<P>' 3 . Parliamentary Legislation in the State Field' The above scheme of distribution of legislative powers between the Centre and the states is to be maintained in normal times . But, in abnormal times, the scheme of distribution is either modified or suspended . In other words, the Constitution empowers the Parliament to make laws on any matter enumerated in the State List under the following five extraordinary circumstances: </P> <P> When Rajya Sabha Passes a Resolution: If the Rajya Sabha declares that it is necessary in the national interest that Parliament should make laws on a matter in the State List, then the Parliament becomes competent to make laws on that matter . Such a resolution must be supported by two - thirds of the members present and voting . The resolution remains in force for one year; it can be renewed any number of times but not exceeding one year at a time . The laws cease to have effect on the expiration of six months after the resolution has ceased to be in force . This provision does not restrict the power of a state legislature to make laws on the same matter . But, in case of inconsistency between a state law and a parliamentary law, the latter is to prevail . </P> <P> During a National Emergency: The Parliament acquires the power to legislate with respect to matters in the State List, while a proclamation of national emergency is in operation . The laws become inoperative on the expiration of six months after the emergency has ceased to operate . Here also, the power of a state legislature to make laws on the same matter is not restricted . But, in case of repugnancy between a state law and a parliamentary law, the latter is to prevail . </P> <P> When States Make a Request: When the legislatures of two or more states pass resolutions requesting the Parliament to enact laws on a matter in the State List, then the Parliament can make laws for regulating that matter . A law so enacted applies only to those states which have passed the resolutions . However, any other state may adopt it afterwards by passing a resolution to that effect in its legislature . Such a law can be amended or repealed only by the Parliament and not by the legislatures of the concerned states . The effect of passing a resolution under the above provision is that the Parliament becomes entitled to legislate with respect to a matter for which it has no power to make a law . On the other hand, the state legislature ceases to have the power to make a law with respect to that matter . The resolution operates as abdication or surrender of the power of the state legislature with respect to that matter and it is placed entirely in the hands of Parliament which alone can then legislate with respect to it . Some examples of laws passed under the above provision are Prize Competition Act, 1955; Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972; Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974; Urban Land (Ceiling and Regulation) Act, 1976; and Transplantation of Human Organs Act, 1994 . </P>

Which branchs powers are defined in article 3