<P> The plan of the Church of Saint Front, Périgueux, France, was influenced by Byzantine architecture seen by the Crusaders . The present appearance is largely due to restorer Paul Abadie, mid-19th Century </P> <P> The general impression given by Romanesque architecture, in both ecclesiastical and secular buildings, is one of massive solidity and strength . In contrast with both the preceding Roman and later Gothic architecture, in which the load - bearing structural members are, or appear to be, columns, pilasters and arches, Romanesque architecture, in common with Byzantine architecture, relies upon its walls, or sections of walls called piers . </P> <P> Romanesque architecture is often divided into two periods known as the "First Romanesque" style and the "Romanesque" style . The difference is chiefly a matter of the expertise with which the buildings were constructed . The First Romanesque employed rubble walls, smaller windows and unvaulted roofs . A greater refinement marks the Second Romanesque, along with increased use of the vault and dressed stone . </P> <P> The walls of Romanesque buildings are often of massive thickness with few and comparatively small openings . They are often double shells, filled with rubble . </P>

Which of the following is characteristic of romanesque sculpture