<Tr> <Th> Designer </Th> <Td> Victor D. Brenner </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Design date </Th> <Td> 1909 </Td> </Tr> <P> 1943 steel cents are U.S. one - cent coins that were struck in steel due to wartime shortages of copper . The Philadelphia, Denver, and San Francisco mints each produced these 1943 Lincoln cents . The unique composition of the coin (low - grade steel coated with zinc, instead of the previously 95% - copper - based bronze composition) has led to various nicknames, such as wartime cent, steel war penny, and steelie . The 1943 steel cent features the same Victor David Brenner design for the Lincoln cent which had been in use since 1909 . </P> <P> Due to wartime needs of copper for use in ammunition and other military equipment during World War II, the United States Mint researched various ways to limit dependence and meet conservation goals on copper usage . After trying out several substitutes (ranging from other metals to plastics) to replace the then - standard bronze alloy, the one - cent coin was minted in zinc - coated steel . This alloy caused the new coins to be magnetic and 13% lighter . They were struck at all three mints: Philadelphia, Denver, and San Francisco . As with the bronze cents, coins from the latter two sites have respectively "D" and "S" mintmarks below the date . </P>

What were pennies made of during world war 2