<P> Jacques Charles and the Robert brothers began filling the world's first hydrogen balloon on the 23rd of August 1783, in the Place des Victoires, Paris . The balloon was comparatively small, a 35 cubic metre sphere of rubberised silk (about 13 feet in diameter), and only capable of lifting about 9 kg . It was filled with hydrogen that had been made by pouring nearly a quarter of a tonne of sulphuric acid onto half a tonne of scrap iron . The hydrogen gas was fed into the envelope via lead pipes; as it was not passed through cold water, the gas was hot when produced, and then contracted as it cooled in the balloon, causing great difficulty in filling the balloon completely . Daily progress bulletins were issued on the inflation, attracting a crowd that became so great, that on the 26th the balloon was moved secretly by night to the Champ de Mars (now the site of the Eiffel Tower), a distance of 4 kilometres. . On August 27, 1783, the balloon was released; Benjamin Franklin was among the crowd of onlookers . </P> <P> The balloon flew northwards for 45 minutes, pursued by chasers on horseback, and landed 21 kilometres away in the village of Gonesse where the reportedly terrified local peasants attacked it with pitchforks and knives, and destroyed it . </P> <P> On 5 June 1783 the Montgolfier brothers first publicly demonstrated an unmanned hot - air balloon 35 feet (11 m) in diameter . On 19 September 1783, their balloon Aerostat Réveillon was flown with the first (non-human) living creatures in a basket attached to the balloon: a sheep called Montauciel ("Climb - to - the - sky"), a duck and a rooster . The sheep was believed to have a reasonable approximation of human physiology . The duck was expected to be unharmed by being lifted aloft . It was included as a control for effects created by the aircraft rather than the altitude . The rooster was included as a further control as it was a bird that did not fly at high altitudes . This demonstration was performed before a crowd at the royal palace in Versailles, before King Louis XVI of France and Queen Marie Antoinette . The flight lasted approximately eight minutes, covered two miles (3 km), and obtained an altitude of about 1,500 feet (460 m). The craft landed safely after flying . </P> <P> The first clearly recorded instance of a balloon carrying (human) passengers used hot air to generate buoyancy and was built by the brothers Joseph - Michel and Jacques - Etienne Montgolfier in Annonay, France . These brothers came from a family of paper manufacturers and had noticed ash rising in paper fires . The Montgolfier brothers gave their first public demonstration of their invention on June 4, 1783 . After experimenting with unmanned balloons and flights with animals, the first tethered balloon flight with humans on board took place on October 19, 1783 with the scientist Jean - François Pilâtre de Rozier, the manufacture manager, Jean - Baptiste Réveillon and Giroud de Villette, at the Folie Titon in Paris . </P>

Who was responsible for early ballooning and what was sent up in the first balloon launch
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