<P> Don Lope Díez de Armendáriz, born in Quito, Ecuador, was the first Viceroy of New Spain who was born in the' New World' . He formed the' Navy of Barlovento' (Armada de Barlovento), based in Veracruz, to patrol coastal regions and protect the harbors, port towns, and trade ships from pirates and privateers . </P> <P> After the conquest of central Mexico, there were only two major Indian revolts challenging Spanish rule . In the Mixtón war in 1541, the viceroy Don Antonio de Mendoza led an army against an uprising by Caxcanes . In the 1680 Pueblo revolt, Indians in 24 settlements in New Mexico expelled the Spanish, who left for Texas, an exile lasting a decade . The Chichimeca war lasted over fifty years, 1550 - 1606, between the Spanish and various indigenous groups of northern New Spain, particularly in silver mining regions and the transportation trunk lines . Non-sedentary or semi-sedentary Northern Indians were difficult to control once they acquired the mobility of the horse . In 1616, the Tepehuan revolted against the Spanish, but it was relatively quickly suppressed . The Tarahumara Indians were in revolt in the mountains of Chihuahua for several years . In 1670 Chichimecas invaded Durango, and the governor, Francisco González, abandoned its defense . </P> <P> In the southern area of New Spain, the Tzeltal Maya and other indigenous groups, including the Tzotzil and Chol revolted in 1712 . It was a multiethnic revolt sparked by religious issues in several communities . In 1704 viceroy Francisco Fernández de la Cueva suppressed a rebellion of Pima Indians in Nueva Vizcaya . </P> <P> During the era of the conquest, in order to pay off the debts incurred by the conquistadors and their companies, the new Spanish governors awarded their men grants of native tribute and labor, known as encomiendas . In New Spain these grants were modeled after the tribute and corvee labor that the Mexica rulers had demanded from native communities . This system came to signify the oppression and exploitation of natives, although its originators may not have set out with such intent . In short order the upper echelons of patrons and priests in the society lived off the work of the lower classes . Due to some horrifying instances of abuse against the indigenous peoples, Bishop Bartolomé de las Casas suggested bringing black slaves to replace them . Fray Bartolomé later repented when he saw the even worse treatment given to the black slaves . </P>

Where did spain build a chain of missions to protect their rich colony of mexico