<P> As some countries in the South experience rapid development, there is evidence that those states are developing high levels of South--South aid . Brazil, in particular, has been noted for its high levels of aid ($1 billion annually--ahead of many traditional donors) and the ability to use its own experiences to provide high levels of expertise and knowledge transfer . This has been described as a "global model in waiting". </P> <P> The United Nations has also established its role in diminishing the divide between North and South through the Millennium Development Goals, all of which were to be achieved by 2015 . These goals seek to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger; achieve universal primary education; promote gender equality and empower women; reduce child mortality; improve maternal health; combat HIV / AIDS, malaria, and other diseases; ensure environmental sustainability; and develop a global partnership for development . </P>

When did the concept of a global economy begin to develop