<P> Esagil - kin - apli discovered a variety of illnesses and diseases and described their symptoms in his Diagnostic Handbook . These include the symptoms for many varieties of epilepsy and related ailments along with their diagnosis and prognosis . </P> <P> Mesopotamian people invented many technologies including metal and copper - working, glass and lamp making, textile weaving, flood control, water storage, and irrigation . They were also one of the first Bronze Age societies in the world . They developed from copper, bronze, and gold on to iron . Palaces were decorated with hundreds of kilograms of these very expensive metals . Also, copper, bronze, and iron were used for armor as well as for different weapons such as swords, daggers, spears, and maces . </P> <P> According to a recent hypothesis, the Archimedes' screw may have been used by Sennacherib, King of Assyria, for the water systems at the Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Nineveh in the 7th century BC, although mainstream scholarship holds it to be a Greek invention of later times . Later, during the Parthian or Sasanian periods, the Baghdad Battery, which may have been the world's first battery, was created in Mesopotamia . </P> <P> Ancient Mesopotamian religion was the first recorded . Mesopotamians believed that the world was a flat disc, surrounded by a huge, holed space, and above that, heaven . They also believed that water was everywhere, the top, bottom and sides, and that the universe was born from this enormous sea . In addition, Mesopotamian religion was polytheistic . Although the beliefs described above were held in common among Mesopotamians, there were also regional variations . The Sumerian word for universe is an - ki, which refers to the god An and the goddess Ki . Their son was Enlil, the air god . They believed that Enlil was the most powerful god . He was the chief god of the pantheon . The Sumerians also posed philosophical questions, such as: Who are we?, Where are we?, How did we get here? . They attributed answers to these questions to explanations provided by their gods . </P>

Which to land features gave mesopotamia its name