<P> Lincoln argued that a tariff system was less intrusive than domestic taxation: The tariff is the cheaper system, because the duties, being collected in large parcels at a few commercial points, will require comparatively few officers in their collection; while by the direct tax system, the land must be literally covered with assessors and collectors, going forth like swarms of Egyptian locusts, devouring every blade of grass and other green thing . </P> <P> President William McKinley stated the United States' stance under the Republican Party as: </P> <P> Under free trade the trader is the master and the producer the slave . Protection is but the law of nature, the law of self - preservation, of self - development, of securing the highest and best destiny of the race of man . (It is said) that protection is immoral...Why, if protection builds up and elevates 63,000,000 (the U.S. population) of people, the influence of those 63,000,000 of people elevates the rest of the world . We cannot take a step in the pathway of progress without benefiting mankind everywhere . Well, they say,' Buy where you can buy the cheapest'...Of course, that applies to labor as to everything else . Let me give you a maxim that is a thousand times better than that, and it is the protection maxim:' Buy where you can pay the easiest .' And that spot of earth is where labor wins its highest rewards . </P> <P> (Free trade) destroys the dignity and independence of American labor...It will take away from the people of this country who work for a living--and the majority of them live by the sweat of their faces--it will take from them heart and home and hope . It will be self - destruction . </P>

Which of the following is not a major export of the united states