<Li> List of countries by Human Development Index #UN member states (latest UNDP data). </Li> <Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> Sources: </Td> </Tr> <P> San Marino (/ sæn məˈriːnoʊ / (listen); Italian: (san maˈriːno) in careful speech, more usually (sam maˈriːno)), officially the Republic of San Marino (Italian: Repubblica di San Marino), also known as the Most Serene Republic of San Marino (Italian: Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino), is an enclaved microstate surrounded by Italy, situated on the Italian Peninsula on the northeastern side of the Apennine Mountains . Its size is just over 61 km (24 sq mi), with a population of 33,562 . Its capital is the City of San Marino and its largest city is Serravalle . San Marino has the smallest population of all the members of the Council of Europe . </P> <P> The country takes its name from Marinus, a stonemason originating from the Roman colony on the island of Rab, in modern - day Croatia . In A.D. 257, Marinus according to legend participated in the reconstruction of Rimini's city walls after their destruction by Liburnian pirates . Marinus then went on to found an independent monastic community on Monte Titano in A.D. 301; thus, San Marino lays claim to be the oldest extant sovereign state as well as the oldest constitutional republic . </P>

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