<P> Treatment of hyperglycemia requires elimination of the underlying cause, such as diabetes . Acute hyperglycemia can be treated by direct administration of insulin in most cases . Severe hyperglycemia can be treated with oral hypoglycemic therapy and lifestyle modification . </P> <P> In diabetes mellitus (by far the most common cause of chronic hyperglycemia), treatment aims at maintaining blood glucose at a level as close to normal as possible, in order to avoid these serious long - term complications . This is done by a combination of proper diet, regular exercise, and insulin or other medication such as metformin, etc . </P> <P> Those with hyperglycaemia can be treated using sulphonylureas or metformin or both . These drugs help by improving glycaemic control Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor alone or in combination with basal insulin can be used as a treatment for hyperglycemia with patients still in the hospital . </P> <P> The origin of the term is Greek: prefix ὑπέρ - hyper - "over -", γλυκός glycos "sweet wine, must", αἷμα haima "blood", - ία, - εια - ia suffix for abstract nouns of feminine gender . </P>

Which of the following is not an adverse effect of the hyperglycemia associated with diabetes