<P> Although conservatism has much older roots in American history, the modern movement began to gel in the mid--1930s when intellectuals and politicians collaborated with businessmen to oppose the liberalism of the New Deal, led by President Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR), newly energized labor unions, and big city Democratic machines . After World War II that coalition gained strength from new philosophers and writers who developed an intellectual rationale for conservatism . </P> <P> Richard Nixon's victory in the 1968 presidential election is often considered a realigning election in American politics . From 1932 to 1968, the Democratic Party was obviously the majority party . During that time period, the Democrats had won seven out of nine presidential elections, and their agenda gravely affected that undertaken by the Republican Eisenhower administration . The election of 1968 reversed the situation completely . The Vietnam war split the Democratic Party . White ethnics in the North and white Southerners felt the national Democratic Party had deserted them . The white South has voted Republican at the presidential level since the mid-1960s, and at the state and local level since the 1990s . </P> <P> In the 1980s President Ronald Reagan solidified conservative Republican strength with tax cuts, greatly increased defense spending, deregulation, a policy of rolling back communism (rather than just containing it), a greatly strengthened military, and appeals to family values and conservative Judeo - Christian morality . His impact has led historians to call the 1980s the "Reagan Era". The Reagan model remains the conservative standard for social, economic and foreign policy issues . In recent years social issues such as abortion, gun control, and gay marriage have become important . Since 2009 the Tea Party Movement has energized conservatives at the local level against the policies made by the presidency of Barack Obama, leading to a Republican landslide in 2010 and again in 2014, eventually culminating in the election of Republican Donald Trump as president in 2016 . </P> <P> As the nation plunges into its deepest depression ever, Republicans and conservatives fall into disfavor in 1930, 1932 and 1934, losing more and more of their seats . Liberals (mostly Democrats with a few Republicans and independents) come to power with the landslide 1932 election of liberal Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt . In his first 100 days Roosevelt pushes through a series of dramatic economic programs known as the New Deal . </P>

What did modern conservatives in the 1980s want to reduce