<Dl> <Dd> x = ρ cos ⁡ φ y = ρ sin ⁡ φ (\ displaystyle (\ begin (aligned) x& = \ rho \ cos \ varphi \ \ y& = \ rho \ sin \ varphi \ end (aligned))) </Dd> </Dl> <Dd> x = ρ cos ⁡ φ y = ρ sin ⁡ φ (\ displaystyle (\ begin (aligned) x& = \ rho \ cos \ varphi \ \ y& = \ rho \ sin \ varphi \ end (aligned))) </Dd> <P> in one direction, and </P> <Dl> <Dd> ρ = x 2 + y 2 φ = (0 if x = 0 and y = 0 arcsin ⁡ (y ρ) if x ≥ 0 arctan ⁡ (y x) if x> 0 − arcsin ⁡ (y ρ) + π if x <0 (\ displaystyle (\ begin (aligned) \ rho & = (\ sqrt (x ^ (2) + y ^ (2))) \ \ \ varphi & = (\ begin (cases) 0& (\ mbox (if)) x = 0 (\ mbox (and)) y = 0 \ \ \ arcsin \ left ((\ frac (y) (\ rho)) \ right) & (\ mbox (if)) x \ geq 0 \ \ \ arctan \ left ((\ frac (y) (x)) \ right) & (\ mbox (if)) x> 0 \ \ - \ arcsin \ left ((\ frac (y) (\ rho)) \ right) + \ pi & (\ mbox (if)) x <0 \ end (cases)) \ end (aligned))) </Dd> </Dl>

Describe the relationship of the three elements in model 1 with regard to their relative positions