<P> An enlightened despot is a non-democratic or authoritarian leader who exercises their political power for the benefit of the people, rather than exclusively for themselves or elites . </P> <P> "Enlightened" despots distinguished themselves from ordinary despots by claiming to rule for their subjects' well - being . An enlightened despot may focus government priorities on healthcare, education, nonviolent population control, or physical infrastructure . The leader may profess a commitment to peaceful relations and / or allow some democratic decision - making, such as public referenda, but would not propose reforms that undermined their sovereignty or disrupted the social order . John Stuart Mill stated, "Despotism is a legitimate mode of government in dealing with barbarians, provided the end be their improvement ." </P> <P> Enlightened despots' beliefs about royal power were typically similar to those of regular despots . Enlightened despots believed that they were destined to rule . Enlightened rulers may have played a part in the abolition of serfdom in Europe . </P> <P> A classic enlightened despot, Emperor Joseph II of Austria said, "Everything for the people, nothing by the people". </P>

This leader in 18th century portugal best exemplified the notion of enlightened despotism