<P> The Parliament of India is bicameral . Concurrence of both houses are required to pass any bill . However, the authors of the Constitution of India visualised situations of deadlock between the upper house i.e. Rajya Sabha and the lower house i.e. Lok Sabha . Therefore, the Constitution of India provides for Joint sittings of both the Houses to break this deadlock . The joint sitting of the Parliament is called by the President and is presided over by the Speaker or, in his absence, by the Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha or in his absence, the Deputy - Chairman of the Rajya Sabha . If any of the above officers are not present then any other member of the Parliament can preside by consensus of both the House . </P> <P> As per Article 108 of Constitution, a Joint session of Parliament can be summoned in the following situations . </P>

Who convenes the joint session of the lok sabha and rajya sabha