<P> It has been suggested that Mars had a much thicker, warmer atmosphere early in its history . Much of this early atmosphere would have consisted of carbon dioxide . Such an atmosphere would have raised the temperature, at least in some places, to above the freezing point of water . With the higher temperature running water could have carved out the many channels and outflow valleys that are common on the planet . It also may have gathered together to form lakes and maybe an ocean . Some researchers have suggested that the atmosphere of Mars may have been many times as thick as the Earth's; however research published in September 2015 advanced the idea that perhaps the early Martian atmosphere was not as thick as previously thought . </P> <P> Currently, the atmosphere is very thin . For many years, it was assumed that as with the Earth, most of the early carbon dioxide was locked up in minerals, called carbonates . However, despite the use of many orbiting instruments that looked for carbonates, very few carbonate deposits have been found . Today, it is thought that much of the carbon dioxide in the Martian air was removed by the solar wind . Researchers have discovered a two - step process that sends the gas into space . Ultraviolet light from the Sun could strike a carbon dioxide molecule, breaking it into carbon monoxide and oxygen . A second photon of ultraviolet light could subsequently break the carbon monoxide into oxygen and carbon which would get enough energy to escape the planet . In this process the light isotope of carbon (C 12) would be most likely to leave the atmosphere . Hence, the carbon dioxide left in the atmosphere would be enriched with the heavy isotope (C 13). This higher level of the heavy isotope is what was found by the Curiosity rover on Mars . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan="14"> hide Climate data for Gale Crater (2012--2015) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Month </Th> <Th> Jan </Th> <Th> Feb </Th> <Th> Mar </Th> <Th> Apr </Th> <Th> May </Th> <Th> Jun </Th> <Th> Jul </Th> <Th> Aug </Th> <Th> Sep </Th> <Th> Oct </Th> <Th> Nov </Th> <Th> Dec </Th> <Th> Year </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Record high ° C (° F) </Th> <Td> 6 (43) </Td> <Td> 6 (43) </Td> <Td> (34) </Td> <Td> 0 (32) </Td> <Td> 7 (45) </Td> <Td> 14 (57) </Td> <Td> 20 (68) </Td> <Td> 19 (66) </Td> <Td> 7 (45) </Td> <Td> 7 (45) </Td> <Td> 8 (46) </Td> <Td> 8 (46) </Td> <Td> 20 (68) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Average high ° C (° F) </Th> <Td> − 7 (19) </Td> <Td> − 18 (0) </Td> <Td> − 23 (− 9) </Td> <Td> − 20 (− 4) </Td> <Td> − 4 (25) </Td> <Td> 0.0 (32) </Td> <Td> (36) </Td> <Td> (34) </Td> <Td> (34) </Td> <Td> (39) </Td> <Td> − 1 (30) </Td> <Td> − 3 (27) </Td> <Td> − 5.7 (21.7) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Average low ° C (° F) </Th> <Td> − 82 (− 116) </Td> <Td> − 86 (− 123) </Td> <Td> − 88 (− 126) </Td> <Td> − 87 (− 125) </Td> <Td> − 85 (− 121) </Td> <Td> − 78 (− 108) </Td> <Td> − 76 (− 105) </Td> <Td> − 69 (− 92) </Td> <Td> − 68 (− 90) </Td> <Td> − 73 (− 99) </Td> <Td> − 73 (− 99) </Td> <Td> − 77 (− 107) </Td> <Td> − 78.5 (− 109.3) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Record low ° C (° F) </Th> <Td> − 95 (− 139) </Td> <Td> − 127 (− 197) </Td> <Td> − 114 (− 173) </Td> <Td> − 97 (− 143) </Td> <Td> − 98 (− 144) </Td> <Td> − 125 (− 193) </Td> <Td> − 84 (− 119) </Td> <Td> − 80 (− 112) </Td> <Td> − 78 (− 108) </Td> <Td> − 79 (− 110) </Td> <Td> − 83 (− 117) </Td> <Td> − 110 (− 166) </Td> <Td> − 127 (− 197) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="14"> Source: Centro de Astrobiología, Mars Weather, NASA Quest, SpaceDaily </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan="14"> hide Climate data for Gale Crater (2012--2015) </Th> </Tr>

What is the range of temperature on mars
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