<P> In 1917 Hubert Harrison, "The Father of Harlem Radicalism," founded the Liberty League and The Voice, the first organization and the first newspaper, respectively, of the "New Negro Movement ." Harrison's organization and newspaper were political, but also emphasized the arts (his newspaper had "Poetry for the People" and book review sections). In 1927, in the Pittsburgh Courier, Harrison challenged the notion of the renaissance . He argued that the "Negro Literary Renaissance" notion overlooked "the stream of literary and artistic products which had flowed uninterruptedly from Negro writers from 1850 to the present," and said the so - called "renaissance" was largely a white invention . </P> <P> The Harlem Renaissance grew out of the changes that had taken place in the African - American community since the abolition of slavery, as the expansion of communities in the North . These accelerated as a consequence of World War I and the great social and cultural changes in early 20th - century United States . Industrialization was attracting people to cities from rural areas and gave rise to a new mass culture . Contributing factors leading to the Harlem Renaissance were the Great Migration of African Americans to northern cities, which concentrated ambitious people in places where they could encourage each other, and the First World War, which had created new industrial work opportunities for tens of thousands of people . Factors leading to the decline of this era include the Great Depression . </P> <P> Christianity played a major role in the Harlem Renaissance . Many of the writers and social critics discussed the role of Christianity in African - American lives . For example, a famous poem by Langston Hughes, "Madam and the Minister", reflects the temperature and mood towards religion in the Harlem Renaissance . The cover story for The Crisis magazine ′ s publication in May 1936 explains how important Christianity was regarding the proposed union of the three largest Methodist churches of 1936 . This article shows the controversial question about the formation of a Union for these churches . The article "The Catholic Church and the Negro Priest", also published in The Crisis, January 1920, demonstrates the obstacles African - American priests faced in the Catholic Church . The article confronts what it saw as policies based on race that excluded African Americans from higher positions in the church . </P> <P> Various forms of religious worship existed during this time of African - American intellectual reawakening . Although there were racist attitudes within the current Abrahamic religious arenas many African Americans continued to push towards the practice of a more inclusive doctrine . For example, George Joseph MacWilliam presents various experiences, during his pursuit towards priesthood, of rejection on the basis of his color and race yet he shares his frustration in attempts to incite action on the part of The Crisis magazine community . </P>

Which of the following was a noted poet of the harlem renaissance