<P> Lyme disease is transmitted to humans by the bite of infected ticks of the genus Ixodes . Usually, the tick must be attached for 36 to 48 hours before the bacteria can spread . In North America, Borrelia burgdorferi and Borrelia mayonii are the cause . In Europe and Asia, the bacteria Borrelia afzelii and Borrelia garinii are also causes of the disease . The disease does not appear to be transmissible between people, by other animals, or through food . Diagnosis is based upon a combination of symptoms, history of tick exposure, and possibly testing for specific antibodies in the blood . Blood tests are often negative in the early stages of the disease . Testing of individual ticks is not typically useful . </P> <P> Prevention includes efforts to prevent tick bites such as by wearing long pants and using DEET . Using pesticides to reduce tick numbers may also be effective . Ticks can be removed using tweezers . If the removed tick was full of blood, a single dose of doxycycline may be used to prevent development of infection, but is not generally recommended since development of infection is rare . If an infection develops, a number of antibiotics are effective, including doxycycline, amoxicillin, and cefuroxime . Standard treatment usually lasts for two or three weeks . Some people develop a fever and muscle and joint pains from treatment which may last for one or two days . In those who develop persistent symptoms, long - term antibiotic therapy has not been found to be useful . </P> <P> Lyme disease is the most common disease spread by ticks in the Northern Hemisphere . It is estimated to affect 300,000 people a year in the United States and 65,000 people a year in Europe . Infections are most common in the spring and early summer . Lyme disease was diagnosed as a separate condition for the first time in 1975 in Old Lyme, Connecticut . It was originally mistaken for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis . The bacterium involved was first described in 1981 by Willy Burgdorfer . Chronic symptoms are well described and are known as post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome, often called chronic Lyme disease . Some healthcare providers claim that it is due to ongoing infection; however, this is not believed to be true, due to the inability to detect infectious organisms after standard treatment . A Lyme vaccine was marketed in the US between 1998 and 2002; it was withdrawn from the market due to poor sales, originally due to lack of reimbursement by insurance companies and then due to rumors about adverse effects . Research is ongoing to develop new vaccines . </P> <P> Lyme disease can affect multiple body systems and produce a broad range of symptoms . Not all patients with Lyme disease have all symptoms, and many of the symptoms are not specific to Lyme disease, but can occur with other diseases, as well . The incubation period from infection to the onset of symptoms is usually one to two weeks, but can be much shorter (days), or much longer (months to years). </P>

Where did the name lyme disease come from
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