<P> Rights considered positive rights, as initially proposed in 1979 by the Czech jurist Karel Vasak, may include other civil and political rights such as police protection of person and property and the right to counsel, as well as economic, social and cultural rights such as food, housing, public education, employment, national security, military, health care, social security, internet access, and a minimum standard of living . In the "three generations" account of human rights, negative rights are often associated with the first generation of rights, while positive rights are associated with the second and third generations . </P> <P> Some philosophers (see criticisms) disagree that the negative - positive rights distinction is useful or valid . </P> <P> Under the theory of positive and negative rights, a negative right is a right not to be subjected to an action of another person or group--a government, for example--usually in the form of abuse or coercion . As such, negative rights exist unless someone acts to negate them . A positive right is a right to be subjected to an action of another person or group . In other words, for a positive right to be exercised, someone else's actions must be added to the equation . In theory, a negative right forbids others from acting against the right holder, while a positive right obligates others to act with respect to the right holder . In the framework of the Kantian categorical imperative, negative rights can be associated with perfect duties while positive rights can be connected to imperfect duties . </P> <P> Belief in a distinction between positive and negative rights is usually maintained, or emphasized, by libertarians, who believe that positive rights do not exist until they are created by contract . The United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights lists both positive and negative rights (but does not identify them as such). The constitutions of most liberal democracies guarantee negative rights, but not all include positive rights . Nevertheless, positive rights are often guaranteed by other laws, and the majority of liberal democracies provide their citizens with publicly funded education, health care, social security and unemployment benefits . </P>

What is the difference between negative and positive rights
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