<P> The European Union (EU) has long since been against the death penalty, supporting the European Convention, and its 2000 Charter of Fundamental Rights included an absolute ban on the death penalty in all circumstances . The Charter has been made legally binding by the Treaty of Lisbon as it was fully ratified and became effective on December 1, 2009 . The treaty also has a provision for the EU to join the Council of Europe and accede to the European Convention on Human Rights . The EU has been an active promoter of abolition worldwide and has been promoting a United Nations moratorium on the death penalty; however some national governments such as Poland have opposed such moves . </P> <P> The Council of Europe has made abolition of the death penalty a prerequisite for membership . As a result, no execution has taken place on the territory of the organisation's member states since 1997 . The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe continues to monitor the capital punishment issue . The current General Rapporteur on the abolition of the death penalty for the Parliamentary Assembly is German member of parliament Marina Schuster . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Th> Method </Th> <Th> Year of last use (peacetime) </Th> <Th> Abolished (peacetime) </Th> <Th> Year of last use (wartime) </Th> <Th> Abolished (wartime) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Albania </Td> <Td> Hanging </Td> <Td> 1995 </Td> <Td> 2000 </Td> <Td>? </Td> <Td> 2007 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Andorra </Td> <Td> Garrotte, Firing squad </Td> <Td> 1943 </Td> <Td> 1990 </Td> <Td>? </Td> <Td> 1996? </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Armenia </Td> <Td> Single shot </Td> <Td> 1991 </Td> <Td> 2003 </Td> <Td>? </Td> <Td> 2003 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Austria </Td> <Td> Hanging </Td> <Td> 1950 </Td> <Td> 1950 </Td> <Td>? </Td> <Td> 1968? </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Azerbaijan </Td> <Td> Single shot </Td> <Td> 1993 </Td> <Td> 1998 </Td> <Td>? </Td> <Td> 1998 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Belarus </Td> <Td> Single shot </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td>? </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Belgium </Td> <Td> Guillotine </Td> <Td> 1863 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1950 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bosnia and Herzegovina </Td> <Td> Firing squad </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2000 </Td> <Td>? </Td> <Td> 2000? </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bulgaria </Td> <Td> Firing squad </Td> <Td> 1989 </Td> <Td> 1998 </Td> <Td>? </Td> <Td> 1998? </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Croatia </Td> <Td> Firing squad </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1990 </Td> <Td>? </Td> <Td> 1997? </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cyprus </Td> <Td> Hanging </Td> <Td> 1962 </Td> <Td> 2002 </Td> <Td>? </Td> <Td> 2002? </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Czech Republic </Td> <Td> Hanging </Td> <Td> 1989 </Td> <Td> 1990 </Td> <Td> 1948 </Td> <Td> 1990 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Denmark </Td> <Td> Beheading, Firing squad </Td> <Td> 1892 </Td> <Td> 1930 </Td> <Td> 1950 </Td> <Td> 1994 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Estonia </Td> <Td> Single shot </Td> <Td> 1991 </Td> <Td> 1998 </Td> <Td>? </Td> <Td> 1998? </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Finland </Td> <Td> Firing Squad, Hanging </Td> <Td> 1825 </Td> <Td> 1949 </Td> <Td> 1944 </Td> <Td> 1972 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> France </Td> <Td> Guillotine, Firing Squad </Td> <Td> 1977 </Td> <Td> 1981 </Td> <Td> 1961 </Td> <Td> 1981 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Georgia </Td> <Td> Single shot </Td> <Td> 1995 </Td> <Td> 2000 </Td> <Td>? </Td> <Td> 2000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Germany </Td> <Td> Guillotine, Hanging, Firing Squad </Td> <Td> 1949 </Td> <Td> 1949 </Td> <Td> 1945 </Td> <Td> 1949 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> East Germany </Td> <Td> Guillotine, Single shot </Td> <Td> 1981 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1945 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Greece </Td> <Td> Firing Squad </Td> <Td> 1972 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td>? </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Hungary </Td> <Td> Hanging </Td> <Td> 1988 </Td> <Td> 1990 </Td> <Td>? </Td> <Td> 1990 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Iceland </Td> <Td> Beheading </Td> <Td> 1830 </Td> <Td> 1928 </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> 1928 