<P> The RC delays in signal transmission were also noted in "Clock Rate versus IPC: The End of the Road for Conventional Microarchitectures" which projected a maximum of 12.5% average annual CPU performance improvement between 2000 and 2014 . </P> <P> A different concept is the processor - memory performance gap, which can be addressed by 3D integrated circuits that reduce the distance between the logic and memory aspects that are further apart in a 2D chip . Memory subsystem design requires a focus on the gap, which is widening over time . The main method of bridging the gap is the use of caches; small amounts of high - speed memory that houses recent operations and instructions nearby the processor, speeding up the execution of those operations or instructions in cases where they are called upon frequently . Multiple levels of caching have been developed to deal with the widening gap, and the performance of high - speed modern computers relies on evolving caching techniques . These can prevent the loss of processor performance, as it takes less time to perform the computation it has been initiated to complete . There can be up to a 53% difference between the growth in speed of processor speeds and the lagging speed of main memory access . </P> <P> In contrast, RAM can be as fast as 5766 MB / s vs 477 MB / s for an SSD . </P>

Ram may contain which of the following types of information