<P> Initial reaction has deemed the Heller ruling to be of great significance, although it remains too soon to tell what the long - term effects may be . Sanford Levinson has written that he is inclined to believe that the Heller decision will be relatively insignificant to the practice of law in the long run but that it will have significance to other groups interested in cultural literacy and constitutional designers . </P> <P> In 2009, both Levinson and Mark Tushnet speculated that it is quite unlikely that the case would be studied as part of casebooks of future law schools . As was predicted, a large surge of court cases was seen in lower federal courts in the aftermath of the 2008 ruling . As of March 2009, over 80 cases had been filed seeking to overturn existing gun laws . </P> <P> The decision in McDonald v. City of Chicago, which was brought in response to Heller and decided in 2010, did invalidate much of Chicago's gun purchase and registration laws, and has called into question many other state and local laws restricting purchase, possession, and carry of firearms . </P>

Which of the following is false in regard to precedents set in district of columbia v. heller