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ireland </Td> <Td> Hanging </Td> <Td> 1954 </Td> <Td> 1990 </Td> <Td> 1922 </Td> <Td> 2002 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Italy </Td> <Td> Firing Squad </Td> <Td> 1947 </Td> <Td> 1948 </Td> <Td> 1947 </Td> <Td> 1994 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kazakhstan </Td> <Td> Single shot </Td> <Td> 2003 </Td> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td>? </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Latvia </Td> <Td> Shooting </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1999 </Td> <Td>? </Td> <Td> 2012 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Liechtenstein </Td> <Td>? </Td> <Td> 1785 </Td> <Td> 1989 </Td> <Td>? </Td> <Td> 1989 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lithuania </Td> <Td> Shooting </Td> <Td> 1995 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td>? </Td> <Td> 1998 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Luxembourg </Td> <Td> Hanging </Td> <Td>? </Td> <Td> 1979 </Td> <Td>? </Td> <Td> 1979 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Republic of Macedonia </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> None since independence </Td> <Td> 1991 </Td> <Td> None since independence </Td> <Td> 1991 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Malta </Td> <Td> Hanging </Td> <Td> 1943 </Td> <Td> 1971 </Td> <Td> 1942 </Td> <Td> 2000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Moldova </Td> <Td>? </Td> <Td>? </Td> <Td> 2005 </Td> <Td>? </Td> <Td> 2005 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Monaco </Td> <Td>? </Td> <Td>? </Td> <Td> 1962 </Td> <Td>? </Td> <Td> 1962 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Montenegro </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> None since independence </Td> <Td> 2002 </Td> <Td> None since independence </Td> <Td> 2002 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Netherlands </Td> <Td> Hanging, Firing squad </Td> <Td> 1860 </Td> <Td> 1870 </Td> <Td> 1952 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Norway </Td> <Td> Beheading </Td> <Td> 1876 </Td> <Td> 1902 </Td> <Td> 1948 </Td> <Td> 1979 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Poland </Td> <Td> Hanging </Td> <Td> 1988 </Td> <Td> 1997 </Td> <Td>? </Td> <Td> 1997 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Portugal </Td> <Td> Hanging, Garrotte, Firing squad </Td> <Td> 1846 </Td> <Td> 1867 </Td> <Td> 1918? </Td> <Td> 1976 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Romania </Td> <Td> Firing squad </Td> <Td> 1989 </Td> <Td> 1990 </Td> <Td>? </Td> <Td> 1991 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Russia </Td> <Td> Firing squad </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td>? </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> San Marino </Td> <Td>? </Td> <Td> 1468 </Td> <Td> 1848 </Td> <Td>? </Td> <Td> 1865 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Serbia </Td> <Td> Firing squad </Td> <Td> 1992 </Td> <Td> 2002 </Td> <Td>? </Td> <Td> 2002 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Slovakia </Td> <Td> Hanging </Td> <Td> 1989 </Td> <Td> 1993 </Td> <Td> None since independence </Td> <Td> 1993 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Slovenia </Td> <Td> Hanging </Td> <Td> 1957 </Td> <Td> 1989 </Td> <Td>? </Td> <Td> 1991 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Spain </Td> <Td> Garrotte, Firing squad </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1978 </Td> <Td>? </Td> <Td> 1995 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sweden </Td> <Td> Guillotine ∗ (\ displaystyle *), Beheading, Hanging </Td> <Td> 1910 </Td> <Td> 1921 </Td> <Td>? </Td> <Td> 1973 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Switzerland </Td> <Td> Beheading </Td> <Td> 1940 </Td> <Td> 1942 </Td> <Td> 1945? </Td> <Td> 1992 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Turkey </Td> <Td> Hanging </Td> <Td> 1984 </Td> <Td> 2002 </Td> <Td> 1921 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ukraine </Td> <Td>? </Td> <Td> 1997 </Td> <Td> 2000 </Td> <Td>? </Td> <Td> 2000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> <Td> Hanging </Td> <Td> 1964 </Td> <Td> 1965 (suspended) 1969 (abolished) </Td> <Td> 1953 </Td> <Td> 1998 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Vatican City </Td> <Td> Mazzatello </Td> <Td> 1870 (as Papal States) </Td> <Td> 1969 </Td> <Td>? </Td> <Td> 1969 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Th> Method </Th> <Th> Year of last use (peacetime) </Th> <Th> Abolished (peacetime) </Th> <Th> Year of last use (wartime) </Th> <Th> Abolished (wartime) </Th> </Tr>

When did european countries abolish the death penalty
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