<P> The Jack Russell is frequently confused with the Parson Russell terrier (see the American Kennel Club) and the Russell terrier, which is a shorter - legged, stockier variety . (Within the Fédération Cynologique Internationale, the "Russell terrier" is also known as "Jack Russell terrier".) The term "Jack Russell" is also commonly misapplied to other small white terriers . The Jack Russell is a broad type, with a size range of 10--15 inches (25--38 cm). The Parson Russell is limited only to a middle range with a standard size of 12--14 inches (30--36 cm), while the Russell terrier is smaller at 8--12 inches (20--30 cm). Each breed has different physical proportions according to the standards of their breed clubs . </P> <P> Jack Russells are an energetic breed that rely on a high level of exercise and stimulation and are relatively free from serious health complaints . Originating from dogs bred and used by Reverend John Russell in the early 19th century, from whom the breed takes its name, the Jack Russell has similar origins to the modern Fox terrier . It has gone through several changes over the years, corresponding to different use and breed standards set by kennel clubs . Recognition by kennel clubs for the Jack Russell breed has been opposed by the breed's parent societies--which resulted in the breeding and recognition of the Parson Russell terrier . Jack Russells have appeared many times in film, television, and print--with several historical dogs of note . </P> <P> The small white fox - working terriers we know today were first bred by the Reverend John Russell, a parson and hunting enthusiast born in 1795, and they can trace their origin to the now extinct English white terrier . Difficulty in differentiating the dog from the creature it was pursuing brought about the need for a mostly white dog, and so in 1819 during his last year of university at Exeter College, Oxford, he purchased a small white and tan terrier female named Trump from a local milkman in the nearby small hamlet of Elsfield or Marston). Trump epitomised his ideal Fox terrier, which, at the time, was a term used for any terrier which was used to bolt foxes out of their burrows . Her colouring was described as "...white, with just a patch of dark tan over each eye and ear; whilst a similar dot, not larger than a penny piece, marks the root of the tail ." Davies, a friend of Russell's, wrote: "Trump was such an animal as Russell had only seen in his dreams". She was the basis for a breeding program to develop a terrier with high stamina for the hunt as well as the courage and formation to chase out foxes that had gone to ground . By the 1850s, these dogs were recognised as a distinct breed . </P> <P> An important attribute in this dog was a tempered aggressiveness that would provide the necessary drive to pursue and bolt the fox, without resulting in physical harm to the quarry and effectively ending the chase, which was considered unsporting . Russell was said to have prided himself that his terriers never tasted blood . This line of terriers developed by John Russell was well respected for those qualities, and his dogs were often taken on by hunt enthusiasts . It is unlikely, however, that any dogs alive today can be proven to be descendants from Trump, as Russell was forced to sell all his dogs on more than one occasion because of financial difficulty, and had only four aged (and non-breeding) terriers left when he died in 1883 . </P>

Where did the jack russell terrier originate from
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