<P> Studies have shown an association between increased physical activity and reduced inflammation . It produces both a short - term inflammatory response and a long - term anti-inflammatory effect . Physical activity reduces inflammation in conjunction with or independent of changes in body weight . However, the mechanisms linking physical activity to inflammation are unknown . </P> <P> Physical activity boosts the immune system . This is dependent on the concentration of endogenous factors (such as sex hormones, metabolic hormones and growth hormones), body temperature, blood flow, hydration status and body position . Physical activity has shown to increase the levels of natural killer (NK) cells, NK T cells, macrophages, neutrophils and eosinophils, complements, cytokines, antibodies and T cytotoxic cells . However, the mechanism linking physical activity to immune system is not fully understood . </P> <P> Achieving resilience through physical fitness promotes a vast and complex range of health related benefits . Individuals who keep up physical fitness levels generally regulate their distribution of body fat and stay away from obesity . Abdominal fat, specifically visceral fat, is most directly affected by engaging in aerobic exercise . Strength training has been known to increase the amount of muscle in the body, however it can also reduce body fat . Sex steroid hormones, insulin, and an appropriate immune response are factors that mediate metabolism in relation to the abdominal fat . Therefore, physical fitness provides weight control through regulation of these bodily functions . </P> <P> Menopause is the term that is used to refer to the stretch of both before and after a woman's last menstrual cycle . There are an instrumental amount of symptoms connected to menopause, most of which can affect the quality of life of the women involved in this stage of her life . One way to reduce the severity of the symptoms is exercise and keeping a healthy level of fitness . Prior to and during menopause as the female body changes there can be physical, physiological or internal changes to the body . These changes can be prevented or even reduced with the use of regular exercise . These changes include: </P>

Which of the following is generally not associated with a regular program of physical fitness