<P> Law enforcement officials must both think and act ethically . A response to any particular situation has two factors, the reaction and action . The reaction is an emotional response and the action refers to how a police professional handles the situation . Ethics training emphasizes the importance of responding with actions that are not just abiding the law but also take motivation into consideration . Actions that involve an officer doing the right thing for the wrong reason is not considered acting ethically . </P> <P> The United States Department of Justice released a report in 2009 titled "Building Trust Between the Police and the Citizens They Serve" which outlines the ways in which ethical training can help create and maintain trust between a community and the professionals policing it . One aspect of training is having the chief of police establish, exhibit, and promote ethical conduct and fairness both inside and outside the agency . Aside from establishing an ethical culture, ethical training should begin with new police professionals and extend throughout their career until they retire . </P> <P> The United States has various laws and policies in place, such as the Miranda Rights, that are meant to ensure ethical practices by law enforcement officials . Further measures have been adopted to secure ethical standards in police departments . Such measures include various codes of ethics provided by professional law enforcement associations like the Law Enforcement Code of Ethics, adopted in 1957, and the American Federation of Police, adopted in 1966 . The Law Enforcement Code of Ethics was revised in 1989 by the International Association of Chiefs of Police . The U.S. does not have a national code of ethics, rather individual police departments construct their own code of ethics based upon the basic standards laid out in the law enforcement associations that are then incorporated into an oath of office each member of the department pledges . </P>

When was the law enforcement code of ethics written