<P> A list of current, dated, as well as proposed and historical signs and symbols is included here with its signification . Also given is each element's atomic number, atomic weight or the atomic mass of the most stable isotope, group and period numbers on the periodic table, and etymology of the symbol . </P> <P> Hazard pictographs are another type of symbols used in chemistry . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan="13"> (hide) List of chemical elements </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Z </Th> <Th> Symbol </Th> <Th> Element </Th> <Th> Origin of name </Th> <Th> Group </Th> <Th> Period </Th> <Th> Atomic weight (u (±)) </Th> <Th> Density (g / cm) </Th> <Th> Melt (K) </Th> <Th> Boil (K) </Th> <Th> C (J / g K) </Th> <Th> χ </Th> <Th> Abundance in Earth's crust (mg / kg) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Hydrogen </Td> <Td> composed of the Greek elements hydro - and - gen meaning' water - forming' </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 001! 1.008 </Td> <Td> 0.00008988 </Td> <Td> 0014! 14.01 </Td> <Td> 20.28 </Td> <Td> 14.304 </Td> <Td> 2.20 </Td> <Td> 1400 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> He </Td> <Td> Helium </Td> <Td> the Greek helios,' sun' </Td> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 004! 4.002602 (2) </Td> <Td> 0.0001785 </Td> <Td> 0.1!--</Td> <Td> 4.22 </Td> <Td> 5.193 </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> 0.008 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Li </Td> <Td> Lithium </Td> <Td> the Greek lithos,' stone' </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 007! 6.94 </Td> <Td> 0.534 </Td> <Td> 0454! 453.69 </Td> <Td> 1560 </Td> <Td> 3.582 </Td> <Td> 0.98 </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Be </Td> <Td> Beryllium </Td> <Td> beryl, a mineral </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 009! 9.0121831 (5) </Td> <Td> 1.85 </Td> <Td> 1560! 1560 </Td> <Td> 2742 </Td> <Td> 1.825 </Td> <Td> 1.57 </Td> <Td> 2.8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Boron </Td> <Td> borax, a mineral </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 011! 10.81 </Td> <Td> 2.34 </Td> <Td> 2349! 2349 </Td> <Td> 4200 </Td> <Td> 1.026 </Td> <Td> 2.04 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Carbon </Td> <Td> the Latin carbo,' coal' </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 012! 12.011 </Td> <Td> 2.267 </Td> <Td> 3800! 3800 </Td> <Td> 4300 </Td> <Td> 0.709 </Td> <Td> 2.55 </Td> <Td> 200 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Nitrogen </Td> <Td> the Greek nitron and' - gen' meaning' niter - forming' </Td> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 014! 14.007 </Td> <Td> 0.0012506 </Td> <Td> 0063! 63.15 </Td> <Td> 77.36 </Td> <Td> 1.04 </Td> <Td> 3.04 </Td> <Td> 19 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> O </Td> <Td> Oxygen </Td> <Td> from the Greek oxy -, both' sharp' and' acid', and - gen, meaning' acid - forming' </Td> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 016! 15.999 </Td> <Td> 0.001429 </Td> <Td> 0054! 54.36 </Td> <Td> 90.20 </Td> <Td> 0.918 </Td> <Td> 3.44 </Td> <Td> 461000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Fluorine </Td> <Td> the Latin fluere,' to flow' </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 019! 18.998403163 (6) </Td> <Td> 0.001696 </Td> <Td> 0053.5! 53.53 </Td> <Td> 85.03 </Td> <Td> 0.824 </Td> <Td> 3.98 </Td> <Td> 585 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> Ne </Td> <Td> Neon </Td> <Td> the Greek neos, meaning' new' </Td> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 020! 20.1797 (6) </Td> <Td> 0.0008999 </Td> <Td> 0024.56! 24.56 </Td> <Td> 27.07 </Td> <Td> 1.03 </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> 0.005 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> Na </Td> <Td> Sodium </Td> <Td> the English word soda (natrium in Latin) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 023! 22.98976928 (2) </Td> <Td> 0.971 </Td> <Td> 0371! 370.87 </Td> <Td> 1156 </Td> <Td> 1.228 </Td> <Td> 0.93 </Td> <Td> 23600 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> Mg </Td> <Td> Magnesium </Td> <Td> Magnesia, a district of Eastern Thessaly in Greece </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 024! 24.305 </Td> <Td> 1.738 </Td> <Td> 0923! 923 </Td> <Td> 1363 </Td> <Td> 1.023 </Td> <Td> 1.31 </Td> <Td> 23300 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> Al </Td> <Td> Aluminium </Td> <Td> from alumina, a compound (originally alumium) </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 027! 26.9815385 (7) </Td> <Td> 2.698 </Td> <Td> 0933.5! 933.47 </Td> <Td> 2792 </Td> <Td> 0.897 </Td> <Td> 1.61 </Td> <Td> 82300 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> Si </Td> <Td> Silicon </Td> <Td> from the Latin silex,' flint' (originally silicium) </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 028! 28.085 </Td> <Td> 2.3296 </Td> <Td> 1687! 1687 </Td> <Td> 3538 </Td> <Td> 0.705 </Td> <Td> 1.9 </Td> <Td> 282000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Phosphorus </Td> <Td> the Greek phoosphoros,' carrying light' </Td> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 031! 30.973761998 (5) </Td> <Td> 1.82 </Td> <Td> 0317.3! 