<P> Current processes include a combination of strategic and environmental planning . It is becoming more widely understood that any sector of land has a certain capacity for supporting human, animal, and vegetative life in harmony, and that upsetting this balance has dire consequences on the environment . Planners and citizens often take on an advocacy role during the planning process in an attempt to influence public policy . Due to a host of political and economic factors, governments are slow to adopt land use policies that are congruent with scientific data supporting more environmentally sensitive regulations . </P> <P> Since the 1990s, the activist / environmentalist approach to planning has grown into the Smart Growth movement, characterized by the focus on more sustainable and less environmentally damaging forms of development . Moreover, there is changes on the requirements of land use planning overtime . For example, whilst most of the urban planners suggest the distance from the landfill that a housing estate should be built, they must also take wind direction into consideration </P> <P> Smart growth supports the integration of mixed land uses into communities as a critical component of achieving better places to live . Putting uses in close proximity to one another has benefits for transportation alternatives to driving, security, community cohesiveness, local economies, and general quality of life issues . Smart growth strives to provide a means for communities to alter the planning context which currently renders mixed land uses illegal in most of the country . </P> <P> Professional planners work in the public sector for governmental and non-profit agencies, and in the private sector for businesses related to land, community, and economic development . Through research, design, and analysis of data, a planner's work is to create a plan for some aspect of a community . This process typically involves gathering public input to develop the vision and goals for the community . </P>

Mention any two challenge for the planning of an area