<P> Chemical controls include horticultural oils or the application of insecticides and herbicides . A green pest management IPM program uses pesticides derived from plants, such as botanicals, or other naturally occurring materials . </P> <P> Pesticides can be classified by their modes of action . Rotating among materials with different modes of action minimizes pest resistance . </P> <P> Evaluation is the process of assessing whether the intervention was effective, whether it produced unacceptable side effects, whether to continue, revise or abandon the program . </P> <P> The Green Revolution of the 1960s and' 70s introduced sturdier plants that could support the heavier grain loads resulting from intensive fertilizer use . Pesticide imports by 11 Southeast Asian countries grew nearly sevenfold in value between 1990 and 2010, according to FAO statistics, with disastrous results . Rice farmers become accustomed to spraying soon after planting, triggered by signs of the leaf folder moth, which appears early in the growing season . It causes only superficial damage and doesn't reduce yields . In 1986, Indonesia banned 57 pesticides and completely stopped subsidizing their use . Progress was reversed in the 2000s, when growing production capacity, particularly in China, reduced prices . Rice production in Asia more than doubled . But it left farmers believing more is better--whether it's seed, fertilizer, or pesticides . </P>

In order to institute an integrated pest management program it is necessary to