<P> A helmsman or helm is a person who steers a ship, sailboat, submarine, other type of maritime vessel, or spacecraft . On small vessels, particularly privately owned noncommercial vessels, the functions of skipper and helmsman may be combined in one person . On larger vessels, there is a separate officer of the watch, who is responsible for the safe navigation of the ship and gives orders to the helmsman . In the merchant marine, the person at the helm is usually an able seaman, particularly during ship arrivals, departures, and while maneuvering in restricted waters or other conditions requiring precise steering . An ordinary seaman is commonly restricted to steering in open waters . Moreover, military ships may have a seaman or quartermaster at the helm . </P> <P> A professional helmsman maintains a steady course, properly executes all rudder orders, and communicates to the officer on the bridge using navigational terms relating to ship's heading and steering . A helmsman relies upon visual references, a magnetic and gyrocompass, and a rudder angle indicator to steer a steady course . The mate or other officer on the bridge directs the helmsman aboard merchant or navy ships . </P>

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