<P> (8) John only introduced Bill to (SUE). </P> <P> The meaning of (7) can be summarized as the only thing John did was introduce Bill to Sue . The meaning of (8) can be summarized as the only person to whom John introduced Bill is Sue . </P> <P> In both (7) and (8), focus is associated with the focus sensitive expression only . This is known as association with focus . The class of focus sensitive expressions in which focus can be associated with includes exclusives (only, just) non-scalar additives (merely, too) scalar additives (also, even), particularlizers (in particular, for example), intensifiers, quantificational adverbs, quantificational determiners, sentential connectives, emotives, counterfactuals, superlatives, negation and generics . It is claimed that focus operators must c - command their focus . </P> <P> Beginning with Rooth, the effects of focus on semantics can be said to be the introduction of a set of alternatives that contrasts with the ordinary semantic meaning of a sentence . Consider the following example: </P>

The accenting function can be summarized in which of the following ways