<P> The opinion was finally handed down in March 1962, nearly a year after it was initially argued . The Court split 6 to 2 in ruling that Baker's case was justiciable, producing, in addition to the opinion of the Court by Justice William J. Brennan, three concurring opinions and two dissenting opinions . Brennan reformulated the political question doctrine, identifying six factors to help in determining which questions were "political" in nature . Cases that are political in nature are marked by: </P> <Ol> <Li> "Textually demonstrable constitutional commitment of the issue to a coordinate political department;" as an example of this, Brennan cited issues of foreign affairs and executive war powers, arguing that cases involving such matters would be "political questions" </Li> <Li> "A lack of judicially discoverable and manageable standards for resolving it;" </Li> <Li> "The impossibility of deciding without an initial policy determination of a kind clearly for nonjudicial discretion;" </Li> <Li> "The impossibility of a court's undertaking independent resolution without expressing lack of the respect due coordinate branches of government;" </Li> <Li> "An unusual need for unquestioning adherence to a political decision already made;" </Li> <Li> "The potentiality of embarrassment from multifarious pronouncements by various departments on one question ." </Li> </Ol> <Li> "Textually demonstrable constitutional commitment of the issue to a coordinate political department;" as an example of this, Brennan cited issues of foreign affairs and executive war powers, arguing that cases involving such matters would be "political questions" </Li> <Li> "A lack of judicially discoverable and manageable standards for resolving it;" </Li>

In a landmark vote in 1962 the u.s. supreme court made the redistricting of state legislative seats