<P> Although Federation is often regarded as the moment of "independence" of Australia from Britain, legally the Commonwealth was a creation of the British Parliament, through the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 (Imp), which applied to Australia by paramount force . As a result, since Australia was still legally a colony, there was continued uncertainty as to the applicability of British Imperial laws to the Commonwealth . This was resolved by the Statute of Westminster 1931, adopted by the Commonwealth via the Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942 . The Statute of Westminster freed the Dominions, including the Commonwealth, from Imperial restrictions . Legally, this is often regarded as the moment of Australia's national independence . </P> <P> However, due to specific exemptions in the Statute of Westminster, Imperial law continued to be paramount in Australian states . This was altered by the Australia Act 1986, which was passed in substantially the same form by the Commonwealth parliament and the British parliament, at the request of each state . In addition to ending the British Parliament's power to legislate over Australian states, the Australia Act also cut the last avenues of appeal from the Australian courts to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council . As a symbol of the significance of this legislation, Queen Elizabeth II travelled to Australia to personally sign the proclamation of the law . </P> <P> For the Constitution, the impact of these two laws is that the Constitution as in force in Australia is now separate from the text in the original Act . While the British Parliament can amend or repeal the Imperial Act, that would not affect Australia . Instead, the Constitution as in force in Australia can only be amended following the referendum mechanisms set out in the Constitution . Conversely, any amendment to the Constitution in Australia following the referendum mechanisms would not affect the text of the Imperial Act as in force in the United Kingdom . </P> <P> The Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 (Imp) contains a Preamble, and nine sections . The legislative, executive, and judicial powers are separately stated in the Constitution, in Chapters I, II and III respectively . Sections 1--8 are covering clauses outlining the legal procedures for the establishment of the Commonwealth . Section 9, beginning with the words "The Constitution of the Commonwealth shall be as follows ...", contains the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia . The Constitution itself is divided into eight chapters, containing 128 sections . </P>

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