<Table> Reconstruction Era 1865--1877 <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> The ruins of Richmond, Virginia after the American Civil War, newly freed African Americans voting for the first time in 1867, Office of the Freedmen's Bureau in Memphis, Tennessee, Memphis Riots of 1866 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> January 1, 1863 (1863 - 01 - 01) to March 31, 1877 (1877 - 03 - 31) (14 years, 2 months and 30 days) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> United States, Southern United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Also known as </Th> <Td> Reconstruction; Radical Reconstruction </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> The ruins of Richmond, Virginia after the American Civil War, newly freed African Americans voting for the first time in 1867, Office of the Freedmen's Bureau in Memphis, Tennessee, Memphis Riots of 1866 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> January 1, 1863 (1863 - 01 - 01) to March 31, 1877 (1877 - 03 - 31) (14 years, 2 months and 30 days) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> United States, Southern United States </Td> </Tr>

When did the reconstruction period begin and end