<P> Recent energy policy incentives have provided, among other things, billions of dollars in tax reductions for nuclear power, fossil fuel production, clean coal technologies, renewable electricity production, and conservation and efficiency improvements . </P> <P> Ceasing to issue new leases for fossil fuel extraction on federal lands and waters, and avoiding renewals of existing leases for resources that are not yet producing would reduce global CO emissions by 100 million tonnes per year by 2030, and by greater amounts thereafter . </P> <P> Long distance electric power transmission results in energy loss, through electrical resistance, heat generation, electromagnetic induction and less - than - perfect electrical insulation . In 1995, these losses were estimated at 7.2% . Energy generation and distribution can be more efficient the closer it is to the point of use, if conducted in a high - efficiency generator, such as a CHP . In the generation and delivery of electrical power, system losses along the delivery chain are pronounced . Of five units of energy going into most large power plants, only about one unit of energy is delivered to the consumer in a usable form . </P> <P> A similar situation exists in gas transport, where compressor stations along pipelines use energy to keep the gas moving, or where gas liquefaction / cooling / regasification in the liquiefied natural gas supply chain uses a substantial amount of energy, even though the scale of the loss is not as pronounced as it is in electricity . </P>

Which of the following directly controls have dominated american air pollution policy