<Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <P> Medieval technology refers to the technology used in medieval Europe under Christian rule . After the Renaissance of the 12th century, medieval Europe saw a radical change in the rate of new inventions, innovations in the ways of managing traditional means of production, and economic growth . The period saw major technological advances, including the adoption of gunpowder, the invention of vertical windmills, spectacles, mechanical clocks, and greatly improved water mills, building techniques (Gothic architecture, medieval castles), and agriculture in general (three - field crop rotation). </P> <P> The development of water mills from their ancient origins was impressive, and extended from agriculture to sawmills both for timber and stone . By the time of the Domesday Book, most large villages had turnable mills, around 6,500 in England alone . Water - power was also widely used in mining for raising ore from shafts, crushing ore, and even powering bellows . </P>

Which technologically advanced civilization had made important advances in navigation by the 1300s