<P> Prior to the arrival of Augustine of Canterbury in England in 597 education was an oral affair, or followed the Roman model in diaspora and integrated families . </P> <P> The earliest known organised schools in England were connected to the church . Augustine established a church in Canterbury (which later became St Augustine's Abbey) in 598, which included a school for the study of religious texts, and in 604 this was joined by another school at what is now Rochester Cathedral . Further schools were established throughout the British Isles in the seventh and eighth centuries, generally following one of two forms: grammar schools to teach Latin, and song schools to train singers for cathedral choirs . </P> <P> During the Middle Ages, schools were established to teach Latin grammar to the sons of the aristocracy destined for priesthood or monastic work with the ministry of government or the law . Two universities were established in affiliation with the church: the University of Oxford, followed by the University of Cambridge, to assist in the further training of the Catholic Christian clergy . A reformed system of "free grammar schools" was established in the reign of Edward VI; these too provided routes towards priesthood . Apprenticeship was the main way for youths to enter practical occupations . </P> <P> The Protestant Reformation had a major influence on education and literacy in England, as it encouraged the reading of the Bible in English ("the vernacular"). . However, the availability of Bibles printed in English had spurred the reformation and can be seen as a more reliable cause of that change . </P>

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