<P> Some studies have demonstrated that toothpastes with xylitol as an ingredient are more effective at preventing dental caries in permanent of children teeth than toothpastes containing fluoride alone . Furthermore, xylitol has not been found to cause any harmful effects . Further investigation into the efficacy of toothpastes containing this product is however required as the currently available studies are of low quality and therefore the results of such studies must be applied carefully . </P> <P> Water fluoridation has been praised as one of the top medical achievements of the 20th century . </P> <P> Fluoride - containing toothpaste can be acutely toxic if swallowed in large amounts . Approximately 15 mg / kg body weight is the acute lethal dose, even though as small amount as 5 mg / kg may be fatal to some children . </P> <P> The risk of using fluoride is low enough that the use of full - strength toothpaste (1350--1500 ppm fluoride) is advised for all ages . However, smaller volumes are used for young children, for example, a smear of toothpaste until three years old . A major concern of dental fluorosis is for children under 12 months ingesting excessive fluoride through toothpaste . Nausea and vomiting are also problems which might arise with topical fluoride ingestion . </P>

What type of process is the packaging of tooth paste