<P> A Pitot (/ ˈpiːtoʊ / PEE - toh) tube, also known as Pitot probe, is a flow measurement device used to measure fluid flow velocity . The pitot tube was invented by the French engineer Henri Pitot in the early 18th century and was modified to its modern form in the mid-19th century by French scientist Henry Darcy . It is widely used to determine the airspeed of an aircraft, water speed of a boat, and to measure liquid, air and gas flow velocities in certain industrial applications . The pitot tube is used to measure the local flow velocity at a given point in the flow stream and not the average flow velocity in the pipe or conduit . Errors induced due to the location of the measuring tube on the aircraft, and the effect of localised airflow upon it, are known as "position errors" and need to be factored into resultant calculations . </P> <P> The basic pitot tube consists of a tube pointing directly into the fluid flow . As this tube contains fluid, a pressure can be measured; the moving fluid is brought to rest (stagnates) as there is no outlet to allow flow to continue . This pressure is the stagnation pressure of the fluid, also known as the total pressure or (particularly in aviation) the pitot pressure . </P>

What is used to measure the speed of a stream