<P> The scope of review of a writ of habeas corpus in extradition is meant to be limited . It is settled to cover at least inquiries on whether: (1) the extradition magistrate acquired jurisdiction over the individual and the matter; (2) the crime for which extradition is sought is included within the treaty as an extraditable offense, and (3) whether there is probable cause to commit the relator to trial . Many courts, however, have adopted an "expanded" scope of habeas review that additionally considers issues about the violation of constitutional rights . </P> <P> Petitioners in extradition cases may contest the legality of their detention though a habeas proceeding by arguing, for example, that the extradition treaty is not in force, that the alleged crime constitutes political behavior subject to exception, that the determination of extraditability by the magistrate has not been made according to the requirements of the applicable United States statutes and treaty, that the extradition procedure does not comply with the Constitution, and that the relator has not been formally charged . </P> <P> Even though the decision of the extradition magistrate cannot be appealed, the habeas corpus determination by the district court is subject to appeal to the corresponding circuit court . Thereafter, review may be sought through certiorari to the Supreme Court . </P> <P> The federal structure of the United States can pose particular problems with respect to extraditions when the police power and the power of foreign relations are held at different levels of the federal hierarchy . For instance, in the United States, most criminal prosecutions occur at the state level, and most foreign relations occur at the federal level . In fact, under the United States Constitution, foreign countries may not have official treaty relations with sub-national units such as individual states; rather, they may have treaty relations only with the federal government . As a result, a state that wishes to prosecute an individual located in a foreign country must direct its extradition request through the federal government, which will negotiate the extradition with the foreign country . However, due to the constraints of federalism, any conditions on the extradition accepted by the federal government--such as not to impose the death penalty--are not binding on individual states . </P>

What countries do not have extradition agreements with the us