<Li> European phenomenology of Franz Brentano, Edmund Husserl, Martin Heidegger, and Maurice Merleau - Ponty . </Li> <Li> The existentialism of Kierkegaard over that of Sartre, rejecting nihilism . </Li> <Li> Carl Jung's psychology, particularly the polarities concept . </Li> <Li> Some elements from Zen Buddhism . </Li>

Oaklander described the process of gestalt therapy as like