<P> Before supplements were available, the only source of vitamins for humans was from food . Then in the mid-1930s the first commercial yeast - extract vitamin B complex, and semi-synthetic vitamin C supplements as tablets became available . This was followed in the 1950s by the mass production of vitamin supplements, and of their promotion . The addition of vitamins to staple foods to fortify them has prevented many vitamin deficiencies . The use of supplements is important to treat certain health problems, and during pregnancy but is thought to be of little value in otherwise healthy people . The term vitamin is derived from the word vitamine, coined in 1912 by biochemist Casimir Funk, who isolated a complex of micronutrients essential to life, all of which he presumed to be amines . When this presumption was later determined not to be true, the "e" was dropped from the name . </P> <P> Each vitamin is typically used in multiple reactions, and therefore most have multiple functions . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Vitamin generic descriptor name </Th> <Th> Vitamer chemical name (s) (list not complete) </Th> <Th> Solubility </Th> <Th> United States Recommended dietary allowances (male / female, age 19--70) </Th> <Th> Deficiency disease </Th> <Th> Upper Intake Level (UL / day) </Th> <Th> Overdose disease </Th> <Th> Food sources </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Vitamin A </Th> <Td> Retinol, retinal, and four carotenoids including beta carotene </Td> <Td> Fat </Td> <Td> 900 μg / 700 μg </Td> <Td> Night blindness, hyperkeratosis, and keratomalacia </Td> <Td> 3,000 μg </Td> <Td> Hypervitaminosis A </Td> <Td> Liver, orange, ripe yellow fruits, leafy vegetables, carrots, pumpkin, squash, spinach, fish, soy milk, milk </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Vitamin B </Th> <Td> Thiamine </Td> <Td> Water </Td> <Td> 1.2 mg / 1.1 mg </Td> <Td> Beriberi, Wernicke - Korsakoff syndrome </Td> <Td> N / D </Td> <Td> Drowsiness or muscle relaxation with large doses . </Td> <Td> Pork, oatmeal, brown rice, vegetables, potatoes, liver, eggs </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Vitamin B </Th> <Td> Riboflavin </Td> <Td> Water </Td> <Td> 1.3 mg / 1.1 mg </Td> <Td> Ariboflavinosis, glossitis, angular stomatitis </Td> <Td> N / D </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Dairy products, bananas, popcorn, green beans, asparagus </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Vitamin B </Th> <Td> Niacin, niacinamide, Nicotinamide riboside </Td> <Td> Water </Td> <Td> 16 mg / 14 mg </Td> <Td> Pellagra </Td> <Td> 35 mg </Td> <Td> Liver damage (doses> 2g / day) and other problems </Td> <Td> Meat, fish, eggs, many vegetables, mushrooms, tree nuts </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Vitamin B </Th> <Td> Pantothenic acid </Td> <Td> Water </Td> <Td> 5 mg / 5 mg </Td> <Td> Paresthesia </Td> <Td> N / D </Td> <Td> Diarrhea; possibly nausea and heartburn . </Td> <Td> Meat, broccoli, avocados </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Vitamin B </Th> <Td> Pyridoxine, pyridoxamine, pyridoxal </Td> <Td> Water </Td> <Td> 1.3--1.7 mg / 1.2--1.5 mg </Td> <Td> Anemia peripheral neuropathy </Td> <Td> 100 mg </Td> <Td> Impairment of proprioception, nerve damage (doses> 100 mg / day) </Td> <Td> Meat, vegetables, tree nuts, bananas </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Vitamin B </Th> <Td> Biotin </Td> <Td> Water </Td> <Td> AI: 30 μg / 30 μg </Td> <Td> Dermatitis, enteritis </Td> <Td> N / D </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Raw egg yolk, liver, peanuts, leafy green vegetables </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Vitamin B </Th> <Td> Folates </Td> <Td> Water </Td> <Td> 400 μg / 400 μg </Td> <Td> Megaloblastic anemia and deficiency during pregnancy is associated with birth defects, such as neural tube defects </Td> <Td> 1,000 μg </Td> <Td> May mask symptoms of vitamin B deficiency; other effects . </Td> <Td> Leafy vegetables, pasta, bread, cereal, liver </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Vitamin B </Th> <Td> Cyanocobalamin, hydroxocobalamin, methylcobalamin, adenosylcobalamin </Td> <Td> Water </Td> <Td> 2.4 μg / 2.4 μg </Td> <Td> Pernicious anemia </Td> <Td> N / D </Td> <Td> Acne - like rash (causality is not conclusively established). </Td> <Td> Meat, poultry, fish, eggs, milk </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Vitamin C </Th> <Td> Ascorbic acid </Td> <Td> Water </Td> <Td> 90 mg / 75 mg </Td> <Td> Scurvy </Td> <Td> 2,000 mg </Td> <Td> Vitamin C megadosage </Td> <Td> Many fruits and vegetables, liver </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Vitamin D </Th> <Td> Cholecalciferol (D3), Ergocalciferol (D2) </Td> <Td> Fat </Td> <Td> 15 μg / 15 μg </Td> <Td> Rickets and osteomalacia </Td> <Td> males and females 15 μg /> 70 years 20 μg </Td> <Td> Hypervitaminosis D </Td> <Td> Fish, eggs, liver, mushrooms </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Vitamin E </Th> <Td> Tocopherols, tocotrienols </Td> <Td> Fat </Td> <Td> 15 mg / 15 mg </Td> <Td> Deficiency is very rare; sterility in males and miscarriage in females, mild hemolytic anemia in newborn infants </Td> <Td> 1,000 mg </Td> <Td> Increased congestive heart failure seen in one large randomized study . </Td> <Td> Many fruits and vegetables, nuts and seeds </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Vitamin K </Th> <Td> Phylloquinone, menaquinones </Td> <Td> Fat </Td> <Td> AI: 110 μg / 120 μg </Td> <Td> Bleeding diathesis </Td> <Td> N / D </Td> <Td> Increases coagulation in patients taking warfarin . </Td> <Td> Leafy green vegetables such as spinach; egg yolks; liver </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Th> Vitamin generic descriptor name </Th> <Th> Vitamer chemical name (s) (list not complete) </Th> <Th> Solubility </Th> <Th> United States Recommended dietary allowances (male / female, age 19--70) </Th> <Th> Deficiency disease </Th> <Th> Upper Intake Level (UL / day) </Th> <Th> Overdose disease </Th> <Th> Food sources </Th> </Tr>

What is the scientific name of vitamin k
find me the text answering this question