<Tr> <Th> Battles / wars </Th> <Td> American Revolutionary War </Td> </Tr> <P> John James Marshall (September 24, 1755--July 6, 1835) was an American politician and the fourth Chief Justice of the United States from 1801 to 1835 . A native of Virginia, he was the last chief justice born a British subject prior to the American Revolutionary War . Before becoming chief justice, Marshall had been a leader of the Federalist Party in Virginia, and served in the United States House of Representatives from 1799 to 1800 . He was also secretary of state under President John Adams from 1800 to 1801 . </P> <P> The longest - serving chief justice and the fourth longest - serving justice in U.S. Supreme Court history, Marshall played a significant role in the development of the American legal system during his 34 years in office, authoring nearly half of the Court's decisions during his tenure . He reinforced the principle that federal courts are obligated to exercise judicial review, by overturning purported laws, both state and federal, if they violate the United States Constitution . Marbury v. Madison (1803) remains the foundational case for this authority . Thus Marshall cemented the position of the American judiciary as an independent, co-equal, and influential branch of government . Furthermore, the Marshall Court made several important decisions relating to federalism, affecting the balance of power between the federal government and the states during the early years of the republic . In particular, Marshall repeatedly confirmed the supremacy of federal law over state law and supported an expansive reading of the enumerated powers . He most clearly articulated his philosophy in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819). </P> <P> Marshall also became involved in the case against former vice president Aaron Burr, who was charged with treason, ruling that the prosecution lacked sufficient evidence to prove treason . Throughout his chief justiceship, Marshall applied his federalist philosophy regarding the rule of law to build a stronger federal government over the opposition of the Jeffersonians (and later the Jacksonians), who wanted stronger state governments . </P>

Who was responsible for establishing the supreme court as an independent branch of the government
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