317.30 </Td> <Td> 550 </Td> <Td> 0.769 </Td> <Td> 2.19 </Td> <Td> 1050 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Sulfur </Td> <Td> the Latin sulphur,' fire and brimstone' </Td> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 032! 32.06 </Td> <Td> 2.067 </Td> <Td> 0388.4! 388.36 </Td> <Td> 717.87 </Td> <Td> 0.71 </Td> <Td> 2.58 </Td> <Td> 350 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> Cl </Td> <Td> Chlorine </Td> <Td> the Greek chloros,' greenish yellow' </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 035! 35.45 </Td> <Td> 0.003214 </Td> <Td> 0171.6! 171.6 </Td> <Td> 239.11 </Td> <Td> 0.479 </Td> <Td> 3.16 </Td> <Td> 145 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> Ar </Td> <Td> Argon </Td> <Td> the Greek argos,' idle' </Td> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 040! 39.948 (1) </Td> <Td> 0.0017837 </Td> <Td> 0083.8! 83.80 </Td> <Td> 87.30 </Td> <Td> 0.52 </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> 3.5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 19 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Potassium </Td> <Td> New Latin potassa,' potash' (kalium in Latin) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 039! 39.0983 (1) </Td> <Td> 0.862 </Td> <Td> 0336.5! 336.53 </Td> <Td> 1032 </Td> <Td> 0.757 </Td> <Td> 0.82 </Td> <Td> 20900 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> Ca </Td> <Td> Calcium </Td> <Td> the Latin calx,' lime' </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 041! 40.078 (4) </Td> <Td> 1.54 </Td> <Td> 1115! 1115 </Td> <Td> 1757 </Td> <Td> 0.647 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 41500 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> Sc </Td> <Td> Scandium </Td> <Td> Scandia, the Latin name for Scandinavia </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 045! 44.955908 (5) </Td> <Td> 2.989 </Td> <Td> 1814! 1814 </Td> <Td> 3109 </Td> <Td> 0.568 </Td> <Td> 1.36 </Td> <Td> 22 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 22 </Td> <Td> Ti </Td> <Td> Titanium </Td> <Td> Titans, the sons of the Earth goddess of Greek mythology </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 048! 47.867 (1) </Td> <Td> 4.54 </Td> <Td> 1941! 1941 </Td> <Td> 3560 </Td> <Td> 0.523 </Td> <Td> 1.54 </Td> <Td> 5650 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 23 </Td> <Td> V </Td> <Td> Vanadium </Td> <Td> Vanadis, an Old Norse name for the Scandinavian goddess Freyja </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 051! 50.9415 (1) </Td> <Td> 6.11 </Td> <Td> 2183! 2183 </Td> <Td> 3680 </Td> <Td> 0.489 </Td> <Td> 1.63 </Td> <Td> 120 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> Cr </Td> <Td> Chromium </Td> <Td> the Greek chroma,' color' </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 052! 51.9961 (6) </Td> <Td> 7.15 </Td> <Td> 2180! 2180 </Td> <Td> 2944 </Td> <Td> 0.449 </Td> <Td> 1.66 </Td> <Td> 102 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 25 </Td> <Td> Mn </Td> <Td> Manganese </Td> <Td> corrupted from magnesia negra, see Magnesium </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 055! 54.938044 (3) </Td> <Td> 7.44 </Td> <Td> 1519! 1519 </Td> <Td> 2334 </Td> <Td> 0.479 </Td> <Td> 1.55 </Td> <Td> 950 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 26 </Td> <Td> Fe </Td> <Td> Iron </Td> <Td> English word (ferrum in Latin) </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 056! 55.845 (2) </Td> <Td> 7.874 </Td> <Td> 1811! 1811 </Td> <Td> 3134 </Td> <Td> 0.449 </Td> <Td> 1.83 </Td> <Td> 56300 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 27 </Td> <Td> Co </Td> <Td> Cobalt </Td> <Td> the German word Kobold,' goblin' </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 059! 58.933194 (4) </Td> <Td> 8.86 </Td> <Td> 1768! 1768 </Td> <Td> 3200 </Td> <Td> 0.421 </Td> <Td> 1.88 </Td> <Td> 25 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 28 </Td> <Td> Ni </Td> <Td> Nickel </Td> <Td> from a mischievous sprite of German miner mythology, Nickel </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 058! 58.6934 (4) </Td> <Td> 8.912 </Td> <Td> 1728! 1728 </Td> <Td> 3186 </Td> <Td> 0.444 </Td> <Td> 1.91 </Td> <Td> 84 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 29 </Td> <Td> Cu </Td> <Td> Copper </Td> <Td> English word (Latin cuprum) </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 064! 63.546 (3) </Td> <Td> 8.96 </Td> <Td> 1357.77 </Td> <Td> 2835 </Td> <Td> 0.385 </Td> <Td> 1.9 </Td> <Td> 60 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 30 </Td> <Td> Zn </Td> <Td> Zinc </Td> <Td> German word Zinke (prong, tooth) </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 065! 65.38 (2) </Td> <Td> 7.134 </Td> <Td> 0693! 692.88 </Td> <Td> 1180 </Td> <Td> 0.388 </Td> <Td> 1.65 </Td> <Td> 70 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 31 </Td> <Td> Ga </Td> <Td> Gallium </Td> <Td> Gallia, the Latin name for France </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 070! 69.723 (1) </Td> <Td> 5.907 </Td> <Td> 0302.9! 302.9146 </Td> <Td> 2673 </Td> <Td> 0.371 </Td> <Td> 1.81 </Td> <Td> 19 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 32 </Td> <Td> Ge </Td> <Td> Germanium </Td> <Td> Germania, the Latin name for Germany </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 073! 