<P> One of the most important events in the era of civil rights in Northern Ireland took place in Derry, which escalated the conflict from peaceful civil disobedience to armed conflict . The Battle of the Bogside started on 12 August when an Apprentice Boys, a Protestant order, parade passed through Waterloo Place, where a large crowd was gathered at the mouth of William Street, on the edge of the Bogside . Different accounts describe the first outbreak of violence, with reports stating that it was either an attack by youth from the Bogside on the RUC, or fighting broke out between Protestants and Catholics . The violence escalated and barricades were erected . Proclaiming this district to be the Free Derry, Bogsiders carried on fights with the RUC for days using stones and petrol bombs . The government finally withdrew the RUC and replaced it with the army, which disbanded the crowds of Catholics who were barricaded in the Bogside . </P> <P> Bloody Sunday, 30 January 1972, in Derry is seen by some as a turning point in the movement for civil rights . Fourteen unarmed Catholic civil rights marchers protesting against internment were shot dead by the British army and many were left wounded on the streets . </P> <P> The peace process has made significant gains in recent years . Through open dialogue from all parties, a state of ceasefire by all major paramilitary groups has lasted . A stronger economy improved Northern Ireland's standard of living . Civil rights issues have become less of a concern for many in Northern Ireland over the past 20 years as laws and policies protecting their rights, and forms of affirmative action, have been implemented for all government offices and many private businesses . Tensions still exist, but the vast majority of citizens are no longer affected by violence . </P> <P> The 1960s brought intense political and social change to the Canadian province of Quebec, with the election of Liberal Premier Jean Lesage after the death of Maurice Duplessis, whose government was widely viewed as corrupt . These changes included secularization of the education and health care systems, which were both heavily controlled by the Roman Catholic Church, whose support for Duplessis and his perceived corruption had angered many Québécois . Policies of the Liberal government also sought to give Quebec more economic autonomy, such as the nationalization of Hydro - Québec and the creation of public companies for the mining, forestry, iron / steel and petroleum industries of the province . Other changes included the creation of the Régie des Rentes du Québec (Quebec Pension Plan) and new labour codes that made unionizing easier and gave workers the right to strike . </P>

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