<P> The Allotment era resulted in the loss of over two thirds of tribally entrusted lands from 138 million acres (558,000 km2) in 1871 to 48 million acres (190,000 km2) in 1934 . This was mainly due to leasing, and eventually selling, tribal lands to white settlers . Allotment did not work, because it was not something Indians were used to . They did not view the land as something to own . Instead, they viewed it as their home . </P> <P> Between the end of the Franklin D. Roosevelt era and the beginning of the John F. Kennedy administration, less traditional Native Americans, congressional leaders, and government administrators, developed a policy that they hoped would integrate the Indian population with mainstream America . To this end, they enacted laws to terminate the government's trusteeship of Indian lands and relocate Indians to the nation's cities . They believed that once Indians left the reservation, they would have opportunities for education, employment and assimilation....</P> <P> In the early 1960s, President John F. Kennedy wanted the Indian tribes to be recognized as independent nations governing themselves . He promised the Indian tribes that treaties made prior to 1960 would be recognized by the federal government and that their rights as Indian people would be protected . </P> <P> This was realized when the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA) was passed in 1971 . The ANCSA allowed for the Alaskan Natives to be given 40 million acres (160,000 km) of land, federal payments of 462.5 million dollars over eleven years, and another 500 million dollars to help with mineral development in Alaska . All this was in exchange for the Alaskans giving up their claim to the land . The act also allowed the Alaskan tribe to have freedom from the Bureau of Indian Affairs . </P>

What were the indian policies during the gilded age