72.630 (8) </Td> <Td> 5.323 </Td> <Td> 1211.40 </Td> <Td> 3106 </Td> <Td> 0.32 </Td> <Td> 2.01 </Td> <Td> 1.5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 33 </Td> <Td> As </Td> <Td> Arsenic </Td> <Td> English word (Latin arsenicum) </Td> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 075! 74.921595 (6) </Td> <Td> 5.776 </Td> <Td> 1090! 1090 </Td> <Td> 887 </Td> <Td> 0.329 </Td> <Td> 2.18 </Td> <Td> 1.8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 34 </Td> <Td> Se </Td> <Td> Selenium </Td> <Td> the Greek selene,' moon' </Td> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 079! 78.971 (8) </Td> <Td> 4.809 </Td> <Td> 0453! 453 </Td> <Td> 958 </Td> <Td> 0.321 </Td> <Td> 2.55 </Td> <Td> 0.05 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 35 </Td> <Td> Br </Td> <Td> Bromine </Td> <Td> the Greek bromos,' stench' </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 080! 79.904 </Td> <Td> 3.122 </Td> <Td> 0265.8! 265.8 </Td> <Td> 332.0 </Td> <Td> 0.474 </Td> <Td> 2.96 </Td> <Td> 2.4 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 36 </Td> <Td> Kr </Td> <Td> Krypton </Td> <Td> the Greek kryptos,' hidden' </Td> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 084! 83.798 (2) </Td> <Td> 0.003733 </Td> <Td> 0115.8! 115.79 </Td> <Td> 119.93 </Td> <Td> 0.248 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td>. 0001! 1 × 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 37 </Td> <Td> Rb </Td> <Td> Rubidium </Td> <Td> the Latin rubidus,' deep red' </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 085! 85.4678 (3) </Td> <Td> 1.532 </Td> <Td> 0312.5! 312.46 </Td> <Td> 961 </Td> <Td> 0.363 </Td> <Td> 0.82 </Td> <Td> 90 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 38 </Td> <Td> Sr </Td> <Td> Strontium </Td> <Td> Strontian, a small town in Scotland </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 087! 87.62 (1) </Td> <Td> 2.64 </Td> <Td> 1050 </Td> <Td> 1655 </Td> <Td> 0.301 </Td> <Td> 0.95 </Td> <Td> 370 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 39 </Td> <Td> Y </Td> <Td> Yttrium </Td> <Td> Ytterby, Sweden </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 089! 88.90584 (2) </Td> <Td> 4.469 </Td> <Td> 1799 </Td> <Td> 3609 </Td> <Td> 0.298 </Td> <Td> 1.22 </Td> <Td> 33 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 40 </Td> <Td> Zr </Td> <Td> Zirconium </Td> <Td> Persian Zargun,' gold - colored'; German Zirkoon,' jargoon' </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 091! 91.224 (2) </Td> <Td> 6.506 </Td> <Td> 2128 </Td> <Td> 4682 </Td> <Td> 0.278 </Td> <Td> 1.33 </Td> <Td> 165 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 41 </Td> <Td> Nb </Td> <Td> Niobium </Td> <Td> Niobe, daughter of king Tantalus from Greek mythology </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 093! 92.90637 (2) </Td> <Td> 8.57 </Td> <Td> 2750 </Td> <Td> 5017 </Td> <Td> 0.265 </Td> <Td> 1.6 </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 42 </Td> <Td> Mo </Td> <Td> Molybdenum </Td> <Td> the Greek molybdos meaning' lead' </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 096! 95.95 (1) </Td> <Td> 10.22 </Td> <Td> 2896 </Td> <Td> 4912 </Td> <Td> 0.251 </Td> <Td> 2.16 </Td> <Td> 1.2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 43 </Td> <Td> Tc </Td> <Td> Technetium </Td> <Td> the Greek tekhnètos meaning' artificial' </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 098! (98) </Td> <Td> 11.5 </Td> <Td> 2430 </Td> <Td> 4538 </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> 1.9 </Td> <Td>. 000000003! ~ 3 × 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 44 </Td> <Td> Ru </Td> <Td> Ruthenium </Td> <Td> Ruthenia, the New Latin name for Russia </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 101.07 (2) </Td> <Td> 12.37 </Td> <Td> 2607 </Td> <Td> 4423 </Td> <Td> 0.238 </Td> <Td> 2.2 </Td> <Td> 0.001 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 45 </Td> <Td> Rh </Td> <Td> Rhodium </Td> <Td> the Greek rhodos, meaning' rose coloured' </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 102.90550 (2) </Td> <Td> 12.41 </Td> <Td> 2237 </Td> <Td> 3968 </Td> <Td> 0.243 </Td> <Td> 2.28 </Td> <Td> 0.001 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 46 </Td> <Td> Pd </Td> <Td> Palladium </Td> <Td> the then recently discovered asteroid Pallas, considered a planet at the time </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 106.42 (1) </Td> <Td> 12.02 </Td> <Td> 1828.05 </Td> <Td> 3236 </Td> <Td> 0.244 </Td> <Td> 2.2 </Td> <Td> 0.015 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 47 </Td> <Td> Ag </Td> <Td> Silver </Td> <Td> English word (argentum in Latin) </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 107.8682 (2) </Td> <Td> 10.501 </Td> <Td> 1234.93 </Td> <Td> 2435 </Td> <Td> 0.235 </Td> <Td> 1.93 </Td> <Td> 0.075 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 48 </Td> <Td> Cd </Td> <Td> Cadmium </Td> <Td> the New Latin cadmia, from King Kadmos </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 112.414 (4) </Td> <Td> 8.69 </Td> <Td> 0594.22! 594.22 </Td> <Td> 1040 </Td> <Td> 0.232 </Td> <Td> 1.69 </Td> <Td> 0.159 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 49 </Td> <Td> In </Td> <Td> Indium </Td> <Td> indigo </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 114.818 (1) </Td> <Td> 7.31 </Td> <Td> 0429.75! 