<P> Revolutionary movements and right - wing military dictatorships became common after World War II, but since the 1980s, a wave of democratization passed through the continent, and democratic rule is widespread now . Nonetheless, allegations of corruption are still very common, and several countries have developed crises which have forced the resignation of their governments, although, on most occasions, regular civilian succession has continued . </P> <P> International indebtedness turned into a severe problem in the late 1980s, and some countries, despite having strong democracies, have not yet developed political institutions capable of handling such crises without resorting to unorthodox economic policies, as most recently illustrated by Argentina's default in the early 21st century . The last twenty years have seen an increased push towards regional integration, with the creation of uniquely South American institutions such as the Andean Community, Mercosur and Unasur . Notably, starting with the election of Hugo Chávez in Venezuela in 1998, the region experienced what has been termed a pink tide--the election of several leftist and center - left administrations to most countries of the area, except for the Guianas and Colombia . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Flag </Th> <Th> Arms </Th> <Th> Country or territory with flag </Th> <Th> Area (km2) (sq mi) </Th> <Th> Capital </Th> <Th> Population (2016 est .) </Th> <Th> Population density per km (per sq mi) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Argentina </Td> <Td> Buenos Aires </Td> <Td> 2766890! 2,766,890 km (1,068,300 sq mi) </Td> <Td> 43,847,430 </Td> <Td> 1430! 14.3 / km2 (37 / sq mi) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Bolivia </Td> <Td> La Paz and Sucre </Td> <Td> 1098580! 1,098,580 km (424,160 sq mi) </Td> <Td> 10,887,882 </Td> <Td> 0810! 8.4 / km2 (21.8 / sq mi) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Brazil </Td> <Td> Brasília </Td> <Td> 8514877! 8,514,877 km (3,287,612 sq mi) </Td> <Td> 207,652,865 </Td> <Td> 2200! 22.0 / km2 (57 / sq mi) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Chile </Td> <Td> Santiago </Td> <Td> 0756950! 756,950 km (292,260 sq mi) </Td> <Td> 17,909,754 </Td> <Td> 2110! 22 / km2 (57 / sq mi) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Colombia </Td> <Td> Bogotá </Td> <Td> 1138910! 1,141,748 km (440,831 sq mi) </Td> <Td> 48,653,419 </Td> <Td> 3770! 40 / km2 (103.6 / sq mi) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Ecuador </Td> <Td> Quito </Td> <Td> 0283560! 283,560 km (109,480 sq mi) </Td> <Td> 16,385,068 </Td> <Td> 4710! 53.8 / km2 (139.3 / sq mi) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Falkland Islands (United Kingdom) </Td> <Td> Stanley </Td> <Td> 0012173! 12,173 km (4,700 sq mi) </Td> <Td> 2,910 </Td> <Td> 0026! 0.26 / km2 (0.7 / sq mi) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> French Guiana (France) </Td> <Td> Cayenne (Préfecture) </Td> <Td> 0091000! 91,000 km (35,000 sq mi) </Td> <Td> 275,713 </Td> <Td> 0210! 2.7 / km2 (5.4 / sq mi) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Guyana </Td> <Td> Georgetown </Td> <Td> 0214999! 214,999 km (83,012 sq mi) </Td> <Td> 773,303 </Td> <Td> 0360! 3.5 / km2 (9.1 / sq mi) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Paraguay </Td> <Td> Asunción </Td> <Td> 0406750! 406,750 km (157,050 sq mi) </Td> <Td> 6,725,308 </Td> <Td> 1560! 15.6 / km2 (40.4 / sq mi) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Peru </Td> <Td> Lima </Td> <Td> 1285220! 1,285,220 km (496,230 sq mi) </Td> <Td> 31,773,839 </Td> <Td> 2170! 22 / km2 (57 / sq mi) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (United Kingdom) </Td> <Td> King Edward Point </Td> <Td> 0003093! 3,093 km (1,194 sq mi) </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> 0000! 0 / km2 (0 / sq mi) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Suriname </Td> <Td> Paramaribo </Td> <Td> 0163270! 163,270 km (63,040 sq mi) </Td> <Td> 558,368 </Td> <Td> 0270! 3 / km2 (7.8 / sq mi) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Uruguay </Td> <Td> Montevideo </Td> <Td> 0176220! 176,220 km (68,040 sq mi) </Td> <Td> 3,444,006 </Td> <Td> 1940! 19.4 / km2 (50.2 / sq mi) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Venezuela </Td> <Td> Caracas </Td> <Td> 09116445! 916,445 km (353,841 sq mi) </Td> <Td> 31,568,179 </Td> <Td> 2780! 30.2 / km2 (72 / sq mi) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan="4"> Total </Th> <Td> 7007178245130000000 ♠ 17,824,513 </Td> <Td> 420,458,044 </Td> <Td> 21.5 / km2 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Th> Flag </Th> <Th> Arms </Th> <Th> Country or territory with flag </Th> <Th> Area (km2) (sq mi) </Th> <Th> Capital </Th> <Th> Population (2016 est .) </Th> <Th> Population density per km (per sq mi) </Th> </Tr>

List of south american countries and their capital cities
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