<P> Philosophical hedonism is a meta - ethical theory of value which argues that pleasure is the only intrinsic good and pain is the only intrinsic bad . The basic idea behind hedonistic thought is that pleasure (an umbrella term for all inherently likable emotions) is the only thing that is good in and of itself or by its very nature . The normative implications of this are evaluating character or behavior as morally good to the extent that one is concerned with pleasure / pain qua pleasure / pain or an action leads to a greater balance of pleasure over pain than any other would . </P> <P> A libertine is one devoid of most moral restraints, which are seen as unnecessary or undesirable, especially one who ignores or even spurns accepted morals and forms of behaviour sanctified by the larger society . Libertines place value on physical pleasures, meaning those experienced through the senses . As a philosophy, libertinism gained new - found adherents in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, particularly in France and Great Britain . Notable among these were John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester, and the Marquis de Sade . During the Baroque era in France, there existed a freethinking circle of philosophers and intellectuals who were collectively known as libertinage érudit and which included Gabriel Naudé, Élie Diodati and François de La Mothe Le Vayer . The critic Vivian de Sola Pinto linked John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester's libertinism to Hobbesian materialism . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Part of a series on </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Libertarianism </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Origins (show) <Ul> <Li> Age of Enlightenment </Li> <Li> Aristotelianism </Li> <Li> Classical liberalism </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Concepts (show) <Ul> <Li> Anti-authoritarianism </Li> <Li> Antimilitarism </Li> <Li> Anti-statism </Li> <Li> Anti-war </Li> <Li> Argumentation ethics </Li> <Li> Class struggle </Li> <Li> Communes </Li> <Li> Counter-economics </Li> <Li> Crypto - anarchism </Li> <Li> Decentralization </Li> <Li> Direct action </Li> <Li> Dispute resolution organization </Li> <Li> Economic freedom </Li> <Li> Egalitarianism </Li> <Li> Expropriative anarchism </Li> <Li> Free market </Li> <Li> Free - market environmentalism </Li> <Li> Free migration </Li> <Li> Free society </Li> <Li> Free trade </Li> <Li> Free will </Li> <Li> Freedom of association </Li> <Li> Freedom of contract </Li> <Li> Gift economy </Li> <Li> Homestead principle </Li> <Li> Illegalism </Li> <Li> Individuality </Li> <Li> Individualism </Li> <Li> Individual reclamation </Li> <Li> Laissez - faire </Li> <Li> Liberty </Li> <Li> Limited government </Li> <Li> Localism </Li> <Li> Marriage privatization </Li> <Li> Natural and legal rights </Li> <Li> Night - watchman state </Li> <Li> Non-aggression principle </Li> <Li> Non-interventionism </Li> <Li> Non-politics </Li> <Li> Non-voting </Li> <Li> Participatory economics </Li> <Li> Polycentric law </Li> <Li> Private defense agency </Li> <Li> Propaganda of the deed </Li> <Li> Property </Li> <Li> Really Really Free Market </Li> <Li> Refusal of work </Li> <Li> Restorative justice </Li> <Li> Self - governance </Li> <Li> Self - ownership </Li> <Li> Single tax </Li> <Li> Spontaneous order </Li> <Li> Squatting </Li> <Li> Stateless society </Li> <Li> Tax resistance </Li> <Li> Title - transfer theory of contract </Li> <Li> Voluntary association </Li> <Li> Voluntary society </Li> <Li> Wage slavery </Li> <Li> Workers' self - management </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Schools (show) <Ul> <Li> Agorism </Li> <Li> Anarchism </Li> <Li> Anarcho - capitalism </Li> <Li> Autarchism </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> Christian libertarianism </Li> <Li> Collectivist anarchism </Li> <Li> Consequentialist libertarianism </Li> <Li> Free - market anarchism </Li> <Li> Fusionism </Li> <Li> Geolibertarianism </Li> <Li> Georgism </Li> <Li> Green anarchism </Li> <Li> Green libertarianism </Li> <Li> Individualist anarchism </Li> <Li> Insurrectionary anarchism </Li> <Li> Left - libertarianism </Li> <Li> Left - wing market anarchism </Li> <Li> Libertarian communism </Li> <Li> Libertarian Marxism </Li> <Li> Libertarian socialism </Li> <Li> Libertarian transhumanism </Li> <Li> Minarchism </Li> <Li> Mutualism </Li> <Li> Natural - rights libertarianism </Li> <Li> Paleolibertarianism </Li> <Li> Panarchism </Li> <Li> Right - libertarianism </Li> <Li> Social anarchism </Li> <Li> Voluntaryism </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> People (show) <Ul> <Li> Émile Armand </Li> <Li> Mikhail Bakunin </Li> <Li> Frédéric Bastiat </Li> <Li> Alexander Berkman </Li> <Li> Walter Block </Li> <Li> Murray Bookchin </Li> <Li> Jason Brennan </Li> <Li> Bryan Caplan </Li> <Li> Kevin Carson </Li> <Li> Voltairine de Cleyre </Li> <Li> Joseph Déjacque </Li> <Li> Buenaventura Durruti </Li> <Li> Francesc Ferrer i Guàrdia </Li> <Li> Ricardo Flores Magón </Li> <Li> David D. Friedman </Li> <Li> Milton Friedman </Li> <Li> Luigi Galleani </Li> <Li> Henry George </Li> <Li> William Godwin </Li> <Li> Emma Goldman </Li> <Li> Paul Goodman </Li> <Li> Friedrich Hayek </Li> <Li> Henry Hazlitt </Li> <Li> Auberon Herbert </Li> <Li> Karl Hess </Li> <Li> Thomas Hodgskin </Li> <Li> Hans - Hermann Hoppe </Li> <Li> Samuel Edward Konkin III </Li> <Li> Peter Kropotkin </Li> <Li> Étienne de La Boétie </Li> <Li> Gustav Landauer </Li> <Li> Rose Wilder Lane </Li> <Li> Roderick T. Long </Li> <Li> Tibor R. Machan </Li> <Li> Nestor Makhno </Li> <Li> Errico Malatesta </Li> <Li> Wendy McElroy </Li> <Li> Carl Menger </Li> <Li> Louise Michel </Li> <Li> John Stuart Mill </Li> <Li> Ludwig von Mises </Li> <Li> Tim Moen </Li> <Li> Gustave de Molinari </Li> <Li> Johann Most </Li> <Li> Albert Jay Nock </Li> <Li> Robert Nozick </Li> <Li> Marco Pannella </Li> <Li> Isabel Paterson </Li> <Li> Ron Paul </Li> <Li> Francesc Pi i Margall </Li> <Li> Pierre - Joseph Proudhon </Li> <Li> Ayn Rand </Li> <Li> Rudolf Rocker </Li> <Li> Murray Rothbard </Li> <Li> Jean - Baptiste Say </Li> <Li> J. Neil Schulman </Li> <Li> Herbert Spencer </Li> <Li> Lysander Spooner </Li> <Li> Max Stirner </Li> <Li> Henry David Thoreau </Li> <Li> Leo Tolstoy </Li> <Li> Benjamin Tucker </Li> <Li> Voline </Li> <Li> Josiah Warren </Li> <Li> Thomas Woods </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Aspects (show) <Ul> <Li> Anarcho - capitalism and minarchism </Li> <Li> Criticisms </Li> <Li> Intellectual property </Li> <Li> Internal debates </Li> <Li> LGBT rights </Li> <Li> Objectivism </Li> <Li> Political parties </Li> <Li> Theories of law </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Organizations (show) <Ul> <Li> International Alliance of Libertarian Parties </Li> <Li> Students For Liberty </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Related topics (show) <Ul> <Li> Austrian School of economics </Li> <Li> Civil libertarianism </Li> <Li> Constitutionalism </Li> <Li> Libertarian conservatism </Li> <Li> Libertarian Democrat </Li> <Li> Libertarian hip hop </Li> <Li> Libertarian Republican </Li> <Li> Libertarian science fiction </Li> <Li> Libertarian transhumanism </Li> <Li> Libertarianism in the United States </Li> <Li> Market liberalism </Li> <Li> Objectivism </Li> <Li> Public choice theory </Li> <Li> Small government </Li> <Li> Technolibertarianism </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Outline of libertarianism </Li> <Li> Libertarianism portal </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Td> Part of a series on </Td> </Tr>

Who believes that the state exists for the individual and not individual for the state