<P> Nucleic acids are biopolymers, or small biomolecules, essential to all known forms of life . They are composed of nucleotides, which are monomers made of three components: a 5 - carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base . If the sugar is a compound ribose, the polymer is RNA (ribonucleic acid); if the sugar is derived from ribose as deoxyribose, the polymer is DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). </P> <P> Nucleic acids are the most important of all biomolecules . They are found in abundance in all living things, where they function to create and encode and then store information in the nucleus of every living cell of every life - form organism on Earth . In turn, they function to transmit and express that information inside and outside the cell nucleus--to the interior operations of the cell and ultimately to the next generation of each living organism . The encoded information is contained and conveyed via the nucleic acid sequence, which provides the' ladder - step' ordering of nucleotides within the molecules of RNA and DNA . </P> <P> Strings of nucleotides are bonded to form helical backbones--typically, one for RNA, two for DNA--and assembled into chains of base - pairs selected from the five primary, or canonical, nucleobases, which are: adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, and uracil; note, thymine occurs only in DNA and uracil only in RNA . Using amino acids and the process known as protein synthesis, the specific sequencing in DNA of these nucleobase - pairs enables storing and transmitting coded instructions as genes . In RNA, base - pair sequencing provides for manufacturing new proteins that determine the frames and parts and most chemical processes of all life forms . </P>

Who discovered the base sequences in nucleic acids