<Li> Cauda equina syndrome Lower extremity pain, weakness, numbness that may involve perineum and buttocks, associated with bladder and bowel dysfunction . </Li> <Li> Lower back pain due to degenerative disc or joint changes </Li> <P> Any of the factors below may cause the spaces in the spine to narrow . </P> <Ul> <Li> Spinal ligaments can thicken (ligamenta flava) </Li> <Li> Bone spurs develop on the bone and into the spinal canal or foraminal openings </Li> <Li> Intervertebral discs may bulge or herniate into the canal or foraminal openings </Li> <Li> Degenerative disc disease causes narrowing of the spaces </Li> <Li> Facet joints break down </Li> <Li> Compression fractures of the spine, which are common in osteoporosis </Li> <Li> Cysts form on the facet joints causing compression of the spinal sac of nerves (thecal sac) </Li> </Ul>

What are the two types of spinal stenosis