<P> Leisler's Rebellion in New York City deposed the dominion's lieutenant governor Francis Nicholson . After these events, the colonies that had been assembled into the dominion reverted to their previous forms of government, although some governed formally without a charter . New charters were eventually issued by the new joint rulers William III of England and Queen Mary II . </P> <P> A number of English colonies were established in North America and in the West Indies during the first half of the 17th century, with varying attributes . Some originated as commercial ventures, such as the Virginia Colony, while others were founded for religious reasons, such as Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay . The governments of the colonies also varied . Virginia became a crown colony, despite its corporate beginning, while Massachusetts and other New England colonies had corporate charters and a great deal of administrative freedom . Other areas were proprietary colonies, such as Maryland and Carolina, owned and operated by one or a few individuals . </P> <P> Following the English Restoration in 1660, King Charles II sought to streamline the administration of these colonial territories . Charles and his government began a process that brought a number of the colonies under direct crown control . One reason for these actions was the cost of administration of individual colonies; another significant reason was the regulation of trade . Throughout the 1660s, the English Parliament passed a number of laws to regulate the trade of the colonies, collectively called the Navigation Acts . These laws were resisted, particularly in the New England colonies which had established significant trading networks with other English colonies and with other European countries and their colonies, especially Spain and the Dutch Republic . The laws outlawed some existing New England practices, in effect turning merchants into smugglers, and the payment of additional duties would have significantly increased their shipping costs . </P> <P> Some of the New England colonies presented specific problems for the king, and combining those colonies into a single administrative entity was seen as a way to resolve those problems . The Plymouth Colony had never been formally chartered, and the New Haven Colony had sheltered two of the regicides of Charles I, the king's father . The territory of Maine was disputed by competing grantees and by Massachusetts, and New Hampshire was a very small, recently established crown colony . </P>

Who was responsible for disbanding the court in october of 1692