<P> Foster also contends that Moore hated tobacco and would, therefore, never have depicted Saint Nicholas with a pipe . However, Kaller notes, the source of evidence for Moore's supposed disapproval of tobacco is The Wine Drinker, another poem by him . In actuality, that verse contradicts such a claim . Moore's The Wine Drinker criticizes self - righteous, hypocritical advocates of temperance who secretly indulge in the substances which they publicly oppose, and supports the social use of tobacco in moderation (as well as wine, and even opium, which was more acceptable in his day than it is now). </P> <P> Foster also asserts that Livingston's mother was Dutch, which accounts for the references to the Dutch Sinteklaes tradition and the use of the Dutch names "Dunder and Blixem". Against this claim, it is suggested by Kaller that Moore--a friend of writer Washington Irving and member of the same literary society--may have acquired some of his knowledge of New York Dutch traditions from Irving . Irving had written A History of New York in 1809 under the name of "Dietrich Knickerbocker ." It includes several references to legends of Saint Nicholas, including the following that bears a close relationship to the poem: </P> <P> And the sage Oloffe dreamed a dream, ‍--‌and lo, the good St. Nicholas came riding over the tops of the trees, in that self - same wagon wherein he brings his yearly presents to children, and he descended hard by where the heroes of Communipaw had made their late repast . And he lit his pipe by the fire, and sat himself down and smoked; and as he smoked, the smoke from his pipe ascended into the air and spread like a cloud overhead . And Oloffe bethought him, and he hastened and climbed up to the top of one of the tallest trees, and saw that the smoke spread over a great extent of country; and as he considered it more attentively, he fancied that the great volume of smoke assumed a variety of marvelous forms, where in dim obscurity he saw shadowed out palaces and domes and lofty spires, all of which lasted but a moment, and then faded away, until the whole rolled off, and nothing but the green woods were left . And when St. Nicholas had smoked his pipe, he twisted it in his hatband, and laying his finger beside his nose, gave the astonished Van Kortlandt a very significant look; then, mounting his wagon, he returned over the tree - tops and disappeared . </P> <P> MacDonald P. Jackson, