<Ol> <Li> ^ Excluding occupied territories . </Li> </Ol> <Li> ^ Excluding occupied territories . </Li> <P> Georgia (/ ˈdʒɔːrdʒə / (listen); Georgian: საქართველო, tr . Sakartvelo, IPA: (sɑkhɑrthvɛlɔ) (listen)) is a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia . Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded to the west by the Black Sea, to the north by Russia, to the south by Turkey and Armenia, and to the southeast by Azerbaijan . The capital and largest city is Tbilisi . Georgia covers a territory of 69,700 square kilometres (26,911 sq mi), and its 2017 population is about 3.718 million . Georgia is a unitary semi-presidential republic, with the government elected through a representative democracy . </P> <P> During the classical era, several independent kingdoms became established in what is now Georgia, such as Colchis and Iberia . The Georgians adopted Christianity in the early 4th century . A unified Kingdom of Georgia reached the peak of its political and economic strength during the reign of King David IV and Queen Tamar in the 12th and early 13th centuries . Thereafter, the kingdom declined and eventually disintegrated under hegemony of various regional powers, including the Mongols, the Ottoman Empire, and successive dynasties of Iran . In the late 18th century, the eastern Georgian Kingdom of Kartli - Kakheti forged an alliance with the Russian Empire, which directly annexed the kingdom in 1801 and conquered the western Kingdom of Imereti in 1810 . Russian rule over Georgia was eventually acknowledged in various peace treaties with Iran and the Ottomans and the remaining Georgian territories were absorbed by the Russian Empire in a piecemeal fashion in the course of the 19th century . Following the Russian Revolution in 1917, Georgia obtained its short - lived independence and established a republic led by the Social Democrats in 1918, only to be invaded by Soviet Russia in 1921 and subsequently absorbed into the Soviet Union as the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic . </P>

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