<P> In 1980, M.B. Haneefa invented the first Indian voting machine, gazetted "Electronically operated vote counting machine" (Gazette: 191 / Mas / 80, 15 October 1980). His original design (using Integrated Circuits) was exhibited to the public in Government Exhibitions held in six cities across Tamil Nadu . The EVMs were commissioned in 1989 by Election Commission of India in collaboration with Bharat Electronics Limited and Electronics Corporation of India Limited . The Industrial designers of the EVMs were faculty members at the Industrial Design Centre, IIT Bombay . The EVMs were first used in 1982 in the by - election to North Paravur Assembly Constituency in Kerala for a limited number of polling stations . </P> <P> An EVM consists of two units, control unit and balloting unit . The two units are joined by a five - meter cable . Balloting unit facilitates voting by voter via labelled buttons while control unit controls the ballot units, stores voting counts and displays the results on 7 segment LED displays . The controller used in EVMs has its operating program etched permanently in silicon at the time of manufacturing by the manufacturer . No one (including the manufacturer) can change the program once the controller is manufactured . </P> <P> EVMs are powered by an ordinary 6 volt alkaline battery manufactured by Bharat Electronics Limited, Bangalore and Electronics Corporation of India Limited, Hyderabad . This design enables the use of EVMs throughout the country without interruptions because several parts of India do not have power supply and / or erratic power supply . </P> <P> An EVM can record a maximum of 3840 votes and can cater to a maximum of 64 candidates . There is provision for 16 candidates in a single balloting unit and up to a maximum of 4 units can be connected in parallel . The conventional ballot paper / box method of polling is used if the number of candidates exceeds 64 . It is not possible to vote more than once by pressing the button again and again . As soon as a particular button on the balloting unit is pressed, the vote is recorded for that particular candidate and the machine gets locked . Even if one presses that button further or any other button, no further vote will be recorded . This way the EVMs ensure the principle of "one person, one vote". </P>

Electronic voting machine where first used in india in which of the following years