<P> Using the Köppen climate classification, the lower elevations of the Himalayas, reaching in mid elevations in central Nepal (including the Kathmandu valley), are classified as Cwa, Humid subtropical climate with dry winters . Higher up, most of the Himalayas have a subtropical highland climate (Cwb). </P> <P> In the furthest west of the Himalayas, in the west of the Kashmir valley and the Indus valley, the South Asian monsoon is no longer a dominant factor and most precipitation falls in the spring . Srinagar receives around 723 millimetres (28 in) around half the rainfall of locations such as Shimla and Kathmandu, with the wettest months being March and April . </P> <P> The northern side of the Himalayas, also known as the Tibetan Himalaya, is dry, cold and generally wind swept particularly in the west where it has a cold desert climate . The vegetation is sparse and stunted and the winters are severely cold . Most of the precipitation in the region is in the form of snow during late winter and spring months . </P> <P> Local impacts on climate are significant throughout the Himalayas . Temperatures fall by 6.5 ° C (11.7 ° F) for every 1000m rise in altitude . This gives rise to a variety of climates from nearly tropical in the foothills to tundra and permanent snow and ice . Local climate is also affected by the topography: The leeward side of the mountains receive less rain while the well exposed slopes get heavy rainfall and the rain shadow of large mountains can be significant, for example leading to near desert conditions in the Upper Mustang which is sheltered from the monsoon rains by the Annapurna and Dhaulagiri massifs and has annual precipitation of around 300mm, while Pokhara on the southern side of the massifs has substantial rainfall (3,900 mm / year). Thus although annual precipitation is generally higher in east than the west, local variations are often more important . </P>

What is the northern most range of the himalayas known as