<P> The understanding of specific landscape features in terms of the underlying tectonic processes is called tectonic geomorphology, and the study of geologically young or ongoing processes is called neotectonics . </P> <P> From the late 18th century until its replacement by plate tectonics in the 1960s geosyncline theory was used to explain much mountain - building . </P> <P> There are four main types of mountains: volcanic, fold, residual, and block . A more detailed classification useful on a local scale predates plate tectonics and adds to these categories . </P> <P> Movements of tectonic plates create volcanoes along the plate boundaries, which erupt and form mountains . A volcanic arc system is a series of volcanoes that form near a subduction zone where the crust of a sinking oceanic plate melts and drags water down with the subducting crust . </P>

Where do mountain ranges that do not include volcanoes occur and why