<P> 24 - hour library access has been piloted in certain public libraries in North America, such as the Pioneer Library System's Norman Public Library in Oklahoma and Ottawa Public Library in Ontario . Such access may involve anywhere from a "library vending machine", in which print books are mechanically vended to (and dispensed from) patrons, to reduced staff during the night and early morning hours . </P> <P> Libraries promote cultural awareness; in Newark, New Jersey, the public library celebrated black history with exhibits and programs . One account suggested libraries were essential to "economic competitiveness" as well as "neighborhood vitality" and help some people find jobs . </P> <P> Libraries have in important role during emergencies and disasters, where they may be used as shelters, provide space to charge phones and access the Internet, and serve as locations for the distribution of aid, especially financial aid, which requires access to computers and the Internet . The U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency recognizes libraries as providing essential community service during times of disaster . Libraries have also had in increasingly important economic role during the recession, providing job search assistance, computer skills training and resume help to patrons . </P> <P> The establishment or development of a public library involves creating a legal authorization and governing structure, building a collection of books and media, as well as securing reliable funding sources, especially government sources . Most public libraries are small, serving a population of under 25,000, and are (or were) established in response to specific local needs . In A Library Primer, John Cotton Dana's 1899 work on the establishment and management of libraries in the United States, Dana wrote: </P>

The discussion of the speakers centers on which basic principle of government in the united states