<P> The general pattern of development for wealthy nations was a transition from a primary industry based economy to a manufacturing based one, and then to a service based economy . Canada did not escape this pattern--at its (abnormally high World War II) peak in 1944, manufacturing accounted for 29% of GDP, declining to 15.6% in 2005 . Canada has not suffered as greatly as most other rich, industrialized nations from the pains of the relative decline in the importance of manufacturing since the 1960s . A 2009 study by Statistics Canada also found that, while manufacturing declined as a relative percentage of GDP from 24.3% in the 1960s to 15.6% in 2005, manufacturing volumes between 1961 and 2005 kept pace with the overall growth in the volume index of GDP . Manufacturing in Canada was especially hit hard by the financial crisis of 2007--08 . As of 2010, manufacturing accounts for 13% of Canada's GDP, a relative decline of more than 2% of GDP since 2005 . </P> <P> Central Canada is home to branch plants to all the major American and Japanese automobile makers and many parts factories owned by Canadian firms such as Magna International and Linamar Corporation . </P> <P> Canada is one of the few developed nations that is a net exporter of energy--in 2009 net exports of energy products amounted to 2.9% of GDP . Most important are the large oil and gas resources centred in Alberta and the Northern Territories, but also present in neighbouring British Columbia and Saskatchewan . The vast Athabasca oil sands give Canada the world's third largest reserves of oil after Saudi Arabia and Venezuela according to USGS . In British Columbia and Quebec, as well as Ontario, Saskatchewan, Manitoba and the Labrador region, hydroelectric power is an inexpensive and relatively environmentally friendly source of abundant energy . In part because of this, Canada is also one of the world's highest per capita consumers of energy . Cheap energy has enabled the creation of several important industries, such as the large aluminum industries in British Columbia and Quebec . </P> <P> Historically, an important issue in Canadian politics is the interplay between the oil and energy industry in Western Canada and the industrial heartland of Southern Ontario . Foreign investment in Western oil projects has fueled Canada's rising dollar . This has raised the price of Ontario's manufacturing exports and made them less competitive, a problem similar to the decline of the manufacturing sector in the Netherlands . Also, Ontario has relatively fewer native sources of power . However, it is cheaper for Alberta to ship its oil to the western United States than to eastern Canada . The eastern Canadian ports thus import significant quantities of oil from overseas, and Ontario makes significant use of nuclear power . </P>

What percentage of canada's economy is oil and gas