<P> The entity--relationship model proposes a technique that produces entity--relationship diagrams (ERDs), which can be employed to capture information about data model entity types, relationships and cardinality . A Crow's foot shows a one - to - many relationship . Alternatively a single line represents a one - to - one relationship . </P> <P> In the object - oriented application programming paradigm, which is decidedly marginal to database structure design, UML class diagrams may be used for object modeling (which should subsequently be mapped to a proper data modeling method). In that case, object relationships are modeled using UML associations, and multiplicity is used on those associations to denote cardinality . Here are some examples: </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Relationship </Td> <Td> Example </Td> <Td> left </Td> <Td> right </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> one - to - one </Td> <Td> person ← → id card </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> one - to - many (optional on one side) </Td> <Td> person ← → driving license </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0...1 or? </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> many - to - one </Td> <Td> person ← → birth place </Td> <Td> 1...* or + </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> many - to - many (optional on both sides) </Td> <Td> person ← → book </Td> <Td> 0...* or * </Td> <Td> 0...* or * </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Td> Relationship </Td> <Td> Example </Td> <Td> left </Td> <Td> right </Td> </Tr>

Identify all of the cardinalities and describe their characteristics and uses