<P> This is a list of the costliest land battles of the American Civil War, measured by casualties (killed, wounded, captured, and missing) on both sides . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Battle </Th> <Th> Campaign </Th> <Th> Date </Th> <Th> Nearest town </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> Union </Th> <Th> Confederacy </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> Total </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan="2"> Strength </Th> <Th_colspan="2"> Commander </Th> <Th_colspan="3"> Casualties </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Gettysburg </Td> <Td> Gettysburg Campaign </Td> <Td> July 1--3, 1863 </Td> <Td> Gettysburg, Pennsylvania </Td> <Td> 93,921 </Td> <Td> 71,699 </Td> <Td> George G. Meade </Td> <Td> Robert E. Lee </Td> <Td> 23,055 </Td> <Td> 23,231 </Td> <Td> 46,286 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chickamauga </Td> <Td> Chickamauga Campaign </Td> <Td> September 19--20, 1863 </Td> <Td> Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia </Td> <Td> 60,000 </Td> <Td> 65,000 </Td> <Td> William Rosecrans </Td> <Td> Braxton Bragg </Td> <Td> 16,170 </Td> <Td> 18,454 </Td> <Td> 34,624 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Spotsylvania Court House </Td> <Td> Overland Campaign </Td> <Td> May 8--21, 1864 </Td> <Td> Spotsylvania Courthouse, Virginia </Td> <Td> 100,000 </Td> <Td> 52,000 </Td> <Td> Ulysses S. Grant </Td> <Td> Robert E. Lee </Td> <Td> 18,399 </Td> <Td> 12,687 </Td> <Td> 31,086 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chancellorsville </Td> <Td> Chancellorsville Campaign </Td> <Td> May 1--4, 1863 </Td> <Td> Chancellorsville, Virginia </Td> <Td> 133,868 </Td> <Td> 60,892 </Td> <Td> Joseph Hooker </Td> <Td> Robert E. Lee </Td> <Td> 17,197 </Td> <Td> 13,303 </Td> <Td> 30,500 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> The Wilderness </Td> <Td> Overland Campaign </Td> <Td> May 5--7, 1864 </Td> <Td> Locust Grove, Virginia </Td> <Td> 101,895 </Td> <Td> 61,025 </Td> <Td> Ulysses S. Grant </Td> <Td> Robert E. Lee </Td> <Td> 17,666 </Td> <Td> 11,033 </Td> <Td> 28,699 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Stones River (Murfreesboro) </Td> <Td> Stones River Campaign </Td> <Td> December 31, 1862--January 2, 1863 </Td> <Td> Murfreesboro, Tennessee </Td> <Td> 41,400 </Td> <Td> 35,000 </Td> <Td> William Rosecrans </Td> <Td> Braxton Bragg </Td> <Td> 12,906 </Td> <Td> 11,739 </Td> <Td> 24,645 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Shiloh (Pittsburg Landing) </Td> <Td> Federal Penetration up the Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers </Td> <Td> April 6--7, 1862 </Td> <Td> Shiloh, Tennessee </Td> <Td> 66,812 </Td> <Td> 44,699 </Td> <Td> Ulysses S. Grant </Td> <Td> Albert Sidney Johnston </Td> <Td> 13,047 </Td> <Td> 10,699 </Td> <Td> 23,746 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Antietam (Sharpsburg) </Td> <Td> Maryland Campaign </Td> <Td> September 17, 1862 </Td> <Td> Sharpsburg, Maryland </Td> <Td> 75,500 </Td> <Td> 38,000 </Td> <Td> George B. McClellan </Td> <Td> Robert E. Lee </Td> <Td> 12,401 </Td> <Td> 10,316 </Td> <Td> 22,717 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2nd Bull Run (2nd Manassas) </Td> <Td> Northern Virginia Campaign </Td> <Td> August 29--30, 1862 </Td> <Td> Manassas, Virginia </Td> <Td> 62,000 </Td> <Td> 50,000 </Td> <Td> John Pope </Td> <Td> Robert E. Lee </Td> <Td> 10,000 </Td> <Td> 8,300 </Td> <Td> 18,300 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Fredericksburg </Td> <Td> Fredericksburg Campaign </Td> <Td> December 11--15, 1862 </Td> <Td> Fredericksburg, Virginia </Td> <Td> 114,000 </Td> <Td> 72,500 </Td> <Td> Ambrose Burnside </Td> <Td> Robert E. Lee </Td> <Td> 12,653 </Td> <Td> 5,377 </Td> <Td> 18,030 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cold Harbor </Td> <Td> Overland Campaign </Td> <Td> May 31--June 12, 1864 </Td> <Td> Mechanicsville, Virginia </Td> <Td> 108,000 </Td> <Td> 59,000 </Td> <Td> Ulysses S. Grant </Td> <Td> Robert E. Lee </Td> <Td> 12,737 </Td> <Td> 4,595 </Td> <Td> 17,332 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2nd Petersburg </Td> <Td> Richmond--Petersburg Campaign </Td> <Td> June 15--18, 1864 </Td> <Td> Petersburg, Virginia </Td> <Td> 62,000 </Td> <Td> 38,000 </Td> <Td> Ulysses S. Grant </Td> <Td> Robert E. Lee </Td> <Td> 11,386 </Td> <Td> 4,000 </Td> <Td> 15,386 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Gaines's Mill </Td> <Td> Peninsula Campaign </Td> <Td> June 27, 1862 </Td> <Td> Mechanicsville, Virginia </Td> <Td> 34,214 </Td> <Td> 57,018 </Td> <Td> George B. McClellan </Td> <Td> Robert E. Lee </Td> <Td> 6,837 </Td> <Td> 7,993 </Td> <Td> 14,830 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Missionary Ridge </Td> <Td> Chattanooga Campaign </Td> <Td> November 25, 1863 </Td> <Td> Chattanooga, Tennessee </Td> <Td> 56,359 </Td> <Td> 44,010 </Td> <Td> Ulysses S. Grant </Td> <Td> Braxton Bragg </Td> <Td> 5,824 </Td> <Td> 6,667 </Td> <Td> 12,491 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Atlanta </Td> <Td> Atlanta Campaign </Td> <Td> July 22, 1864 </Td> <Td> Atlanta, Georgia </Td> <Td> 34,863 </Td> <Td> 40,438 </Td> <Td> William T. Sherman </Td> <Td> John Bell Hood </Td> <Td> 3,641 </Td> <Td> 8,499 </Td> <Td> 12,140 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Seven Pines (Fair Oaks) </Td> <Td> Peninsula Campaign </Td> <Td> May 31--June 1, 1862 </Td> <Td> Mechanicsville, Virginia </Td> <Td> 34,000 </Td> <Td> 39,000 </Td> <Td> George B. McClellan </Td> <Td> Joseph E. Johnston </Td> <Td> 5,031 </Td> <Td> 6,134 </Td> <Td> 11,165 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Nashville </Td> <Td> Franklin--Nashville Campaign </Td> <Td> December 15--16, 1864 </Td> <Td> Nashville, Tennessee </Td> <Td> 55,000 </Td> <Td> 30,000 </Td> <Td> George H. Thomas </Td> <Td> John Bell Hood </Td> <Td> 3,061 </Td> <Td> 6,000 </Td> <Td> 9,061 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cedar Creek </Td> <Td> Sheridan's Valley Campaign </Td> <Td> October 19, 1864 </Td> <Td> Middletown, Virginia </Td> <Td> 31,610 </Td> <Td> 21,102 </Td> <Td> Philip Sheridan </Td> <Td> Jubal Early </Td> <Td> 5,764 </Td> <Td> 2,910 </Td> <Td> 8,674 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Opequon </Td> <Td> Sheridan's Valley Campaign </Td> <Td> September 19, 1864 </Td> <Td> Winchester, Virginia </Td> <Td> 40,000 </Td> <Td> 12,000 </Td> <Td> Philip Sheridan </Td> <Td> Jubal Early </Td> <Td> 5,020 </Td> <Td> 3,610 </Td> <Td> 8,630 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Franklin </Td> <Td> Franklin - Nashville Campaign </Td> <Td> November 30, 1864 </Td> <Td> Franklin, Tennessee </Td> <Td> 27,000 </Td> <Td> 27,000 </Td> <Td> John M. Schofield </Td> <Td> John Bell Hood </Td> <Td> 2,326 </Td> <Td> 6,252 </Td> <Td> 8,578 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Malvern Hill </Td> <Td> Peninsula Campaign </Td> <Td> July 1, 1862 </Td> <Td> Varina, Virginia </Td> <Td> 54,000 </Td> <Td> 55,000 </Td> <Td> George B. McClellan </Td> <Td> Robert E. Lee </Td> <Td> 2,100 </Td> <Td> 5,650 </Td> <Td> 7,750 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 