<Ul> <Li> New predictive methods for identifying active transcription factor binding sites . </Li> <Li> Identification, on the basis of bioinformatic evidence, of a widely distributed, ribosomally produced electron carrier precursor </Li> <Li> Time - lapse "moving pictures" of the human microbiome . </Li> <Li> Identification of unique adaptations adopted by segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) in their role as gut commensals . SFB are medically important because they stimulate T helper 17 cells, thought to play a key role in autoimmune disease . </Li> <Li> Identification of factors distinguishing the microbiota of healthy and diseased gut . </Li> <Li> Identification of a hitherto unrecognized dominant role of Verrucomicrobia in soil bacterial communities . </Li> <Li> Identification of factors determining the virulence potential of Gardnerella vaginalis strains in vaginosis . </Li> <Li> Identification of a link between oral microbiota and atherosclerosis . </Li> <Li> Demonstration that pathogenic species of Neisseria involved in meningitis, septicemia, and sexually transmitted disease exchange virulence factors with commensal species . </Li> </Ul> <Li> New predictive methods for identifying active transcription factor binding sites . </Li> <Li> Identification, on the basis of bioinformatic evidence, of a widely distributed, ribosomally produced electron carrier precursor </Li> <Li> Time - lapse "moving pictures" of the human microbiome . </Li>

When do humans first begin to form a microbiome