<Li> The length of the "last", the foot - shaped template over which the shoe is manufactured . This measure is the easiest one for the manufacturer to use, because it identifies only the tool used to produce the shoe . It makes no promise about manufacturing tolerances or for what size of foot the shoe is actually suitable . It leaves all responsibility and risk of choosing the correct size with the customer . Further, the last can be measured in several different ways resulting in different measurements . </Li> <P> All these measures differ substantially from one another for the same shoe . </P> <P> Sizing systems also differ in what units of measurement they use . This also results in different increments between shoe sizes, because usually only "full" or "half" sizes are made . </P> <P> The following length units are commonly used today to define shoe - size systems: </P>

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