<P> Arnoldsson's theory on the origins of The Black legend has been disputed as confusing the process of Black Legend generation with simply a negative view or a critique of a foreign power . In general, they raise the following objections: </P> <Ol> <Li> Just because the earliest writings against Spaniards were written in Italy, that is not sufficient reason to describe Italy as the origin of the Black Legend . It is a normal reaction in any society dominated by a foreign power . </Li> <Li> The phrase "black legend" suggests a certain "tradition", which did not exist in Italian writings based primarily on a reaction to the recent presence of Spanish troops, that faded quickly . </Li> <Li> In 15th and 16th century Italy there coexisted critics as well as Italian intellectuals that greatly admired Spain, specially Ferdinand II of Aragon . </Li> </Ol> <Li> Just because the earliest writings against Spaniards were written in Italy, that is not sufficient reason to describe Italy as the origin of the Black Legend . It is a normal reaction in any society dominated by a foreign power . </Li> <Li> The phrase "black legend" suggests a certain "tradition", which did not exist in Italian writings based primarily on a reaction to the recent presence of Spanish troops, that faded quickly . </Li>

What perceptions of the spanish conquistadores might the inca have had