429.75 </Td> <Td> 2345 </Td> <Td> 0.233 </Td> <Td> 1.78 </Td> <Td> 0.25 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 50 </Td> <Td> Sn </Td> <Td> Tin </Td> <Td> English word (stannum in Latin) </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 118.710 (7) </Td> <Td> 7.287 </Td> <Td> 0505.08! 505.08 </Td> <Td> 2875 </Td> <Td> 0.228 </Td> <Td> 1.96 </Td> <Td> 2.3 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 51 </Td> <Td> Sb </Td> <Td> Antimony </Td> <Td> uncertain: perhaps from the Greek anti,' against', and monos,' alone', or the Old French antimoine,' Monk's bane' (stibium in Latin) </Td> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 121.760 (1) </Td> <Td> 6.685 </Td> <Td> 0903.78! 903.78 </Td> <Td> 1860 </Td> <Td> 0.207 </Td> <Td> 2.05 </Td> <Td> 0.2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 52 </Td> <Td> Te </Td> <Td> Tellurium </Td> <Td> Latin tellus,' earth' </Td> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 127.60 (3) </Td> <Td> 6.232 </Td> <Td> 0722.66! 722.66 </Td> <Td> 1261 </Td> <Td> 0.202 </Td> <Td> 2.1 </Td> <Td> 0.001 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 53 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Iodine </Td> <Td> French iode (after the Greek ioeides,' violet') </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 126.90447 (3) </Td> <Td> 4.93 </Td> <Td> 0386.85! 386.85 </Td> <Td> 457.4 </Td> <Td> 0.214 </Td> <Td> 2.66 </Td> <Td> 0.45 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 54 </Td> <Td> Xe </Td> <Td> Xenon </Td> <Td> the Greek xenos,' strange' </Td> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 131.293 (6) </Td> <Td> 0.005887 </Td> <Td> 0161.4! 161.4 </Td> <Td> 165.03 </Td> <Td> 0.158 </Td> <Td> 2.6 </Td> <Td>. 00003! 3 × 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 55 </Td> <Td> Cs </Td> <Td> Caesium </Td> <Td> the Latin caesius,' sky blue' </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 132.90545196 (6) </Td> <Td> 1.873 </Td> <Td> 0301.59! 301.59 </Td> <Td> 944 </Td> <Td> 0.242 </Td> <Td> 0.79 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 56 </Td> <Td> Ba </Td> <Td> Barium </Td> <Td> the Greek barys,' heavy' </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 137.327 (7) </Td> <Td> 3.594 </Td> <Td> 1000 </Td> <Td> 2170 </Td> <Td> 0.204 </Td> <Td> 0.89 </Td> <Td> 425 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 57 </Td> <Td> La </Td> <Td> Lanthanum </Td> <Td> the Greek lanthanein,' to lie hidden' </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 138.90547 (7) </Td> <Td> 6.145 </Td> <Td> 1193 </Td> <Td> 3737 </Td> <Td> 0.195 </Td> <Td> 1.1 </Td> <Td> 39 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 58 </Td> <Td> Ce </Td> <Td> Cerium </Td> <Td> the then recently discovered asteroid Ceres, considered a planet at the time </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 140.116 (1) </Td> <Td> 6.77 </Td> <Td> 1068 </Td> <Td> 3716 </Td> <Td> 0.192 </Td> <Td> 1.12 </Td> <Td> 66.5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 59 </Td> <Td> Pr </Td> <Td> Praseodymium </Td> <Td> the Greek praseios didymos meaning' green twin' </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 140.90766 (2) </Td> <Td> 6.773 </Td> <Td> 1208 </Td> <Td> 3793 </Td> <Td> 0.193 </Td> <Td> 1.13 </Td> <Td> 9.2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 60 </Td> <Td> Nd </Td> <Td> Neodymium </Td> <Td> the Greek neos didymos meaning' new twin' </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 144.242 (3) </Td> <Td> 7.007 </Td> <Td> 1297 </Td> <Td> 3347 </Td> <Td> 0.19 </Td> <Td> 1.14 </Td> <Td> 41.5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 61 </Td> <Td> Pm </Td> <Td> Promethium </Td> <Td> Prometheus of Greek mythology who stole fire from the Gods and gave it to humans </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 145! (145) </Td> <Td> 7.26 </Td> <Td> 1315 </Td> <Td> 3273 </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> 1.13 </Td> <Td>. 0000000000000000002! 2 × 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 62 </Td> <Td> Sm </Td> <Td> Samarium </Td> <Td> Samarskite, the name of the mineral from which it was first isolated </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 150.36 (2) </Td> <Td> 7.52 </Td> <Td> 1345 </Td> <Td> 2067 </Td> <Td> 0.197 </Td> <Td> 1.17 </Td> <Td> 7.05 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 63 </Td> <Td> Eu </Td> <Td> Europium </Td> <Td> Europe </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 151.964 (1) </Td> <Td> 5.243 </Td> <Td> 1099 </Td> <Td> 1802 </Td> <Td> 0.182 </Td> <Td> 1.2 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 64 </Td> <Td> Gd </Td> <Td> Gadolinium </Td> <Td> Johan Gadolin, chemist, physicist and mineralogist </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 157.25 (3) </Td> <Td> 7.895 </Td> <Td> 1585 </Td> <Td> 3546 </Td> <Td> 0.236 </Td> <Td> 1.2 </Td> <Td> 6.2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 65 </Td> <Td> Tb </Td> <Td> Terbium </Td> <Td> Ytterby, Sweden </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 158.92535 (2) </Td> <Td> 8.229 </Td> <Td> 1629 </Td> <Td> 3503 </Td> <Td> 0.182 </Td> <Td> 1.2 </Td> <Td> 1.2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 66 </Td> <Td> Dy </Td> <Td> Dysprosium </Td> <Td> the Greek dysprositos,' hard to get' </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 162.500 (1) </Td> <Td> 