<P> Proserpina (/ proʊˈsɜːrpɪnə /; Latin: Prōserpina (proː. ˈsɛr. pɪ.na)) or Proserpine (/ proʊˈsɜːrpɪˌni, ˈprɒsərˌpaɪn /) is an ancient Roman goddess whose cult, myths and mysteries were based on those of Greek Persephone and her mother Demeter, the Greek goddess of grain and agriculture . The Romans identified Proserpina with their native fertility goddess Libera, daughter of the grain and agriculture goddess Ceres and wife to Liber . In 204 BC, a new "greek - style" cult to Ceres and Proserpina as "Mother and Maiden" was imported from southern Italy, along with Greek priestesses to serve it, and was installed in Ceres' Temple on Rome's Aventine Hill . The new cult and its priesthood were actively promoted by Rome's religious authorities as morally desirable for respectable Roman women, and may have partly subsumed the temple's older, native cult to Ceres, Liber and Libera; but the new rites seem to have functioned alongside the old, rather than replaced them . </P> <P> Just as Persephone was thought to be a daughter of Demeter, Romans made Proserpina a daughter of Demeter's Roman equivalent, Ceres . Like Persephone, Proserpina is associated with the underworld realm and its ruler; and along with her mother Ceres, with the springtime growth of crops and the cycle of life, death and rebirth or renewal . Her name is a Latinisation of "Persephone", perhaps influenced by the Latin proserpere ("to emerge, to creep forth"), with respect to the growing of grain . Her core myths--her forcible abduction by the god of the Underworld, her mother's search for her and her eventual but temporary restoration to the world above--are the subject of works in Roman and later art and literature . In particular, Proserpina's seizure by the god of the Underworld--usually described as the Rape of Proserpina, or of Persephone--has offered dramatic subject matter for Renaissance and later sculptors and painters . </P> <P> Proserpina was officially introduced to Rome around 205 BC, along with a "greek" form of cult to her mother Ceres, as part of Rome's general religious recruitment of deities as allies against Carthage, towards the end of the Second Punic War . The cult originated in southern Italy (part of Magna Graecia) and was probably based on the women - only Greek Thesmophoria, a mystery cult to Demeter and Persephone as "Mother and Maiden". It arrived along with its Greek priestesses, who were granted Roman citizenship so that they could pray to the gods "with a foreign and external knowledge, but with a domestic and civil intention". The new cult was installed in the already ancient Temple of Ceres, Liber and Libera, Rome's Aventine patrons of the plebs; from the end of the 3rd century BC, Demeter's temple at Enna, in Sicily, was acknowledged as Ceres' oldest, most authoritative cult centre, and Libera was recognised as Proserpina, Roman equivalent to Demeter's daughter Persephone . Their joint cult recalls Demeter's search for Persephone, after the latter's rape and abduction into the underworld by Hades (or Pluto). At the Aventine, the new cult took its place alongside the old . It made no reference to Liber, whose open and gender - mixed cult continued to play a central role in plebeian culture, as a patron and protector of plebeian rights, freedoms and values . The exclusively female initiates and priestesses of the new "greek style" mysteries of Ceres and Proserpina were expected to uphold Rome's traditional, patrician - dominated social hierarchy and traditional morality . Unmarried girls should emulate the chastity of Proserpina, the maiden; married women should seek to emulate Ceres, the devoted and fruitful Mother . Their rites were intended to secure a good harvest, and increase the fertility of those who partook in the mysteries . </P>

In the story ceres and proserpina who or what symbolizes spring
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