<P> Some have asserted that attacks are carried out by those with very strong religious convictions such as terrorists in the context of global religious war . Robert Pape, a political scientist who specializes in suicide terrorism argues that much of the modern Muslim suicide terrorism is secularly based . Although the causes of terrorism are complex, it may be safe to assume that terrorists are partially reassured by the religious views that God is on their side and that He will reward them in Heaven for punishing unbelievers . </P> <P> These conflicts are among the most difficult to resolve, particularly when both sides believe that God is on their side and that He has endorsed the moral righteousness of their claims . One of the most infamous quotes associated with religious fanaticism was uttered in 1209 during the siege of Béziers, a Crusader asked the Papal Legate Arnaud Amalric how to tell Catholics from Cathars when the city was taken, to which Amalric replied: "Caedite eos . Novit enim Dominus qui sunt eius," or "Kill them all; God will recognize his ." </P> <P> Ritual violence may be directed against victims (e.g., human and nonhuman animal sacrifice and ritual slaughter) or self - inflicted (religious self - flagellation). </P> <P> According to the hunting hypothesis, created by Walter Burkert in Homo Necans, carnivorous behavior is considered a form of violence . Burkett suggests that the anthropological phenomenon of religion grew out of rituals that were connected with hunting and the associated feelings of guilt over the violence that hunting required . </P>

Who was the first to preach about two opposing religious forces in the world