<P> Indian cotton textiles, particularly those from Bengal, continued to maintain a competitive advantage up until the 19th century . In order to compete with India, Britain invested in labour - saving technical progress, while implementing protectionist policies such as bans and tariffs to restrict Indian imports . At the same time, the EIC's rule in India contributed to its deindustrialization, opening up a new market for British goods, while the capital amassed from Bengal after its 1757 conquest was used to invest in British industries such as textile manufacturing and greatly increase British wealth, contributing to Britain's Industrial Revolution . Britain eventually surpassed India as the world's leading cotton textile manufacturer in the 19th century . </P> <P> During the 18th and 19th centuries, much of the imported cotton came from slave plantations in the Southern United States . In periods of political uncertainty in North America, during the Revolutionary War and later American Civil War, however, Britain relied more heavily on imports from the colonial Indian British Raj to feed its cotton manufacturing industry . Ports on the west coast of Britain, such as Liverpool, Bristol, and Glasgow, became important in determining the sites of the cotton industry . </P> <P> Lancashire became a centre for the nascent cotton industry because the damp climate was better for spinning the yarn . As the cotton thread was not strong enough to use as warp, wool or linen or fustian had to be used . Lancashire was an existing wool centre . Likewise, Glasgow benefited from the same damp climate . </P> <P> The early advances in weaving had been halted by the lack of thread . The spinning process was slow and the weavers needed more cotton and wool thread than their families could produce . In the 1760s, James Hargreaves improved thread production when he invented the Spinning Jenny . By the end of the decade, Richard Arkwright had developed the water frame . This invention had two important consequences: it improved the quality of the thread, which meant that the cotton industry was no longer dependent on wool or linen to make the warp, and it took spinning away from the artisans' homes to specific locations where fast - flowing streams could provide the water power needed to drive the larger machines . The Western Pennines of Lancashire became the centre for the cotton industry . Not long after the invention of the water frame, Samuel Crompton combined the principals of the Spinning Jenny and the Water Frame to produce his Spinning Mule . This provided even tougher and finer cotton thread . </P>

Who created the cotton mill how did it help in improving the production