<P> This article examines recycling in the United States . In 2012, the recycling rate in US was 34.5% . Since there is no national law that mandates recycling, state and local governments often introduce recycling requirements . A number of U.S. states, including California, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Iowa, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New York, Oregon, and Vermont have passed laws that establish deposits or refund values on beverage containers while other jurisdictions rely on recycling goals or landfill bans of recyclable materials . </P> <P> On a national level, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) oversees a variety of waste issues . These include regulation of hazardous wastes, landfill regulations, and setting recycling goals . More specific recycling legislation is localized through city or state governments . Further regulation is reserved for individual states to create . State regulation falls into two major categories: landfill bans and recycling goals . Landfill bans make it illegal to dispose of enumerated items in a landfill . Most often these items include yard waste, oil, and recyclables easily collected in curbside recycling programs . States with landfill bans of recyclables include Wisconsin, Minnesota, Michigan, and North Carolina . Other states focus on recycling goals . These include California and Illinois . Some ways that states encourage recycling of specific drink containers is by passing a bottle bill . </P> <P> A number of U.S. states, such as California, Hawaii, Oregon, Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Vermont, Massachusetts, Iowa, Michigan, and New York have passed these laws that establish deposits or refund values on beverage containers in order to promote reuse and recycling . Most are five cents per can or bottle . Michigan's deposit is 10 cents and has been since 1976 . </P> <P> Some cities, such as Seattle, and states like Connecticut, have created mandatory recycling laws that may fine citizens who throw away certain recyclable materials . Vermont also employed a landfill ban of recyclable materials, food and yard waste, and wood . There are also voluntary programs and educational programs to increase recycling where it is not mandated by law . </P>

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