<P> Musical theatre is a form of theatrical performance that combines songs, spoken dialogue, acting, and dance . The story and emotional content of a musical--humor, pathos, love, anger--are communicated through the words, music, movement and technical aspects of the entertainment as an integrated whole . Although musical theatre overlaps with other theatrical forms like opera and dance, it may be distinguished by the equal importance given to the music as compared with the dialogue, movement and other elements . Since the early 20th century, musical theatre stage works have generally been called, simply, musicals . </P> <P> Although music has been a part of dramatic presentations since ancient times, modern Western musical theatre emerged during the 19th century, with many structural elements established by the works of Gilbert and Sullivan in Britain and those of Harrigan and Hart in America . These were followed by the numerous Edwardian musical comedies and the musical theatre works of American creators like George M. Cohan . The Princess Theatre musicals and other smart shows like Of Thee I Sing (1931) were artistic steps forward beyond revues and other frothy entertainments of the early 20th century and led to such groundbreaking works as Show Boat (1927) and Oklahoma! (1943). Some of the most famous and iconic musicals through the decades that followed include West Side Story (1957), The Fantasticks (1960), Hair (1967), A Chorus Line (1975), Les Misérables (1985), The Phantom of the Opera (1986), Rent (1996), The Producers (2001), Wicked (2003) and Hamilton (2015). </P> <P> Musicals are performed around the world . They may be presented in large venues, such as big - budget Broadway or West End productions in New York City or London . Alternatively, musicals may be staged in smaller fringe theatre, Off - Broadway or regional theatre productions, or on tour . Musicals are often presented by amateur and school groups in churches, schools and other performance spaces . In addition to the United States and Britain, there are vibrant musical theatre scenes in continental Europe, Asia, Australasia, Canada and Latin America . </P> <P> Since the 20th century, the "book musical" has been defined as a musical play where songs and dances are fully integrated into a well - made story with serious dramatic goals that is able to evoke genuine emotions other than laughter . The three main components of a book musical are its music, lyrics and book . The book or script of a musical refers to the story, character development, and dramatic structure, including the spoken dialogue and stage directions, but it can also refer to the dialogue and lyrics together, which are sometimes referred to as the libretto (Italian for "little book"). The music and lyrics together form the score of a musical and includes songs, incidental music, and musical scenes, which are "theatrical sequence (s) set to music, often combining song with spoken dialogue ." The interpretation of a musical is the responsibility of its creative team, which includes a director, a musical director, usually a choreographer and sometimes an orchestrator . A musical's production is also creatively characterized by technical aspects, such as set design, costumes, stage properties (props), lighting and sound . The creative team, designs and interpretations generally change from the original production to succeeding productions . Some production elements, however, may be retained from the original production; for example, Bob Fosse's choreography in Chicago . </P>

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