<P> Iyengar has variously stated that the yield was 8--10 kt, that the device was designed to yield 10 kt, and that the yield was 8 kt "exactly as predicted". Although seismic scaling laws lead to an estimated yield range between 3.2 kt and 21 kt, an analysis of hard rock cratering effects suggests a narrow range of around 8 kt for the yield, which is within the uncertainties of the seismic yield estimate . </P> <P> Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi had already gained much popularity and publicity after her successful military campaign against Pakistan in the 1971 war . The test caused an immediate revival of Indira Gandhi's popularity, which had flagged considerably from its high after the 1971 war . The overall popularity and image of the Congress Party was enhanced and the Congress Party was well received in the Indian Parliament . In 1975, Homi Sethna, a chemical engineer and the chairman of the Indian Atomic Energy Commission (AECI), Raja Ramanna of BARC, and Basanti Nagchaudhuri of DRDO, all were honoured with the Padma Vibhushan, India's second highest civilian award . Five other project members received the Padma Shri, India's fourth highest civilian award . India consistently maintained that this was a peaceful nuclear bomb test and that it had no intentions of militarising its nuclear programme . However, according to independent monitors, this test was part of an accelerated Indian nuclear programme . In 1997 Raja Ramanna, speaking to the Press Trust of India, maintained: </P> <P> The Pokhran test was a bomb, I can tell you now...An explosion is an explosion, a gun is a gun, whether you shoot at someone or shoot at the ground...I just want to make clear that the test was not all that peaceful . </P> <P> While India continued to state that the test was for peaceful purposes, it encountered opposition from many quarters . The Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) was formed in reaction to the Indian tests to check international nuclear proliferation . The NSG decided in 1992 to require full - scope IAEA safeguards for any new nuclear export deals, which effectively ruled out nuclear exports to India, but in 2008 it waived this restriction on nuclear trade with India as part of the Indo - US civilian nuclear agreement . </P>

Who is associated with the development of india's atomic bomb