<P> A correlation between maternal exposure to CO and low birth weight has been reported that the effect on birth weight of increased ambient CO was as large as the effect of the mother smoking a pack of cigarettes per day during pregnancy . It has been revealed that adverse reproductive effects (e.g., risk for LBW) were correlated with maternal exposure to air pollution combustion emissions in Eastern Europe and North America . Mercury is a known toxic heavy metal that can harm fetal growth and health, and there has been evidence showing that exposure to mercury (via consumption of large oily fish) during pregnancy may be related to higher risks of LBW in the offspring . </P> <P> It was revealed that, exposure of pregnant women to airplane noise was found to be associated with low birth weight . Aircraft noise exposure caused adverse effects on fetal growth leading to low birth weight and preterm infants . </P> <P> Low birthweight, pre-term birth and pre-eclampsia have been associated with maternal periodontitis exposure . But the strength of the observed associations is inconsistent and vary according to the population studied, the means of periodontal assessment and the periodontal disease classification employed . However the best is that the risk of low birth weight can be reduced with very simple therapy . Treatment of periodontal disease during gestation period is safe and reduction in inflammatory burden reduces the risk of preterm birth as well as low birth weight . </P> <P> LBW is closely associated with fetal and Perinatal mortality and Morbidity, inhibited growth and cognitive development, and chronic diseases later in life . At the population level, the proportion of babies with a LBW is an indicator of a multifaceted public - health problem that includes long - term maternal malnutrition, ill health, hard work and poor health care in pregnancy . On an individual basis, LBW is an important predictor of newborn health and survival and is associated with higher risk of infant and childhood mortality . </P>

When is low birth weight most commonly diagnosed