<P> Administrative devolution was granted to Scotland, with the creation of the Scottish Office, in 1885 . In the mid-20th century, the home rule movement became significant, campaigning for a Scottish assembly . Between 1947 and 1950, the Scottish Covenant, a petition requesting a Scottish legislature within the UK, received over two million signatures . It was not until 1979 that devolution entered the political sphere--the Scottish devolution referendum, 1979 was held . Despite a vote of 51.6% in favour of devolution, the Scotland Act 1978 was not put into effect due to a requirement that the' Yes' vote receive the support of 40% of the electorate, which was not met on 63.8% turnout . In 1999, due to the success of a second referendum, the Scottish Parliament was created . </P> <P> English home rule has been discussed in relation to proposals for constitutional changes regarding England following the 2014 Scottish independence referendum . </P> <P> In the United States, some states constitutionally or legislatively grant home rule to cities, counties, and municipalities within their borders . These are called "home rule states ." Local governments in home rule states are free to pass laws and ordinances as they see fit to further their operations, within the bounds of the state and federal constitutions . In other states, local governments have only the authority expressly granted to them by state legislatures, typically in accordance with the legal principle known as Dillon's Rule . </P> <P> The US Constitution gives jurisdiction over the capital city (District of Columbia or Washington, D.C.) to the United States Congress in "all cases whatsoever". This arrangement is due to the fact that the District is neither a state, nor part of a state . At certain times, and presently since 1973, Congress has provided for D.C. government to be carried out primarily by locally elected officials . However, congressional oversight of this local government still exists, and locally elected officials' powers could theoretically be revoked at any time . </P>

Who is given extensive powers to govern a home-rule city