<Tr> <Td> Military expenditures </Td> <Td> $48.86 billion (FY 2008) </Td> <Td> $663.7 billion (FY 2010) </Td> </Tr> <Ul> <Li> In 1791, two American ships commanded by the American explorer John Kendrick stopped for 11 days on Kii Ōshima island, south of the Kii Peninsula . He is the first American known to have visited Japan . He apparently planted an American flag and claimed the islands, but there is no Japanese account of his visit . </Li> <Li> In 1846, Commander James Biddle, sent by the United States Government to open trade, anchored himself in Tokyo Bay with two ships, one of which was armed with seventy - two cannons . Regardless, his demands for a trade agreement remained unsuccessful . </Li> <Li> In 1848, Captain James Glynn sailed to Nagasaki, which led to the first successful negotiation by an American with sakoku Japan . Upon his return to North America, Glynn recommended to the Congress that any negotiations to open up Japan should be backed up by a demonstration of force; this paved the way for the later expedition of Commodore and lieutenant Matthew Perry . </Li> </Ul> <Li> In 1791, two American ships commanded by the American explorer John Kendrick stopped for 11 days on Kii Ōshima island, south of the Kii Peninsula . He is the first American known to have visited Japan . He apparently planted an American flag and claimed the islands, but there is no Japanese account of his visit . </Li> <Li> In 1846, Commander James Biddle, sent by the United States Government to open trade, anchored himself in Tokyo Bay with two ships, one of which was armed with seventy - two cannons . Regardless, his demands for a trade agreement remained unsuccessful . </Li>

Why did japan and the united states began diplomatic negotiations in march 1941