<P> Newfoundland and Labrador (/ nuːfənˈlænd ən ˈlæbrədɔːr /, French: Terre - Neuve - et - Labrador; Innu: Akamassiss; Newfoundland Irish: Talamh an Éisc agus Labradar) is the most easterly province of Canada . Situated in the country's Atlantic region, it comprises the island of Newfoundland and mainland Labrador to the northwest, with a combined area of 405,212 square kilometres (156,500 sq mi). In 2013, the province's population was estimated at 526,702 . About 92% of the province's population lives on the island of Newfoundland (and its neighbouring smaller islands), of whom more than half live on the Avalon Peninsula . The province is Canada's most linguistically homogeneous, with 97.6% of residents reporting English (Newfoundland English) as their mother tongue in the 2006 census . Historically, Newfoundland was also home to unique varieties of French and Irish, as well as the extinct Beothuk language . In Labrador, local dialects of Innu - aimun and Inuktitut are also spoken . </P> <P> Newfoundland and Labrador's capital and largest city, St. John's, is Canada's 20th - largest census metropolitan area and is home to almost 40 percent of the province's population . St. John's is the seat of government, home to the House of Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador and to the highest court in the jurisdiction, the Newfoundland and Labrador Court of Appeal . </P> <P> A former colony and then dominion of the United Kingdom, Newfoundland gave up its independence in 1933, following significant economic distress caused by the Great Depression and the aftermath of Newfoundland's participation in World War I. It became the tenth province to enter the Canadian Confederation on March 31, 1949, as "Newfoundland ." On December 6, 2001, an amendment was made to the Constitution of Canada to change the province's official name to Newfoundland and Labrador . </P> <P> The name "Newfoundland" is a translation of the Portuguese Terra Nova, which literally means "new land", that is also reflected in the French name for the Province's island part (Terre - Neuve). The influence of early Portuguese exploration is also reflected in the name of Labrador, which derives from the surname of the Portuguese navigator João Fernandes Lavrador . </P>

When did newfoundland and labrador become a province
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