<Li> This new glideless (aː ~ äː) vowel encroaches on the territory of the "short a" vowel, / æ / (as in rat or bad), thus pushing / æ / generally higher and fronter in the mouth (and also possibly giving it a complex gliding quality, often starting higher and then gliding lower); thus / æ / can range variously away from its original position: (æ (j) ə ~ æɛæ ~ ɛ (j) ə> ɛ). An example is that, to other English speakers, the Southern pronunciation of yap sounds something like yeah - up . </Li> <Li> Stage 2 (/ eɪ / → (ɛɪ) and / ɛ / → (e (j) ə)): <Ul> <Li> By removing the existence of (aɪ), Stage 1 leaves open a lower space for / eɪ / (as in name and day) to occupy, causing Stage 2: the pulling of the diphthong / eɪ / into a lower starting position, towards (ɛɪ) (listen) or to an even lower and / or more retracted sound . </Li> <Li> At the same time, the pushing of / æ / into the vicinity of / ɛ / (as in red or belt), forces / ɛ / itself into a higher and fronter position, occupying the (e) area (previously the vicinity of / eɪ /). / ɛ / also often acquires an in - glide: thus, (e (j) ə). An example is that, to other English speakers, the Southern pronunciation of yep sounds something like yay - up . Stage 2 is most common in heavily stressed syllables . Southern accents originating from cities that formerly had the greatest influence and wealth in the South (Richmond, VA; Charleston, SC; Atlanta, Macon, and Savannah, GA; and all of Florida) do not traditionally participate in Stage 2 . </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Ul> <Li> By removing the existence of (aɪ), Stage 1 leaves open a lower space for / eɪ / (as in name and day) to occupy, causing Stage 2: the pulling of the diphthong / eɪ / into a lower starting position, towards (ɛɪ) (listen) or to an even lower and / or more retracted sound . </Li> <Li> At the same time, the pushing of / æ / into the vicinity of / ɛ / (as in red or belt), forces / ɛ / itself into a higher and fronter position, occupying the (e) area (previously the vicinity of / eɪ /). / ɛ / also often acquires an in - glide: thus, (e (j) ə). An example is that, to other English speakers, the Southern pronunciation of yep sounds something like yay - up . Stage 2 is most common in heavily stressed syllables . Southern accents originating from cities that formerly had the greatest influence and wealth in the South (Richmond, VA; Charleston, SC; Atlanta, Macon, and Savannah, GA; and all of Florida) do not traditionally participate in Stage 2 . </Li> </Ul> <Li> By removing the existence of (aɪ), Stage 1 leaves open a lower space for / eɪ / (as in name and day) to occupy, causing Stage 2: the pulling of the diphthong / eɪ / into a lower starting position, towards (ɛɪ) (listen) or to an even lower and / or more retracted sound . </Li>

Where does the us southern accent come from