<P> One of the most damaging arguments by the bill's opponents was that once passed, the bill would require forced busing to achieve certain racial quotas in schools . Proponents of the bill, such as Emanuel Celler and Jacob Javits, said that the bill would not authorize such measures . Leading sponsor Senator Hubert Humphrey (D - MN) wrote two amendments specifically designed to outlaw busing . Humphrey said "if the bill were to compel it, it would be a violation (of the Constitution), because it would be handling the matter on the basis of race and we would be transporting children because of race ." While Javits said any government official who sought to use the bill for busing purposes "would be making a fool of himself," two years later the Department of Health, Education and Welfare said that Southern school districts would be required to meet mathematical ratios of students by busing . </P> <P> The bill divided and engendered a long - term change in the demographic support of both parties . President Johnson realized that supporting this bill would risk losing the South's overwhelming support of the Democratic Party . Both Attorney General Robert Kennedy and Vice President Johnson had pushed for the introduction of the civil rights legislation . Johnson told Kennedy aide Ted Sorensen that "I know the risks are great and we might lose the South, but those sorts of states may be lost anyway ." Senator Richard Russell, Jr. later warned President Johnson that his strong support for the civil rights bill "will not only cost you the South, it will cost you the election". Johnson, however, went on to win the 1964 election by one of the biggest landslides in American history . The South, which had five states swing Republican in 1964, became a stronghold of the Republican Party by the 1990s . </P> <P> Although majorities in both parties voted for the bill, there were notable exceptions . Though he opposed forced segregation, Republican Senator Barry Goldwater of Arizona voted against the bill, remarking, "You can't legislate morality ." Goldwater had supported previous attempts to pass civil rights legislation in 1957 and 1960 as well as the 24th Amendment outlawing the poll tax . He stated that the reason for his opposition to the 1964 bill was Title II, which in his opinion violated individual liberty and states' rights . Democrats and Republicans from the Southern states opposed the bill and led an unsuccessful 83 - day filibuster, including Senators Albert Gore, Sr. (D - TN) and J. William Fulbright (D - AR), as well as Senator Robert Byrd (D - WV), who personally filibustered for 14 hours straight . </P> <P> (The full text of the Act is available online .) </P>

Who voted against the 1964 civil rights act
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