<P> In anaphase I of meiosis I the homologous chromosomes are pulled apart from each other . The homologs are cleaved by the enzyme separase to release the cohesin that held the homologous chromosome arms together . This allows the chiasmata to release and the homologs to move to opposite poles of the cell . The homologous chromosomes are now randomly segregated into two daughter cells that will undergo meiosis II to produce four haploid daughter germ cells . </P> <P> After the tetrads of homologous chromosomes are separated in meiosis I, the sister chromatids from each pair are separated . The two haploid (because the chromosome no. has reduced to half . Earlier two sets of chromosomes were present, but now each set exists in two different daughter cells that have arisen from the single diploid parent cell by meiosis I) daughter cells resulting from meiosis I undergo another cell division in meiosis II but without another round of chromosomal replication . The sister chromatids in the two daughter cells are pulled apart during anaphase II by nuclear spindle fibers, resulting in four haploid daughter cells . </P> <P> Homologous chromosomes do not function the same in mitosis as they do in meiosis . Prior to every single mitotic division a cell undergoes, the chromosomes in the parent cell replicate themselves . The homologous chromosomes within the cell will ordinarily not pair up and undergo genetic recombination with each other . Instead, the replicants, or sister chromatids, will line up along the metaphase plate and then separate in the same way as meiosis II - by being pulled apart at their centromeres by nuclear mitotic spindles . If any crossing over does occur between sister chromatids during mitosis, it does not produce any new recombinant genotypes . </P> <P> Homologous pairing in most contexts will refer to germline cells, however also takes place in somatic cells . For example, in humans, somatic cells have very tightly regulated homologous pairing (separated into chromosomal territories, and pairing at specific loci under control of developmental signalling). Other species however (notably Drosophila) exhibit homologous pairing much more frequently . Various functions of homologous pairing in somatic cells have been elucidated through high - throughput screens in the early 21st century . </P>

When do homologous chromosomes pair up in mitosis
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