<P> The Framingham Risk Score is based on findings from the Framingham Heart Study . </P> <P> The Framingham Risk Score has been validated in the USA, both in men and women, both in European Americans and African Americans . While several studies have claimed to improve on the FRS, there is little evidence for any improved prediction beyond the Framingham risk score </P> <P> There are two limitations . </P> <P> The Framingham Risk Score predicts only future coronary heart disease (CHD) events, however, it does not predict future total cardiovascular events, meaning that it does not predict risk for stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), and heart failure . These also important patient outcomes were included in the 2008 Framingham General Cardiovascular Risk Score . The predicted risk for an individual usually is higher with the 2008 Framingham General Cardiovascular Risk Score than with the 2002 Framingham Risk Score . </P>

Framingham 1991 cardiovascular disease 10 year risk score