<P> Jews in Brazil are a small but sizable population, and they include mostly Ashkenazi Jews (who also arrived with the post-colonial contingent of European migration), a smaller proportion of Sephardi Jews (mostly Eastern Sephardim arrived with the contingent of post-colonial immigrants from Syria and Lebanon, but also North African Sephardim from Morocco settled in the Amazon, and Western Sephardim arrived with the Dutch), and to a much lesser extent Mizrahi Jews . Overall, the small but sizable Brazilian Jewish community is concentrated especially in São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Porto Alegre, and they are accounted for without Brazilian descendants of Portuguese "New Christians" (ethnic Sephardic Jews forced to convert to Christianity and arrived with the ethnic Portuguese during the colonial period), which if included would inflate the Jewish origin population in Brazil considerably . By themselves, Brazilian descendants of Portuguese "New Christians" are estimated to account for a figure anywhere between hundreds of thousands to several million . </P> <P> The descendants of European immigrants, particularly the Germans, Italians, Austrians, Swiss, Poles, Ukrainians, French, Dutch, Lithuanians, Scandinavians, Russians, Hungarians, Finns and Luxembourgers are mainly concentrated in the southern part of the country, in the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Paraná, and the most populous, São Paulo; these states have a wide majority of citizens of European descent . São Paulo alone has the largest population in absolute numbers with 30 million whites . In the rest of the country, part of the white population is of colonial Portuguese, Dutch, Spanish and French settler stock, especially in the Northeast . In the mid-southern states of Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul and in the Federal District, the number of whites (European and Levantine phenotype) revolves around 50% of the population, being somewhat equal to the absolute number of Afro - Brazilians, East Asians and mixed race Brazilians, i.e., Caboclos or Mestizo / Castizo, Mulattoes, Eurasians and Gypsies altogether . </P> <P> In the Northeast, which received large masses of African slaves to work in sugarcane, tobacco and cotton plantations, people of African and mixed - race descent predominate, mostly on the coast, whereas in the semi-arid country land (usually called sertão) there is a predominance of white and Amerindian - European mixed people . Most of the black or mulatto people in the sertão are descended from freed African slaves or mulattos who fled inland from the coast and worked as cowboys for semi-feudal lords . The city of Salvador da Bahia is considered one of the largest black cities of the world . In the Northwest (covering largely the Brazilian Amazon), a great part of the population has distinguishable ethnic characteristics that emphasize their Amerindian roots . Other ethnic groups have merged with the Indigenous tribes there . This region is not densely populated, and "caboclos", people of mixed native and European descent, are a small part of the entire Brazilian population . </P> <P> The Japanese are the largest Asian group in Brazil . In fact, Brazil has the largest population of Japanese ancestry outside Japan, with 1.8 million Japanese - Brazilians, most of them living in São Paulo . Some Chinese and Korean also settled Brazil . Most Chinese came from mainland China, but others came from Taiwan and Hong Kong, and also from Portuguese - speaking Macau--these Chinese from Macau could speak and understand Portuguese, and it was not hard for them to adjust to Brazilian life . Those immigrant populations and their descendants still retain some of their original ethnic identity, however they are not closed communities and are rapidly integrating into mainstream Brazilian society: for instance, very few of the third generation can understand their grandparents' languages . </P>

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