<P> Outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) has been monitored globally since 1975 by a number of successful and valuable satellite missions . These missions include broadband measurements from the Earth Radiation Balance (ERB) instrument on the Nimbus - 6 and Nimbus - 7 satellites; Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) scanner and the ERBE non scanner on NOAA - 9, NOAA - 10 and NASA Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS); The Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) instrument aboard NASA's Aqua and Terra satellites; and Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget instrument (GERB) instrument on the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellite . </P> <P> Downwelling longwave radiation at the surface is mainly measured by Pyrgeometer . A most notable ground - based network for monitoring surface longwave radiation is Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN), which provides crucial well - calibrated measurements for studying global dimming and brightening . </P> <P> Many applications call for calculation of longwave radiation quantities: the balance of global incoming shortwave to outgoing longwave radiative flux determines the Energy budget of Earth's climate; local radiative cooling by outgoing longwave radiation (and heating by shortwave radiation) drive the temperature and dynamics of different parts of the atmosphere; from the radiance from a particular direction measured by an instrument, atmospheric properties (like temperature or humidity can be retrieved, etc . Calculations of these quantities solve the radiative transfer equations that describe radiation in the atmosphere . Usually the solution is done numerically by an Atmospheric radiative transfer code adapted to the specific problem . </P>

Where is the least and greatest amount of outgoing longwave radiation (olr) located