<P> The Suez Crisis or the Second Arab--Israeli War also named the Tripartite Aggression (in the Arab world) and Operation Kadesh or Sinai War (in Israel), was an invasion of Egypt in late 1956 by Israel, followed by the United Kingdom and France . The aims were to regain Western control of the Suez Canal and to remove Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser, who had just nationalized the canal . After the fighting had started, political pressure from the United States, the Soviet Union, and the United Nations led to a withdrawal by the three invaders . The episode humiliated Great Britain and France and strengthened Nasser . </P> <P> On 29 October, Israel invaded the Egyptian Sinai . Britain and France issued a joint ultimatum to cease fire, which was ignored . On 5 November, Britain and France landed paratroopers along the Suez Canal . The Egyptian forces were defeated, but they did block the canal to all shipping . It later became clear that the Israeli invasion and the subsequent Anglo - French attack had been planned beforehand by the three countries . </P> <P> The three allies had attained a number of their military objectives, but the canal was now useless . Heavy political pressure from the United States and the USSR led to a withdrawal . U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower had strongly warned Britain not to invade; he now threatened serious damage to the British financial system by selling the US government's pound sterling bonds . Historians conclude the crisis "signified the end of Great Britain's role as one of the world's major powers". The Suez Canal was closed from October 1956 until March 1957 . Israel fulfilled some of its objectives, such as attaining freedom of navigation through the Straits of Tiran, which Egypt had blocked to Israeli shipping since 1950 . </P> <P> As a result of the conflict, the United Nations created the UNEF Peacekeepers to police the Egyptian--Israeli border, British Prime Minister Anthony Eden resigned, Canadian Minister of External Affairs Lester Pearson won the Nobel Peace Prize, and the USSR may have been emboldened to invade Hungary . </P>

When was the suez canal closed in 1956