3rd Petersburg </Td> <Td> Richmond - Petersburg Campaign </Td> <Td> April 2, 1865 </Td> <Td> Petersburg, Virginia </Td> <Td> 76,113 </Td> <Td> 58,400 </Td> <Td> Ulysses S. Grant </Td> <Td> Robert E. Lee </Td> <Td> 3,500 </Td> <Td> 4,250 </Td> <Td> 7,750 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Perryville </Td> <Td> Kentucky Campaign </Td> <Td> October 8, 1862 </Td> <Td> Perryville, Kentucky </Td> <Td> 22,000 </Td> <Td> 16,000 </Td> <Td> Don Carlos Buell </Td> <Td> Braxton Bragg </Td> <Td> 4,276 </Td> <Td> 3,401 </Td> <Td> 7,677 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Glendale </Td> <Td> Peninsula Campaign </Td> <Td> June 30, 1862 </Td> <Td> Varina, Virginia </Td> <Td> 40,000 </Td> <Td> 45,000 </Td> <Td> George B. McClellan </Td> <Td> Robert E. Lee </Td> <Td> 3,797 </Td> <Td> 3,673 </Td> <Td> 7,470 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2nd Corinth </Td> <Td> Iuka and Corinth Operations </Td> <Td> October 3--4, 1862 </Td> <Td> Corinth, Mississippi </Td> <Td> 23,000 </Td> <Td> 22,000 </Td> <Td> William S. Rosecrans </Td> <Td> Earl Van Dorn </Td> <Td> 2,520 </Td> <Td> 4,233 </Td> <Td> 6,753 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Peachtree Creek </Td> <Td> Atlanta Campaign </Td> <Td> July 20, 1864 </Td> <Td> Atlanta, Georgia </Td> <Td> 21,655 </Td> <Td> 20,250 </Td> <Td> George H. Thomas </Td> <Td> John Bell Hood </Td> <Td> 1,710 </Td> <Td> 4,796 </Td> <Td> 6,506 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Champion Hill </Td> <Td> Vicksburg Campaign </Td> <Td> May 16, 1863 </Td> <Td> Edwards, Mississippi </Td> <Td> 32,000 </Td> <Td> 22,000 </Td> <Td> Ulysses S. Grant </Td> <Td> John C. Pemberton </Td> <Td> 2,457 </Td> <Td> 3,840 </Td> <Td> 6,297 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Richmond, Kentucky </Td> <Td> Kentucky Campaign </Td> <Td> August 29--30, 1862 </Td> <Td> Richmond, Kentucky </Td> <Td> 6,850 </Td> <Td> 6,500 </Td> <Td> William "Bull" Nelson </Td> <Td> Edmund K. Smith </Td> <Td> 5,353 </Td> <Td> 451 </Td> <Td> 5,804 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> The Crater </Td> <Td> Richmond - Petersburg Campaign </Td> <Td> July 30, 1864 </Td> <Td> Petersburg, Virginia </Td> <Td> 8,500 </Td> <Td> 6,100 </Td> <Td> Ulysses S. Grant </Td> <Td> Robert E. Lee </Td> <Td> 3,798 </Td> <Td> 1,491 </Td> <Td> 5,289 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Fort Stedman </Td> <Td> Richmond - Petersburg Campaign </Td> <Td> March 25, 1865 </Td> <Td> Petersburg, Virginia </Td> <Td> 14,898 </Td> <Td> 10,000 </Td> <Td> John G. Parke </Td> <Td> John B. Gordon </Td> <Td> 1,044 </Td> <Td> 4,000 </Td> <Td> 5,044 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> South Mountain </Td> <Td> Maryland Campaign </Td> <Td> September 14, 1862 </Td> <Td> Boonsboro, Maryland </Td> <Td> 28,000 </Td> <Td> 18,000 </Td> <Td> George B. McClellan </Td> <Td> Robert E. Lee </Td> <Td> 2,325 </Td> <Td> 2,685 </Td> <Td> 5,010 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1st Bull Run (1st Manassas) </Td> <Td> Manassas Campaign </Td> <Td> July 21, 1861 </Td> <Td> Manassas, Virginia </Td> <Td> 35,000 </Td> <Td> 34,000 </Td> <Td> Irvin McDowell </Td> <Td> P.G.T. Beauregard </Td> <Td> 2,896 </Td> <Td> 1,982 </Td> <Td> 4,878 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Th> Battle </Th> <Th> Campaign </Th> <Th> Date </Th> <Th> Nearest town </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> Union </Th> <Th> Confederacy </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> Total </Th> </Tr>

What was the bloodiest war of the civil war