<P> In recent years, several Latin American countries led by socialist or other left wing governments--including Argentina and Venezuela--have campaigned for (and to some degree adopted) policies contrary to the Washington Consensus set of policies . (Other Latin counties with governments of the left, including Brazil, Chile and Peru, have in practice adopted the bulk of the policies). Also critical of the policies as actually promoted by the International Monetary Fund have been some US economists, such as Joseph Stiglitz and Dani Rodrik, who have challenged what are sometimes described as the "fundamentalist" policies of the International Monetary Fund and the US Treasury for what Stiglitz calls a "one size fits all" treatment of individual economies . The term has become associated with neoliberal policies in general and drawn into the broader debate over the expanding role of the free market, constraints upon the state, and US influence on other countries' national sovereignty . </P> <P> Since the 2000s, or 1990s in some countries, left - wing political parties have risen to power . Hugo Chávez in Venezuela, Lula da Silva and Dilma Rousseff in Brazil, Fernando Lugo in Paraguay, Néstor and Cristina Kirchner in Argentina, Tabaré Vázquez and José Mujica in Uruguay, the Lagos and Bachelet governments in Chile, Evo Morales in Bolivia, Daniel Ortega in Nicaragua, Manuel Zelaya in Honduras (although deposed by the 28 June 2009 coup d'état), and Rafael Correa of Ecuador are all part of this wave of left - wing politicians who also often declare themselves socialists, Latin Americanists or anti-imperialists . </P> <P> The conservative wave (Portuguese: onda conservadora) is a political phenomenon that emerged in mid-2010 in South America . In Brazil, it began roughly around the time Dilma Rousseff, in a tight election, won the 2014 presidential election, kicking off the fourth term of the Workers' Party in the highest position of government . In addition, according to the political analyst of the Inter-Union Department of Parliamentary Advice, Antônio Augusto de Queiroz, the National Congress elected in 2014 may be considered the most conservative since the "re-democratization" movement, noting an increase in the number of parliamentarians linked to more conservative segments, as ruralists, military, police and religious . </P> <P> The subsequent economic crisis of 2015 and investigations of corruption scandals led to a right - wing movement that sought to rescue ideas from economic liberalism and conservatism in opposition to left - wing policies . </P>

One result of the european conquest of latin america was that in latin america