<P> The clay base is combined with straw, kneaded then molded into cast made from bamboo . This is set like any clay pot, layered to a final shape, cleaned, and polished when ready . A layer of vegetable fiber called jute, mixed in with clay, is attached to the top to prevent the statue from cracking in the months ahead . The heads of the statues are more complex, and usually cast separately . The limbs of the statues are mostly shaped from bundles of straws . Then, starting about August, the local artisans hand - paint the statues of Durga, Lakshmi, Saraswati, Ganesha, Kartikeya, the lion and the buffalo demon . The goddesses are dressed in fine silk saris, shown bejeweled and put into a pandal . </P> <P> The procedures and proportions of statue (pratima or murti) are described in arts - related Sanskrit text of Hinduism, such as the Vishvakarma sastra . </P> <P> The traditional idols, states Christopher Chapple, are made of biodegradable materials such as "straw, clay, resin, and wood". In the contemporary era, brighter colored statues have increased and diversified the use of non-biodegradable, cheaper or more colorful substitute synthetic raw materials . Environmental activists have raised concerns about the paint used to produce the statue, stating that the heavy metals in these paints pollute rivers when the statues are immersed at the end of the Durga festival . </P> <P> Brighter colors that are also biodegradable and eco-friendly, as well as the historic tradition - based natural colors are typically more expensive . The state of West Bengal has banned the use of hazardous paints, and local Indian governments have started distributing lead - free paints to artisans at no cost to prevent heavy metal pollution . </P>

Bad effects of various festivals on the environment durga puja
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