<Table> <Tr> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> Hosts </Th> <Th> Description </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) </Td> <Td> causative agent of diarrhea (without fever) in humans, pigs, sheep, goats, cattle, dogs, and horses </Td> <Td> ETEC uses fimbrial adhesins (projections from the bacterial cell surface) to bind enterocyte cells in the small intestine . ETEC can produce two proteinaceous enterotoxins: <Ul> <Li> The larger of the two proteins, LT enterotoxin, is similar to cholera toxin in structure and function . </Li> <Li> The smaller protein, ST enterotoxin causes cGMP accumulation in the target cells and a subsequent secretion of fluid and electrolytes into the intestinal lumen . </Li> </Ul> <P> ETEC strains are noninvasive, and they do not leave the intestinal lumen . ETEC is the leading bacterial cause of diarrhea in children in the developing world, as well as the most common cause of traveler's diarrhea . Each year, ETEC causes more than 200 million cases of diarrhea and 380,000 deaths, mostly in children in developing countries . </P> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) </Td> <Td> causative agent of diarrhea in humans, rabbits, dogs, cats and horses </Td> <Td> Like ETEC, EPEC also causes diarrhea, but the molecular mechanisms of colonization and aetiology are different . EPEC lack ST and LT toxins, but they use an adhesin known as intimin to bind host intestinal cells . This pathotype has an array of virulence factors that are similar to those found in Shigella . Adherence to the intestinal mucosa causes a rearrangement of actin in the host cell, causing significant deformation . EPEC cells are moderately invasive (i.e. they enter host cells) and elicit an inflammatory response . Changes in intestinal cell ultrastructure due to "attachment and effacement" is likely the prime cause of diarrhea in those afflicted with EPEC . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) </Td> <Td> found only in humans </Td> <Td> EIEC infection causes a syndrome that is identical to shigellosis, with profuse diarrhea and high fever . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) </Td> <Td> found in humans, cattle, and goats </Td> <Td> The most infamous member of this pathotype is strain O157: H7, which causes bloody diarrhea and no fever . EHEC can cause hemolytic - uremic syndrome and sudden kidney failure . It uses bacterial fimbriae for attachment (E. coli common pilus, ECP), is moderately invasive and possesses a phage - encoded shiga toxin that can elicit an intense inflammatory response . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) </Td> <Td> found only in humans </Td> <Td> So named because they have fimbriae which aggregate tissue culture cells, EAEC bind to the intestinal mucosa to cause watery diarrhea without fever . EAEC are noninvasive . They produce a hemolysin and an ST enterotoxin similar to that of ETEC . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Adherent - Invasive E. coli (AIEC) </Td> <Td> found in humans </Td> <Td> AIEC are able to invade intestinal epithelial cells and replicate intracellularly . It is likely that AIEC are able to proliferate more effectively in hosts with defective innate immunity . They are associated with the ileal mucosa in Crohn's disease . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> Hosts </Th> <Th> Description </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) </Td> <Td> causative agent of diarrhea (without fever) in humans, pigs, sheep, goats, cattle, dogs, and horses </Td> <Td> ETEC uses fimbrial adhesins (projections from the bacterial cell surface) to bind enterocyte cells in the small intestine . ETEC can produce two proteinaceous enterotoxins: <Ul> <Li> The larger of the two proteins, LT enterotoxin, is similar to cholera toxin in structure and function . </Li> <Li> The smaller protein, ST enterotoxin causes cGMP accumulation in the target cells and a subsequent secretion of fluid and electrolytes into the intestinal lumen . </Li> </Ul> <P> ETEC strains are noninvasive, and they do not leave the intestinal lumen . ETEC is the leading bacterial cause of diarrhea in children in the developing world, as well as the most common cause of traveler's diarrhea . Each year, ETEC causes more than 200 million cases of diarrhea and 380,000 deaths, mostly in children in developing countries . </P> </Td> </Tr> <Ul> <Li> The larger of the two proteins, LT enterotoxin, is similar to cholera toxin in structure and function . </Li> <Li> The smaller protein, ST enterotoxin causes cGMP accumulation in the target cells and a subsequent secretion of fluid and electrolytes into the intestinal lumen . </Li> </Ul>

What is the difference between pathogenic and non-pathogenic e. coli in relation to the human host