<P> The first published description of the use of paired ends was in 1990 as part of the sequencing of the human HPRT locus, although the use of paired ends was limited to closing gaps after the application of a traditional shotgun sequencing approach . The first theoretical description of a pure pairwise end sequencing strategy, assuming fragments of constant length, was in 1991 . In 1995 the innovation of using fragments of varying sizes was introduced, and demonstrated that a pure pairwise end - sequencing strategy would be possible on large targets . The strategy was subsequently adopted by The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR) to sequence the entire genome of the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae in 1995, and then by Celera Genomics to sequence the entire fruit fly genome in 2000, and subsequently the entire human genome . Applied Biosystems, now called Life Technologies, manufactured the automated capillary sequencers utilized by both Celera Genomics and The Human Genome Project . </P> <P> While capillary sequencing was the first approach to successfully sequence a nearly full human genome, it is still too expensive and takes too long for commercial purposes . Since 2005 capillary sequencing has been progressively displaced by high - throughput (formerly "next - generation") sequencing technologies such as Illumina dye sequencing, pyrosequencing, and SMRT sequencing . All of these technologies continue to employ the basic shotgun strategy, namely, parallelization and template generation via genome fragmentation . </P> <P> Other technologies are emerging, including nanopore technology . Though nanopore sequencing technology is still being refined, its portability and potential capability of generating long reads are of relevance to whole - genome sequencing applications . </P> <P> In principle, full genome sequencing can provide the raw nucleotide sequence of an individual organism's DNA . However, further analysis must be performed to provide the biological or medical meaning of this sequence, such as how this knowledge can be used to help prevent disease . Methods for analysing sequencing data are being developed and refined . </P>

What does it mean to have your dna sequenced