<P> In healthcare, Carper's fundamental ways of knowing is a typology that attempts to classify the different sources from which knowledge and beliefs in professional practice (originally specifically nursing) can be or have been derived . It was proposed by Barbara A. Carper, a professor at the College of Nursing at Texas Woman's University, in 1978 . </P> <P> The typology identifies four fundamental "patterns of knowing": </P> <Dl> <Dt> Empirical </Dt> <Dd> Factual knowledge from science, or other external sources, that can be empirically verified . </Dd> <Dt> Personal </Dt> <Dd> Knowledge and attitudes derived from personal self - understanding and empathy, including imagining one's self in the patient's position . </Dd> <Dt> Ethical </Dt> <Dd> Attitudes and knowledge derived from an ethical framework, including an awareness of moral questions and choices . </Dd> <Dt> Aesthetic </Dt> <Dd> Awareness of the immediate situation, seated in immediate practical action; including awareness of the patient and their circumstances as uniquely individual, and of the combined wholeness of the situation . (Aesthetic in this sense is used to mean "relating to the here and now", from the Greek αἰσθάνομαι (aisthanomai), meaning "I perceive, feel, sense"; the reference is not to the consideration of beauty, art and taste). </Dd> </Dl>

Differentiate between and describe examples of the four ways of knowing identified by carper