8.55 </Td> <Td> 1680 </Td> <Td> 2840 </Td> <Td> 0.17 </Td> <Td> 1.22 </Td> <Td> 5.2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 67 </Td> <Td> Ho </Td> <Td> Holmium </Td> <Td> Holmia, the New Latin name for Stockholm </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 164.93033 (2) </Td> <Td> 8.795 </Td> <Td> 1734 </Td> <Td> 2993 </Td> <Td> 0.165 </Td> <Td> 1.23 </Td> <Td> 1.3 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 68 </Td> <Td> Er </Td> <Td> Erbium </Td> <Td> Ytterby, Sweden </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 167.259 (3) </Td> <Td> 9.066 </Td> <Td> 1802 </Td> <Td> 3141 </Td> <Td> 0.168 </Td> <Td> 1.24 </Td> <Td> 3.5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 69 </Td> <Td> Tm </Td> <Td> Thulium </Td> <Td> Thule, the ancient name for Scandinavia </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 168.93422 (2) </Td> <Td> 9.321 </Td> <Td> 1818 </Td> <Td> 2223 </Td> <Td> 0.16 </Td> <Td> 1.25 </Td> <Td> 0.52 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 70 </Td> <Td> Yb </Td> <Td> Ytterbium </Td> <Td> Ytterby, Sweden </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 173.045 (10) </Td> <Td> 6.965 </Td> <Td> 1097 </Td> <Td> 1469 </Td> <Td> 0.155 </Td> <Td> 1.1 </Td> <Td> 3.2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 71 </Td> <Td> Lu </Td> <Td> Lutetium </Td> <Td> Lutetia, the Latin name for Paris </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 174.9668 (1) </Td> <Td> 9.84 </Td> <Td> 1925 </Td> <Td> 3675 </Td> <Td> 0.154 </Td> <Td> 1.27 </Td> <Td> 0.8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 72 </Td> <Td> Hf </Td> <Td> Hafnium </Td> <Td> Hafnia, the New Latin name for Copenhagen </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 178.49 (2) </Td> <Td> 13.31 </Td> <Td> 2506 </Td> <Td> 4876 </Td> <Td> 0.144 </Td> <Td> 1.3 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 73 </Td> <Td> Ta </Td> <Td> Tantalum </Td> <Td> King Tantalus, father of Niobe from Greek mythology </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 180.94788 (2) </Td> <Td> 16.654 </Td> <Td> 3290 </Td> <Td> 5731 </Td> <Td> 0.14 </Td> <Td> 1.5 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 74 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Tungsten </Td> <Td> the Swedish tung sten,' heavy stone' (W is wolfram, the old name of the tungsten mineral wolframite) </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 183.84 (1) </Td> <Td> 19.25 </Td> <Td> 3695 </Td> <Td> 5828 </Td> <Td> 0.132 </Td> <Td> 2.36 </Td> <Td> 1.3 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 75 </Td> <Td> Re </Td> <Td> Rhenium </Td> <Td> Rhenus, the Latin name for the river Rhine </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 186.207 (1) </Td> <Td> 21.02 </Td> <Td> 3459 </Td> <Td> 5869 </Td> <Td> 0.137 </Td> <Td> 1.9 </Td> <Td>. 0007! 7 × 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 76 </Td> <Td> Os </Td> <Td> Osmium </Td> <Td> the Greek osmè, meaning' smell' </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 190.23 (3) </Td> <Td> 22.61 </Td> <Td> 3306 </Td> <Td> 5285 </Td> <Td> 0.13 </Td> <Td> 2.2 </Td> <Td> 0.002 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 77 </Td> <Td> Ir </Td> <Td> Iridium </Td> <Td> Iris, the Greek goddess of the rainbow </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 192.217 (3) </Td> <Td> 22.56 </Td> <Td> 2719 </Td> <Td> 4701 </Td> <Td> 0.131 </Td> <Td> 2.2 </Td> <Td> 0.001 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 78 </Td> <Td> Pt </Td> <Td> Platinum </Td> <Td> the Spanish platina, meaning' little silver' </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 195.084 (9) </Td> <Td> 21.46 </Td> <Td> 2041.4 </Td> <Td> 4098 </Td> <Td> 0.133 </Td> <Td> 2.28 </Td> <Td> 0.005 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 79 </Td> <Td> Au </Td> <Td> Gold </Td> <Td> English word (aurum in Latin) </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 196.966569 (5) </Td> <Td> 19.282 </Td> <Td> 1337.33 </Td> <Td> 3129 </Td> <Td> 0.129 </Td> <Td> 2.54 </Td> <Td> 0.004 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 80 </Td> <Td> Hg </Td> <Td> Mercury </Td> <Td> the New Latin name mercurius, named after the Roman god (Hg from former name hydrargyrum, from Greek hydr -,' water', and argyros,' silver') </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 200.592 (3) </Td> <Td> 13.5336 </Td> <Td> 0234.43! 234.43 </Td> <Td> 629.88 </Td> <Td> 0.14 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0.085 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 81 </Td> <Td> Tl </Td> <Td> Thallium </Td> <Td> the Greek thallos,' green twig' </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 204.38 </Td> <Td> 11.85 </Td> <Td> 0577! 577 </Td> <Td> 1746 </Td> <Td> 0.129 </Td> <Td> 1.62 </Td> <Td> 0.85 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 82 </Td> <Td> Pb </Td> <Td> Lead </Td> <Td> English word (plumbum in Latin) </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 207.2 (1) </Td> <Td> 11.342 </Td> <Td> 0600.61! 600.61 </Td> <Td> 2022 </Td> <Td> 0.129 </Td> <Td> 1.87 </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 83 </Td> <Td> Bi </Td> <Td> Bismuth </Td> <Td> Uncertain, possibly Arabic or German </Td> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 208.98040 (1) </Td> <Td> 9.807 </Td> <Td> 0544.7! 