<Li> To achieve this higher state of mind, the modern American scholar must reject old ideas and think for him or herself, to become "Man Thinking" rather than "a mere thinker, or still worse, the parrot of other men's thinking", "the victim of society", "the sluggard intellect of this continent". </Li> <Li> "The American Scholar" has an obligation, as "Man Thinking", within this "One Man" concept, to see the world clearly, not severely influenced by traditional / historical views, and to broaden his understanding of the world from fresh eyes, to "defer never to the popular cry ." </Li> <Li> The scholar's education consists of three influences: <Ul> <Li> I. Nature as the most important influence on the mind </Li> <Li> II . The Past manifest in books </Li> <Li> III . Action and its relation to experience </Li> <Li> The last, unnumbered part of the text is devoted to Emerson's view on the "Duties" of the American Scholar who has become the "Man Thinking ." </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Ul> <Li> I. Nature as the most important influence on the mind </Li> <Li> II . The Past manifest in books </Li> <Li> III . Action and its relation to experience </Li> <Li> The last, unnumbered part of the text is devoted to Emerson's view on the "Duties" of the American Scholar who has become the "Man Thinking ." </Li> </Ul>

What is the american scholar by ralph waldo emerson about