<Li> Ethanol also serves as a carbon source for acetylation of CoA utilizing the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase . </Li> <Li> Degradation of branched - chain ketogenic amino acids such as valine, leucine, and isoleucine occurs . These amino acids are converted to α - ketoacids by transamination and eventually to isovaleryl - CoA through oxidative decarboxylation by an α - ketoacid dehydrogenase complex . Isovaleryl - CoA undergoes dehydrogenation, carboxylation and hydration to form another CoA - derivative intermediate before it is cleaved into acetyl - CoA and acetoacetate . </Li> <Ul> <Li> At high glucose levels, acetyl - CoA is produced through glycolysis . Pyruvate undergoes oxidative decarboxylation in which it loses its carboxyl group (as carbon dioxide) to form acetyl - CoA, giving off 33.5 kJ / mol of energy . The oxidative conversion of pyruvate into acetyl - CoA is referred to as the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction . It is catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex . Other conversions between pyruvate and acetyl - CoA are possible . For example, pyruvate formate lyase disproportionates pyruvate into acetyl - CoA and formic acid . </Li> </Ul> <Li> At high glucose levels, acetyl - CoA is produced through glycolysis . Pyruvate undergoes oxidative decarboxylation in which it loses its carboxyl group (as carbon dioxide) to form acetyl - CoA, giving off 33.5 kJ / mol of energy . The oxidative conversion of pyruvate into acetyl - CoA is referred to as the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction . It is catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex . Other conversions between pyruvate and acetyl - CoA are possible . For example, pyruvate formate lyase disproportionates pyruvate into acetyl - CoA and formic acid . </Li>

Pyruvate undergoes an oxidative decarboxylation with coa to produce acetyl coa and
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