<P> Getting the doctorate requires advanced studies after the master's degree, writing a thesis, nowadays often a thesis by publication, and publicly defending the thesis . </P> <P> Physicians are in Finnish referred to as lääkäri (physician) unless they have a research doctorate . </P> <P> In France, the title of Docteur is only used generally for physicians (médecin) and dentists (chirurgiens - dentistes) but can also be used by pharmacists, along with holders of research doctorates . Medical professionals do not normally hold a doctorate, which in France is used only to refer to a research doctorate, but a "State Diploma of Doctor of Medicine" (Diplôme d'État de docteur en médecine). </P> <P> The law in France allows the title of Dr to be used professionally by the above medical professionals and by holders of research doctorates, with the field of their speciality being mentioned after the name . The courts have ruled that stating the specialisation is not necessary except in circumstances specifically related to professional practice; at other times the title alone may be used . The courts have also determined that questioning the right of the holder of a research doctorate to use the title Dr is a form of libel . The National Union of Hospital Scientists (Syndicat National des Scientifiques Hospitaliers) launched a campaign in 2015 to raise awareness of the right of scientists to use the title . </P>

Who can use dr before their name in india