<P> So, the social and economic consequences of a lack of clean water penetrate into realms of education, opportunities for gainful employment, physical strength and health, agricultural and industrial development, and thus the overall productive potential of a community, nation, and / or region . Because of this, the UN estimates that Sub-Saharan Africa alone loses 40 billion potential work hours per year collecting water . </P> <P> The explosion of populations in developing nations within Africa combined with climate change is causing extreme strain within and between nations . In the past, countries have worked to resolve water tensions through negotiation, but there is predicted to be an escalation in aggression over water accessibility . </P> <P> Africa's susceptibility to potential water - induced conflict can be separated into four regions: the Nile, Niger, Zambezi, and Volta basins . Running through Egypt, Ethiopia, and Sudan, the Nile's water has the potential to spark conflict and unrest . In the region of the Niger, the river basin extends from Guinea through Mali and down to Nigeria . Especially for Mali--one of the world's poorest countries--the river is vital for food, water and transportation, and its over usage is contributing to an increasingly polluted and unusable water source . In southern Africa, the Zambezi river basin is one of the world's most over-used river systems, and so Zambia and Zimbabwe compete fiercely over it . Additionally, in 2000, Zimbabwe caused the region to experience the worst flooding in recent history when the country opened the Kariba Dam gates . Finally, within the Volta river basin, Ghana is dependent on its hydroelectric output, but plagued by regular droughts which effect the production of electricity from the Akosombo Dam and limit Ghana's ability to sustain economic growth . Paired with the constraints this also puts on Ghana's ability to provide power for the area, this could potentially contribute to regional instability . </P> <P> At this point, federal intelligence agencies have issued the joint judgment that in the next ten years, water issues are not likely to cause internal and external tensions that lead to the intensification war . But if current rates of consumption paired with climatic stress continue, levels of water scarcity in Africa are predicted by UNECA to reach dangerously high levels by 2025 . This means that by 2022 there is the potential for a shift in water scarcity's potential to contribute to armed conflict . Based on the classified National Intelligence Estimate on water security, requested by Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and completed in Fall 2011, after 2022 water will be more likely to be used as a weapon of war and potential tool for terrorism, especially in North Africa . On World Water Day, the State Department stated that water stress, "will likely increase the risk of instability and state failure, exacerbate regional tensions and distract countries from working with the United States on important policy objectives ." Specifically referring to the Nile in Egypt, Sudan, and nations further south, the report predicts that upstream nations will limit access to water for political reasons, and that terrorists may target water related infrastructures, such as reservoirs and dams, more frequently . Because of this, the World Economic Forum's 2011 Global Risk Report has included water as one of the world's top five risks for the first time . Help the ones in need . think about the ones who are in need . </P>

Places in africa that dont have clean water
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