<Li> Use of files as abstractions of devices and other objects </Li> <Li> Built - in networking (TCP / IP is standard) </Li> <Li> Persistent system service processes called "daemons" and managed by init or inet </Li> <P> The UNIX - HATERS Handbook covers some of these design features as failures from the user point of view . However, although some information is quite dated and cannot be applied to modern Unixes such as Linux, Eric S. Raymond discovered that several issues are still prevailing, while others were resolved . Raymond concludes that not all concepts behind Unix can be deemed as non-functional even though the book's intention may have been to portray Unix as inferior without encouraging discussions with developers to actually fix the issues . </P>

Which is not a basic services of the unix kernel