<P> The radical followers of Subhas Chandra Bose, believers in socialism and active revolution would ascend in the hierarchy with Bose's 1938 election to the Congress presidency . </P> <P> According to one approach, the traditionalist point of view, though not in a political sense, was represented in Congressmen like Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Rajendra Prasad, C. Rajagopalachari, Purushottam Das Tandon, Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan and Maulana Azad, who were also associates and followers of Gandhi . Their organizational strength, achieved through leading the clashes with the government, was undisputed and proven when despite winning the 1939 election, Bose resigned the Congress presidency because of the lack of confidence he enjoyed amongst national leaders . A year earlier, in the 1938 election, however, Bose had been elected with the support of Gandhi . Differences arose in 1939 on whether Bose should have a second term . Jawaharlal Nehru, who Gandhi had always preferred to Bose, had had a second term earlier . Bose's own differences centred on the place to be accorded to non-violent as against revolutionary methods . When he set up his Indian National Army in South - east Asia during the Second World War, he invoked Gandhi's name and hailed him as the Father of The Nation . It would be wrong to suggest that the so - called traditionalist leaders looked merely to the ancient heritage of Indian, Asian or, in the case of Maulana Azad and Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, Islamic civilization for inspiration . They believed, along with educationists like Zakir Husain and EW Aryanayakam, that education should be imparted in a manner that enables the learners also to be able to make things with their own hands and learn skills that would make them self - supporting . This method of education was also adopted in some areas in Egypt . (See Reginald Reynolds, Beware of Africans). Zakir Husain was inspired by some European educationists and was able, with Gandhi's support, to dovetail this approach to the one favoured by the Basic Education method introduced by the Indian freedom movement . They believed that the education system, economy and social justice model for a future nation should be designed to suit the specific local requirements . While most were open to the benefits of Western influences and the socio - economic egalitarianism of socialism, they were opposed to being defined by either model . </P> <P> The last important episodes in the Congress involved the final step to independence, and the division of the country on the basis of religions . </P> <P> Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari, the prominent leader from Tamil Nadu resigned from the Congress to actively advocate supporting the British war effort . it was started in 1942 . </P>

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