<P> Christian conservative author David Noebel is one of the most notable opponents of the existence of jungle beats . In his writings and speeches, Noebel held that the use of such beats in music was a communist plot to subvert the morality of the youth of the United States . Pope Benedict XVI was quoted as saying, according to the British Broadcasting Corporation, that "Rock...is the expression of the elemental passions, and at rock festivals it assumes a sometimes cultic character, a form of worship, in fact, in opposition to Christian worship ." </P> <P> Some metal bands use demonic imagery for artistic and / or entertainment purposes, though they do not worship or believe in Satan . Ozzy Osbourne is reported to be Anglican and Alice Cooper is a known born - again Christian . In some cases, though, metal performers have expressed satanic views . Numerous others in the early Norwegian black metal scene were Satanists. The most known example of this is Euronymous, who claimed that he worshiped Satan as a god . Varg Vikernes (back then called "the Count" or Grishnak) have also been called a Satanist, even through he have rejected that label . Even within this localized musical subgenre, however, the arson attacks against Christian churches and other centers of worship were condemned by some prominent figures within the Norwegian black metal scene, such as Kjetil Manheim . </P>

Rock and roll challenged american social and cultural norms because it