<P> The first commercially made electronic television sets with cathode ray tubes were manufactured by Telefunken in Germany in 1934 . </P> <P> Flat panel displays dropped in price and started significantly displacing cathode ray tubes in the 2000s, with LCD screens exceeding CRTs in 2008 . The last known manufacturer of (in this case, recycled) CRTs ceased in 2015 . </P> <P> In oscilloscope CRTs, electrostatic deflection is used, rather than the magnetic deflection commonly used with television and other large CRTs . The beam is deflected horizontally by applying an electric field between a pair of plates to its left and right, and vertically by applying an electric field to plates above and below . Televisions use magnetic rather than electrostatic deflection because the deflection plates obstruct the beam when the deflection angle is as large as is required for tubes that are relatively short for their size . </P> <P> Various phosphors are available depending upon the needs of the measurement or display application . The brightness, color, and persistence of the illumination depends upon the type of phosphor used on the CRT screen . Phosphors are available with persistences ranging from less than one microsecond to several seconds . For visual observation of brief transient events, a long persistence phosphor may be desirable . For events which are fast and repetitive, or high frequency, a short - persistence phosphor is generally preferable . </P>

A certain type of glass is used in making flat-panel computer monitors