<Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <P> Wahhabism (Arabic: الوهابية ‎, al - Wahhābiya (h)) is an Islamic doctrine and religious movement founded by Muhammad ibn Abd al - Wahhab . It has been variously described as "ultraconservative", "austere", "fundamentalist", or "puritan (ical)"; as an Islamic "reform movement" to restore "pure monotheistic worship" (tawhid) by devotees; and as a "deviant sectarian movement", "vile sect" and a distortion of Islam by its opponents . The term Wahhabi (ism) is often used polemically and adherents commonly reject its use, preferring to be called Salafi or muwahhid . claiming to emphasis the principle of tawhid (the "uniqueness" and "unity" of God)., for exclusivity on monotheism, dismissing other Muslims as practising shirk . It follows the theology of Ibn Taymiyyah and the Hanbali school of jurisprudence, although Hanbali leaders renounced Abd al - Wahhab's views . </P> <P> Wahhabism is named after an eighteenth - century preacher and activist, Muhammad ibn Abd al - Wahhab (1703--1792). He started a reform movement in the remote, sparsely populated region of Najd, advocating a purging of such widespread Sunni practices as the veneration of saints and the visiting of their tombs and shrines, all of which were practiced all over the Islamic world, but which he considered idolatry (shirk), impurities and innovations in Islam (Bid'ah). Eventually he formed a pact with a local leader, Muhammad bin Saud, offering political obedience and promising that protection and propagation of the Wahhabi movement meant "power and glory" and rule of "lands and men". </P>

What was the wahhabi movement of the early eighteenth century
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