<P> In some versions of social contract theory, there are no rights in the state of nature, only freedoms, and it is the contract that creates rights and obligations . In other versions the opposite occurs: the contract imposes restrictions upon individuals that curtail their natural rights . </P> <P> Societies existing before or without a political state are currently studied in such fields as paleolithic history, and the anthropological subfields of archaeology, cultural anthropology, social anthropology, and ethnology, which investigate the social and power - related structures of indigenous and uncontacted peoples living in tribal communities . </P> <P> The early Warring States philosopher Mozi was the first thinker in ancient China to develop an ideal state of nature as a premise to defend the need of a single ruler in a state . According to him, on that state each person have their own moral (yi: 義). As a result, people were unable to reach agreements and resources were wasted . Since his philosophy promotes the actions that leads to the benefit (li: 利) of the state, such natural organization was rejected: </P> <P> "In the beginning of human life, when there was yet no law and government, the custom was "everybody according to his moral (yi: 義)." Accordingly each man had his own moral, two men had two different morals and ten men had ten different morals--the more people the more different notions . And everybody approved of his own moral and disapproved the views of others, and so arose mutual disapproval among men . As a result, father and son and elder and younger brothers became enemies and were estranged from each other, since they were unable to reach any agreement . Everybody worked for the disadvantage of the others with water, fire, and poison . Surplus energy was not spent for mutual aid; surplus goods were allowed to rot without sharing; excellent teachings (dao: 道) were kept secret and not revealed ." Chapter 3 - 1 </P>

Who came up with the state of nature