<P> Research in the industry was earlier concentrated in Programming languages like Java, but in the recent times the research focus has changed towards technologies like Mobile computing, Cloud computing and Software as a Service . This shift is attributed to the preference of clients for ubiquitous computing over standalone computing . </P> <P> Sharma (2006) states: "Today, Bangalore is known as the Silicon Platuea of India and contributes 38% of Indian IT Exports . India's second and third largest software companies are headquartered in Bangalore, as are many of the global Companies . Cities like Hyderabad, Chennai, Pune and Gurgaon are also emerging as technology hubs, with many global IT companies establishing headquarters there . Numerous IT companies are also based in Mumbai . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Position </Th> <Th> City </Th> <Th> Description </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Bangalore </Td> <Td> Bangalore is known as the Silicon Valley of India and the IT Capital of India . It is considered to be a global information technology hub and it is India's largest exporter both of IT overall and of software . Some of the top Indian IT service providers like Infosys, Wipro, Mindtree and Mphasis are headquartered in Bangalore . It is also the site of the national headquarters of many top international firms like Intel, Texas Instruments, Bosch, Yahoo, SAP Labs, Google India, EA, Apple Inc, SanDisk, Harman, Dell, Ericsson, Sabre, Goldman Sachs, HP, Cognizant, Boeing, Wells Fargo, Sony, AT&T, Flipkart, Walmart, Juniper Networks Inc, CenturyLink, Aricent, Samsung, Oracle, LG, Adobe, JPMorgan, Genpact, Accenture, IBM, Qualcomm, Cisco, LBrand, PayPal, eBay, Quest, Broadcom, Cerner, EY, Amazon, LinkedIn, BT, and Continental, among others . Bangalore alone accounts for more than 35% of all IT companies present in India and contains close to 5,000 companies, making it India's largest IT contributor . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Hyderabad </Td> <Td> Hyderabad--known as the HITEC City or Cyberabad--is a major global information technology hub, and the largest bioinformatics hub in India . Hyderabad has emerged as the second largest city in the country for software exports pipping competitors Chennai and Pune . It is the site of the first Microsoft development center in India, which is also Microsoft's largest software development center outside of its headquarters in Redmond, USA.It has also many IT industries as Amazon (which is also a biggest outlet outside its headquarters). Google, Microsoft, Facebook, Apple, Wipro, Infosys, Oracle, franklin templeton, jp morgan, HSBC, wells fargo, Tech mahindra, and many more big it companies. India headquarters of Google, Facebook, Apple are locates in Hyderabad . Hyderabad is Largest Deloitte hub of India . The new government of Telangana is welcoming new investers and also supporting the small scale industries through T - HUB . It contains close to 3,000 companies, making it India's second largest IT contributor </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Pune </Td> <Td> Pune is one of the leading Indian and international IT services and outsourcing exporters . The next biggest IT park of India (Rajiv Gandhi IT Park at Hinjawadi) is expected to scale up to phase 7 . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Chennai </Td> <Td> The city has a world - class IT infrastructure with dedicated expressway nicknamed as IT expressways, and many other IT parks promoted by both government agency (Elcot) Electronics Corporation of Tamil Nadu and private entities . The city's strong industrial base also favors the establishment of many major R&D centers in its vicinity . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> Mumbai </Td> <Td> Mumbai is headquarters to Tata Consultancy Services, India's largest IT company . Other major IT companies based in the city include Datamatics, Patni, L&T Infotech, 3i Infotech, Mastek and Oracle FinServ . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> National Capital Region </Td> <Td> The National Capital Region includes Delhi, Gurgaon and Noida, which are clusters of software development with offices of many Multi National Corporations . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> Others </Td> <Td> Telangana which includes Warangal and Khammam., <P> Gujarat which includes Ahmedabad and Vadodara, </P> <P> Tamil Nadu which includes Coimbatore and Madurai . </P> <P> Kerala where 55% of the exports come from its capital city Trivandrum and the majority of the rest from Kochi . Calicut is also another contributor from the state . Trivandrum houses technology giants like Oracle Corporation, TCS, Infosys, UST Global, Ernst & Young etc . Kochi also houses TCS, Cognizant, Wipro, KPMG, Ernst & Young, EXL, Etisalat, UST Global, Xerox etc . </P> <P> Andhra Pradesh which includes Vijayawada, Kakinada, Visakhapatnam, and Tirupati . </P> <P> Kolkata and Durgapur of West Bengal </P> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Th> Position </Th> <Th> City </Th> <Th> Description </Th> </Tr>

What is the government’s contribution to it in india