<Li> Csus ♭ 9 → C phrygian </Li> <Li> C - → C Aeolian mode (natural minor) </Li> <Li> C / C - 7 ♭ 5 → C Locrian </Li> <P> One of the key concepts of improvisation in Bebop and subsequent jazz eras is targeting, a technique used by sax player and composer Charlie Parker . The main idea of targeting in solo improvisation is "landing" on the tones of a chord . A chord is built up of a root (1st) and the notes a 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, 11th and 13th above the root in the scale . There are a number of ways to target a chord tone . The first is by ascending or descending chromatic approach (chromatic targeting). This means playing the note a semitone above or below one of the chord tones . In the key of C, the notes in the tonic chord are C (1st or root of chord), E (3rd), G (5th), and B (7th). So by playing an E flat at the end of a line then resolving (moving up a semitone) to an E, this would be one basic example of targeting and would be targeting the third of the chord (E ♮). This may be used with any factor of any type of chord, but rhythm is played so that the chord tones fall on the downbeats . </P>

Who did more for the development of solo improvisation in early jazz