<P> Since the foundation of the Republic of Turkey in 1923 the military conducted three coups d'état and announced martial law . Martial law between 1978 and 1983 was replaced by a State of emergency in a limited number of provinces that lasted until November 2002 . On July 15, 2016 a section of the military in Turkey attempted a coup (failed) and said to have implied martial law in a broadcast on their national television TRT . </P> <P> During the Yugoslav Wars in 1991, a "State of Direct War Threat" was declared . Although forces from the whole SFRY were included in this conflict, martial law was never announced, but after secession, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina declared martial law . On March 23, 1999, a "State of Direct War Threat" was declared in Yugoslavia, following the possibility of NATO air - strikes . The day after strikes began, martial law was declared, which lasted until June 1999, although strikes ended on June 10, following Kumanovo Treaty . </P> <P> In the United States, martial law has been used in a limited number of circumstances, such as directly after a foreign attack, such as Hawaii after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor or New Orleans during the Battle of New Orleans, after major disasters, such as the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 or the San Francisco earthquake of 1906, by renegade local leaders seeking to avoid arrest, such as Nauvoo, Illinois during the Illinois Mormon War, or Utah during the Utah War, or in response to chaos associated with protests and mob action, such as the 1934 West Coast waterfront strike, or mob actions against the Freedom Riders . </P> <P> The martial law concept in the United States is closely tied with the right of habeas corpus, which is in essence the right to a hearing on lawful imprisonment, or more broadly, the supervision of law enforcement by the judiciary . The ability to suspend habeas corpus is related to the imposition of martial law . Article 1, Section 9 of the US Constitution states, "The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it ." There have been many instances of the use of the military within the borders of the United States, such as during the Whiskey Rebellion and in the South during the Civil Rights Movement, but these acts are not tantamount to a declaration of martial law . The distinction must be made as clear as that between martial law and military justice: deployment of troops does not necessarily mean that the civil courts cannot function, and that is one of the keys, as the Supreme Court noted, to martial law . </P>

Has there ever been martial law in the united states