<Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <P> In criminology, social control theory proposes that exploiting the process of socialization and social learning builds self - control and reduces the inclination to indulge in behavior recognized as antisocial . It derives from functionalist theories of crime and was developed by Ivan Nye (1958), who proposed that there were four types of control: </P> <Ul> <Li> Direct: by which punishment is threatened or applied for wrongful behavior, and compliance is rewarded by parents, family, and authority figures . </Li> <Li> Internal: by which a youth refrains from delinquency through the conscience or superego . </Li> <Li> Indirect: by identification with those who influence behavior, say because his or her delinquent act might cause pain and disappointment to parents and others with whom he or she has close relationships . </Li> <Li> Control through needs satisfaction, i.e. if all an individual's needs are met, there is no point in criminal activity . </Li> </Ul>

Who came up with the social control theory