<P> The temporal sensitivity and resolution of human vision varies depending on the type and characteristics of visual stimulus, and it differs between individuals . The human visual system can process 10 to 12 images per second and perceive them individually, while higher rates are perceived as motion . Modulated light (such as a computer display) is perceived as stable by the majority of participants in studies when the rate is higher than 50 Hz through 90 Hz . This perception of modulated light as steady is known as the flicker fusion threshold . However, when the modulated light is non-uniform and contains an image, the flicker fusion threshold can be much higher, in the hundreds of hertz . With regard to image recognition, people have been found to recognize a specific image in an unbroken series of different images, each of which lasts as little as 13 milliseconds . Persistence of vision sometimes accounts for very short single - millisecond visual stimulus having a perceived duration of between 100 ms and 400 ms . Multiple stimuli that are very short are sometimes perceived as a single stimulus, such as a 10 ms green flash of light immediately followed by a 10 ms red flash of light perceived as a single yellow flash of light . </P> <P> Early silent films had stated frame rates anywhere from 16 to 24 frames per second (fps), but since the cameras were hand - cranked, the rate often changed during the scene to fit the mood . Projectionists could also change the frame rate in the theater by adjusting a rheostat controlling the voltage powering the film - carrying mechanism in the projector . Film companies often intended that theaters show their silent films at higher frame rates than they were filmed at . These frame rates were enough for the sense of motion, but it was perceived as jerky motion . To minimize the perceived flicker, projectors employed dual - and triple - blade shutters, so each frame was displayed two or three times, increasing the flicker rate to 48 or 72 Hertz and reducing eye strain . Thomas Edison said that 46 frames per second was the minimum needed for the eye to perceive motion: "Anything less will strain the eye ." In the mid to late 1920s, the frame rate for silent films increased to between 20 and 26 fps . </P> <P> When sound film was introduced in 1926, variations in film speed were no longer tolerated, as the human ear is more sensitive to changes in audio frequency . Many theaters had shown silent films at 22 to 26 fps--which is why the industry chose 24 fps for sound as a compromise . From 1927 to 1930, as various studios updated equipment, the rate of 24 fps became standard for 35 mm sound film . At 24 fps the film travels through the projector at a rate of 456 millimetres (18.0 in) per second . This allowed for simple two - blade shutters to give a projected series of images at 48 per second, satisfying Edison's recommendation . Many modern 35 mm film projectors use three - blade shutters to give 72 images per second--each frame is flashed on screen three times . </P> <P> In drawn animation, moving characters are often shot "on twos", that is to say, one drawing is shown for every two frames of film (which usually runs at 24 frames per second), meaning there are only 12 drawings per second . Even though the image update rate is low, the fluidity is satisfactory for most subjects . However, when a character is required to perform a quick movement, it is usually necessary to revert to animating "on ones", as "twos" are too slow to convey the motion adequately . A blend of the two techniques keeps the eye fooled without unnecessary production cost . </P>

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