<Li> And intuition, a mental function with access to deep behavioral patterns, being able to suggest unexpected solutions or predict unforeseen consequences, "as if seeing around corners" as Jung put it . </Li> <P> Jung insisted on an empirical psychology on which theories must be based on facts and not on the psychologist's projections or expectations . </P> <P> Around 1875 the Harvard physiology instructor (as he then was), William James, opened a small experimental psychology demonstration laboratory for use with his courses . The laboratory was never used, at that time, for original research, and so controversy remains as to whether it is to be regarded as the "first" experimental psychology laboratory or not . In 1878, James gave a series of lectures at Johns Hopkins University entitled "The Senses and the Brain and their Relation to Thought" in which he argued, contra Thomas Henry Huxley, that consciousness is not epiphenomenal, but must have an evolutionary function, or it would not have been naturally selected in humans . The same year James was contracted by Henry Holt to write a textbook on the "new" experimental psychology . If he had written it quickly, it would have been the first English - language textbook on the topic . It was twelve years, however, before his two - volume The Principles of Psychology would be published . In the meantime textbooks were published by George Trumbull Ladd of Yale (1887) and James Mark Baldwin then of Lake Forest College (1889). </P> <P> In 1879 Charles Sanders Peirce was hired as a philosophy instructor at Johns Hopkins University . Although better known for his astronomical and philosophical work, Peirce also conducted what are perhaps the first American psychology experiments, on the subject of color vision, published in 1877 in the American Journal of Science (see Cadwallader, 1974). Peirce and his student Joseph Jastrow published "On Small Differences in Sensation" in the Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences, in 1884 . In 1882, Peirce was joined at Johns Hopkins by G. Stanley Hall, who opened the first American research laboratory devoted to experimental psychology in 1883 . Peirce was forced out of his position by scandal and Hall was awarded the only professorship in philosophy at Johns Hopkins . In 1887 Hall founded the American Journal of Psychology, which published work primarily emanating from his own laboratory . In 1888 Hall left his Johns Hopkins professorship for the presidency of the newly founded Clark University, where he remained for the rest of his career . </P>

When was the first institute in the united states devoted to studying child development established