<P> Hobbing machines, also known as hobbers, are fully automated machines that come in many sizes, because they need to be able to produce anything from tiny instrument gears up to 10 ft (3.0 m) diameter marine gears . Each gear hobbing machine typically consists of a chuck and tailstock, to hold the workpiece or a spindle, a spindle on which the hob is mounted, and a drive motor . </P> <P> For a tooth profile which is a theoretical involute, the fundamental rack is straight - sided, with sides inclined at the pressure angle of the tooth form, with flat top and bottom . The necessary addendum correction to allow the use of small - numbered pinions can either be obtained by suitable modification of this rack to a cycloidal form at the tips, or by hobbing at other than the theoretical pitch circle diameter . Since the gear ratio between hob and blank is fixed, the resulting gear will have the correct pitch on the pitch circle, but the tooth thickness will not be equal to the space width . </P> <P> Hobbing machines are characterised by the largest module or pitch diameter it can generate . For example, a 10 in (250 mm) capacity machine can generate gears with a 10 in pitch diameter and usually a maximum of a 10 in face width . Most hobbing machines are vertical hobbers, which means the blank is mounted vertically . Horizontal hobbing machines are usually used for cutting longer workpieces; i.e. cutting splines on the end of a shaft . </P> <P> The hob is a cutting tool used to cut the teeth into the workpiece . It is cylindrical in shape with helical cutting teeth . These teeth have grooves that run the length of the hob, which aid in cutting and chip removal . There are also special hobs designed for special gears such as the spline and sprocket gears . </P>

Which one of the following method produces gear by generation process