<P> While all Certified First Responders in Canada are covered under Good Samaritan laws in jurisdictions where they are enacted, in some cases they have a Duty To Act for example, Ontario . Certified First Responders who are providing medical coverage to events (such as Red Cross, St. John Ambulance's Patient Care Divisions and private event medical companies), as well as those who are employed by Volunteer Fire Departments, Campus Response Teams, and others who are required to perform Emergency Medical Response as part of their duties all have a Duty to Act . While Certified First Responders in general are not required to render aid to injured / ill persons, those who work in the aforementioned areas can be accused of and prosecuted for negligence if they fail to respond when notified of a medical emergency, if their care does not meet the standard to which they were trained, or their care exceeds their scope of practice and causes harm to the patient . As with all medically trained and certified persons, Certified First Responders are immune to successful prosecution if assistance was given in good faith up to, and not beyond, the limits of certification and training . </P> <P> In France, pre-hospital care is performed either by first responders from the fire department (sapeurs - pompiers, in most emergency situations) or from a private ambulance company (relative emergency at home), or by a medical team that includes a physician, a nurse and an ambulance technician (called "SMUR"). The intermediate scale, the firefighter nurse (infirmier sapeur - pompier, ISP), is only a recent evolution and is performed by nurses who have been specially trained acting with emergency protocols; these nurses are the French equivalent of paramedics . The arrival of first responders is thus the most common result of an emergency call . In addition, in France there exists a network of first responder associations, as French Red Cross (Croix - rouge française), civil protection (protection civile), FFSS (Fédération Française de Sauvetage et de Secourisme) or others . These CFR volunteers are allowed to supervise massive outside meetings, student gatherings, et cetera . These volunteers have followed the same special rescuer training as firefighters (PSE 1 & PSE 2, in all 70 hours of training), trainees always know what they are going into, they would be given basic medical training then transferred to the Fire Department, they shall always show humanistic interaction, and shall assist and help people with their concerns. ((firefighter)) s ((PSE1 - PSE2)) </P> <P> In the Kingdom of Thailand (Thailand) First Responder is a certification most commonly achieved by local volunteers . This certification is referred to as Emergency Medical Responder or EMR . EMRs can provide emergency care for vehicle collisions, trauma, CPR, birthing, and other emergencies . EMRs must maintain their certification through a foundation, club, association, or government agency . The next level of certification in emergency response is Emergency Medical Technician Basic (EMT - B). </P> <P> Training for EMR level must be done through an approved training . Most provincial hospitals provide training or are directly connected with teaching the training . EMR is a 50 hour course . The National Institute for Emergency Medicine of Thailand acts as the approving body for Emergency Medical Responder certification and provides the training curriculum . Guidelines for EMRs are published in the Emergency Medical Operation Manual for First Responder Units . Certification only lasts for two 2 years and requires refresher training to maintain . </P>

What is the difference between a first aider and a first responder