<P> Spanish - speaking South American Romanticism was influenced heavily by Esteban Echeverría, who wrote in the 1830 and 1840s . His writings were influenced by his hatred for the Argentine dictator Juan Manuel de Rosas, and filled with themes of blood and terror, using the metaphor of a slaughterhouse to portray the violence of Rosas' dictatorship . </P> <P> Brazilian Romanticism is characterized and divided in three different periods . The first one is basically focused on the creation of a sense of national identity, using the ideal of the heroic Indian . Some examples include José de Alencar, who wrote Iracema and O Guarani, and Gonçalves Dias, renowned by the poem "Canção do Exílio" (Song of the Exile). The second period, sometimes called Ultra-Romanticism, is marked by a profound influence of European themes and traditions, involving the melancholy, sadness and despair related to unobtainable love . Goethe and Lord Byron are commonly quoted in these works . The third cycle is marked by social poetry, especially the abolitionist movement, and it includes Álvares de Azevedo and Castro Alves . </P> <P> In the United States, at least by 1818 with William Cullen Bryant's "To a Waterfowl", Romantic poetry was being published . American Romantic Gothic literature made an early appearance with Washington Irving's The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (1820) and Rip Van Winkle (1819), followed from 1823 onwards by the Leatherstocking Tales of James Fenimore Cooper, with their emphasis on heroic simplicity and their fervent landscape descriptions of an already - exotic mythicized frontier peopled by "noble savages", similar to the philosophical theory of Rousseau, exemplified by Uncas, from The Last of the Mohicans . There are picturesque "local color" elements in Washington Irving's essays and especially his travel books . Edgar Allan Poe's tales of the macabre and his balladic poetry were more influential in France than at home, but the romantic American novel developed fully with the atmosphere and melodrama of Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter (1850). Later Transcendentalist writers such as Henry David Thoreau and Ralph Waldo Emerson still show elements of its influence and imagination, as does the romantic realism of Walt Whitman . The poetry of Emily Dickinson--nearly unread in her own time--and Herman Melville's novel Moby - Dick can be taken as epitomes of American Romantic literature . By the 1880s, however, psychological and social realism were competing with Romanticism in the novel . </P> <P> The European Romantic movement reached America in the early 19th century . American Romanticism was just as multifaceted and individualistic as it was in Europe . Like the Europeans, the American Romantics demonstrated a high level of moral enthusiasm, commitment to individualism and the unfolding of the self, an emphasis on intuitive perception, and the assumption that the natural world was inherently good, while human society was filled with corruption . </P>

What are characteristics of the american romantic style
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