<P> Many so - called "ethical conflicts" in medical ethics are traceable back to a lack of communication . Communication breakdowns between patients and their healthcare team, between family members, or between members of the medical community, can all lead to disagreements and strong feelings . These breakdowns should be remedied, and many apparently insurmountable "ethics" problems can be solved with open lines of communication . </P> <P> To ensure that appropriate ethical values are being applied within hospitals, effective hospital accreditation requires that ethical considerations are taken into account, for example with respect to physician integrity, conflict of interest, research ethics and organ transplantation ethics . </P> <P> There is much documentation of the history and necessity of the Declaration of Helsinki . The first code of conduct for research including medical ethics was the Nuremberg Code . This document had large ties to Nazi war crimes, as it was introduced in 1947, so it didn't make much of a difference in terms of regulating practice . This issue called for the creation of the Declaration . There are some stark differences between the Nuremberg Code and the Declaration of Helsinki, including the way it is written . Nuremberg was written in a very concise manner, with a simple explanation . The Declaration of Helsinki is written with a thorough explanation in mind and including many specific commentaries . </P> <P> In the United Kingdom, General Medical Council provides clear overall modern guidance in the form of its' Good Medical Practice' statement . Other organizations, such as the Medical Protection Society and a number of university departments, are often consulted by British doctors regarding issues relating to ethics . </P>

Confidentiality is an issue of bioethics not medical ethics