<P> To help countermand the voting fraud, around 1,200 New England Yankees emigrated to the Kansas Territory by the summer of 1855 . The abolitionist Henry Ward Beecher armed many of them with Sharps rifles, which allegedly became known as "Beecher's Bibles" for their shipment in wooden crates so labeled . </P> <P> In response to the disputed votes and rising tension, Congress sent a special committee to the Kansas Territory in 1856 . The committee report concluded that if the election on March 30, 1855, had been limited to "actual settlers" it would have elected a Free - State legislature . The report also stated that the legislature actually seated "was an illegally constituted body, and had no power to pass valid laws ." Nevertheless, the pro-slavery territorial legislature convened in the newly created territorial capital in Pawnee on July 2, 1855 . The legislature immediately invalidated the results from the special election in May and seated the pro-slavery delegates elected in March . After only one week in Pawnee, the legislature moved the territorial capital to the Shawnee Mission on the Missouri border, where it reconvened and began passing laws favorable to slaveholders . </P> <P> In August, anti-slavery residents met to formally reject the pro-slavery laws . They quickly elected their own Free - State delegates to a separate legislature based in Topeka, which stood in opposition to the pro-slavery government operating in Lecompton, and drafted the first territorial constitution, the Topeka Constitution . In a message to Congress on January 24, 1856, President Pierce declared the Free - State Topeka government insurrectionist in its stand against pro-slavery territorial officials . The presence of dual governments was symbolic of the strife brewing in the territory and further provoked supporters of both sides of the conflict . </P> <P> In October 1855, outspoken abolitionist John Brown arrived in the Kansas Territory to fight slavery . On November 21, the so - called Wakarusa War began when a Free - Stater named Charles Dow was shot by a pro-slavery settler . The war had one fatality, when Free - Stater Thomas Barber was shot and killed near Lawrence on December 6 . On May 21, 1856, Missourians invaded Lawrence and burned the Free State Hotel, destroyed two newspaper offices, and ransacked homes and stores . </P>

Why did the territory of kansas have two governments
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