<P> In 1970, President Luis Echeverría began his term by declaring land reform dead . In the face of peasant revolt, he was forced to backtrack, and embarked on the biggest land reform program since Cárdenas . Echeverría legalized take - overs of huge foreign - owned private farms, which were turned into new collective ejidos . </P> <P> In 1988, President Carlos Salinas de Gortari was elected . In December 1991, he amended Article 27 of the Constitution, making it legal to sell ejido land and allow peasants to put up their land as collateral for a loan . </P> <Ul> <Li> Bazant, Jan . The Alienation of Church Wealth in Mexico . Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press 1971 . </Li> <Li> Harvey, Neil . Rebellion in Chiapas: Rural Reforms, Campesino Radicalism and the Limits of Salinismo . La Jolla: University of California, San Diego 1994 . </Li> <Li> Historia de la cuestión agraria mexicana. 9 vols . Mexico City: Siglo XXI, 1988 . </Li> <Li> Holden, R.H. Mexico and the Survey of Public Lands: the Management of Modernization, 1876 - 1911 . DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press 1993 . </Li> <Li> Katz, Friedrich . "Mexico: Restored Republic and Porfiriato, 1867 - 1910," in The Cambridge History of Latin America: vol. 5, edited by Leslie Bethell . Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press 1986 . </Li> <Li> Katz, Friedrich, ed . Riot, Rebellion, and Revolution: Rural Conflict in Mexico . Princeton: Princeton University Press 1988 . </Li> <Li> Kroeber, Clifton B. Man, Land, and Water: Mexico's Farmlands Irrigation Policies, 1885 - 1911 . Berkeley: University of California Press 1983 . </Li> <Li> Lira, Andrés, Comunidades indígenas frente a la Ciudad de México . Zamora: El Colegio de Michoacán, 1983 . </Li> <Li> Markiewicz, Dana . The Mexican Revolution and the Limits of Agrarian Reform . Boulder: Lynne Rienner 1993 . </Li> <Li> Mejía Fernández, Miguel . Política agraria en México en el siglo XIX . Mexico City: Siglo XXI 1979 . </Li> <Li> Miller, Simon . Landlords and Haciendas in Modernizing Mexico . Amsterdam: CEDLA 1995 . </Li> <Li> Powell, T.G. El liberalismo y el campesinado en el centro de México, 1850 - 1876 . Mexico City: Secretaría de Educación Pública 1974 . </Li> <Li> Sandersonn, Susan Walsh . Land Reform in Mexico, 1910 - 1980 . Orlando FL: Academic Press 1984 . </Li> <Li> Silva Herzog, Jesús . El agrarismo mexicano y la reforma agraria: exposición y critica . Mexico: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1959 . 2nd . edition 1964 . </Li> <Li> Simpson, Eyler Newton . The Ejido: Mexico's Way Out . Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press 1937 . </Li> <Li> Stevens, D.F. "Agrarian Policy and Instability in Porfirian Mexico," The Americas 39: 2 (1982). </Li> <Li> Tutino, John . From Insurrection to Revolution in Mexico . Princeton: Princeton University Press 1986 . </Li> <Li> Wasserman, Mark . Capitalists, Caciques, and Revolution: the Native Elite and Foreign Enterprise in Chihuahua, Mexico 1854 - 1911 . Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press 1984 . </Li> </Ul> <Li> Bazant, Jan . The Alienation of Church Wealth in Mexico . Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press 1971 . </Li>

Who owned the land in mexico before the second revolution