<P> The final stroke of the battle belonged to the British . Around 3 pm, Riedesel sent a messenger to Burgoyne for instructions . He returned two hours later with orders to guard the baggage train, but also to send as many men as he could spare toward the American right flank . In a calculated risk, Riedesel left 500 men to guard the vital supply train and marched off toward the action with the rest of his column . Two of his companies advanced on the double and opened vicious fire on the American right, and Fraser's force threatened to turn the American left flank . In response to the latter threat, Arnold requested more forces, and Gates allowed him to dispatch Ebenezer Learned's brigade (2nd, 8th and 9th Massachusetts). (If Arnold had been on the field, these forces might have instead faced the larger danger posed by Riedesel's force .) Fortunately for the American right, darkness set in, bringing an end to the battle . The Americans retreated back to their defenses, leaving the British on the field . </P> <P> Burgoyne had gained the field of battle, but suffered nearly 600 casualties . Most of these were to Hamilton's center column, where the 62nd was reduced to the size of a single company, and three quarters of the artillerymen were killed or wounded . American losses were nearly 300 killed and seriously wounded . </P> <P> It has been widely recounted in histories of this battle that General Arnold was on the field, directing some of the action . However, John Luzader, a former park historian at the Saratoga National Historical Park, carefully documents the evolution of this story and believes it is without foundation in contemporary materials, and that Arnold remained at Gates' headquarters, receiving news and dispatching orders through messengers . Arnold biographer James Kirby Martin, however, disagrees with Luzader, arguing that Arnold played a more active role at Freeman's Farm by directing patriot troops into position and possibly leading some charges before being ordered back to headquarters by Gates . </P> <P> Burgoyne to Clinton, September 23, 1777 </P>

Who led the american army in the battle of saratoga
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