<P> A justice voting with the majority may write a concurring opinion; this is an opinion where the justice agrees with the majority holding itself, but where he or she wishes to express views on the legal elements of the case that are not encompassed in the majority opinion . Justices who do not agree with the decision made by the majority may also submit dissenting opinions, which may give alternative legal viewpoints . Dissenting opinions carry no legal weight or precedent, but they can set the argument for future cases . John Marshall Harlan's dissent in Plessy v. Ferguson set down for the majority opinion later in Brown v. Board of Education . </P> <P> After granting a writ of certiorari and accepting a case for review, the justices may decide against further review of the case . For example, the Court may feel the case presented during oral arguments did not present the constitutional issues in a clear - cut way, and that adjudication of these issues is better deferred until a suitable case comes before the court . In this event the writ of certiorari is "dismissed as improvidently granted" (DIG)--saying, in effect that the Court should not have accepted the case . As with the granting or denial of cert, this dismissal is customarily made using a simple per curiam decision without explanation . </P> <P> Customarily, justices who were not seated at the time oral arguments were heard by the Supreme Court do not participate in the formulation of an opinion . Likewise, a justice leaving the Court prior to the handing down of an opinion does not take part in the Court's opinion . Should the composition of the Court materially affect the outcome of a pending case, the justices will likely elect to reschedule the case for rehearing . </P> <P> If not all of the nine justices vote on a case, or the Court has a vacancy, then a tied vote is possible . If this occurs, then the decision of the court below is affirmed, but the case is not considered to be binding precedent . The effect is a return to the status quo ante . No opinions (or voting alignments) are issued in such a case, only the one - sentence announcement that "(t) he judgment is affirmed by an equally divided Court ." Omega S.A. v. Costco Wholesale Corp. is an example of such a case . The court tries to avoid such rulings when possible: After the retirement of Justice O'Connor in 2006 three cases would have ended with a tie . All cases were reargued to allow the newly appointed Samuel Alito to cast a decisive vote . </P>

What is the process of the supreme court