<Tr> <Td> Svara (Short) </Td> <Td> Sa (सा) </Td> <Td> Ri (री) </Td> <Td> Ga (ग) </Td> <Td> Ma (म) </Td> <Td> Pa (प) </Td> <Td> Dha (ध) </Td> <Td> Ni (नि) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 16 Varieties (names) </Td> <Td> C (sadja) </Td> <Td> D ♭ (suddha ri), D ♯ (satsruti ri), D ♮ (catussruti ri) </Td> <Td> E ♭ (sadharana ga), E (suddha ga), E ♮ (antara ga) </Td> <Td> F ♯ (prati ma), F ♮ (suddha ma) </Td> <Td> G (pancama) </Td> <Td> A ♭ (suddha dha), A ♯ (satsruti dha), A ♮ (catussruti dha) </Td> <Td> B ♭ (kaisiki ni), B (suddha ni), B ♮ (kakali ni) </Td> </Tr> <P> Through swara, Isvara (god) is realized . </P> <P>--A proverb among Indian musicians Translator: Guy Beck </P>

What is the meaning of sa re ga ma pa