<P> The besieged endured three weeks of the Siege of Cawnpore with little water or food, suffering continuous casualties to men, women and children . On 25 June Nana Sahib made an offer of safe passage to Allahabad . With barely three days' food rations remaining, the British agreed provided they could keep their small arms and that the evacuation should take place in daylight on the morning of the 27th (the Nana Sahib wanted the evacuation to take place on the night of the 26th). Early in the morning of 27 June, the European party left their entrenchment and made their way to the river where boats provided by the Nana Sahib were waiting to take them to Allahabad . Several sepoys who had stayed loyal to the Company were removed by the mutineers and killed, either because of their loyalty or because "they had become Christian ." A few injured British officers trailing the column were also apparently hacked to death by angry sepoys . After the European party had largely arrived at the dock, which was surrounded by sepoys positioned on both banks of the Ganges, with clear lines of fire, firing broke out and the boats were abandoned by their crew, and caught or were set on fire using pieces of red hot charcoal . The British party tried to push the boats off but all except three remained stuck . One boat with over a dozen wounded men initially escaped, but later grounded, was caught by mutineers and pushed back down the river towards the carnage at Cawnpore . Towards the end rebel cavalry rode into the water to finish off any survivors . After the firing ceased the survivors were rounded up and the men shot . By the time the massacre was over, most of the male members of the party were dead while the surviving women and children were removed and held hostage to be later killed in the Bibighar massacre . Only four men eventually escaped alive from Cawnpore on one of the boats: two private soldiers, a lieutenant, and Captain Mowbray Thomson, who wrote a first - hand account of his experiences entitled The Story of Cawnpore (London, 1859). </P> <P> During his trial, Tatya Tope denied the existence of any such plan and described the incident in the following terms: the Europeans had already boarded the boats and Tatya Tope raised his right hand to signal their departure . That very moment someone from the crowd blew a loud bugle, which created disorder and in the ongoing bewilderment, the boatmen jumped off the boats . The rebels started shooting indiscriminately . Nana Sahib, who was staying in Savada Kothi (Bungalow) nearby, was informed about what was happening and immediately came to stop it . Some British histories allow that it might well have been the result of accident or error; someone accidentally or maliciously fired a shot, the panic - stricken British opened fire, and it became impossible to stop the massacre . </P> <P> The surviving women and children were taken to the Nana Sahib and then confined first to the Savada Kothi and then to the home of the local magistrate's clerk (the Bibighar) where they were joined by refugees from Fatehgarh . Overall five men and two hundred and six women and children were confined in The Bibigarh for about two weeks . In one week 25 were brought out dead, from dysentery and cholera . Meanwhile, a Company relief force that had advanced from Allahabad defeated the Indians and by 15 July it was clear that the Nana Sahib would not be able to hold Cawnpore and a decision was made by the Nana Sahib and other leading rebels that the hostages must be killed . After the sepoys refused to carry out this order, two Muslim butchers, two Hindu peasants and one of Nana's bodyguards went into The Bibigarh . Armed with knives and hatchets they murdered the women and children . After the massacre the walls were covered in bloody hand prints, and the floor littered with fragments of human limbs . The dead and the dying were thrown down a nearby well . When the 50 - foot (15 m) deep well was filled with remains to within 6 feet (1.8 m) of the top, the remainder were thrown into the Ganges . </P> <P> Historians have given many reasons for this act of cruelty . With Company forces approaching Cawnpore and some believing that they would not advance if there were no hostages to save, their murders were ordered . Or perhaps it was to ensure that no information was leaked after the fall of Cawnpore . Other historians have suggested that the killings were an attempt to undermine Nana Sahib's relationship with the British . Perhaps it was due to fear, the fear of being recognised by some of the prisoners for having taken part in the earlier firings . </P>

The indian mutiny of 1857 led to which of the following outcomes