<Li> an increase in protein (enzyme) activity </Li> <Li> a loss of regulation </Li> <Li> An increase in the amount of a certain protein (protein concentration), caused by <Ul> <Li> an increase of protein expression (through misregulation) </Li> <Li> an increase of protein (mRNA) stability, prolonging its existence and thus its activity in the cell </Li> <Li> gene duplication (one type of chromosome abnormality), resulting in an increased amount of protein in the cell </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Ul> <Li> an increase of protein expression (through misregulation) </Li> <Li> an increase of protein (mRNA) stability, prolonging its existence and thus its activity in the cell </Li> <Li> gene duplication (one type of chromosome abnormality), resulting in an increased amount of protein in the cell </Li> </Ul>

Of the 5 divisions or classes of oncogenes what is a common thread of all of them