<P> By 1830, eighty - five percent of inhabitants of rice plantations in the Low Country were slaves . When rice planters left the malarial low country for cities such as Charleston during the social season, up to 98 percent of the Low Country residents were slaves . This led to a preservation of West African customs while developing the Creole culture known as Gullah . By 1830, two - thirds of South Carolina's counties had populations with 40 percent or more enslaved; even in the two counties with the lowest rates of slavery, 23 percent of the population were slaves . </P> <P> In 1822, a black freedman named Denmark Vesey and compatriots around Charleston organized a plan for thousands of slaves to participate in an armed uprising to gain freedom . Vesey's plan, inspired by the 1791 Haitian Revolution, called for thousands of armed black men to kill their slaveholders, seize the city of Charleston, and escape from the United States by sailing to Haiti . The plot was discovered when two slaves opposed to the plan leaked word of it to white authorities . Charleston authorities charged 131 men with participating in the conspiracy . In total, the state convicted 67 men and killed 35 of them by hanging, including Denmark Vesey . White fear of slave insurrections after the Vesey conspiracy led to a 9: 15 pm curfew for slaves in Charleston, and the establishment of a municipal guard of 150 white men in Charleston, with half the men stationed in an arsenal called the Citadel . </P> <P> Plantations in older Southern states such as South Carolina wore out the soil to such an extent that 42 percent of state residents left the state for the lower South, to develop plantations with newer soil . The remaining South Carolina plantations were especially hard hit when worldwide cotton markets turned down in 1826--32 and again in 1837--49 . Economic hardships caused many South Carolinians to believe that a "Forty Bale theory" explained their problems . </P> <P> The white minority in South Carolina felt more threatened than in other parts of the South, and reacted more to the economic Panic of 1819, the Missouri Controversy of 1820, and attempts at emancipation in the form of the Ohio Resolutions of 1824 and the American Colonization Petition of 1827 . South Carolina's first attempt at nullification occurred in 1822, when South Carolina adopted a policy of jailing foreign black sailors at South Carolina ports . This policy violated a treaty between the United Kingdom and the United States, but South Carolina defied a complaint from Britain through American Secretary of State John Quincy Adams and a United States Supreme Court justice's federal circuit decision condemning the jailings . Foreign blacks from Santo Domingo previously communicated with Vesey's conspirators, and the South Carolina state Senate declared that the need to prevent insurrections was more important than laws, treaties or constitutions . </P>

He only working tea plantation in the us is located in which southern state