<P> Viral transformation can occur both naturally and medically . Natural transformations can include viral cancers, such as human papillomavirus (HPV) and T - cell Leukemia virus type I. Hepatitis B and C are also the result of natural viral transformation of the host cells . Viral transformation can also be induced for use in medical treatments . </P> <P> Cells that have been virally transformed can be differentiated from untransformed cells through a variety of growth, surface, and intracellular observations . The growth of transformed cells can be impacted by a loss of growth limitation caused by cell contact, less oriented growth, and high saturation density . Transformed cells can lose their tight junctions, increase their rate of nutrient transfer, and increase their protease secretion . Transformation can also affect the cytoskeleton and change in the quantity of signal molecules . </P> <P> There are three types of viral infections that can be considered under the topic of viral transformation . These are cytocidal, persistent, and transforming infections . Cytocidal infections can cause fusion of adjacent cells, disruption of transport pathways including ions and other cell signals, disruption of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis, and nearly always leads to cell death . Persistent infections involve viral material that lays dormant within a cell until activated by some stimulus . This type of infection usually causes few obvious changes within the cell but can lead to long chronic diseases . Transforming infections are also referred to as malignant transformation . This infection causes a host cell to become malignant and can be either cytocidal (usually in the case of RNA viruses) or persistent (usually in the case of DNA viruses). Cells with transforming infections undergo immortalization and inherit the genetic material to produce tumors . Since the term cytocidal, or cytolytic, refers to cell death, these three infections are not mutually exclusive . Many transforming infections by DNA tumor viruses are also cytocidal . </P> <P> Table 1: Cellular effects of viral infections </P>

Can some viruses change normal cells to tumor cells