<Ul> <Li> Preterm birth </Li> <Li> Congenital rubella syndrome </Li> <Li> Chromosomal abnormalities (e.g., Down syndrome) </Li> <Li> Genetic conditions such as Loeys - Dietz syndrome (would also present with other heart defects), Wiedemann - Steiner syndrome, and CHAR syndrome . </Li> </Ul> <Li> Congenital rubella syndrome </Li> <Li> Chromosomal abnormalities (e.g., Down syndrome) </Li> <Li> Genetic conditions such as Loeys - Dietz syndrome (would also present with other heart defects), Wiedemann - Steiner syndrome, and CHAR syndrome . </Li>

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