<P> The core principles of Tinker remain unaltered, but are tempered by several important decisions, including Bethel School District v. Fraser, Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier, and Morse v. Frederick . Despite respect for the legitimate educational interests of school officials, the Supreme Court has not abandoned Tinker; it continues to recognize the basis precept of Tinker that viewpoint - specific speech restrictions are an egregious violation of the First Amendment . In Rosenberger v. Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia, the Supreme Court declared: "Discrimination against speech because of its message is presumed to be unconstitutional". Rosenberger held that denial of funds to a student organization on the sole basis that the funds were used to publish a religiously oriented student newspaper was an unconstitutional violation of the right of free speech guaranteed by the First Amendment . Accordingly, for other on - campus speech that is neither obscene, vulgar, lewd, indecent, or plainly offensive under Fraser nor school - sponsored under Hazelwood nor advocating illegal drugs at a school - sponsored event under Frederick, Tinker applies limiting the authority of schools to regulate the speech, whether on or off - campus, unless it would materially and substantially disrupt classwork and discipline in the school . </P> <P> In Tinker, several students were suspended for wearing black armbands that protested against the Vietnam War . </P> <P> In Fraser, a high school student was disciplined following his speech to a school assembly at which he nominated a fellow student for a student elective office . The speech contained sexual innuendos, but not obscenities . The Supreme Court found that school officials could discipline the student . In doing so, it recognized that "the process of educating our youth for citizenship in public schools is not confined to books, the curriculum, and the civics class; schools must teach by example the shared values of a civilized social order". Recognizing that one of the important purposes of public education is to inculcate the habits and manners of civility as valued conducive both to happiness and to the practice of self - government, the Supreme Court emphasized that "consciously or otherwise, teachers--and indeed the older students--demonstrate the appropriate form of civil discourse and political expression by their conduct and deportment in and out of class". Under the Fraser standard, school officials look not merely to the reasonable risk of disruption--the Tinker standard--but would also balance the freedom of a student's speech rights against the school's interest in teaching students the boundaries of socially appropriate behavior . Schools have discretion to curtail not only obscene speech, but speech that is vulgar, lewd, indecent, or plainly offensive . </P> <P> The Hazelwood School District case applies the principles set forth in Fraser to curricular matters . In Hazelwood, the Supreme Court upheld a school's decision to censor certain articles in the school newspaper which was produced as part of the school's journalism curriculum . Echoing Fraser, the Supreme Court observed that "(a) school need not tolerate student speech that is inconsistent with' its basic educational mission'...even though the government could not censor similar speech outside the school". School authorities and educators do not offend the First Amendment by exercising editorial control over the style and content of student speech in school - sponsored expressive activities so long as their actions are reasonably related to legitimate pedagogical concerns . </P>

Where does free speech begin and end for a student