<P> Deductive reasoning goes in the same direction as that of the conditionals, and links premises with conclusions . If all premises are true, the terms are clear, and the rules of deductive logic are followed, then the conclusion reached is necessarily true . </P> <P> Deductive reasoning ("top - down logic") contrasts with inductive reasoning ("bottom - up logic") in the following way; in deductive reasoning, a conclusion is reached reductively by applying general rules which hold over the entirety of a closed domain of discourse, narrowing the range under consideration until only the conclusion (s) is left . In inductive reasoning, the conclusion is reached by generalizing or extrapolating from specific cases to general rules, i.e., there is epistemic uncertainty . However, the inductive reasoning mentioned here is not the same as induction used in mathematical proofs--mathematical induction is actually a form of deductive reasoning . </P> <P> Deductive reasoning differs from abductive reasoning by the direction of the reasoning relative to the conditionals . Deductive reasoning goes in the same direction as that of the conditionals, whereas abductive reasoning goes in the opposite direction to that of the conditionals . </P> <P> An example of an argument using deductive reasoning: </P>

Structured analysis is based on the principle of bottom-up approach. true false