<P> Since the development of domestic training facilities at the Tsukuba Space Center, training has increasingly taken place in Japan . With Japan's participation in the ISS, the training of Japanese astronauts follows a similar structure to that of other ISS partners . Astronauts carry out 1.5 years of Basic Training mainly at Tsukuba, followed by 1.5--2 years of Advanced Training at Tsukuba and ISS partner sites . Training for any international ISS astronauts involving the Kibo module will also be carried out at Tsukuba Space Center . </P> <P> Advanced Training is followed by Increment - Specific Training, which, along with any Kibo training, will be carried out at Tsukuba . EVA training for Kibo takes place in the Weightless Environment Test System (WETS). WETS is a Neutral Buoyancy Facility featuring a full - scale mock - up of the Kibo module on the ISS . The Tsukuba Space Center also includes medical facilities for assessing suitability of candidates, an isolation chamber for simulating some of the mental and emotional stressors of long duration spaceflight, and a hypobaric chamber for training in hull breach or Life Support System failure scenarios resulting in a reduction or loss of air pressure . </P> <P> Although official detail of the selection process for the Shenzhou program is not available, what is known is that candidates are chosen by the Chinese National Space Administration from the Chinese air force and must be between 25 and 30 years of age, with a minimum of 800 hours flying time, and a degree - level education . Candidates must be between 160 cm and 172 cm in height, and between 50 kg and 70 kg in weight . </P> <P> For China's Shenzhou astronauts, training begins with a year - long program of education in the basics of spaceflight . During this period, candidates are also introduced to human physiology and psychology . The second phase of training, lasting nearly 3 years involves extensive training in piloting the Shenzhou vehicle in nominal and emergency modes . The third and final stage of training is mission specific training, and lasts approximately 10 months . During this phase of training, astronauts are trained in the high fidelity Shenzhou trainer, as well as the Neutral Buoyancy Facility located at the Astronaut Center of China (ACC), in Beijing . As well as time spent in the NBF, training for EVA takes place in a high vacuum, low temperature chamber that simulates the environmental conditions of space . At all stages of training, astronauts undergo physical conditioning, including time in a human centrifuge located at the ACC, and a program of microgravity flights, carried out in Russia . </P>

What is the physical training for an astronaut