<P> Oncotic pressure, or colloid osmotic pressure, is a form of osmotic pressure exerted by proteins, notably albumin, in a blood vessel's plasma (blood / liquid) that usually tends to pull water into the circulatory system . It is the opposing force to hydrostatic pressure . It has a major effect on the pressure across the glomerular filter . However, this concept has been strongly criticised and the attention shifts to the impact of the intravascular glycocalyx layer as major player . </P> <P> Throughout the body, dissolved compounds have an osmotic pressure . Because large plasma proteins cannot easily cross through the capillary walls, their effect on the osmotic pressure of the capillary interiors will, to some extent, balance out the tendency for fluid to leak out of the capillaries . In other words, the oncotic pressure tends to pull fluid into the capillaries . In conditions where plasma proteins are reduced, e.g. from being lost in the urine (proteinuria) or from malnutrition, there will be a reduction in oncotic pressure and an increase in filtration across the capillary, resulting in excess fluid buildup in the tissues (edema). </P> <P> The large majority of oncotic pressure in capillaries is generated by the presence of high quantities of albumin, a protein that constitutes approximately 80% of the total oncotic pressure exerted by blood plasma on interstitial fluid . The total oncotic pressure of an average capillary is about 28 mmHg with albumin contributing approximately 22 mmHg of this oncotic pressure . Because blood proteins cannot escape through capillary endothelium, oncotic pressure of capillary beds tends to draw water into the vessels . It is necessary to understand the oncotic pressure as a balance; because the blood proteins reduce interior permeability, less plasma fluid can exit the vessel . </P>

Osmotic pressure of blood is mainly due to
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