<P> Germany was easily served by a number of European mediumwave stations, including the BBC, but the Nazis made it illegal for Germans to listen to foreign broadcasts . During the war, German stations broadcast not only war propaganda and entertainment for German forces dispersed through Europe, as well as air raid alerts . There was heavy use of short wave for "Germany Calling" programmes directed at Britain and Allied forces around the world . Goebbels Also set up numerous Nazi stations that pretended to be from the Allied world . Germany experimented with television broadcasting, using a 180 - line raster system beginning before 1935 . German propaganda claimed the system was superior to the British mechanical scanning system . </P> <P> The first radio station in Japan was JOAK, which opened in Tokyo in March 1925 . It was founded by Masajiro Kotamura, an inventor and engineer . It was unique in that at least one of its announcers was a woman, Akiko Midorikawa . JOAK was followed soon after by JOBK in Osaka and JOCK in Nagoya . The National Broadcasting Service, today known as NHK (Nippon Hoso Kyokai), began in August 1926 . All stations were supported by licensing fees: in 1926, for example, people wishing to receive a permit to own a radio set paid a fee of one yen a month to the government . Programming on Japanese stations of the 1920s included music, news, language instruction (lessons were offered in English, French and German) and educations talks . These early stations broadcast on average about eight hours of programs a day . </P> <P> Amateur radio was very popular in Mexico; while most of the hams were male, notably Constantino de Tarnava, acknowledged in some sources as Mexico's first amateur radio operator, one of the early ham radio operators was female--Maria Dolores Estrada . But commercial radio was difficult to achieve, due to a federal regulation forbidding any broadcasts that were not for the benefit of the Mexican government . Still, in November 1923, CYL in Mexico City went on the air, featuring music (both folk songs and popular dance concerts), religious services, and news . CYL used as its slogans "El Universal" and "La Casa del Radio", and it won over the government, by giving political candidates the opportunity to use the station to campaign . Its signal was so powerful that it was even received in Canada sometimes . Pressure from listeners and potential station owners also contributed to the government relenting and allowing more stations to go on the air . In 1931, the "C" call letters were all changed to "X" call letters (XE being reserved for broadcasting), and by 1932, Mexico had nearly forty radio stations, ten of which were in Mexico City . </P> <P> Interest in amateur radio was noted in the Philippines in the early 1920s . There were radio stations operating in the Philippines, including one owned by American businessman named Henry Hermann, as early as 1922, according to some sources; not much documentation about that period of time exists . In the autumn of 1927, KZRM in Manila, owned by the Radio Corporation of the Philippines, went on the air . The Radio Corporation of the Philippines was a subsidiary of American company RCA (Radio Corporation of America). By 1932, the island had three radio stations: KRZC in Cebu, as well as KZIB (owned by a department store) and KZFM, the government - owned station in Manila . Of the stations listed by Pierre Key, KZFM was the strongest, with 50,000 watts . Two radio networks were ultimately created: one, the Manila Broadcasting Company, began as a single station, KZRH in Manila, in July 1939, and after World War II, in 1946, the station's owners began to develop their network by buying other radio properties . As for the Philippine Broadcasting Company, it too began with one station (KZFM), and received its new name in mid-1946, after the Philippines became an independent country . At the end of 1946, the new network had six stations . Both KZRH and KZFM also affiliated with American networks; the stations wanted to have access to certain popular American programs, and the American networks wanted to sell products in the Philippines . </P>

Who is credited with creating the first radio program broadcast