<P> The Olive Branch Petition was adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 5, 1775 in a final attempt to avoid a full - on war between Great Britain and the thirteen colonies represented in that Congress . The Congress had already authorized the invasion of Canada more than a week earlier, but the petition affirmed American loyalty to Great Britain and beseeched King George III to prevent further conflict . That the petition was followed by the July 6 Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms made its success in London improbable . In August 1775, the colonies were formally declared to be in rebellion by the Proclamation of Rebellion, and the petition was rejected by Great Britain--even though King George had refused to read the Olive Branch Petition before declaring the colonists traitors . </P> <P> The Second Continental Congress convened in May 1775, and most delegates followed John Dickinson in his quest to reconcile with King George III of Great Britain . However, a rather small group of delegates led by John Adams believed that war was inevitable . During the course of the Second Continental Congress, Adams and his allies decided that the wisest course of action was to remain quiet and wait for the opportune time to rally the people . </P> <P> This decision allowed Dickinson and his followers to pursue their own course for reconciliation . Dickinson was the primary author of the petition, though Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, John Rutledge and Thomas Johnson also served on the drafting committee . Dickinson claimed that the colonies did not want independence but wanted to more equitable trade and tax regulations . He suggested that the King devise a plan to settle trade disputes and give the colonists either free trade and taxes equal to those levied on the people of Great Britain or strict trade regulation in lieu of taxes . The introductory paragraph of the letter named twelve of the thirteen colonies, all except Georgia . The letter was approved on July 5 and signed by John Hancock, President of the Second Congress, and by representatives of the named twelve colonies . It was sent to London on July 8, 1775, in the care of Richard Penn and Arthur Lee . Dickinson hoped that news of the Battles of Lexington and Concord combined with the "humble petition" would persuade the King to respond with a counter proposal or to open negotiations . </P> <P> In a letter to a friend, Adams wrote that the petition served no purpose, that war was inevitable and that the colonies should have already raised a navy and taken British officials prisoner . His letter was intercepted by British officials and news of its contents reached Great Britain at about the same time as the petition itself . British advocates of a military response to the colonists used Adams' letter to claim that the petition itself was insincere . </P>

Why did the delegates name their document the olive branch petition