<Tr> <Th_colspan="2"> Yue: Cantonese </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Yale Romanization </Th> <Td> Ching Chiu </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> IPA </Th> <Td> (tshéŋ tshȉːu) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Jyutping </Th> <Td> Cing ciu </Td> </Tr>

The purpose of chinese imperialism under the qing dynasty was primarily