<P> CMC is examined and compared to other communication media through a number of aspects thought to be universal to all forms of communication, including (but not limited to) synchronicity, persistence or "recordability", and anonymity . The association of these aspects with different forms of communication varies widely . For example, instant messaging is intrinsically synchronous but not persistent, since one loses all the content when one closes the dialog box unless one has a message log set up or has manually copy - pasted the conversation . E-mail and message boards, on the other hand, are low in synchronicity since response time varies, but high in persistence since messages sent and received are saved . Properties that separate CMC from other media also include transience, its multimodal nature, and its relative lack of governing codes of conduct . CMC is able to overcome physical and social limitations of other forms of communication and therefore allow the interaction of people who are not physically sharing the same space . </P> <P> The medium in which people choose to communicate influences the extent to which people disclose personal information . CMC is marked by higher levels of self - disclosure in conversation as opposed to face - to - face interactions . Self disclosure is any verbal communication of personally relevant information, thought, and feeling which establishes and maintains interpersonal relationships . This is due in part to visual anonymity and the absence of nonverbal cues which reduce concern for losing positive face . According to Walther's (1996) hyperpersonal communication model, computer - mediated communication is valuable in providing a better communication and better first impressions . Moreover, Ramirez and Zhang (2007) indicate that computer - mediated communication allows more closeness and attraction between two individuals than a face - to - face communication . Online impression management, self - disclosure, attentiveness, expressivity, composure and other skills contribute to competence in computer mediated communication . In fact, there is a considerable correspondence of skills in computer - mediated and face - to - face interaction even though there is great diversity of online communication tools . </P> <P> Anonymity and in part privacy and security depends more on the context and particular program being used or web page being visited . However, most researchers in the field acknowledge the importance of considering the psychological and social implications of these factors alongside the technical "limitations". </P> <P> CMC is widely discussed in language learning because CMC provides opportunities for language learners to practice their language . For example, Warschauer conducted several case studies on using email or discussion boards in different language classes . Warschauer claimed that information and communications technology "bridge the historic divide between speech...and writing". Thus, considerable concern has arisen over the reading and writing research in L2 due to the booming of the Internet . </P>

Which one is an example of synchronous electronic community