<P> The Italian opera composer Giacomo Puccini used an extract of the melody in writing the aria "Dovunque al mondo ..." in 1904 for his work Madama Butterfly . </P> <P> The song gained popularity throughout the 19th century and bands played it during public events, such as July 4th celebrations . </P> <P> A plaque displayed at Fort Meade, South Dakota, claims that the idea of making "The Star Spangled Banner" the national anthem began on their parade ground in 1892 . Colonel Caleb Carlton, Post Commander, established the tradition that the song be played "at retreat and at the close of parades and concerts ." Carlton explained the custom to Governor Sheldon of South Dakota who "promised me that he would try to have the custom established among the state militia ." Carlton wrote that after a similar discussion, Secretary of War, Daniel E. Lamont issued an order that it "be played at every Army post every evening at retreat ." </P> <P> In 1899, the US Navy officially adopted "The Star - Spangled Banner". In 1916, President Woodrow Wilson ordered that "The Star - Spangled Banner" be played at military and other appropriate occasions . The playing of the song two years later during the seventh - inning stretch of Game One of the 1918 World Series, and thereafter during each game of the series is often cited as the first instance that the anthem was played at a baseball game, though evidence shows that the "Star - Spangled Banner" was performed as early as 1897 at opening day ceremonies in Philadelphia and then more regularly at the Polo Grounds in New York City beginning in 1898 . In any case, the tradition of performing the national anthem before every baseball game began in World War II . </P>

What does the us flag and anthem represent