<P> More reinforcements of about 320 soldiers (and a few women) of the Mormon Battalion arrived at San Diego on January 28, 1847--after hostilities had ceased . They had been recruited from the Mormon camps on the Missouri River--about 2,000 miles (3,200 km) away . These troops were recruited with the understanding they would be discharged in California with their weapons . Most were discharged before July 1847 . More reinforcements in the form of Colonel Jonathan D. Stevenson's 1st Regiment of New York Volunteers of about 648 men showed up in March--April 1847--again after hostilities had ceased . After desertions and deaths in transit, four ships brought Stevenson's 648 men to California . Initially they took over all of the Pacific Squadron's on - shore military and garrison duties and the Mormon Battalion and California Battalion's garrison duties . </P> <P> The New York Volunteer companies were deployed from San Francisco in Alta California to La Paz, Mexico in Baja California . The ship Isabella sailed from Philadelphia on 16 August 1847, with a detachment of one hundred soldiers, and arrived in California on 18 February 1848, the following year, at about the same time that the ship Sweden arrived with another detachment of soldiers . These soldiers were added to the existing companies of Stevenson's 1st Regiment of New York Volunteers . Stevenson's troops were recruited with the understanding that they would be discharged in California . When gold was discovered in late January 1848, many of Stevenson's troops deserted . </P> <P> The U.S. 1850 California Census asks state of birth of all residents and finds about 7300 residents that were born in California . The San Francisco, Contra Costa and Santa Clara county U.S. censuses were lost or burned in one of San Francisco's many fires . Adding the approximate 200 Hispanics in San Francisco (1846 directory) and an unknown (but small as shown in 1852 CA Census recount) number of Hispanics in Contra Costa and Santa Clara county in 1846 gives less than 8,000 Hispanics statewide in 1846 before hostilities commenced . The number of California Indians is unknown since they were not included in the 1850 census but has been roughly estimated to be between 50,000 and 150,000 . </P> <P> After 1847, California was controlled (with much difficulty due to desertions) by a U.S. Army - appointed military governor and an inadequate force of a little over 600 troops . By 1850, California had grown to have a non-Indian and non-Californio population of over 100,000 due to the California Gold Rush . Despite a major conflict in the U.S. Congress on the number of slave versus non-slave states, the large, rapid and continuing California population gains and the large amount of gold being exported east gave California enough clout to choose its own boundaries, select its representatives, write its Constitution, and be admitted to the Union as a free state in 1850 without going through territorial status as required for most other states . </P>

When did california's population exceed 100 000