<P> Eisenstein has described how the high costs of copying scribal works often led to their abandonment and eventual destruction . Furthermore, the cost and time of copying led to the slow propagation of ideas . In contrast, the printing press allowed rapid propagation of ideas, resulting in knowledge and cultural movements that were far harder to destroy . </P> <P> Eisenstein points to prior renaissances (rebirths) of classical learning prior to the printing press that failed . In contrast, the Renaissance was a permanent revival of classical learning because the printing of classical works put them into a permanent and widely read form . </P> <P> Similarly, Eisenstein points to a large number of prior attempts in Western Europe to assert doctrines contrary to the ruling Catholic Church . In contrast, the Protestant Reformation spread rapidly and permanently due to the printing of non-conformist works such as the 95 Theses . </P> <P> With the shift towards printing presses in the West, after Johannes Gutenberg developed a method that was cheap, fast, and filling the demand for books, the Renaissance truly came into its own . Even though the printing press was a paradigm shifting invention, printing had many critics, who were afraid that books could spread lies and subversion or corrupt unsuspecting readers . Also, they were afraid that the printed texts would spread heresy and sow religious discord . The Gutenberg Bible was the first book produced with moveable type in Europe . Martin Luther's Bible, which was published in German in 1522, started the Protestant Reformation . Latin's importance as a language started languishing with the rise of texts written in national languages . The shift from scholarly Latin to everyday languages marked an important turning point in print culture . The vernacular Bibles were important to other nations, as well . The King James Authorized Version was published in 1611, for example . Along with the religious tracts, the scientific revolution was largely due to the printing press and the new print culture . Scholarly books were more accessible, and the printing press provided more accurate diagrams and symbols . Along with scientific texts, like the works of Copernicus, Galileo, and Tycho Brahe, atlases and cartography started taking off within the new print culture, mostly due to the exploration of different nations around the world . </P>

Examine the various innovations in print technology in the late 19th century and early 20th century