<Li> In 1957, the French Chief of Staff with Raoul Salan would use the POWs' experience with the Viet Minh reeducation camps to create two "Instruction Center for Pacification and Counter-Insurgency" (Centre d'Instruction à la Pacification et à la Contre - Guérilla aka CIPCG) and train thousands of officers during the Algerian War . </Li> <Li> According to Arthur J. Dommen, the Viet Minh assassinated 100,000--150,000 civilians during the war; total civilian deaths are estimated at 400,000 . Benjamin Valentino estimates that the French were responsible for 60,000--250,000 civilian deaths . </Li> <Li> The French Army tortured Viet Minh prisoners . </Li> <Li> Cat Bay Massacre, 311 Vietnamese civilians were killed by the French Army . </Li>

How did vietnams' colonial past prepare it to resist american intervention