<P> The Sanskrit version of the Panchatantra text gives names to the animal characters, but these names are creative with double meanings . The names connote the character observable in nature but also map a human personality that a reader can readily identify . For example, the deer characters are presented as a metaphor for charming, innocent, peaceful and tranquil personality who is a target for those who seek a prey to exploit, while crocodiles are presented as a symbolism for those with dangerous intent hiding beneath welcoming ambiance (waters of a lotus flower - laden pond). Dozens of different types of wildlife found in India are thus named, and they constitute an array of symbolic characters in the Panchatantra . Thus, the names of the animals evoke layered meaning that resonates with the reader, and the same story can be read at different levels . </P> <P> The work has gone through many different versions and translations from the sixth century to the present day . The original Indian version was first translated into a foreign language (Pahlavi) by Borzūya in 570CE, then into Arabic in 750 . This Arabic version was translated into several languages, including Syriac, Greek, Persian, Hebrew and Spanish, and thus became the source of versions in European languages, until the English translation by Charles Wilkins of the Sanskrit Hitopadesha in 1787 . </P> <P> The Panchatantra approximated its current literary form within the 4th--6th centuries CE, though originally written around 200 BCE . No Sanskrit texts before 1000 CE have survived . Buddhist monks on pilgrimage to India took the influential Sanskrit text (probably both in oral and literary formats) north to Tibet and China and east to South East Asia . These led to versions in all Southeast Asian countries, including Tibetan, Chinese, Mongolian, Javanese and Lao derivatives . </P> <P> The Panchatantra also migrated into the Middle East, through Iran, during the Sassanid reign of Anoushiravan . Around 550 CE his notable physician Borzuy (Burzuwaih) translated the work from Sanskrit into the Pahlavi (Middle Persian language). He transliterated the main characters as Karirak ud Damanak . </P>

Mitra bheda are different chapters of which ancient text