<P> Efforts to develop blood substitutes have been driven by a desire to replace blood transfusion in emergency situations, in places where infectious disease is endemic and the risk of contaminated blood products is high, where refrigeration to preserve blood may be lacking, and where it might not be possible or convenient to find blood type matches . </P> <P> Efforts having focused on molecules that can carry oxygen, and most work has focused on recombinant haemoglobin, which normally carries oxygen, and perfluorocarbons (PFC), chemical compounds which can carry and release oxygen . </P> <P> The first approved oxygen - carrying blood substitute was a perfluorocarbon - based product called Fluosol - DA - 20, manufactured by Green Cross of Japan . It was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1989 . Because of limited success, complexity of use and side effects, it was withdrawn in 1994 . However, Fluosol - DA remains the only oxygen therapeutic ever fully approved by the FDA . As of 2017 no haemoglobin - based product had been approved . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . (February 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) </Td> </Tr> </Table>

When was the first synthetic blood approved for human use