<P> In cardiac physiology, isovolumetric contraction is an event occurring in early systole during which the ventricles contract with no corresponding volume change (isovolumetrically). This short - lasting portion of the cardiac cycle takes place whilst all heart valves are closed . </P> <P> In a healthy young adult, blood enters the atria and flows to the ventricles via the opened atrioventricular valves (tricuspid and mitral valves). Atrial contraction rapidly follows, actively pumping about 20% of the returning blood . As diastole ends, the ventricles begin depolarizing and, while ventricular pressure starts to rise owing to contraction, the atrioventricular valves close in order to prevent backflow to the atria . At this stage, which corresponds to the R peak or the QRS complex seen on an ECG, the semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonary valves) are also closed . The net result is that, while contraction causes ventricular pressures to rise sharply, there is no overall change in volume because of the closed valves . The isovolumetric contraction phase lasts about 0.03 s, but this short period of time is enough to build up a sufficiently high pressure that eventually overcomes that of the aorta and the pulmonary trunk upon opening of the semilunar valves . This process, therefore, helps maintain the correct unidirectional flow of blood through the heart and circulatory system . </P>

Which of the following phases represent isovolemic contraction