<P> I propose to create (the CCC) to be used in complex work, not interfering with abnormal employment and confining itself to forestry, the prevention of soil erosion, flood control, and similar projects . I call your attention to the fact that this type of work is of definite, practical value, not only through the prevention of great present financial loss but also as a means of creating future national wealth . </P> <P> He promised this law would provide 250,000 young men with meals, housing, workwear, and medical care for working in the national forests and other government properties . The Emergency Conservation Work (ECW) Act was introduced to Congress the same day and enacted by voice vote on March 31 . Roosevelt issued Executive Order 6101 on April 5, 1933, which established the CCC organization and appointed a director, Robert Fechner, a former labor union official who served until 1939 . The organization and administration of the CAC was a new experiment in operations for a federal government agency . The order indicated that the program was to be supervised jointly by four government departments: Labor, which recruited the young men, War, which operated the camps, and Agriculture and Interior, which organized and supervised the work projects . A CAC Advisory Council was composed of a representative from each of the supervising departments . In addition, the Office of Education and Veterans Administration participated in the program . To end the opposition from labor unions (which wanted no training programs started when so many of their men were unemployed) Roosevelt chose Robert Fechner, vice president of the American Machinists Union, as director of the corps . William Green, head of the American Federation of Labor, was taken to the first camp to demonstrate that there would be no job training involved beyond simple manual labor . </P> <P> Reserve officers from the U.S. Army were in charge of the camps, but there was no military training . General Douglas MacArthur was placed in charge of the program but said that the number of Army officers and soldiers assigned to the camps was affecting the readiness of the Regular Army . But the Army also found numerous benefits in the program . When the draft began in 1940, the policy was to make CCC alumni corporals and sergeants . CCC also provided command experience to Organized Reserve Corps officers . Through the CCC, the Regular Army could assess the leadership performance of both Regular and Reserve Officers . The CCC provided lessons which the Army used in developing its wartime and mobilization plans for training camps . </P> <P> The legislation and mobilization of the program occurred quite rapidly . Roosevelt made his request to Congress on March 21, 1933; the legislation was submitted to Congress the same day; Congress passed it by voice vote on March 31; Roosevelt signed it the same day, then issued an executive order on April 5 creating the agency, appointing its director (Fechner), and assigning War Department corps area commanders to begin enrollment . The first CCC enrollee was selected April 8, and subsequent lists of unemployed men were supplied by state and local welfare and relief agencies for immediate enrollment . On April 17, the first camp, NF - 1, Camp Roosevelt, was established at George Washington National Forest near Luray, Virginia . On June 18, the first of 161 soil erosion control camps was opened, in Clayton, Alabama . By July 1, 1933 there were 1,463 working camps with 250,000 junior enrollees (18--25 years of age); 28,000 veterans; 14,000 American Indians; and 25,000 Locally Enrolled (or Experienced) Men (LEM). </P>

The civilian conservation corps did all of the following except