<P> The Mirror of literature, amusement, and instruction, Volume 7, 1845 </P> <P> The later antagonism of Chinese toward foreigners was a result of the "reprehensible" behavior of first Portuguese who made contact . </P> <P> However, with gradual improvement of relations and aid given against the Wokou pirates along China's shores, by 1557 Ming China finally agreed to allow the Portuguese to settle at Macau in a new Portuguese trade colony . The Malay Sultanate of Johor also improved relations with the Portuguese and fought alongside them against the Aceh Sultanate . </P> <P> The Malay Malacca Sultanate was a tributary state and ally to Ming Dynasty China . When Portugal conquered Malacca in 1511 and committed atrocities against the Malay Sultanate, the Chinese responded with violent force against Portugal . </P>

Which economic activity did relations between europe and ming china