<P> Before the deadline, the documents required to submit a proposal were requested over 2,600 times and 528 proposals were submitted . The jury met on January 15, 1995 to pick the best submission . First, Walter Jens, the president of the Akademie der Künste was elected chairman of the jury . In the following days, all but 13 submissions were eliminated from the race in several rounds of looking through all works . As had already been arranged, the jury met again on March 15 . Eleven submissions were restored to the race as requested by several jurors, after they had had a chance to review the eliminated works in the months in between the meetings . </P> <P> Two works were then recommended by the jury to the foundation to be checked as to whether they could be completed within the price range given . One was designed by a group around the architect Simon Ungers from Hamburg; it consisted of 85x85 meters square of steel girders on top of concrete blocks located on the corners . The names of several extermination camps would be perforated into the girders, so that these would be projected onto objects or people in the area by sunlight . The other winner was a design by Christine Jackob - Marks . Her concept consisted of 100x100 meters large concrete plate, seven meters thick . It would be tilted, rising up to eleven meters and walkable on special paths . The names of the Jewish victims of the Holocaust would be engraved into the concrete, with spaces left empty for those victims whose names remain unknown . Large pieces of debris from Massada, a mountaintop - fortress in Israel, whose Jewish inhabitants killed themselves to avoid being captured or killed by the Roman soldiers rushing in, would be spread over the concrete plate . Other ideas involved a memorial not only to the Jews but to all the victims of Nazism . </P> <P> Chancellor Helmut Kohl, who had taken a close personal interest in the project, expressed his dissatisfaction with the recommendations of the jury to implement the work of the Jackob - Marks team . A new, more limited competition was launched in 1996 with 25 architects and sculptors invited to submit proposals . </P> <P> The date for the inauguration was scrapped and in 1997 the first of three public discussions on the monument was held . The second competition in November 1997 produced four finalists, including a collaboration between architect Peter Eisenman and artist Richard Serra whose plan later emerged as the winner . Their design originally envisaged a huge labyrinth of 4,000 stone pillars of varying heights scattered over 180,000 square feet . Serra, however, quit the design team soon after, citing personal and professional reasons that "had nothing to do with the merits of the project ." Kohl still insisted on numerous changes, but Eisenman soon indicated he could accommodate them . Among other changes, the initial Eisenman - Serra project was soon scaled down to a monument of some 2,000 pillars . </P>

When was the holocaust memorial in berlin built