<Li> Licensing of public accommodations </Li> <Li> Basic public services </Li> <P> Although Cooperative Federalism has roots in the civil war, the Great Depression marked an abrupt end to Dual Federalism and a dramatic shift to a strong national government . President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal policies reached into the lives of U.S. citizens like no other federal measure had . As the Supreme Court had rejected nearly all of Roosevelt's economic proposals, the president proposed the Judicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937 to add more members . The expansion of the Court along with a Democrat - controlled Congress would tilt Court rulings in favor of Roosevelt's policies . Lowi notes three Supreme Court cases that validated the shift in power: </P> <Ul> <Li> National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation, </Li> <Li> Helvering v. Davis, and </Li> <Li> Steward Machine Company v. Davis . </Li> </Ul>

During the great depression the u.s. government adopted a type of federalism known as