<Tr> <Th> </Th> <Th> Axel </Th> </Tr> <P> Jumps involve the skater leaping into the air and rotating rapidly to land after completing one or more rotations . There are many types of jumps, identified by the way the skater takes off and lands, as well as by the number of rotations that are completed . </P> <P> Each jump receives a score according to its base value and grade of execution (GOE). Quality of execution, technique, height, speed, flow and ice coverage are considered by the judges . An under - rotated jump (indicated by <) is "missing rotation of more than 1⁄4, but less than 1⁄2 revolution" and receives 70% of the base value . A downgraded jump (indicated by <<) is "missing rotation of 1⁄2 revolution or more". A downgraded triple is treated as a double jump, while a downgraded double is treated as a single jump . </P> <P> An edge violation occurs when a skater executes a jump on the incorrect edge . The hollow is a groove on the bottom of the blade which creates two distinct edges, inside and outside . The inside edge of the blade is on the side closest to the skater, the outside edge is on the side farthest from the skater, and a flat refers to skating on both edges at the same time, which is discouraged . An unclear edge or edge violation is indicated with an' e' and reflected in the GOE according to the severity of the problem . Flutz and lip are the colloquial terms for a Lutz and flip jump with an edge violation . </P>

What are the rules of olympic figure skating