<P> In Argentina, the conflict manifested itself as a prolonged civil war between unitarianas (i.e. centralists) and federalists, which were in some aspects respectively analogous to liberals and conservatives in other countries . Between 1832 and 1852, the country existed as a confederation, without a head of state, although the federalist governor of Buenos Aires province, Juan Manuel de Rosas, was given the powers of debt payment and international relations and exerted a growing hegemony over the country . A national constitution was only enacted in 1853, reformed in 1860, and the country reorganized as a federal republic led by a liberal - conservative elite . After Uruguay achieved its independence, in 1828, a similar polarization crystallized between blancos and colorados, where the agrarian conservative interests were pitted against the liberal commercial interests based in Montevideo, and which eventually resulted in the Guerra Grande civil war (1839--1851). </P> <P> Losing most of its North American colonies at the end of the 18th century left Great Britain in need of new markets to supply resources in the early 19th century . In order to solve this problem, Great Britain turned to the Spanish colonies in South America for resources and markets . In 1806 a small British force surprise attacked the capitol of the viceroyalty in Río de la Plata . As a result, the local garrison protecting the capitol was destroyed in an attempt to defend against the British conquest . The British were able to capture large amounts of precious metals, before a French naval force intervened on behalf of the Spanish King and took down the invading force . However, this caused much turmoil in the area as militia took control of the area from the viceroy . The next year the British attacked once again with a much larger force attempting to reach and conquer Montevideo . They failed to reach Montevideo but succeeded in establishing an alliance with the locals . As a result, the British were able to take control of the Indian markets . </P> <P> This newly gained British dominance hindered the development of Latin American industries and strengthened the dependence on the world trade network . Britain now replaced Spain as the region's largest trading partner . Great Britain invested significant capital in Latin America in order to develop the area as a market for processed goods . From the early 1820s to 1850, the post-independence economies of Latin American countries were lagging and stagnant . Eventually, enhanced trade among Britain and Latin America led to state development such as infrastructure improvements . These improvements included roads and railroads which grew the trades between countries and outside nations such as Great Britain . By 1870, exports dramatically increased, attracting capital from abroad (including Europe and USA). </P> <P> Between 1821 and 1910, Mexico battled through various civil wars between the established Conservative government and the Liberal reformists ("Mexico Timeline - Page 2)". On May 8, 1827 Baron Damas, the French Minister of Foreign Affairs, and Sebastián Camacho, a Mexican diplomat, signed an agreement called "The Declarations" which contained provisions regarding commerce and navigation between France and Mexico . At this time the French government did not recognize Mexico as an independent entity . It was not until 1861 that the liberalist rebels, led by Benito Juárez, took control of Mexico City, consolidating liberal rule . However, the constant state of warfare left Mexico with a tremendous amount of debt owed to Spain, England, and France, all of whom funded the Mexican war effort (Neeno). As newly appointed president, Benito Juárez suspended payment of debts for next two years, to focus on a rebuilding and stabilization initiative in Mexico under the new government . On December 8, 1861, Spain, England and France landed in Veracruz in order to seize unpaid debts from Mexico . However, Napoleon III, with intentions of establishing a French client state to further push his economic interests, pressured the other two powers to withdraw in 1862 (Greenspan; "French Intervention in Mexico ..."). </P>

Why didn't latin american nations develop an industrial base during the 19th century
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