<P> Shortly after this episode, local resistance to the reforms emerged in England . The Dissolution of the Monasteries, which began in 1536, provoked a violent northern Catholic rebellion in the Pilgrimage of Grace, which was eventually put down with much bloodshed . The reformation continued to be imposed on an often unwilling population with the aid of stern laws that made it treason, punishable by death, to oppose the King's actions with respect to religion . The next major armed resistance took place in the Prayer Book Rebellion of 1549, which was an unsuccessful rising in western England against the enforced substitution of Cranmer's English language service for the Latin Catholic Mass . </P> <P> In 1549 it came to the Prayer Book Rebellion . </P> <P> Following the restoration of Catholicism under Queen Mary I of England in 1553, there was a brief unsuccessful Protestant rising in the south - east of England . </P> <P> The Reformation in Scotland began in conflict . Fiery Calvinist preacher John Knox returned to Scotland in 1560, having been exiled for his part in the assassination of Cardinal Beaton . He proceeded to Dundee where a large number of Protestant sympathisers and noblemen had gathered . Knox was declared an outlaw by the Queen Regent, Mary of Guise, but the Protestants went at once to Perth, a walled town that could be defended in case of a siege . At the church of St John the Baptist, Knox preached a fiery sermon that provoked an iconoclastic riot . A mob poured into the church and it was entirely gutted . In the pattern of Calvinist riots in France and the Netherlands, the mob then attacked two friaries in the town, looting their gold and silver and smashing images . Mary of Guise gathered those nobles loyal to her and a small French army . </P>

Why did difference in religion lead to war in the holy roman empire