<Tr> <Td_colspan="2"> See also the military convention of 29 February 1848 (5 Miller 407; 9 Bevans 807). </Td> </Tr> <P> The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (Tratado de Guadalupe Hidalgo in Spanish), officially titled the Treaty of Peace, Friendship, Limits and Settlement between the United States of America and the Mexican Republic, is the peace treaty signed on February 2, 1848, in the Villa de Guadalupe Hidalgo (now a neighborhood of Mexico City) between the United States and Mexico that ended the Mexican--American War (1846--1848). The treaty came into force on July 4, 1848 . </P> <P> With the defeat of its army and the fall of its capital, Mexico entered into negotiations to end the war . The treaty called for the U.S. to pay US $15 million to Mexico and to pay off the claims of American citizens against Mexico up to US $5 million . It gave the United States the Rio Grande as a boundary for Texas, and gave the U.S. ownership of California and a large area comprising roughly half of New Mexico, most of Arizona, Nevada, and Utah, and parts of Wyoming and Colorado . Mexicans in those annexed areas had the choice of relocating to within Mexico's new boundaries or receiving American citizenship with full civil rights . </P> <P> The U.S. Senate advised and consented to ratification of the treaty by a vote of 38--14 . The opponents of this treaty were led by the Whigs, who had opposed the war and rejected Manifest destiny in general, and rejected this expansion in particular . The amount of land gained by the United States from Mexico was increased as a result of the Gadsden Purchase of 1853, which ceded parts of present - day southern Arizona and New Mexico to the United States . </P>

What effect did the treaty of guadalupe-hildalgo have on the united states
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