<P> A hoax is a distinct concept that involves deliberate deception without the intention of gain or of materially damaging or depriving a victim . </P> <P> In common law jurisdictions, as a civil wrong, fraud is a tort . While the precise definitions and requirements of proof vary among jurisdictions, the requisite elements of fraud as a tort generally are the intentional misrepresentation or concealment of an important fact upon which the victim is meant to rely, and in fact does rely, to the harm of the victim . Proving fraud in a court of law is often said to be difficult . That difficulty is found, for instance, in that each and every one of the elements of fraud must be proven, that the elements include proving the states of mind of the perpetrator and the victim, and that some jurisdictions require the victim to prove fraud by clear and convincing evidence . </P> <P> The remedies for fraud may include rescission (i.e., reversal) of a fraudulently obtained agreement or transaction, the recovery of a monetary award to compensate for the harm caused, punitive damages to punish or deter the misconduct, and possibly others . </P> <P> In cases of a fraudulently induced contract, fraud may serve as a defense in a civil action for breach of contract or specific performance of contract . </P>

In order to prove fraud which of these elements must be shown quizlet