<P> The Metropolitan Burial Act of 1852 legislated for the establishment of the first national system of government funded municipal cemeteries across the country, opening the way for a massive expansion of burial facilities throughout the late 19th century . </P> <P> There are a number of different styles of cemetery in use . Many cemeteries have areas based on different styles, reflecting the diversity of cultural practices around death and how it changes over time . </P> <P> The urban cemetery is a burial ground located in the interior of a village, town, or city . Early urban cemeteries were churchyards, which filled quickly and exhibited a haphazard placement of burial markers as sextons tried to squeeze new burials into the remaining space . As new burying grounds were established in urban areas to compensate, burial plots were often laid out in a grid to replace the chaotic appearance of the churchyard . Urban cemeteries developed over time into a more landscaped form as part of civic development of beliefs and institutions that sought to portray the city as civilized and harmonious . </P> <P> Urban cemeteries were more sanitary (a place to safely dispose of decomposing corpses) than they were aesthetically pleasing . Corpses were usually buried wrapped in cloth, since coffins, burial vaults, and above - ground crypts inhibited the process of decomposition . Nonetheless, urban cemeteries which were heavily used were often very unhealthy . Receiving vaults and crypts often needed to be aired before entering, as decomposing corpses used up so much oxygen that even candles could not remain lit . The sheer stench from decomposing corpses, even when buried deeply, was overpowering in areas adjacent to the urban cemetery . Decomposition of the human body releases significant pathogenic bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses which can cause disease and illness, and many urban cemeteries were located without consideration for local groundwater . Modern burials in urban cemeteries also release toxic chemicals associated with embalming, such as arsenic, formaldehyde, and mercury . Coffins and burial equipment can also release significant amounts of toxic chemicals such as arsenic (used to preserve coffin wood) and formaldehyde (used in varnishes and as a sealant) and toxic metals such as copper, lead, and zinc (from coffin handles and flanges). </P>

What is the caretaker of a cemetery called
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