<P> Many distinct monastic orders developed within Roman Catholicism and Protestantism . Monastic communities in the West, broadly speaking, are organized into orders and congregations guided by a particular religious rule, such as the Rule of St Augustine or especially Rule of St Benedict . Eastern Orthodoxy does not have a system of orders per se, though some of the Eastern Catholic Churches do . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Part of a series on </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Christian mysticism </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Theology Philosophy (show) <Ul> <Li> Apophatic </Li> <Li> Ascetical </Li> <Li> Cataphatic </Li> <Li> Catholic spirituality </Li> <Li> Hellenistic </Li> <Li> Mystical theology </Li> <Li> Neoplatonic <Ul> <Li> Henosis </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Practices (show) <Dl> <Dt> Monasticism </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Monasticism </Li> <Li> Asceticism </Li> <Li> Spiritual direction </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dt> Meditation </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Meditation </Li> <Li> Lectio Divina </Li> <Li> Invoking of Mystic Saints </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dt> Active ascetism </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Contemplation <Ul> <Li> Hesychasm </Li> <Li> Jesus prayer </Li> <Li> Quietism </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Stages of Christian perfection </Li> <Li> Divinization <Ul> <Li> Catharsis </Li> <Li> Theosis </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Kenosis </Li> <Li> Spiritual dryness </Li> <Li> Religious ecstasy </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dt> Passive ascetism </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Abstinence </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> People (by era or century) (show) <Table> <Tr> <Td> Antiquity (show) <Ul> <Li> Ancient African </Li> <Li> Origen </Li> <Li> Gregory of Nyssa </Li> <Li> Pseudo-Dionysius </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Desert Fathers (show) <Ul> <Li> Paul of Thebes </Li> <Li> Anthony the Great </Li> <Li> Arsenius the Great </Li> <Li> Poemen </Li> <Li> Macarius of Egypt </Li> <Li> Moses the Black </Li> <Li> Syncletica </Li> <Li> Athanasius </Li> <Li> John Chrysostom </Li> <Li> Hilarion </Li> <Li> John Cassian </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 11th 12th (show) <Ul> <Li> Bernard of Clairvaux </Li> <Li> Guigo II </Li> <Li> Hildegard of Bingen </Li> <Li> Symeon the New Theologian </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 13th 14th (show) <Table> <Tr> <Th> Dominican </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Dominic de Guzmán </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Franciscan </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Francis of Assisi </Li> <Li> Anthony of Padua </Li> <Li> Bonaventure </Li> <Li> Jacopone da Todi </Li> <Li> Angela of Foligno </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> English </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Richard Rolle </Li> <Li> Walter Hilton </Li> <Li> Julian of Norwich </Li> <Li> Margery Kempe </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Flemish </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Hadewijch </Li> <Li> Beatrice of Nazareth </Li> <Li> Lutgardis </Li> <Li> John of Ruysbroeck </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> German </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Meister Eckhart </Li> <Li> Johannes Tauler </Li> <Li> Henry Suso </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Female </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Beatrice of Nazareth </Li> <Li> Bridget of Sweden </Li> <Li> Catherine of Siena </Li> <Li> Mechthild of Magdeburg </Li> <Li> Marguerite Porete </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 15th 16th (show) <Table> <Tr> <Th> Spanish </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Ignatius of Loyola </Li> <Li> Francisco de Osuna </Li> <Li> John of Ávila </Li> <Li> Teresa of Ávila </Li> <Li> John of the Cross </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Others </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Catherine of Genoa </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 17th 18th (show) <Table> <Tr> <Th> French </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Margaret Mary Alacoque </Li> <Li> Pierre de Bérulle </Li> <Li> Jean - Jacques Olier </Li> <Li> Louis de Montfort </Li> <Li> Charles de Condren </Li> <Li> John Eudes </Li> <Li> John of St. Samson </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Others </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> María de Ágreda </Li> <Li> Anne Catherine Emmerich </Li> <Li> Veronica Giuliani </Li> <Li> Francis de Sales </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 19th (show) <Ul> <Li> Dina Bélanger </Li> <Li> Catherine Labouré </Li> <Li> Mélanie Calvat </Li> <Li> Maximin Giraud </Li> <Li> Bernadette Soubirous </Li> <Li> Conchita de Armida </Li> <Li> Luisa Piccarreta </Li> <Li> Mary of the Divine Heart </Li> <Li> Thérèse of Lisieux </Li> <Li> Gemma Galgani </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 20th (show) <Ul> <Li> Padre Pio </Li> <Li> Therese Neumann </Li> <Li> Marthe Robin </Li> <Li> Adrienne von Speyr </Li> <Li> Alexandrina of Balazar </Li> <Li> Faustina Kowalska </Li> <Li> Berthe Petit </Li> <Li> Sister Lúcia of Fátima </Li> <Li> Edgar Cayce </Li> <Li> Simone Weil </Li> <Li> Alfred Delp </Li> <Li> Thomas Merton </Li> <Li> Charles de Foucauld </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Contemporary papal views (show) Aspects of meditation (Orationis Formas, 1989) Reflection on the New Age (2003) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Literature Media (show) <Ul> <Li> Lingua Ignota </Li> <Li> Ordo Virtutum </Li> <Li> Scivias </Li> <Li> Ascent of Mount Carmel </Li> <Li> Dark Night of the Soul </Li> <Li> Spiritual Canticle </Li> <Li> Way of Perfection </Li> <Li> Book of the First Monks </Li> <Li> The Interior Castle </Li> <Li> Abbey of the Holy Ghost </Li> <Li> A Dialogue of Comfort against Tribulation </Li> <Li> Diary: Divine Mercy in My Soul </Li> <Li> From Willow Creek to Sacred Heart </Li> <Li> The Glories of Mary </Li> <Li> The Imitation of Christ </Li> <Li> The Ladder of Divine Ascent </Li> <Li> Philokalia </Li> <Li> Revelations of Divine Love </Li> <Li> Spiritual Canticle </Li> <Li> The Story of a Soul </Li> <Li> Theologia Germanica </Li> <Li> Devotio Moderna </Li> <Li> The Miracle of Our Lady of Fatima </Li> <Li> Sol de Fátima </Li> <Li> The Cloud of Unknowing </Li> <Li> The Consolation of Philosophy </Li> <Li> The Mirror of Simple Souls </Li> <Li> Sister Catherine Treatise </Li> <Li> Tractatus de Purgatorio Sancti Patricii </Li> <Li> The Vision of Adamnán </Li> <Li> Divine Comedy <Ul> <Li> Inferno </Li> <Li> Purgatorio </Li> <Li> Paradiso </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Td> Part of a series on </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Christian mysticism </Th> </Tr>

Who is regarded as the founder of christian monasticism