<P> The Jewish Enlightenment of the late 18th century resulted in the division of Ashkenazi (Western) Jewry into religious movements or denominations, especially in North America and Anglophone countries . The main denominations today outside Israel (where the situation is rather different) are Orthodox, Conservative, and Reform . </P> <Ul> <Li> Orthodox Judaism holds that both the Written and Oral Torah were divinely revealed to Moses and that the laws within it are binding and unchanging . Orthodox Jews generally consider commentaries on the Shulchan Aruch (a condensed codification of halakha that largely favored Sephardic traditions) to be the definitive codification of Jewish law . Orthodoxy places a high importance on Maimonides' 13 principles as a definition of Jewish faith . </Li> </Ul> <Li> Orthodox Judaism holds that both the Written and Oral Torah were divinely revealed to Moses and that the laws within it are binding and unchanging . Orthodox Jews generally consider commentaries on the Shulchan Aruch (a condensed codification of halakha that largely favored Sephardic traditions) to be the definitive codification of Jewish law . Orthodoxy places a high importance on Maimonides' 13 principles as a definition of Jewish faith . </Li> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> Orthodoxy is often divided into Modern Orthodox Judaism and Haredi Judaism . Haredi Judaism is less accommodating to modernity and has less interest in non-Jewish disciplines, and it may be distinguished from Modern Orthodox Judaism in practice by its styles of dress and more stringent practices . Subsets of Haredi Judaism include Hasidic Judaism, which is rooted in the Kabbalah and distinguished by reliance on a Rebbe or religious teacher; and Sephardic Haredi Judaism, which emerged among Sephardic (Asian and North African) Jews in Israel . </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl>

Where did the theme of forgiveness originated in judaism