<P> During the Cultural Revolution, only a few writers who gained permission or requalification under the new system, such as Hao Ran and some writers of worker or farmer background, can have had their work published or reprinted . The permissible subject matter of proletarian and socialist literature would be strictly defined, and all the literary periodicals in the country ceased publication by 1968 . The situation eased after 1972, more writers were allowed to write and many provincial literary periodicals resumed publication, but the majority of writers still could not work . </P> <P> The effect is similar in the film industry . A booklet titled "Four Hundred Films to be Criticized" was distributed, and film directors and actors / actresses were criticized with some tortured and imprisoned . These included many of Jiang Qing's rivals and former friends in the film industry, and those who died in the period included Cai Chusheng, Zheng Junli, Shangguan Yunzhu, Wang Ying, and Xu Lai . No feature films were produced in mainland China for seven years apart from the few approved "Model dramas" and highly ideological films, a notable example of the handful of films made and permitted to be shown in this period is Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy . </P> <P> After the communist takeover in China, much of the popular music from Shanghai was condemned as Yellow Music and banned, and during the Cultural Revolution, composers of such popular music such as Li Jinhui were persecuted . Revolution - themed songs instead were promoted, and songs such as "Ode to the Motherland", "Sailing the Seas Depends on the Helmsman", "The East Is Red" and "Without the Communist Party, There Would Be No New China" were either written or became extremely popular during this period . "The East Is Red", especially, became popular; it de facto supplanted "The March of the Volunteers" as the national anthem of China, though the latter was restored to its previous place after the Cultural Revolution ended . </P> <P> Some of the most enduring images of Cultural Revolution come from the poster art . Propaganda art in posters was used as a campaigning tool and mass communication device, and often served as the main source of information for the people . They were produced in large number and widely disseminated, and were used by the government and Red Guards to educate the public the ideological value as defined by the party state . There were many types of posters, the two main genres being the dazibao (大字 报, big character poster) and "commercial" propapanda poster (宣传 画, xuanchuanhua). </P>

During china's cultural revolution music was used to
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