<P> With the advent of the early music movement, smaller orchestras where players worked on execution of works in styles derived from the study of older treatises on playing became common . These include the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment, the London Classical Players under the direction of Sir Roger Norrington and the Academy of Ancient Music under Christopher Hogwood, among others . </P> <P> In the United States, the late 20th century saw a crisis of funding and support for orchestras . The size and cost of a symphony orchestra, compared to the size of the base of supporters, became an issue that struck at the core of the institution . Few orchestras could fill auditoriums, and the time - honored season - subscription system became increasingly anachronistic, as more and more listeners would buy tickets on an ad hoc basis for individual events . Orchestral endowments and--more centrally to the daily operation of American orchestras--orchestral donors have seen investment portfolios shrink or produce lower yields, reducing the ability of donors to contribute; further, there has been a trend toward donors finding other social causes more compelling . Also, while government funding is less central to American than European orchestras, cuts in such funding are still significant for American ensembles . Finally, the drastic falling - off of revenues from recording, tied to no small extent to changes in the recording industry itself, began a period of change that has yet to reach its conclusion . </P> <P> U.S. orchestras that have gone into Chapter 11 bankruptcy include the Philadelphia Orchestra (in April 2011), and the Louisville Orchestra, in December 2010; orchestras that have gone into Chapter 7 bankruptcy and have ceased operations include the Northwest Chamber Orchestra in 2006, the Honolulu Orchestra in March 2011, the New Mexico Symphony Orchestra in April 2011, and the Syracuse Symphony in June 2011 . The Festival of Orchestras in Orlando, Florida ceased operations at the end of March, 2011 . </P> <P> One source of financial difficulties that received notice and criticism was high salaries for music directors of US orchestras, which led several high - profile conductors to take pay cuts in recent years . Music administrators such as Michael Tilson Thomas and Esa - Pekka Salonen argued that new music, new means of presenting it, and a renewed relationship with the community could revitalize the symphony orchestra . The American critic Greg Sandow has argued in detail that orchestras must revise their approach to music, performance, the concert experience, marketing, public relations, community involvement, and presentation to bring them in line with the expectations of 21st - century audiences immersed in popular culture . </P>

Where does the trombone sit in the orchestra