<P> The change in sovereignty of Puerto Rico, like the occupation of Cuba, brought about major changes in both the insular and U.S. economies . Prior to 1898 the sugar industry in Puerto Rico was in decline for nearly half a century . In the second half of the nineteenth century, technological advances increased the capital requirements to remain competitive in the sugar industry . Agriculture began to shift toward coffee production, which required less capital and land accumulation . However, these trends were reversed with U.S. hegemony . Early U.S. monetary and legal policies made it both harder for local farmers to continue operations and easier for American businesses to accumulate land . This, along with the large capital reserves of American businesses, led to a resurgence in the Puerto Rican sugar industry in the form of large American owned agro-industrial complexes . </P> <P> At the same time, the inclusion of Puerto Rico into the U.S. tariff system as a customs area, effectively treating Puerto Rico as a state with respect to internal or external trade, increased the codependence of the insular and mainland economies and benefitted sugar exports with tariff protection . In 1897 the United States purchased 19.6 percent of Puerto Rico's exports while supplying 18.5 percent of its imports . By 1905 these figures jumped to 84 percent and 85 percent, respectively . However, coffee was not protected, as it was not a product of the mainland . At the same time, Cuba and Spain, traditionally the largest importers of Puerto Rican coffee, now subjected Puerto Rico to previously nonexistent import tariffs . These two effects led to a decline in the coffee industry . From 1897 to 1901 coffee went from 65.8 percent of exports to 19.6 percent while sugar went from 21.6 percent to 55 percent . The tariff system also provided a protected market place for Puerto Rican tobacco exports . The tobacco industry went from nearly nonexistent in Puerto Rico to a major part of the country's agricultural sector . </P> <P> The Spanish--American War was the first U.S. war in which the motion picture camera played a role . The Library of Congress archives contain many films and film clips from the war . In addition, a few feature films have been made about the war . These include </P> <Ul> <Li> The Rough Riders, a 1927 silent film </Li> <Li> A Message to Garcia, 1936 </Li> <Li> Rough Riders, a 1997 television miniseries directed by John Milius, and featuring Tom Berenger (Theodore Roosevelt), Gary Busey (Joseph Wheeler), Sam Elliott (Buckey O'Neill), Dale Dye (Leonard Wood), Brian Keith (William McKinley), George Hamilton (William Randolph Hearst), and R. Lee Ermey (John Hay) </Li> <Li> The Spanish--American War: First Intervention, a 2007 docudrama from The History Channel </Li> <Li> Baler, a 2008 film about the Siege of Baler </Li> <Li> Los últimos de Filipinas ("The Last Ones of the Philippines"), a 1945 Spanish biographical film directed by Antonio Román . </Li> <Li> Amigo, 2010 </Li> </Ul>

At the conclusion of the spanish american war the us