<P> The Pledge of Allegiance of the United States is an expression of allegiance to the Flag of the United States and the republic of the United States of America, originally composed by Rear Admiral George Balch in 1887, later revised by Francis Bellamy in 1892 and formally adopted by Congress as the pledge in 1942 . The official name of The Pledge of Allegiance was adopted in 1945 . The last change in language came on Flag Day 1954 when the words "under God" were added . </P> <P> Though many countries have oaths of allegiances for specific purposes, the United States remains one of the few to utilize such an oath in childhood education . </P> <P> Congressional sessions open with the recital of the Pledge, as do many government meetings at local levels, and meetings held by many private organizations . It is also commonly recited in school at the beginning of every school day, although the Supreme Court has ruled in West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette that students cannot be compelled to recite the Pledge, nor can they be punished for not doing so . All states except four (Hawaii, Iowa, Vermont and Wyoming) give time for the pledge to be recited as part of the school day . A number of states, including Ohio and Texas, have adopted state flag pledges of allegiance to be recited after this . </P> <P> The United States Flag Code states: </P>

When do we say the pledge of allegiance
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