<P> Other historians counter the above arguments regarding Jefferson's alleged hypocrisy as follows: </P> <P> Countries change their borders in two ways: (1) conquest, or (2) an agreement between nations, otherwise known as a treaty . The Louisiana Purchase was the latter, a treaty . The Constitution specifically grants the president the power to negotiate treaties (Art . II, Sec. 2), which is just what Jefferson did . </P> <P> Jefferson's Secretary of State, James Madison (the "Father of the Constitution"), assured Jefferson that the Louisiana Purchase was well within even the strictest interpretation of the Constitution . Treasury Secretary Albert Gallatin added that since the power to negotiate treaties was specifically granted to the president, the only way extending the country's territory by treaty could not be a presidential power would be if it were specifically excluded by the Constitution (which it was not). Jefferson, as a strict constructionist, was right to be concerned about staying within the bounds of the Constitution, but felt the power of these arguments and was willing to "acquiesce with satisfaction" if the Congress approved the treaty . </P> <P> The Senate quickly ratified the treaty, and the House, with equal alacrity, authorized the required funding, as the Constitution specifies . </P>

Name 3 current states that were fully acquired by the louisiana purchase