<P> 2) Most of western Rajasthan experiences an arid climatic regime (Hot desert climate). Cloudbursts are responsible for virtually all of the region's annual precipitation, which totals less than 300 millimetres (11.8 in). Such bursts happen when monsoon winds sweep into the region during July, August, and September . Such rainfall is highly erratic; regions experiencing rainfall one year may not see precipitation for the next couple of years or so . Atmospheric moisture is largely prevented from precipitating due to continuous downdrafts and other factors . The summer months of May and June are exceptionally hot; mean monthly temperatures in the region hover around 35 ° C (95 ° F), with daily maxima occasionally topping 50 ° C (122 ° F). During winters, temperatures in some areas can drop below freezing due to waves of cold air from Central Asia . There is a large diurnal range of about 14 ° C (25.2 ° F) during summer; this widens by several degrees during winter . </P> <P> To the west, in Gujarat, diverse climate conditions obtain . The winters are mild, pleasant, and dry with average daytime temperatures around 29 ° C (84 ° F) and nights around 12 ° C (54 ° F) with virtually full sun and clear nights . Summers are hot and dry with daytime temperatures around 41 ° C (106 ° F) and nights no lower than 29 ° C (84 ° F). In the weeks before the monsoon temperatures are similar to the above, but high humidity makes the air more uncomfortable . Relief comes with the monsoon . Temperatures are around 35 ° C (95 ° F) but humidity is very high; nights are around 27 ° C (81 ° F). Most of the rainfall occurs in this season, and the rain can cause severe floods . The sun is often occluded during the monsoon season . </P> <P> 3) East of the Thar Desert, the Punjab - Haryana - Kathiawar region experiences a tropical and sub-tropical steppe climate . Haryana's climate resembles other states of the northern plains: extreme summer heat of up to 50 ° C and winter cold as low as 1 ° C. May and June are hottest; December and January are coldest . Rainfall is varied, with the Shivalik Hills region being the wettest and the Aravali Hills region being the driest . About 80% of the rainfall occurs in the monsoon season of July--September, which can cause flooding . The Punjabi climate is also governed by extremes of hot and cold . Areas near the Himalayan foothills receive heavy rainfall whereas those eloigned from them are hot and dry . Punjab's three - season climate sees summer months that span from mid-April to the end of June . Temperatures typically range from--2 ° C to 40 ° C, but can reach 47 ° C (117 ° F) in summer and − 4 ° C in winter . In this zone, a transitional climatic region separating tropical desert from humid sub-tropical savanna and forests, experiences temperatures that are less extreme than those of the desert . Average annual rainfall is 300--650 millimetres (11.8--25.6 in), but is very unreliable; as in much of the rest of India, the southwest monsoon accounts for most precipitation . Daily summer temperature maxima rise to around 40 ° C (104 ° F); this results in natural vegetation typically comprising short, coarse grasses . </P> <P> Most of Northeast India and much of North India are subject to a humid subtropical climate . Though they experience hot summers, temperatures during the coldest months may fall as low as 0 ° C (32 ° F). Due to ample monsoon rains, India has only one subtype of this climate under the Köppen system: Cwa . In most of this region, there is very little precipitation during the winter, owing to powerful anticyclonic and katabatic (downward - flowing) winds from Central Asia . </P>

Climate of the great northern plains of india
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