<Li> 2016--present </Li> <P> The Kashmir conflict is a territorial conflict primarily between India and Pakistan, having started just after the partition of India in 1947 . China has at times played a minor role . India and Pakistan have fought three wars over Kashmir, including the Indo - Pakistani Wars of 1947 and 1965, as well as the Kargil War of 1999 . The two countries have also been involved in several skirmishes over control of the Siachen Glacier . </P> <P> India claims the entire princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, and, as of 2010, administers approximately 43% of the region . It controls Jammu, the Kashmir Valley, Ladakh, and the Siachen Glacier . India's claims are contested by Pakistan, which administers approximately 37% of the region, namely Azad Kashmir and Gilgit - Baltistan . China currently administers the remaining 20% mostly uninhabited areas, the Shaksgam Valley, and the Aksai Chin region . </P> <P> The present conflict is in Kashmir Valley . The root of conflict between the Kashmiri insurgents and the Indian government is tied to a dispute over local autonomy and based on the demand for self - determination . Democratic development was limited in Kashmir until the late 1970s, and by 1988, many of the democratic reforms introduced by the Indian Government had been reversed . Non-violent channels for expressing discontent were thereafter limited and caused a dramatic increase in support for insurgents advocating violent secession from India . In 1987, a disputed state election created a catalyst for the insurgency when it resulted in some of the state's legislative assembly members forming armed insurgent groups . In July 1988 a series of demonstrations, strikes and attacks on the Indian Government began the Kashmir Insurgency . </P>

Which three countries have been most involved in the conflict over kashmir