<Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . (April 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . (April 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) </Td> </Tr> <P> Jerusalem was conquered by the Christian First Crusade in 1099, after it had been under the Muslim rule for 450 years . It became the capital of the Christian Kingdom of Jerusalem, until it was again conquered by the Ayyubids in 1187 . For the next forty years, a series of Christian campaigns (the Third, Fourth and Fifth Crusades) attempted in vain to retake the city, until Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor leading the Sixth Crusade successfully negotiated its return in 1229 . In 1244, the city was taken by the Khwarazmian dynasty and mostly destroyed . After 1250, it came under the rule of the Mamluk sultanate and was gradually rebuilt during the later 13th century . </P> <P> The Crusaders conquered the city in 1099 and held it until its conquest by the army of Saladin in 1187 and its surrender to the Ayyubid dynasty, a Muslim sultanate that ruled in the Middle East in the early 12th century . The Sixth Crusade put Jerusalem back under Crusader rule (1229--44), until the city was captured by the Khwarazmian dynasty . The Crusader--Ayyubid conflict ended with the rise of the Mamluks from Egypt in 1260 and their conquest of the Holy Land . </P>

Who controlled the holy land at the time of the crusade
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