<P> In 1920 an alliance was made between Khilafat leaders and the Indian National Congress, the largest political party in India and of the nationalist movement . Congress leader Mohandas Gandhi and the Khilafat leaders promised to work and fight together for the causes of Khilafat and Swaraj . Seeking to increase pressure on the British, the Khilafatists became a major part of the Non-cooperation movement--a nationwide campaign of mass, peaceful civil disobedience . The support of the Khilafatists helped Gandhi and the Congress ensure Hindu - Muslim unity during the struggle . Khilafat leaders such as Dr. Ansari, Maulana Azad and Hakim Ajmal Khan also grew personally close to Gandhi . These leaders founded the Jamia Millia Islamia in 1920 to promote independent education and social rejuvenation for Muslims . </P> <P> The non-cooperation campaign was at first successful . Massive protests, strikes and acts of civil disobedience spread across India . Hindus and Muslims collectively offered resistance, which was largely peaceful . Gandhi, the Ali brothers and others were imprisoned by the British . Under the flag of Tehrik - e-Khilafat, a Punjab Khilafat deputation comprising Moulana Manzoor Ahmed and Moulana Lutfullah Khan Dankauri took a leading role throughout India, with a particular concentration in the Punjab (Sirsa, Lahore, Haryana etc .). </P> <P> The Ali brothers criticised Gandhi's extreme commitment to non-violence and severed their ties with them after he suspended all non-cooperation movement after the killing of 22 policemen at Chauri Chaura in 1922 . Due to this Gandhiji became disturbed and very sad and called off the movement as he always believed in non-violence . However, it is also true that the immediate reason for the disposal of the committee was the much criticised embezzlement of 1.6 million rupees . The Ali brothers were severely criticised by Muslim politicians and the public . Although holding talks with the British and continuing their activities, the Khilafat struggle weakened as Muslims were divided between working for the Congress, the Khilafat cause and the Muslim League . After Hindu - Muslim riots of 1926--1927 many Muslim leaders like Mohammad Akram Khan lost interest in the movement . </P> <P> The final blow came with the victory of Mustafa Kemal's forces, who overthrew the Ottoman rule to establish a pro-Western, secular republic in independent Turkey . He abolished the role of Caliph and sought no help from Indians . </P>

What were the reasons for the failure of khilafat movement