<P> By the mid-1890s, Gillett had become interested in state politics . Running as a Republican, Gillett was elected to the California State Senate in the 1896 general elections . After serving a single term in the State Senate, Gillett successfully ran for the U.S. House of Representatives in the 1902 House elections . He successfully defended his seat again in the 1904 elections . </P> <P> Gillett's success in Washington was noticed by state Republicans and lobbyists for the Southern Pacific Railroad, who saw Gillett's politics as supporting their own corporate interests . Attending the state Republican convention in Santa Cruz in 1906, party machine boss Abe Ruef sought to replace incumbent Governor George Pardee with Gillett for the Republican gubernatorial nomination . Pardee, a physician and staunch Progressive and conservationist politician, openly opposed the Southern Pacific's monopoly over cargo and transportation, believing its business influence harmful to the state's economy and politics . In backroom deals, Southern Pacific lobbyists, including Ruef and Southern Pacific political bureau chief William Herrin, persuaded the attending Republican delegates to refuse Pardee renomination, instead handing the nomination to the railroad - friendly Gillett . In response to their support, Gillett promised the Southern Pacific waterfront patrongage . </P> <P> The denying of Pardee's renomination caused immediate controversy and outrage . Pardee, due to his efficient bureaucracy and direction of the state government's response to the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, remained an enormously popular politician . His replacement by Gillett, a Railroad Republican, caused anger both in the press and within political circles . The San Francisco Call printed a photograph taken at the convention's end of Gillett among top party bosses entitled "the Shame of California ." Gillett's nomination by special interests would fuel calls for a direct primary law in the state . </P> <P> Despite his highly controversial nomination, Gillett would win the governorship in the 1906 general elections, defeating Democrat Theodore A. Bell, Socialist Austin Lewis, Prohibitionist James H. Blanchard, and William Langdon of the Independence League . Langdon's strong third place showing of 14.4% sapped votes away from both the popular contenders Gillett and Bell, yet enough to tip the balance in Gillett's favor . </P>

The shame of california was a photograph of