<Tr> <Th_colspan="2"> Standard Mandarin </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Hanyu Pinyin </Th> <Td> Zhōngguó hépíng fāzhǎn </Td> </Tr> <P> "China's peaceful rise" or sometimes referred to as "China's peaceful development" was an official policy in China under the leadership of Hu Jintao . The term was implemented to rebut against the "China threat theory ." Historically, China was regarded as a less aggressive empire . As China emerged as a great political, economic and military power, China wanted to assure other countries that its rise will not be a threat to peace and security . China implements this policy by internally harmonizing China's society and externally, promoting a peaceful international environment . It seeks to characterize China as a responsible world leader, emphasizes soft power, and vows that China is committed to its own internal issues and improving the welfare of its own people before interfering with world affairs . The term suggests that China seeks to avoid unnecessary international confrontation . </P> <P> The term proved controversial because the word' rise' could fuel perceptions that China is a threat to the established order, so since 2004 the term China's peaceful development has been used by the Chinese leadership . </P>

China threat or a peaceful rise of china
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