<P> Known for their complex structure, varnams are a fundamental form in Carnatic music . Varnams are practised as vocal exercises in multiple speeds by performers of Carnatic music, to help develop voice culture, and maintain proper pitch and control of rhythm . In Carnatic music concerts, varnams are often performed by musicians as the opening item--acting as a warm up for the musicians, and as a means of grabbing the attention of the audience . </P> <P> Carnatic songs (kritis) are varied in structure and style, but generally consist of three units: </P> <Ol> <Li> Pallavi . This is the equivalent of a refrain in Western music, with 1 or 2 lines . </Li> <Li> Anupallavi . This is the second verse, also as 2 lines . </Li> <Li> Charana . The final (and longest) verse that wraps up the song . The Charanam usually borrows patterns from the Anupallavi . There can be multiple charanas . </Li> </Ol> <Li> Pallavi . This is the equivalent of a refrain in Western music, with 1 or 2 lines . </Li>

The three layers of a typical carnatic piece are