<P> In recent years, Poland's population has decreased due to an increase in emigration and a decline in the birth rate . Since Poland's accession to the European Union, a significant number of Poles have emigrated, primarily to the United Kingdom, Germany and Ireland in search of better work opportunities abroad . With better economic conditions and Polish salaries at 70% of the EU average in 2016, this trend started to decrease in the 2010s and workforce became needed in the country . As a result, the Polish Minister of Development Mateusz Morawiecki suggested that Poles abroad should return to Poland . </P> <P> Polish minorities are still present in the neighboring countries of Ukraine, Belarus, and Lithuania, as well as in other countries (see Poles for population numbers). Altogether, the number of ethnic Poles living abroad is estimated to be around 20 million . The largest number of Poles outside of Poland can be found in the United States and Germany . The total fertility rate (TFR) in Poland was estimated in 2013 at 1.33 children born to a woman . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan="10"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Largest cities or towns in Poland Central Statistical Office population report for 2016 </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Th> Rank </Th> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> Voivodeship </Th> <Th> Pop . </Th> <Th> Rank </Th> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> Voivodeship </Th> <Th> Pop . </Th> <Th> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Warsaw Kraków </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Warsaw </Td> <Td> Masovian </Td> <Td> 1,748,916 </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> Białystok </Td> <Td> Podlaskie </Td> <Td> 296,310 </Td> <Td> Łódź Wrocław </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Kraków </Td> <Td> Lesser Poland </Td> <Td> 762,448 </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> Gdynia </Td> <Td> Pomeranian </Td> <Td> 247,329 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Łódź </Td> <Td> Łódź </Td> <Td> 698,688 </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> Częstochowa </Td> <Td> Silesian </Td> <Td> 227,270 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wrocław </Td> <Td> Lower Silesian </Td> <Td> 637,075 </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> Radom </Td> <Td> Masovian </Td> <Td> 215,653 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> Poznań </Td> <Td> Greater Poland </Td> <Td> 541,561 </Td> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> Sosnowiec </Td> <Td> Silesian </Td> <Td> 206,516 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> Gdańsk </Td> <Td> Pomeranian </Td> <Td> 462,996 </Td> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> Toruń </Td> <Td> Kuyavian - Pomeranian </Td> <Td> 202,591 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> Szczecin </Td> <Td> West Pomeranian </Td> <Td> 405,413 </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> Kielce </Td> <Td> Świętokrzyskie </Td> <Td> 197,724 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> Bydgoszcz </Td> <Td> Kuyavian - Pomeranian </Td> <Td> 354,990 </Td> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> Rzeszów </Td> <Td> Subcarpathian </Td> <Td> 187,027 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> Lublin </Td> <Td> Lublin </Td> <Td> 340,745 </Td> <Td> 19 </Td> <Td> Gliwice </Td> <Td> Silesian </Td> <Td> 182,969 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> Katowice </Td> <Td> Silesian </Td> <Td> 299,012 </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> Zabrze </Td> <Td> Silesian </Td> <Td> 175,882 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan="10"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Largest cities or towns in Poland Central Statistical Office population report for 2016 </Th> </Tr>

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