544.7 </Td> <Td> 1837 </Td> <Td> 0.122 </Td> <Td> 2.02 </Td> <Td> 0.009 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 84 </Td> <Td> Po </Td> <Td> Polonium </Td> <Td> Named after the home country of Marie Curie (Polonia, Latin for Poland), who is also the discoverer of Radium </Td> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 209! (209) </Td> <Td> 9.32 </Td> <Td> 0527! 527 </Td> <Td> 1235 </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> 2.0 </Td> <Td>. 0000000002! 2 × 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 85 </Td> <Td> At </Td> <Td> Astatine </Td> <Td> the Greek astatos,' unstable' </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 210! (210) </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 0575! 575 </Td> <Td> 610 </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> 2.2 </Td> <Td> 0.000000000000000000003! 3 × 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 86 </Td> <Td> Rn </Td> <Td> Radon </Td> <Td> From radium, as it was first detected as an emission from radium during radioactive decay </Td> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 222! (222) </Td> <Td> 0.00973 </Td> <Td> 0202! 202 </Td> <Td> 211.3 </Td> <Td> 0.094 </Td> <Td> 2.2 </Td> <Td>. 0000000000004! 4 × 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 87 </Td> <Td> Fr </Td> <Td> Francium </Td> <Td> Francia, the New Latin name for France </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 223! (223) </Td> <Td> 1.87 </Td> <Td> 0300! 300 </Td> <Td> 950 </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> 0.7 </Td> <Td> 0.000000000000000001! ~ 1 × 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 88 </Td> <Td> Ra </Td> <Td> Radium </Td> <Td> the Latin radius,' ray' </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 223! (226) </Td> <Td> 5.5 </Td> <Td> 0973! 973 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0.094 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td>. 0000009! 9 × 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 89 </Td> <Td> Ac </Td> <Td> Actinium </Td> <Td> the Greek aktis,' ray' </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 227! (227) </Td> <Td> 10.07 </Td> <Td> 1323 </Td> <Td> 3471 </Td> <Td> 0.12 </Td> <Td> 1.1 </Td> <Td>. 00000000055! 5.5 × 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 90 </Td> <Td> Th </Td> <Td> Thorium </Td> <Td> Thor, the Scandinavian god of thunder </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 232.0377 (4) </Td> <Td> 11.72 </Td> <Td> 2115 </Td> <Td> 5061 </Td> <Td> 0.113 </Td> <Td> 1.3 </Td> <Td> 9.6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 91 </Td> <Td> Pa </Td> <Td> Protactinium </Td> <Td> the Greek protos,' first', and actinium, which is produced through the radioactive decay of protactinium </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 231.03588 (2) </Td> <Td> 15.37 </Td> <Td> 1841 </Td> <Td> 4300 </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> 1.5 </Td> <Td>. 0000014! 1.4 × 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 92 </Td> <Td> U </Td> <Td> Uranium </Td> <Td> Uranus, the seventh planet in the Solar System </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 238.02891 (3) </Td> <Td> 18.95 </Td> <Td> 1405.3 </Td> <Td> 4404 </Td> <Td> 0.116 </Td> <Td> 1.38 </Td> <Td> 2.7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 93 </Td> <Td> Np </Td> <Td> Neptunium </Td> <Td> Neptune, the eighth planet in the Solar System </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 237! (237) </Td> <Td> 20.45 </Td> <Td> 0917! 917 </Td> <Td> 4273 </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> 1.36 </Td> <Td> 0.000000000003! ≤ 3 × 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 94 </Td> <Td> Pu </Td> <Td> Plutonium </Td> <Td> Pluto, a dwarf planet in the Solar System (then considered the ninth planet) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 244! (244) </Td> <Td> 19.84 </Td> <Td> 0912.5! 912.5 </Td> <Td> 3501 </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> 1.28 </Td> <Td> 0.00000000003! ≤ 3 × 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 95 </Td> <Td> Am </Td> <Td> Americium </Td> <Td> The Americas, as the element was first synthesized on the continent, by analogy with europium </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 243! (243) </Td> <Td> 13.69 </Td> <Td> 1449 </Td> <Td> 2880 </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> 1.13 </Td> <Td> 0! 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 96 </Td> <Td> Cm </Td> <Td> Curium </Td> <Td> Pierre Curie, a physicist, and Marie Curie, a physicist and chemist, named after great scientists by analogy with gadolinium </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 247! (247) </Td> <Td> 13.51 </Td> <Td> 1613 </Td> <Td> 3383 </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> 1.28 </Td> <Td> 0! 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 97 </Td> <Td> Bk </Td> <Td> Berkelium </Td> <Td> Berkeley, California, where the element was first synthesized, by analogy with terbium </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 247! (247) </Td> <Td> 14.79 </Td> <Td> 1259 </Td> <Td> 2900 </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> 1.3 </Td> <Td> 0! 