<P> Genetic processes work in combination with an organism's environment and experiences to influence development and behavior, often referred to as nature versus nurture . The intracellular or extracellular environment of a cell or organism may switch gene transcription on or off . A classic example is two seeds of genetically identical corn, one placed in a temperate climate and one in an arid climate . While the average height of the two corn stalks may be genetically determined to be equal, the one in the arid climate only grows to half the height of the one in the temperate climate due to lack of water and nutrients in its environment . </P> <P> The word genetics stems from the ancient Greek γενετικός genetikos meaning "genitive" / "generative", which in turn derives from γένεσις genesis meaning "origin". </P> <P> The observation that living things inherit traits from their parents has been used since prehistoric times to improve crop plants and animals through selective breeding . The modern science of genetics, seeking to understand this process, began with the work of the Augustinian friar Gregor Mendel in the mid-19th century . </P> <P> Prior to Mendel, Imre Festetics, a Hungarian noble, who lived in Kőszeg before Mendel, was the first who used the word "genetics ." He described several rules of genetic inheritance in his work The genetic law of the Nature (Die genetische Gesätze der Natur, 1819). His second law is the same as what Mendel published . In his third law, he developed the basic principles of mutation (he can be considered a forerunner of Hugo de Vries). </P>

When did modern study of genetics begin and with whom