<P> Indian officials rejected the NPT in the 1960s on the grounds that it created a world of nuclear "haves" and "have - nots", arguing that it unnecessarily restricted "peaceful activity" (including "peaceful nuclear explosives"), and that India would not accede to international control of their nuclear facilities unless all other countries engaged in unilateral disarmament of their own nuclear weapons . The Indian position has also asserted that the NPT is in many ways a neo-colonial regime designed to deny security to post-colonial powers . Even after its 1974 test, India maintained that its nuclear capability was primarily "peaceful", but between 1988 and 1990 it apparently weaponized two dozen nuclear weapons for delivery by air . In 1998 India tested weaponized nuclear warheads ("Operation Shakti"), including a thermonuclear device . </P> <P> In July 2005, U.S. President George W. Bush and Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh announced plans to conclude an Indo - US civilian nuclear agreement . This came to fruition through a series of steps that included India's announced plan to separate its civil and military nuclear programs in March 2006, the passage of the India--United States Civil Nuclear Agreement by the U.S. Congress in December 2006, the conclusion of a U.S.--India nuclear cooperation agreement in July 2007, approval by the IAEA of an India - specific safeguards agreement, agreement by the Nuclear Suppliers Group to a waiver of export restrictions for India, approval by the U.S. Congress and culminating in the signature of U.S.--India agreement for civil nuclear cooperation in October 2008 . The U.S. State Department said it made it "very clear that we will not recognize India as a nuclear - weapon state". The United States is bound by the Hyde Act with India and may cease all cooperation with India if India detonates a nuclear explosive device . The US had further said it is not its intention to assist India in the design, construction or operation of sensitive nuclear technologies through the transfer of dual - use items . In establishing an exemption for India, the Nuclear Suppliers Group reserved the right to consult on any future issues which might trouble it . As of early 2013, India was estimated to have had a stockpile of around 90--110 warheads . </P> <P> Pakistan also is not a party to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty . Pakistan covertly developed nuclear weapons over decades, beginning in the late 1970s . Pakistan first delved into nuclear power after the establishment of its first nuclear power plant near Karachi with equipment and materials supplied mainly by western nations in the early 1970s . Pakistani President Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto promised in 1971 that if India could build nuclear weapons then Pakistan would too, according to him: "We will develop Nuclear stockpiles, even if we have to eat grass ." </P> <P> It is believed that Pakistan has possessed nuclear weapons since the mid-1980s . The United States continued to certify that Pakistan did not possess such weapons until 1990, when sanctions were imposed under the Pressler Amendment, requiring a cutoff of U.S. economic and military assistance to Pakistan . In 1998, Pakistan conducted its first six nuclear tests at the Ras Koh Hills in response to the five tests conducted by India a few weeks before . </P>

Who has the most weapons of mass destruction