<P> Section 1 of the Twenty - fifth Amendment states that the vice president becomes president upon the removal from office, death, or resignation of the preceding president . Article II, Section 1, Clause 6 authorizes Congress to declare who shall become acting president in the "Case of Removal, Death, Resignation or Inability, both of the President and Vice President ." The Presidential Succession Act of 1947, (codified as 3 U.S.C. § 19) provides that if both the president and vice president have left office or are both otherwise unavailable to serve during their terms of office, the presidential line of succession follows the order of: Speaker of the House, then, if necessary, the President pro tempore of the Senate, and then if necessary, the eligible heads of federal executive departments who form the president's Cabinet . The Cabinet currently has 15 members, of which the Secretary of State is first in line; the other Cabinet secretaries follow in the order in which their department (or the department of which their department is the successor) was created . Those department heads who are constitutionally ineligible to be elected to the presidency are also disqualified from assuming the powers and duties of the presidency through succession . No statutory successor has yet been called upon to act as president . </P> <P> Throughout most of its history, politics of the United States have been dominated by political parties . Political parties had not been anticipated when the U.S. Constitution was drafted in 1787, nor did they exist at the time of the first presidential election in 1788--1789 . Organized political parties developed in the U.S. in the mid--1790s, but political factions, from which organized parties evolved, began to appear almost immediately after the Federal government came into existence . Those who supported the Washington administration were referred to as "pro-administration" and would eventually form the Federalist Party, while those in opposition joined the emerging Democratic - Republican Party . </P> <P> Greatly concerned about the very real capacity of political parties to destroy the fragile unity holding the nation together, Washington remained unaffiliated with any political faction or party throughout his eight - year presidency . He was, and remains, the only U.S. president never to be affiliated with a political party . Since George Washington, 43 persons have been sworn into the office of president, and each has been affiliated with a political party at the time of assuming office . The number of presidents per political party (at the time of entry into office) are: </P> <Ul> <Li> 19 with the Republican Party: Chester A. Arthur, George H.W. Bush, George W. Bush, Calvin Coolidge, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Gerald Ford, James A. Garfield, Ulysses S. Grant, Warren G. Harding, Benjamin Harrison, Rutherford B. Hayes, Herbert Hoover, Abraham Lincoln, William McKinley, Richard Nixon, Ronald Reagan, Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and Donald Trump </Li> <Li> 14 with the Democratic Party: James Buchanan, Jimmy Carter, Grover Cleveland, Bill Clinton, Andrew Jackson, Lyndon B. Johnson, John F. Kennedy, Barack Obama, Franklin Pierce, James K. Polk, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman, Martin Van Buren, and Woodrow Wilson </Li> <Li> Four with the Democratic - Republican Party: John Quincy Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and James Monroe </Li> <Li> Four with the Whig Party: Millard Fillmore, William Henry Harrison, Zachary Taylor, and John Tyler </Li> <Li> One with the Federalist Party: John Adams </Li> <Li> One with the National Union Party: Andrew Johnson </Li> </Ul>

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