<P> National identity requires the process of self - categorization and it involves both the identification of in - group (identifying with one's nation), and differentiation of out - group s (other nations). By recognizing commonalities such as having common descent and common destiny, people identify with a nation and form an in - group, and at the same time they view people that identify with a different nation as out - groups . </P> <P> Social identity theory suggests a positive relationship between identification of a nation and derogation of other nations . By identifying with one's nation, people involve in intergroup comparisons, and tend to derogate out - groups . However, several studies have investigated this relationship between national identity and derogating other countries, and found that identifying with national identity does not necessarily result in out - group derogation . </P> <P> National identity, like other social identities, engenders positive emotions such as pride and love to one's nation, and feeling of obligations toward other citizens . The socialization of national identity, such as socializing national pride and a sense of the country's exceptionalism contributes to harmony among ethnic groups . For example, in the U.S, by integrating diverse ethnic groups in the overarching identity of being an American, people are united by a shared emotion of national pride and the feeling of belonging to the U.S, and thus tend to mitigate ethnic conflicts . </P> <P> National identity can be most noticeable when the nation confronts external or internal enemy and natural disasters . An example of this phenomenon is the rise in patriotism and national identity in the U.S after the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 . The identity of being an American are salient after the terrorist attacks and American national identity are evoked . Having a common threat or having a common goal unite people in a nation and enhance national identity . </P>

List 5 examples of the ways in which government encourages religion in the united states