<P> Furthermore, in the English tradition, judges were seen as being agents of the King and his court, who represented him throughout his realm . Madison believed that in the American states, this direct link between state executives and judges was a source of corruption through patronage, and thought the link had to be severed between the two, thus creating the "third branch" of the judiciary which had been without any direct precedent before this point . Madison, however, did not believe that the judiciary should be truly independent, but rather beholden to the legislature rather than the executive . At the Convention, some sided with Madison that the legislature should choose judges, while others believed the president should choose judges . A compromise was eventually reached that the president should choose judges and the Senate confirm them . </P> <P> In a few areas, Madison's plan included provisions that had little support among the delegates . Few agreed with Madison that the legislature should be able to invalidate state laws, so the idea was dropped . While most thought there should be some mechanism to invalidate bad laws by congress, few agreed with Madison that a board of the executive and judges should decide on this . Instead, the power was given solely to the executive in the form of the veto . Many also thought this would be useful to protect the executive, whom many worried might become beholden to an imperial legislature . Also, during the deliberations, the New Jersey Plan was introduced, although it was more of a protest to the excessive national character of the Virginia plan, and was not seriously considered . The office of Vice President was also included later in the deliberations, mainly to provide the president a successor if he was unable to complete his term but also to provide presidential electors with an incentive to vote for at least one out of state candidate in addition to a "favorite son" from their own state or region . </P> <P> Each state was allowed to cast a single vote either for or against a proposal during the debates in accordance with the majority opinion of the state's delegates . Throughout the Convention, delegates would regularly come and go, with only 30--40 being present on a typical day . Consequently, if a state's delegates were equally divided in their views on a given proposal, or if too few of the state's delegates were in attendance to establish a quorum for the delegation when votes were being cast on a particular proposal, that state's delegation had essentially no effect on the outcome of the vote on the proposal . Thus, for example, after two of New York's three delegates abandoned the Convention in mid July with no intention of returning, New York was left unable to vote on any further proposals at the Convention, although Hamilton would continue to periodically attend and occasionally to speak during the debates . </P> <P> The first area of major dispute was the manner by which the lower house would be apportioned . A minority wanted it to be apportioned so that all states would have equal weight, though this was never seriously considered . Most wanted it apportioned in accordance with some mixture of property and population . Though there was discussion on how to calculate property for this purpose, the issue of property was later dropped because of its difficulty, and an assumption that property would closely correlate to population . </P>

Which event convinced leaders to have a constitutional convention