<P> In philosophy, empiricism is a theory that states that knowledge comes only or primarily from sensory experience . It is one of several views of epistemology, the study of human knowledge, along with rationalism and skepticism . Empiricism emphasises the role of empirical evidence in the formation of ideas, over the idea of innate ideas or traditions . However, empiricists may argue that traditions (or customs) arise due to relations of previous sense experiences . </P> <P> Empiricism in the philosophy of science emphasises evidence, especially as discovered in experiments . It is a fundamental part of the scientific method that all hypotheses and theories must be tested against observations of the natural world rather than resting solely on a priori reasoning, intuition, or revelation . </P> <P> Empiricism, often used by natural scientists, says that "knowledge is based on experience" and that "knowledge is tentative and probabilistic, subject to continued revision and falsification". Empirical research, including experiments and validated measurement tools, guides the scientific method . </P>

Who argued that human observers acquired knowledge through their senses