<P> In the academic year 1962--1963, the President was Tom Hayden, the Vice President was Paul Booth and the National Secretary was Jim Monsonis . There were nine chapters with, at most, about 1000 members . The national office (NO) in New York City consisted of a few desks, some broken chairs, a couple of file cabinets and a few typewriters . As a student group with a strong belief in decentralization and a distrust for most organizations, the SDS did not have a strong central bureaucracy . The three stalwarts at the office, Don McKelvey, Steve Max, and the National Secretary, Jim Monsonis, worked long hours for little pay to service the local chapters, and to help establish new ones . Even during the Cuban Missile Crisis in October, little could be accomplished . Most activity was oriented toward civil rights issues and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) played a key role in inspiring SDS . </P> <P> By the end of the academic year, there were over 200 delegates at the annual convention at Pine Hill, New York, from 32 different colleges and universities . It was then decided to give more power to the chapters, who would then send delegates to the National Council (NC), which would meet quarterly to handle the ongoing activities . Also, in the spirit of participatory democracy, a consensus was reached to elect new officers each year . Lee Webb of Boston University was chosen as National Secretary, and Todd Gitlin of Harvard University was made president . Some continuity was preserved by retaining Paul Booth as Vice President . The search began for something to challenge the idealistic, budding activists . </P> <P> SDS New School in the building of the Presidio Hills School, 3839 Washington St., in San Francisco was founded in January 1964 by Saul Landau, Alvin Duskin (former president of Emerson College), Paul Jacobs, Carl Werthman (sociologist), Ronnie Davis (a playwrite and director), Mike Miller (SNCC), and Bob Scheer . </P> <P> It was at this time that the Black Power Movement was first gaining some momentum (although Stokely Carmichael would make the movement more mainstream in 1966). The movement made it impolitic for white activists, such as those in SDS, to presume to lead protests for black civil rights . Instead, SDS would try to organize white unemployed youths through a newly established program they called the Economic Research and Action Project (ERAP). This "into the ghetto" move was a practical failure, but the fact that it existed at all drew many young idealists to SDS . </P>

For which of the following purposes was the organization students for a democratic society founded