<P> Twentieth - century fiction includes at least three novels with the flu pandemic as a major theme: Katherine Anne Porter's Pale Horse, Pale Rider, Thomas Mullen's The Last Town on Earth, and Thomas Wolfe's Look Homeward, Angel . </P> <P> In the one - act play 1918 by Horton Foote (part of his Orphans' Home Cycle (1979)), the presence and threat of the flu (and the tragedy it ultimately causes) is a major element of the plot . The play was made into a film of the same title, released in 1985, which was subsequently edited for broadcast by PBS as the last part of the miniseries "The Story of A Marriage". </P> <Ul> <Li> <P> Two American Red Cross nurses demonstrating treatment practices during the influenza pandemic of 1918 . </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Albertan farmers wearing masks to protect themselves from the flu . </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Policemen wearing masks provided by the American Red Cross in Seattle, 1918 </P> </Li> <Li> <P> A street car conductor in Seattle in 1918 refusing to allow passengers aboard who are not wearing masks </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Red Cross workers remove a flu victim in St. Louis, Missouri (1918) </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Influenza ward at Walter Reed Hospital during the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918--1919 </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Burying flu victims, North River, Canada (1918) </P> </Li> <Li> <P> 1919 Tokyo, Japan </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Japanese poster in 1919 </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Demonstration at the Red Cross Emergency Ambulance Station in Washington, D.C., during the influenza pandemic of 1918 </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Cavalry memorial on the hill Lueg, memory of the Bernese cavalrymen victims of the 1918 flu pandemic; Emmental, Bern, Switzerland </P> </Li> <Li> <P> The Spanish flu as the Naples Soldier (Spain, 1918) </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Spanish biologists and the flu microbe (Spain, 1918) </P> </Li> </Ul> <Li> <P> Two American Red Cross nurses demonstrating treatment practices during the influenza pandemic of 1918 . </P> </Li>

What were the causes of the 1918 flu pandemic