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 98 </Td> <Td> Cf </Td> <Td> Californium </Td> <Td> California, where the element was first synthesized </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 251! (251) </Td> <Td> 15.1 </Td> <Td> 1173 </Td> <Td> 1743! (1743) </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> 1.3 </Td> <Td> 0! 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 99 </Td> <Td> Es </Td> <Td> Einsteinium </Td> <Td> Albert Einstein, physicist </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 252! (252) </Td> <Td> 8.84 </Td> <Td> 1133 </Td> <Td> 1269! (1269) </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> 1.3 </Td> <Td> 0! 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 100 </Td> <Td> Fm </Td> <Td> Fermium </Td> <Td> Enrico Fermi, physicist </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 257! (257) </Td> <Td> 9.7! (9.7) </Td> <Td> 1125! (1125) </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> 1.3 </Td> <Td> 0! 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 101 </Td> <Td> Md </Td> <Td> Mendelevium </Td> <Td> Dmitri Mendeleev, chemist and inventor </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 258! (258) </Td> <Td> 10.3! (10.3) </Td> <Td> 1100! (1100) </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> 1.3 </Td> <Td> 0! 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 102 </Td> <Td> No </Td> <Td> Nobelium </Td> <Td> Alfred Nobel, chemist, engineer, innovator, and armaments manufacturer </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 259! (259) </Td> <Td> 9.9! (9.9) </Td> <Td> 1100! (1100) </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> 1.3 </Td> <Td> 0! 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 103 </Td> <Td> Lr </Td> <Td> Lawrencium </Td> <Td> Ernest O. Lawrence, physicist </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 266! (266) </Td> <Td> 15.6! (15.6) </Td> <Td> 1900! (1900) </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> 1.3 </Td> <Td> 0! 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 104 </Td> <Td> Rf </Td> <Td> Rutherfordium </Td> <Td> Ernest Rutherford, chemist and physicist </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 267! (267) </Td> <Td> 23.2! (23.2) </Td> <Td> 2400! (2400) </Td> <Td> 5800! (5800) </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> 0! 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 105 </Td> <Td> Db </Td> <Td> Dubnium </Td> <Td> Dubna, Russia </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 268! (268) </Td> <Td> 29.3! (29.3) </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> 0! 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 106 </Td> <Td> Sg </Td> <Td> Seaborgium </Td> <Td> Glenn T. Seaborg, scientist </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 269! (269) </Td> <Td> 35.0! (35.0) </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> 0! 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 107 </Td> <Td> Bh </Td> <Td> Bohrium </Td> <Td> Niels Bohr, physicist </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 270! (270) </Td> <Td> 37.1! (37.1) </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> 0! 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 108 </Td> <Td> Hs </Td> <Td> Hassium </Td> <Td> Hesse, Germany, where the element was first synthesized </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 277! (277) </Td> <Td> 40.7! (40.7) </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> 0! 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 109 </Td> <Td> Mt </Td> <Td> Meitnerium </Td> <Td> Lise Meitner, physicist </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 278! (278) </Td> <Td> 37.4! (37.4) </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> 0! 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 110 </Td> <Td> Ds </Td> <Td> Darmstadtium </Td> <Td> Darmstadt, Germany, where the element was first synthesized </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 281! (281) </Td> <Td> 34.8! (34.8) </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> 0! 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 111 </Td> <Td> Rg </Td> <Td> Roentgenium </Td> <Td> Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, physicist </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 282! (282) </Td> <Td> 28.7! (28.7) </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> 0! 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 112 </Td> <Td> Cn </Td> <Td> Copernicium </Td> <Td> Nicolaus Copernicus, astronomer </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 285! (285) </Td> <Td> 23.7! (23.7) </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> 357! ~ 357 </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> 0! 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 113 </Td> <Td> Nh </Td> <Td> Nihonium </Td> <Td> the Japanese name for Japan, Nihon, where the element was first synthesized </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 286! (286) </Td> <Td> 16! (16) </Td> <Td> 0700! (700) </Td> <Td> 1400! (1400) </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> 0! 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 114 </Td> <Td> Fl </Td> <Td> Flerovium </Td> <Td> Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, part of JINR where the element was synthesized; itself named for Georgy Flyorov, physicist </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 289! (289) </Td> <Td> 14! (14) </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> 210! ~ 210 </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> 0! 