </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1958 </Td> <Td> ARG! ARG </Td> <Td> Carniglia, Luis Luis Carniglia </Td> <Td> ESP! ESP </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1959 </Td> <Td> ARG! ARG </Td> <Td> Carniglia, Luis Luis Carniglia </Td> <Td> ESP! ESP </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1960 </Td> <Td> ESP! ESP </Td> <Td> Muñoz, Miguel Miguel Muñoz </Td> <Td> ESP! ESP </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1961 </Td> <Td> HUN! HUN </Td> <Td> Guttmann, Béla Béla Guttmann </Td> <Td> POR! POR </Td> <Td> Benfica </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1962 </Td> <Td> HUN! HUN </Td> <Td> Guttmann, Béla Béla Guttmann </Td> <Td> POR! POR </Td> <Td> Benfica </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1963 </Td> <Td> ITA! ITA </Td> <Td> Rocco, Nereo Nereo Rocco </Td> <Td> ITA! ITA </Td> <Td> Milan </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1964 </Td> <Td> ARG! ARG </Td> <Td> Herrera, Helenio Helenio Herrera </Td> <Td> ITA! ITA </Td> <Td> Internazionale </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1965 </Td> <Td> ARG! ARG </Td> <Td> Herrera, Helenio Helenio Herrera </Td> <Td> ITA! ITA </Td> <Td> Internazionale </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1966 </Td> <Td> ESP! ESP </Td> <Td> Muñoz, Miguel Miguel Muñoz </Td> <Td> ESP! ESP </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1967 </Td> <Td> SCO! SCO </Td> <Td> Stein, Jock Jock Stein </Td> <Td> SCO! SCO </Td> <Td> Celtic </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1968 </Td> <Td> SCO! SCO </Td> <Td> Busby, Matt Matt Busby </Td> <Td> ENG! ENG </Td> <Td> Manchester United </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1969 </Td> <Td> ITA! ITA </Td> <Td> Rocco, Nereo Nereo Rocco </Td> <Td> ITA! ITA </Td> <Td> Milan </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1970 </Td> <Td> AUT! AUT </Td> <Td> Happel, Ernst Ernst Happel </Td> <Td> NED! NED </Td> <Td> Feyenoord </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1971 </Td> <Td> NED! NED </Td> <Td> Michels, Rinus Rinus Michels </Td> <Td> NED! NED </Td> <Td> Ajax </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1972 </Td> <Td> ROU! ROU </Td> <Td> Kovács, Ștefan Ștefan Kovács </Td> <Td> NED! NED </Td> <Td> Ajax </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1973 </Td> <Td> ROU! ROU </Td> <Td> Kovács, Ștefan Ștefan Kovács </Td> <Td> NED! NED </Td> <Td> Ajax </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> GER! GER </Td> <Td> Lattek, Udo Udo Lattek </Td> <Td> GER! GER </Td> <Td> Bayern Munich </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> GER! GER </Td> <Td> Cramer, Dettmar Dettmar Cramer </Td> <Td> GER! GER </Td> <Td> Bayern Munich </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1976 </Td> <Td> GER! GER </Td> <Td> Cramer, Dettmar Dettmar Cramer </Td> <Td> GER! GER </Td> <Td> Bayern Munich </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1977 </Td> <Td> ENG! ENG </Td> <Td> Paisley, Bob Bob Paisley </Td> <Td> ENG! ENG </Td> <Td> Liverpool </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1978 </Td> <Td> ENG! ENG </Td> <Td> Paisley, Bob Bob Paisley </Td> <Td> ENG! ENG </Td> <Td> Liverpool </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1979 </Td> <Td> ENG! ENG </Td> <Td> Clough, Brian Brian Clough </Td> <Td> ENG! ENG </Td> <Td> Nottingham Forest </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1980 </Td> <Td> ENG! ENG </Td> <Td> Clough, Brian Brian Clough </Td> <Td> ENG! ENG </Td> <Td> Nottingham Forest </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1981 </Td> <Td> ENG! ENG </Td> <Td> Paisley, Bob Bob Paisley </Td> <Td> ENG! ENG </Td> <Td> Liverpool </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1982 </Td> <Td> ENG! ENG </Td> <Td> Barton, Tony Tony Barton </Td> <Td> ENG! ENG </Td> <Td> Aston Villa </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> AUT! AUT </Td> <Td> Happel, Ernst Ernst Happel </Td> <Td> GER! GER </Td> <Td> Hamburg </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1984 </Td> <Td> ENG! ENG </Td> <Td> Fagan, Joe Joe Fagan </Td> <Td> ENG! ENG </Td> <Td> Liverpool </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1985 </Td> <Td> ITA! ITA </Td> <Td> Trapattoni, Giovanni Giovanni Trapattoni </Td> <Td> ITA! ITA </Td> <Td> Juventus </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1986 </Td> <Td> ROU! ROU </Td> <Td> Jenei, Emerich Emerich Jenei </Td> <Td> ROU! ROU </Td> <Td> Steaua București </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> POR! POR </Td> <Td> Jorge, Artur Artur Jorge </Td> <Td> POR! POR </Td> <Td> Porto </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1988 </Td> <Td> NED! NED </Td> <Td> Hiddink, Guus Guus Hiddink </Td> <Td> NED! NED </Td> <Td> PSV Eindhoven </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1989 </Td> <Td> ITA! ITA </Td> <Td> Sacchi, Arrigo Arrigo Sacchi </Td> <Td> ITA! ITA </Td> <Td> Milan </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1990 </Td> <Td> ITA! ITA </Td> <Td> Sacchi, Arrigo Arrigo Sacchi </Td> <Td> ITA! ITA </Td> <Td> Milan </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1991 </Td> <Td> YUG! YUG </Td> <Td> Petrović, Ljupko Ljupko Petrović </Td> <Td> YUG! YUG </Td> <Td> Red Star Belgrade </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1992 </Td> <Td> NED! NED </Td> <Td> Cruyff, Johan Johan Cruyff </Td> <Td> ESP! ESP </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1993 </Td> <Td> BEL! BEL </Td> <Td> Goethals, Raymond Raymond Goethals </Td> <Td> FRA! FRA </Td> <Td> Marseille </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1994 </Td> <Td> ITA! ITA </Td> <Td> Capello, Fabio Fabio Capello </Td> <Td> ITA! ITA </Td> <Td> Milan </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1995 </Td> <Td> NED! NED </Td> <Td> Gaal, Louis van Louis van Gaal </Td> <Td> NED! NED </Td> <Td> Ajax </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> ITA! ITA </Td> <Td> Lippi, Marcello Marcello Lippi </Td> <Td> ITA! ITA </Td> <Td> Juventus </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1997 </Td> <Td> GER! GER </Td> <Td> Hitzfeld, Ottmar Ottmar Hitzfeld </Td> <Td> GER! GER </Td> <Td> Borussia Dortmund </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1998 </Td> <Td> GER! GER </Td> <Td> Heynckes, Jupp Jupp Heynckes </Td> <Td> ESP! ESP </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1999 </Td> <Td> SCO! SCO </Td> <Td> Ferguson, Alex Alex Ferguson </Td> <Td> ENG! ENG </Td> <Td> Manchester United </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2000 </Td> <Td> ESP! ESP </Td> <Td> del Bosque, Vicente Vicente del Bosque </Td> <Td> ESP! ESP </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2001 </Td> <Td> GER! GER </Td> <Td> Hitzfeld, Ottmar Ottmar Hitzfeld </Td> <Td> GER! GER </Td> <Td> Bayern Munich </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2002 </Td> <Td> ESP! ESP </Td> <Td> del Bosque, Vicente Vicente del Bosque </Td> <Td> ESP! ESP </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2003 </Td> <Td> ITA! ITA </Td> <Td> Ancelotti, Carlo Carlo Ancelotti </Td> <Td> ITA! ITA </Td> <Td> Milan </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> POR! POR </Td> <Td> Mourinho, José José Mourinho </Td> <Td> POR! POR </Td> <Td> Porto </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2005 </Td> <Td> ESP! ESP </Td> <Td> Benítez, Rafael Rafael Benítez </Td> <Td> ENG! ENG </Td> <Td> Liverpool </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> NED! NED </Td> <Td> Rijkaard, Frank Frank Rijkaard </Td> <Td> ESP! ESP </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> ITA! ITA </Td> <Td> Ancelotti, Carlo Carlo Ancelotti </Td> <Td> ITA! ITA </Td> <Td> Milan </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2008 </Td> <Td> SCO! SCO </Td> <Td> Ferguson, Alex Alex Ferguson </Td> <Td> ENG! ENG </Td> <Td> Manchester United </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> ESP! ESP </Td> <Td> Guardiola, Josep Josep Guardiola </Td> <Td> ESP! ESP </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> POR! POR </Td> <Td> Mourinho, José José Mourinho </Td> <Td> ITA! ITA </Td> <Td> Internazionale </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2011 </Td> <Td> ESP! ESP </Td> <Td> Guardiola, Josep Josep Guardiola </Td> <Td> ESP! ESP </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2012 </Td> <Td> ITA! ITA </Td> <Td> Di Matteo, Roberto Roberto Di Matteo </Td> <Td> ENG! ENG </Td> <Td> Chelsea </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2013 </Td> <Td> GER! GER </Td> <Td> Heynckes, Jupp Jupp Heynckes </Td> <Td> GER! GER </Td> <Td> Bayern Munich </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> ITA! ITA </Td> <Td> Ancelotti, Carlo Carlo Ancelotti </Td> <Td> ESP! ESP </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2015 </Td> <Td> ESP! ESP </Td> <Td>, Luis Enrique Martínez Luis Enrique Martínez </Td> <Td> ESP! ESP </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2016 </Td> <Td> FRA! FRA </Td> <Td> Zidane, Zinedine Zinedine Zidane </Td> <Td> ESP! ESP </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2017 </Td> <Td> FRA! FRA </Td> <Td> Zidane, Zinedine Zinedine Zidane </Td> <Td> ESP! ESP </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table>

Who has won champions league as player and manager
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