<Dl> <Dd> k ∝ exp ⁡ (Δ ‡ S ⊖ R) exp ⁡ (− Δ ‡ H ⊖ R T) (\ displaystyle k \ propto \ exp \ left ((\ frac (\ Delta ^ (\ ddagger) S ^ (\ ominus)) (R)) \ right) \ exp \ left ((\ frac (- \ Delta ^ (\ ddagger) H ^ (\ ominus)) (RT)) \ right)) </Dd> </Dl> <Dd> k ∝ exp ⁡ (Δ ‡ S ⊖ R) exp ⁡ (− Δ ‡ H ⊖ R T) (\ displaystyle k \ propto \ exp \ left ((\ frac (\ Delta ^ (\ ddagger) S ^ (\ ominus)) (R)) \ right) \ exp \ left ((\ frac (- \ Delta ^ (\ ddagger) H ^ (\ ominus)) (RT)) \ right)) </Dd> <P> However, the nature of the constant was still unclear . </P> <P> In early 1900, Max Trautz and William Lewis studied the rate of the reaction using collision theory, based on the kinetic theory of gases . Collision theory treats reacting molecules as hard spheres colliding with one another; this theory neglects entropy changes, since it assumes that the collision between molecules are completely elastic . </P>

Which of the following is increased by decreasing the volume of the reaction system