<Li> The task of DNA sequencing can also be assisted by PCR . Known segments of DNA can easily be produced from a patient with a genetic disease mutation . Modifications to the amplification technique can extract segments from a completely unknown genome, or can generate just a single strand of an area of interest . </Li> <Li> PCR has numerous applications to the more traditional process of DNA cloning . It can extract segments for insertion into a vector from a larger genome, which may be only available in small quantities . Using a single set of' vector primers', it can also analyze or extract fragments that have already been inserted into vectors . Some alterations to the PCR protocol can generate mutations (general or site - directed) of an inserted fragment . </Li> <Li> Sequence - tagged sites is a process where PCR is used as an indicator that a particular segment of a genome is present in a particular clone . The Human Genome Project found this application vital to mapping the cosmid clones they were sequencing, and to coordinating the results from different laboratories . </Li> <Li> An exciting application of PCR is the phylogenic analysis of DNA from ancient sources, such as that found in the recovered bones of Neanderthals, or from frozen tissues of mammoths . In some cases the highly degraded DNA from these sources might be reassembled during the early stages of amplification . </Li>

Which of the following hybridize with the gene to be amplified