<Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan="2"> Freedom Riders </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> Part of the Civil Rights Movement </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> May 4--December 10, 1961 (7 months and 6 days) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Southern United States, First Baptist Church, Parchman Farm and Jackson, Mississippi </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Caused by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) </Li> <Li> Racial segregation in interstate and intrastate transportation and public accommodations </Li> <Li> Failed compliance with ruling Morgan v. Virginia (1946) </Li> <Li> Journey of Reconciliation in 1947 </Li> <Li> Sarah Keys v. Carolina Coach Company (1955) </Li> <Li> Ongoing boycott and sit - in demonstrations in the south </Li> <Li> Boynton v. Virginia (1960) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Resulted in </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 436 individuals participated in at least 60 separate Freedom Rides </Li> <Li> First time "jail, no bail" tactic employed on large scale since the Nashville sit - ins </Li> <Li> Desegregation order from Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) </Li> <Li> Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) recognized as a serious civil rights organization </Li> <Li> Creation of Route 40 campaign, Eastern Shore project, and Freedom Highways campaign </Li> <Li> Voter Education Project established </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan="2"> Parties to the civil conflict </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) </Li> <Li> Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) </Li> <Li> Nashville Student Movement </Li> <Li> National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Governor of Mississippi </Li> <Li> Governor of Alabama </Li> <Li> Birmingham Police Commissioner </Li> <Li> Ku Klux Klan (KKK) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan="2"> Lead figures </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <P> CORE members </P> <Ul> <Li> James Farmer </Li> <Li> Gordon Carey </Li> </Ul> <P> SNCC and Nashville Student Movement members </P> <Ul> <Li> Diane Nash </Li> <Li> John Lewis </Li> <Li> Bernard Lafayette </Li> <Li> James Bevel </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <P> Governors </P> <Ul> <Li> Ross Barnett </Li> <Li> John M. Patterson </Li> </Ul> <P> City of Birmingham </P> <Ul> <Li> Eugene "Bull" Connor </Li> <Li> Tom Cook </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan="2"> Freedom Riders </Th> </Tr>

When did the freedom riders start and end