<P> Osamu Tezuka established Mushi Production in 1961, after Tezuka's contract with Toei Animation expired . The studio pioneered TV animation in Japan, and was responsible for such successful TV series as Astro Boy, Kimba the White Lion, Gokū no Daibōken and Princess Knight . </P> <P> Mushi Production also produced the first anime to be broadcast in the United States (on NBC in 1963), although Osamu Tezuka would complain about the restrictions on US television, and the alterations necessary for broadcast . </P> <P> The 1960s brought anime to television and in America . The first anime film to be broadcast was Three Tales in 1960 . The following year saw the premiere of Japan's first animated television series, Instant History, although it did not consist entirely of animation . Osamu Tezuka's Tetsuwan Atom (Astro Boy) is often miscredited as the first anime television series, premiering on January 1, 1963 . Astro Boy was highly influential to other anime in the 1960s, and was followed by a large number of anime about robots or space . </P> <P> 1963 introduced Sennin Buraku as the first "late night" anime and Toei Doga's first anime television series Wolf Boy Ken . Mushi Pro continued to produce more anime television and met success with titles such as Kimba the White Lion in 1965 . What is noted as the first magical girl anime, Sally the Witch, began broadcast in 1966 . The original Speed Racer anime television began in 1967, and was brought to the West with great success . At the same time, an anime adaptation of Tezuka's Princess Knight aired, making it one of very few shoujo anime of the decade . The first anime adaptation of Shotaro Ishinomori's manga Cyborg 009 was created in 1968, following the film adaptation two years prior . </P>

When did anime become popular in the west