<P> In the same fashion as the United States, the Soviets were eager to depict their enemy in the most unflattering light possible . Between 1946 and 1950, 45.6% of on - screen villains in Soviet films were either American or British . Films addressed non-Soviet themes that emerged in American film in an attempt to derail the criticism and paint the U.S. as the enemy . Attacks made by the United States against the U.S.S.R were simply used as material by Soviet filmmakers for their own attacks on the US . Soviet cinema during this time took its liberty with history: "Did the Red Army engage in the mass rapes of German women and pillage German art treasures, factories, and forests? In Soviet cinema, the opposite was true (in The Meeting on the Elbe)." This demonstrated the heightened paranoia of the Soviet Union . </P> <P> Despite efforts made to elevate the status of cinema, such as changing the Committee of Cinema Affairs to the Ministry of Cinematography, cinema did not seem to work as invigorating propaganda as was planned . Although the Anti-American films were notably popular with audiences, the Ministry did not feel the message had reached the general public, perhaps due to the fact that the majority of moviegoers seeing the films produced were, perhaps, the Soviets most likely to admire American culture . </P> <P> After Stalin's death, a Main Administration of Cinema Affairs replaced the Ministry, allowing the filmmakers more freedom due to the lack of direct government control . Many of the films released throughout the late 1950s and 1960s focused on spreading a positive image of Soviet life, intent to prove that Soviet life was indeed better than American life . </P> <P> Russian science fiction emerged from a prolonged period of censorship in 1957, opened up by de-Stalinization and real Soviet achievements in the space race, typified by Ivan Efremov's galactic epic, Andromeda (1957). Official Communist science fiction transposed the laws of historical materialism to the future, scorning Western nihilistic writings and predicting a peaceful transition to universal communism . Scientocratic visions of the future nevertheless implicitly critiqued the bureaucratically developed socialism of the present . Dissident science fiction writers emerged, such as the Strugatski brothers, Boris and Arkadi, with their "social fantasies," problematizing the role of intervention in the historical process, or Stanislaw Lem's tongue - in - cheek exposures of man's cognitive limitations . </P>

Which event did the soviet union fear during the cold war