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 115 </Td> <Td> Mc </Td> <Td> Moscovium </Td> <Td> Moscow Oblast, Russia, where the element was first synthesized </Td> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 290! (290) </Td> <Td> 13.5! (13.5) </Td> <Td> 0700! (700) </Td> <Td> 1400! (1400) </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> 0! 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 116 </Td> <Td> Lv </Td> <Td> Livermorium </Td> <Td> Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (in Livermore, California) which collaborated with JINR on its synthesis </Td> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 293! (293) </Td> <Td> 12.9! (12.9) </Td> <Td> 0709! (709) </Td> <Td> 1085! (1085) </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> 0! 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 117 </Td> <Td> Ts </Td> <Td> Tennessine </Td> <Td> Tennessee, United States </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 294! (294) </Td> <Td> 7.2! (7.2) </Td> <Td> 0723! (723) </Td> <Td> 0883! (883) </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> 0! 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 118 </Td> <Td> Og </Td> <Td> Oganesson </Td> <Td> Yuri Oganessian, physicist </Td> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 294! (294) </Td> <Td> 5.0! (5.0) </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> 350! (350) </Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td>--</Td> <Td> 0! 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="13"> <P> Notes </P> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to: Z is the standard symbol for atomic number; C is the standard symbol for heat capacity; and χ is the standard symbol for electronegativity on the Pauling scale . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Unless otherwise indicated, elements are primordial--they occur naturally, and not through decay . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to: The isotopic composition of this element varies in some geological specimens, and the variation may exceed the uncertainty stated in the table . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to: The isotopic composition of the element can vary in commercial materials, which can cause the atomic weight to deviate significantly from the given value . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to: The isotopic composition varies in terrestrial material such that a more precise atomic weight cannot be given . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to: The value listed is the conventional atomic - weight value suitable for trade and commerce . The actual value may differ depending on the isotopic composition of the sample . Since 2009, IUPAC provides the standard atomic - weight values for these elements using the interval notation . The corresponding standard atomic weights are: <Ul> <Li> Hydrogen: (1.00784, 1.00811) </Li> <Li> Lithium: (6.938, 6.997) </Li> <Li> Boron: (10.806, 10.821) </Li> <Li> Carbon: (12.0096, 12.0116) </Li> <Li> Nitrogen: (14.00643, 14.00728) </Li> <Li> Oxygen: (15.99903, 15.99977) </Li> <Li> Magnesium: (24.304, 24.307) </Li> <Li> Silicon: (28.084, 28.086) </Li> <Li> Sulfur: (32.059, 32.076) </Li> <Li> Chlorine: (35.446, 35.457) </Li> <Li> Bromine: (79.901, 79.907) </Li> <Li> Thallium: (204.382, 204.385) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Helium does not solidify at a pressure of one atmosphere . Helium can only solidify at pressures above 25 atmospheres, which corresponds to a melting point of absolute zero . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ The atomic weight of commercial lithium can vary between 6.939 and 6.996--analysis of the specific material is necessary to find a more accurate value . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ This element sublimes at one atmosphere of pressure . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to: The element does not have any stable nuclides, and a value in brackets, e.g. (209), indicates the mass number of the longest - lived isotope of the element . However, four such elements, bismuth, thorium, protactinium, and uranium, have characteristic terrestrial isotopic compositions, and thus their standard atomic weights are given . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to: This element is transient--it occurs only through decay . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to: This element is synthetic--the transuranic elements 95 and above do not occur naturally, but they can all be produced artificially . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to: The value has not been precisely measured, usually because of the element's short half - life; the value given in parentheses is a prediction . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ With error bars: 357 K . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ This predicted value is for liquid oganesson, not gaseous oganesson . </Li> </Ol> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan="13"> (hide) List of chemical elements </Th> </Tr>

What does the symbol c stand for in the periodic table