<P> Touching is treated differently from one country to another and socially acceptable levels of touching vary from one culture to another (Remland, 2009). In Thai culture, for example, touching someone's head may be thought rude . Remland and Jones (1995) studied groups of people communicating and found that touching was rare among the English (8%), the French (5%) and the Dutch (4%) compared to Italians (14%) and Greeks (12.5%). Striking, pushing, pulling, pinching, kicking, strangling and hand - to - hand fighting are forms of touch in the context of physical abuse . </P> <P> Proxemics is the study of the cultural, behavioral, and sociological aspects of spatial distances between individuals . Every person has a particular space that they keep to themselves when communicating, like a personal bubble . When used as a type of nonverbal signal in communication, proxemics helps to determine the space between individuals while they interact . There are four types of proxemics with different distances depending on the situation and people involved . Intimate distance is used for close encounters like embracing, touching, or whispering . Personal distance is for interactions with close friends and family members . Social distance is for interactions among acquaintances . It is mostly used in workplace or school settings where there is no physical contact . Public distance is for strangers or public speaking . </P> <P> Argyle (1970) put forward the hypothesis that whereas spoken language is normally used for communicating information about events external to the speakers, non-verbal codes are used to establish and maintain interpersonal relationships . It is considered more polite or nicer to communicate attitudes towards others non-verbally rather than verbally, for instance in order to avoid embarrassing situations . </P> <P> Argyle (1988) concluded there are five primary functions of nonverbal bodily behavior in human communication: </P>

What are the two simple nonverbal encoding skills