<Ul> <Li> Empire of Japan </Li> </Ul> <Li> Empire of Japan </Li> <Li> Africa <Ul> <Li> Sokoto Caliphate </Li> <Li> Adamawa Emirate </Li> <Li> Mahdist Sudan </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Ul> <Li> Sokoto Caliphate </Li> <Li> Adamawa Emirate </Li> <Li> Mahdist Sudan </Li> </Ul>

Which of these civilizations was the first to create