<P> On John Knox's return to Scotland after long exile because he was deemed by the authorities a heretic, the First Book of Discipline (1560) was drafted . It required that a Sabbath afternoon session be set aside for examination of young children in catechism, and this practice eventually was adopted in the Kirk . Catechizing became a part of life in the Scottish Churches with itinerant catechists being employed to instruct the people--a practice that continued into the 19th century . </P> <P> In 1643, the Westminster Assembly, which was designed to bring the two national churches into greater conformity, was convened at the height of the English Civil War to reform the Church of England . When the Solemn League and Covenant was as a result signed between the English and Scots the Assembly's work also became the framing of "four points or parts of uniformity": a Confession of Faith, Form of Church Government, Directory for Worship, and Catechizing . </P> <P> Although the church in Scotland (the Kirk) had produced The New Catechisme according to the Forme of the Kirk of Scotland in 1644, it was aimed particularly at children and youth, and was not adopted by the Westminster Assembly of Divines . Twelve or fourteen of the members of the Westminster Assembly had produced catechisms themselves prior to the Assembly . Herbert Palmer was one of the most respected catechists in the country, and it was expected that his catechism, first published in 1640, would be the basis for the Assembly's . It appears that this idea was abandoned by the committee assigned to the catechism after some work in 1645, followed by another failed attempt at a single catechism from the Summer of 1646 to 14 January 1647 . At this point, the committee decided that it would need to produce two catechisms rather than one, as the needs of ministers and children were very different . The committee also decided to wait until the completion of the Confession of Faith, and to base the catechisms off this document rather than the Apostles' Creed . The Larger Catechism was completed and forwarded to Parliament on 22 October 1647, and another committee was set up for the Shorter Catechism composed of Herbert Palmer as chairman, Charles Herle, Thomas Temple, John Lightfoot, John Greene, Philip Delme, Edmund Calamy the Elder, and Stanley Gower . When Palmer died soon after the constitution of this committee, another committee was formed with only Anthony Tuckney, Stephen Marshall, and John Ward, along with Samuel Rutherford (one of the Scottish commissioners, who could not vote). </P> <P> Anthony Tuckney is believed to be the most influential of the committee members on the Catechism . The previously published catechisms of James Ussher and John Ball, as well as the theology of William Perkins were also relied upon, however many of the similarities between the Assembly's Shorter Catechism and earlier ones may be explained by the common theological vocabulary of the time . The Shorter Catechism was largely based on the Larger Catechism, though the Shorter may have incorporated more of the earlier abandoned catechism than the Larger . It was sent to Parliament on 25 November 1647, a little over a month after the Larger Catechism . Scripture citations were added on 14 April 1648 . It was passed Parliament 22--25 September and ordered to be printed with the title The Grounds and Principles of Religion Contained in a Shorter Catechism . The Church of Scotland approved it in July 1648, and it passed the Scottish Parliament in February of the next year . </P>

The purpose of life is to glorify god and enjoy him forever