<P> During the Civil War, Madison served as a center of the Union Army in Wisconsin . The intersection of Milwaukee, East Washington, Winnebago, and North Streets is known as Union Corners, because a tavern there was the last stop for Union soldiers before heading to fight the Confederates . Camp Randall, on the west side of Madison, was built and used as a training camp, a military hospital, and a prison camp for captured Confederate soldiers . After the war ended, the Camp Randall site was absorbed into the University of Wisconsin and Camp Randall Stadium was built there in 1917 . In 2004 the last vestige of active military training on the site was removed when the stadium renovation replaced a firing range used for ROTC training . </P> <P> The City of Madison continued annexations from the Town of Madison almost from the date of the city's incorporation, leaving the latter a collection of discontiguous areas subject to annexation . In the wake of continued controversy and an effort in the state legislature to simply abolish the town, an agreement was reached in 2003 to provide for the incorporation of the remaining portions of the Town into the City of Madison and the City of Fitchburg by October 30, 2022 . </P> <P> Madison is located in the center of Dane County in south - central Wisconsin, 77 miles (124 km) west of Milwaukee and 122 miles (196 km) northwest of Chicago . The city completely surrounds the smaller Town of Madison, the City of Monona, and the villages of Maple Bluff and Shorewood Hills . Madison shares borders with its largest suburb, Sun Prairie, and three other suburbs, Middleton, McFarland, and Fitchburg . The city's boundaries also approach the city of Verona and the villages of Cottage Grove, DeForest, and Waunakee . </P> <P> According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 94.03 square miles (243.54 km), of which 76.79 square miles (198.89 km) is land and 17.24 square miles (44.65 km) is water . </P>

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