<P> Some institutions of India, such as the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), National Institute of Technology (NITs), Indian Institute of Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISERs), Indian Institutes of Information Technology (IIITs), Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs), International Institute of Information Technology (IIIT), University of Mumbai and Jawaharlal Nehru University have been globally acclaimed for their standard of education . The IITs enroll about 8000 students annually and the alumni have contributed to both the growth of the private sector and the public sectors of India . However, India still lacks internationally behind universities such as Harvard, Cambridge, and Oxford . </P> <P> Indian higher education is in need of radical reforms . A focus on enforcing higher standards of transparency, strengthening of the vocational and doctoral education pipeline, and professionalization of the sector through stronger institutional responsibility would help in reprioritizing efforts and working around the complexities . The rise of IT sector and engineering education in India has boxed students into linear path without giving them a chance to explore and discover their passions . Concerted and collaborative efforts are needed in broaden student choices through liberal arts education . </P> <P> Universities in India have evolved in divergent streams with each stream monitored by an apex body, indirectly controlled by the Ministry of Human Resource Development and funded jointly by the state governments . There are Most universities are administered by the States, however, there are 18 important universities called Central Universities, which are maintained by the Union Government . The increased funding of the central universities give them an advantage over their state competitors . </P> <P> The University Grants Commission estimated that in 2013 - 14, an estimated 22849 PhDs and 20425 MPhil degrees were awarded . Over half of these were in the fields of Science, Engineering / Technology, Medicine and Agriculture . As of 2014 - 15, over 178,000 students were enrolled in research programs . </P>

Most of the university in india are funded by