<P> Due to the increasing urbanization along the coastlines, planning and management are essential to protecting the ecosystems and environment from depleting . Coastal management is becoming implemented more because of the movement of people to the shore and the hazards that come with the territory . Some of the hazards include movement of barrier islands, sea level rise, hurricanes, nor'easters, earthquakes, flooding, erosion, pollution and human development along the coast . The Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) was created in 1972 because of the continued growth along the coast, this act introduced better management practices such as integrated coastal zone management, adaptive management and the use mitigation strategies when planning . According to the Coastal Zone Management Act, the objectives are to remain balanced to "preserve, protect, develop, and where possible, to restore or enhance the resources of the nation's coastal zone". The development of the land can strongly affect the sea, for example the engineering of structures versus non-structures and the effects of erosion along the shore . </P> <P> Integrated coastal zone management </P> <P> Integrated coastal zone management means the integration of all aspects of the coastal zone; this includes environmentally, socially, culturally politically and economically to meet a sustainable balance all around . Sustainability is the goal to allow development yet protect the environment in which we develop . Coastal zones are fragile and do not do well with change so it is important to acquire sustainable development . The integration from all views will entitle a holistic view for the best implementation and management of that country, region and local scales . The five types of integration include integration among sectors, integration between land and water elements of the coastal zone, integration amount levels of government, integration between nations and integration among disciplines are all essential to meet the needs for implementation . Management practices include </P> <Ol> <Li> maintaining the functional integrity of the coastal resource systems, without disrupting the environment </Li> <Li> reducing resource - use conflicts, by making sure resources are used adequately and sustainably, </Li> <Li> maintaining the health of the environment, which means to protect the ecosystems and natural cycle, </Li> <Li> facilitating the progress of multisectoral development, which means allowing developers to develop within standards . </Li> </Ol>

What are the hazards that usually occur along marine and coastal areas