<P> Mills of this period were from 25 to 68 m long and 11.5 m to 14 m wide . They could be eight storeys high and had basements and attics . Floor height varied from 3.3 to 2.75 m on the upper storeys . </P> <P> Boilers were of the wagon type; chimneys were square or rectangular, attached to the mill, and in some cases part of the stair column . The steam engines were typically low - pressure single - cylinder condensing beam engines . The average power in 1835 was 48 hp . Power was transmitted by a main vertical shaft with bevel gears to the horizontal shafts . The later mills had gas lighting using gas produced on site . The mules with 250--350 spindles were placed transversely to get as much light as possible . </P> <P> The development of mills to mechanise the weaving process was more gradual partly because of the success of John Kay's 1733 invention of the flying shuttle, which increased the productivity of domestic hand loom weavers . Kay took out a patent for the application of water power to a Dutch loom in 1745 and opened a weaving factory in Keighley in 1750, but nothing is known of its success . A further attempt to mechanise the weaving process took place at Garrett Hall in Manchester in 1750 but was unsuccessful in enabling one worker to operate more than a single loom . The first feasible power loom was patented by Edmund Cartwright in 1785, although it was initially a primitive device it established the basic principle that would be used in powered weaving until the 20th century . In 1788 Cartwright opened Revolution Mill in Doncaster which was powered by a Boulton and Watt steam engine and had 108 power looms on three floors as well as spinning machinery, but it was not a commercial success and closed in 1790 . A second mill using Cartwright's machinery, opened in Manchester in 1790 but was burned to the ground by hand loom weavers within two years . By 1803 there were only 2,400 power looms operating in Britain . </P> <P> In the United States, the early horse - powered Beverly Cotton Manufactory was designed by Thomas Somers, who started construction and testing of the facility in 1787, finishing the factory's equipment in 1788 . Experience from this factory led Moses Brown of Providence to request the assistance of a person skilled in water - powered spinning . Samuel Slater, an immigrant and trained textile worker from England, accepted Brown's proposal, and assisted with the design and construction of Slater Mill, built in 1790 on the Blackstone River in Pawtucket, Rhode Island . Slater evaded restrictions on emigration put in place to allow England to maintain its monopoly on cotton mills . Slater Mill resembled the Beverly Cotton Manufactory and a mill in Derbyshire in which he had worked . </P>

Who established the first textile mill where spinning and weaving occurred in one place