<P> There were four known assassination attempts on Nehru . The first attempt on his life was during partition in 1947 while he was visiting North - West Frontier Province (now in Pakistan) in a car . The second one was by a knife - wielding rickshaw - puller in Maharashtra in 1955 . The third one happened in Bombay (now Maharashtra) in 1956 . The fourth one was a failed bombing attempt on train tracks in Maharashtra in 1961 . Despite threats to his life, Nehru despised having too much security around him and did not like to disrupt traffic due to his movement . </P> <P> Nehru implemented policies based on import substitution industrialization and advocated a mixed economy where the government controlled public sector would co-exist with the private sector . He believed that the establishment of basic and heavy industry was fundamental to the development and modernisation of the Indian economy . The government, therefore, directed investment primarily into key public sector industries--steel, iron, coal, and power--promoting their development with subsidies and protectionist policies . </P> <P> The policy of non-alignment during the Cold War meant that Nehru received financial and technical support from both power blocs in building India's industrial base from scratch . Steel mill complexes were built at Bokaro and Rourkela with assistance from the Soviet Union and West Germany . There was substantial industrial development . Industry grew 7.0 percent annually between 1950 and 1965--almost trebling industrial output and making India the world's seventh largest industrial country . Nehru's critics, however, contended that India's import substitution industrialisation, which was continued long after the Nehru era, weakened the international competitiveness of its manufacturing industries . India's share of world trade fell from 1.4 per cent in 1951--1960 to 0.5 per cent over 1981--1990 . On the other hand, India's export performance is argued to have actually showed sustained improvement over the period . The volume of exports went up at an annual rate of 2.9 per cent in 1951--1960 to 7.6 per cent in 1971--1980 . </P> <P> GDP and GNP grew 3.9 and 4.0 per cent annually between 1950--51 and 1964--65 . It was a radical break from the British colonial period . But, in comparison to other industrial powers in Europe and East Asia, the growth rates were considered anemic at best . India lagged behind the miracle economies (Japan, West Germany, France, and Italy). State planning, controls, and regulations were argued to have impaired economic growth . While India's economy grew faster than both the United Kingdom and the United States--low initial income and rapid population increase--meant that growth was inadequate for any sort of catch - up with rich income nations . </P>

Contribution of jawaharlal nehru in making of indian constitution