<P> Pearl Harbor is generally regarded as an extraordinary event in American history, remembered as the first time since the War of 1812 that America was attacked in strength on its territory by another country--with only the September 11 attacks almost 60 years later being of a similarly catastrophic scale . It was the first decisive defeat for the United States in World War II . It has become synonymous with "surprise attack" ever since in American parlance . The U.S. mistakes of intelligence collection, sharing, and analysis leading to the Japanese success at Pearl Harbor did not, in the end, lead to lessons learned . </P> <P> Some Japanese today feel they were compelled to fight because of threats to their national interests and an embargo imposed by the United States, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands . The most important embargo was on oil on which its Navy and much of the economy was dependent . For example, Japan Times, an English - language newspaper owned by one of the major news organizations in Japan (Asahi Shimbun), ran numerous columns in the early 2000s echoing Kurusu's comments in reference to the Pearl Harbor attack . </P> <P> In putting the Pearl Harbor attack into context, Japanese writers repeatedly contrast the thousands of U.S. non-combatants killed there with the hundreds of thousands of Japanese civilians killed in U.S. air attacks on Japan later in the war, even without mentioning the 1945 atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the United States . </P> <P> However, in spite of the perceived inevitability of the war by many Japanese, many also believe the Pearl Harbor attack, although a tactical victory, was actually part of a seriously flawed strategy for engaging in war with the U.S. As one columnist wrote, "The Pearl Harbor attack was a brilliant tactic, but part of a strategy based on the belief that a spirit as firm as iron and as beautiful as cherry blossoms could overcome the materially wealthy United States . That strategy was flawed, and Japan's total defeat would follow ." In 1991, the Japanese Foreign Ministry released a statement saying Japan had intended to make a formal declaration of war to the United States at 1 p.m. Washington time, 25 minutes before the attack at Pearl Harbor was scheduled to begin . This officially acknowledged something that had been publicly known for years . Diplomatic communications had been coordinated well in advance with the attack, but had failed delivery at the intended time . It appears the Japanese government was referring to the "14 - part message", which did not actually break off negotiations, let alone declare war, but did officially raise the possibility of a break in relations . However, because of various delays, the Japanese ambassador was unable to deliver this message until well after the attack had begun . </P>

Which of the following was a result of the attack on pearl harbor