<P> Although their problems with the Charter related to its perceived liberal stance on social issues, in September 2007 the Polish government indicated that they wished to be included in the British protocol . </P> <P> There is considerable debate concerning the legal effect of the protocol . One view, shared by Jan Jirásek, is that the protocol is an opt - out that excludes the application of the Charter to Poland and the United Kingdom . Another, shared by Ingolf Pernice, is that the protocol is only an interpretative protocol which will either have limited or no legal consequence . Craig and de Burcá argue that the protocol is merely declaratory . It says that the "Charter does not extend the ability" of the ECJ or other court to overturn UK or Polish law, but the ECJ already had the power to do this in any case . Accordingly, the Protocol is "unlikely that it will have any significant effect in practice". </P> <P> In NS v Home Secretary, the European Court of Justice ruled that Article 1 (1) of Protocol "explains Article 51 of the Charter with regard to the scope thereof and does not intend to exempt the Republic of Poland or the United Kingdom from the obligation to comply with the provisions of the Charter or to prevent a court of one of those Member States from ensuring compliance with those provisions". </P> <P> Under Clause 5 (4) of the Great Repeal Bill, the Charter of Fundamental Rights will not be retained in UK law after its exit from the EU . Campaign groups such as Liberty and Amnesty International have stated this is inconsistent with the Great Repeal Bill's aim of legal certainty and the Government's promise of retaining all EU law on the date of withdrawal . </P>

Charter on fundamental rights of the european union