<Li> Area IV: Uthman </Li> <P> (Andalusian city, Córdoba, Spain) </P> <P> The rise of Islam begins around the time Muhammad and his followers took flight, the Hijra, to the city of Medina . Muhammad spent his last ten years in a series of battles to conquer the Arabian region . From 622 to 632, Muhammad as the leader of a Muslim community in Medina was engaged in a state of war with the Meccans . In the proceeding decades, the area of Basra was conquered by the Muslims . During the reign of Umar, the Muslim army found it a suitable place to construct a base . Later the area was settled and a mosque was erected . Madyan was conquered and settled by Muslims, but the environment was considered harsh and the settlers moved to Kufa . Umar defeated the rebellion of several Arab tribes in a successful campaign, unifying the entire Arabian peninsula and giving it stability . Under Uthman's leadership, the empire, through the Muslim conquest of Persia, expanded into Fars in 650, some areas of Khorasan in 651, and the conquest of Armenia was begun in the 640s . In this time, the Islamic empire extended over the whole Sassanid Persian Empire and to more than two - thirds of the Eastern Roman Empire . The First Fitna, or the First Islamic Civil War, lasted for the entirety of Ali ibn Abi Talib's reign . After the recorded peace treaty between with Hassan ibn Ali and the suppression of early Kharijites' disturbances, Muawiyah I acceded to the position of Caliph . </P> <Ul> <Li> Muhammad's conquests, 622--632 </Li> <Li> Rashidun Caliphate, 632--661 </Li> <Li> Umayyad Caliphate, 661--750 </Li> </Ul>

Who introduced the feudal system in the peninsula