<P> The "First World" G7 members all have a gender ratio in the range of 0.95--0.98 for the total population, of 1.05--1.07 at birth, of 1.05--1.06 for the group below 15, of 1.00--1.04 for the group aged 15--64, and of 0.70--0.75 for those over 65 . </P> <P> Countries on the Arabian peninsula tend to have a' natural' ratio of about 1.05 at birth but a very high ratio of males for those over 65 (Saudi Arabia 1.13, Arab Emirates 2.73, Qatar 2.84), indicating either an above - average mortality rate for females or a below - average mortality for males, or, more likely in this case, a large population of aging male guest workers . Conversely, countries of Northern and Eastern Europe (the Baltic states, Belarus, Ukraine, Russia) tend to have a' normal' ratio at birth but a very low ratio of males among those over 65 (Russia 0.46, Latvia 0.48, Ukraine 0.52); similarly, Armenia has a far above average male ratio at birth (1.17), and a below - average male ratio above 65 (0.67). This effect may be caused by emigration and higher male mortality as result of higher Soviet era deaths; it may also be related to the enormous (by western standards) rate of alcoholism in the former Soviet states . Another possible contributory factor is an aging population, with a higher than normal proportion of relatively elderly people: we recall that due to higher differential mortality rates the ratio of males to females reduces for each year of age . </P> <P> In the evolutionary biology of sexual reproduction, the operational sex ratio (OSR), is the ratio of sexually competing males that are ready to mate to sexually competing females that are ready to mate, or alternatively the local ratio of fertilizable females to sexually active males at any given time . Its difference from the physical sex ratio, is that it does not take into account sexually inactive or non-competitive individuals (individuals that do not compete for mates). On occasion, regions with a high male - low female sex ratio, like Alaska, have shown a correlation with a higher rate of reported rape . </P> <P> There are several social consequences of an imbalanced sex ratio . High ratios of males make it easier for women to marry, but harder for men . In parts of China and India, there is a 12--15% excess of young men . These men will remain single and will be unable to have families, in societies where marriage is regarded as virtually universal and social status and acceptance depend, in large part, on being married and creating a new family . Analyses of how sex ratio imbalances affect personal consumption and intra-household distribution were pioneered by Gary Becker, Shoshana Grossbard - Shechtman, and Marcia Guttentag and Paul Secord . High ratios of males have a positive effect on marital fertility and women's share of household consumption and negative effects on non-marital cohabitation and fertility and women's labor supply . It has been shown that variation in sex ratio over time is inversely related to married women's labor supply in the U.S. </P>

What is the ratio of males to females