<P> In a modern car with a manual transmission the clutch is operated by the left-most pedal using a hydraulic or cable connection from the pedal to the clutch mechanism . On older cars the clutch might be operated by a mechanical linkage . Even though the clutch may physically be located very close to the pedal, such remote means of actuation are necessary to eliminate the effect of vibrations and slight engine movement, engine mountings being flexible by design . With a rigid mechanical linkage, smooth engagement would be near - impossible because engine movement inevitably occurs as the drive is "taken up ." </P> <P> The default state of the clutch is engaged - that is the connection between engine and gearbox is always "on" unless the driver presses the pedal and disengages it . If the engine is running with the clutch engaged and the transmission in neutral, the engine spins the input shaft of the transmission but power is not transmitted to the wheels . </P> <P> The clutch is located between the engine and the gearbox, as disengaging it is usually required to change gear . Although the gearbox does not stop rotating during a gear change, there is no torque transmitted through it, thus less friction between gears and their engagement dogs . The output shaft of the gearbox is permanently connected to the final drive, then the wheels, and so both always rotate together, at a fixed speed ratio . With the clutch disengaged, the gearbox input shaft is free to change its speed as the internal ratio is changed . Any resulting difference in speed between the engine and gearbox is evened out as the clutch slips slightly during re-engagement . </P> <P> Clutches in typical cars are mounted directly to the face of the engine's flywheel, as this already provides a convenient large diameter steel disk that can act as one driving plate of the clutch . Some racing clutches use small multi-plate disk packs that are not part of the flywheel . Both clutch and flywheel are enclosed in a conical bellhousing, which (in a rear - wheel drive car) usually forms the main mounting for the gearbox . </P>

Describe the arrangement of clutch and turning gears
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