<Tr> <Th_colspan="2"> Belligerents </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Cheyenne Arapaho Comanche Kiowa </Td> </Tr> <P> The Red River War was a military campaign launched by the United States Army in 1874 to remove the Comanche, Kiowa, Southern Cheyenne, and Arapaho Native American tribes from the Southern Plains and forcibly relocate them to reservations in Indian Territory . Lasting only a few months, the war had several army columns crisscross the Texas Panhandle in an effort to locate, harass, and capture highly mobile Indian bands . Most of the engagements were small skirmishes in which neither side suffered many casualties . The war wound down over the last few months of 1874, as fewer and fewer Indian bands had the strength and supplies to remain in the field . Though the last significantly sized group did not surrender until mid-1875, the war marked the end of free - roaming Indian populations on the southern Great Plains . </P> <P> Prior to the arrival of English American settlers on the Great Plains, the southern Plains tribes had evolved into a nomadic pattern of existence . Beginning in the 1830s, significant numbers of permanent settlements were established in what had previously been the exclusive territory of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas . Attacks, raids, and counter-raids occurred frequently . Prior to the Civil War, the U.S. Army was only sporadically involved in these frontier conflicts, manning forts, but limited to a handful of larger expeditions due to manpower limitations . During the Civil War, the Regular Army withdrew almost completely, and Indian raids increased dramatically . Texas, as part of the Confederate States of America, lacked the military resources to fight both the Union and the tribes . </P>

Who planned the major military offensive conducted in the red river war