<P> In 3 - dimensional geometry, for a finite planar surface of scalar area S and unit normal n̂, the vector area S is defined as the unit normal scaled by the area: </P> <Dl> <Dd> S = n ^ S (\ displaystyle \ mathbf (S) = \ mathbf (\ hat (n)) S) </Dd> </Dl> <Dd> S = n ^ S (\ displaystyle \ mathbf (S) = \ mathbf (\ hat (n)) S) </Dd>

Vector area of a closed surface is zero