<P> Glucose - dependent insulinotropic polypeptide possesses an acute influence on food intake through its effects on adipocytes </P> <P> Oxyntomodulin plays a role in controlling acid secretion and satiation </P> <Table> Characteristics of prominent forms of principal gut regulatory peptides <Tr> <Th> Hormone or peptide </Th> <Th> Molecular weight (Da) </Th> <Th> Number of amino acids </Th> <Th> Main gut localization </Th> <Th> Principal physiologic actions </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Gastrin family </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cholecystokinin </Td> <Td> 3918 </Td> <Td> 33 (also 385, 59) </Td> <Td> Duodenum and jejunum, Enteric nerves </Td> <Td> Stimulates gallbladder contraction and intestinal motility; stimulates secretion of pancreatic enzymes, insulin, glucagon, and pancreatic polypeptides; has a role in indicating satiety; the C - terminal 8 amino acid peptide cholecystokinin (CCK) - 8 retains full activity </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Little gastrin </Td> <Td> 2098 </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> Both forms of gastrin are found in the gastric antrum and duodenum </Td> <Td> Gastrins stimulate the secretion of gastric acid, pepsinogen, intrinsic factor, and secretin; stimulate intestinal mucosal growth; increase gastric and intestinal motility </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Big gastrin </Td> <Td> 3839 </Td> <Td> 34 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Secretin - glucagon family </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Secretin </Td> <Td> 3056 </Td> <Td> 27 </Td> <Td> Duodenum and jejunum </Td> <Td> Stimulates pancreatic secretion of HCO, enzymes and insulin; reduces gastric and duodenal motility, inhibits gastrin release and gastric acid secretion </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) </Td> <Td> 3326 </Td> <Td> 28 </Td> <Td> Enteric nerves </Td> <Td> Relaxes smooth muscle of gut, blood vessels, and genitourinary system; increases water and electrolyte secretion from pancreas and gut; releases hormones from pancreas, gut, and hypothalamus </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Glucose - dependent insulinotropic </Td> <Td> 4976 </Td> <Td> 42 </Td> <Td> Duodenum and jejunum </Td> <Td> Stimulates insulin release; reduces gastric and intestinal motility; increases fluid and electrolyte secretion from small intestine </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Th> Hormone or peptide </Th> <Th> Molecular weight (Da) </Th> <Th> Number of amino acids </Th> <Th> Main gut localization </Th> <Th> Principal physiologic actions </Th> </Tr>

Gastric hormones that control the secretion of enzymes by the pancreas