<Dl> <Dd> National honour, the reputation of republican government, and the continuing supremacy of the Republican party had seemed to be at stake...National honour had (now) been satisfied...Americans celebrated the end of the struggle with a brilliant burst of national pride . They felt that they had fought a second war for independence, and had won . If little had been gained, nothing had been lost in a contest the greatest imperial power on the earth . </Dd> </Dl> <Dd> National honour, the reputation of republican government, and the continuing supremacy of the Republican party had seemed to be at stake...National honour had (now) been satisfied...Americans celebrated the end of the struggle with a brilliant burst of national pride . They felt that they had fought a second war for independence, and had won . If little had been gained, nothing had been lost in a contest the greatest imperial power on the earth . </Dd> <P> It is not clear whether the British acknowledged American honor, because when peace was signed, impressment remained legal . Nevertheless, the practice ended because the Napoleonic wars had ended and the Royal Navy no longer required as many men . </P> <P> The failure of Jefferson's embargo and Madison's economic coercion, according to Horsman, "made war or absolute submission to England the only alternatives, and the latter presented more terrors to the recent colonists . The war hawks came from the West and the South, regions that had supported economic warfare and were suffering the most from British restrictions at sea . The merchants of New England earned large profits from the wartime carrying trade, in spite of the numerous captures by both France and England, but the western and southern farmers, who looked longingly at the export market, were suffering a depression that made them demand war". </P>

Which of the following was a central cause of the war of 1812