<P> Also during the Jacksonian Era, the first collective right (or group right) interpretation of the Second Amendment arose . In State v. Buzzard (1842), the Arkansas high court adopted a militia - based, political right, reading of the right to bear arms under state law, and upheld the 21st section of the second article of the Arkansas Constitution that declared, "that the free white men of this State shall have a right to keep and bear arms for their common defense", while rejecting a challenge to a statute prohibiting the carrying of concealed weapons . </P> <P> The Arkansas high court declared "That the words' a well regulated militia being necessary for the security of a free State', and the words' common defense' clearly show the true intent and meaning of these Constitutions (i.e., Arkansas and U.S.) and prove that it is a political and not an individual right, and, of course, that the State, in her legislative capacity, has the right to regulate and control it: This being the case, then the people, neither individually nor collectively, have the right to keep and bear arms ." Joel Prentiss Bishop's influential Commentaries on the Law of Statutory Crimes (1873) took Buzzard's militia - based interpretation, a view that Bishop characterized as the "Arkansas doctrine," as the orthodox view of the right to bear arms in American law . </P> <P> The two early state court cases, Bliss and Buzzard, set the fundamental dichotomy in interpreting the Second Amendment, i.e., whether it secured an individual right versus a collective right . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards . The specific problem is: it is disjointed, one source is poor quality, the other is poorly used Please help improve this section if you can . (April 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) </Td> </Tr> </Table>

Who makes the laws on the sale ownership and use of guns in the usa