<P> Judges used to be appointed by the President on the advice of the Union Cabinet . After 1993 (the Second judges' Case), no minister, or even the executive collectively, can suggest any names to the President, who ultimately decides on appointing them from a list of names recommended only by the collegium of the judiciary . Simultaneously, as held in that judgment, the executive was given the power to reject a recommended name . However, according to some, the executive has not been diligent in using this power to reject the names of bad candidates recommended by the judiciary . </P> <P> The collegium system has come under a fair amount of criticism . In 2015, the parliament passed a law to replace the collegium with a National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC). This was struck down as unconstitutional by the supreme court, in the Fourth judges' Case, as the new system would undermine the independence of the judiciary . Putting the old system of the collegium back, the court invited suggestions, even from the general public, on how to improve the collegium system, broadly along the lines of--setting up an eligibility criteria for appointments, a permanent secretariat to help the collegium sift through material on potential candidates, infusing more transparency into the selection process, grievance redressal and any other suggestion not in these four categories, like transfer of judges . This resulted in the court asking the government and the collegium to finalize the memorandum of procedure incorporating the above . </P> <P> Once, in 2009, the recommendation for the appointment of a judge of a high court made by the collegium of that court, had come to be challenged in the supreme court . The court held that who could become a judge was a matter of fact, and any person had a right to question it . But who should become a judge was a matter of opinion and could not be questioned . As long as an effective consultation took place within a collegium in arriving at that opinion, the content or material placed before it to form the opinion could not be called for scrutiny in court . </P> <P> Supreme court judges retire at the age of 65 . However, there have been suggestions from the judges of the Supreme Court of India to provide for a fixed term for the judges including the Chief Justice of India . </P>

The composition of parliament has been stated under article