<P> The concept of the ZPD is widely used to study children's mental development as it relates to education . The ZPD concept is seen as a scaffolding, a structure of "support points" for performing an action . This refers to the help or guidance received from an adult or more competent peer to permit the child to work within the ZPD . Although Vygotsky himself never mentioned the term, scaffolding was first developed by Jerome Bruner, David Wood, and Gail Ross, while applying Vygotsky's concept of ZPD to various educational contexts . According to Wass and Golding, giving students the hardest tasks they can do with scaffolding will lead to the greatest learning gains . </P> <P> Scaffolding is a process through which a teacher or a more competent peer helps the student in his or her ZPD as necessary and tapers off this aid as it becomes unnecessary, much as a scaffold is removed from a building after construction is completed . "Scaffolding (is) the way the adult guides the child's learning via focused questions and positive interactions ." This concept has been further developed by Mercedes Chaves Jaime, Ann Brown, among others . Several instructional programs were developed based on this interpretation of the ZPD, including reciprocal teaching and dynamic assessment . In order for scaffolding to work and have an effect, one must start at the child's level of knowledge and build from there . </P> <P> One example of children using ZPD is when they are learning to speak . As their speech develops, it influences the way the child thinks, which in turn also influences the child's manner of speaking . Wells gives the example of dancing: when a person is learning how to dance, they look to others around them on the dance floor and imitate their moves . A person does not copy the dance moves exactly, but takes what they can and adds their own personality to it . </P> <P> In mathematics, proximal development uses mathematical exercises for which students have seen one or more worked examples . In secondary school some scaffolding is provided, and generally much less at the tertiary level . Ultimately students must find library resources or a tutor when presented with challenges beyond the zone . </P>

Provide an example of the zpd in relation to scaffolding children’s learning
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