<P> In about 1861, Officer Raj - Ratna E.F. Deboo IPS was the designer and architect of section 144, which reduced overall crime in that time in the State of Baroda . He was recognized for his initiative and awarded a gold medal by the Maharaja Gaekwad of Baroda for putting Section 144 in place and reducing overall crime . </P> <P> The section was used for the first time in 1861 by the British Raj, and thereafter became an important tool to stop all nationalist protests during the Indian independence movement, and its use in independent India remains controversial as little has changed . It is often used to prevent freedom of expression by peaceful protests or demonstrations, even the law does not use the terms, though it does mention "riot". </P>

Section 144 the law related to unlawful assembly is contained in which of the following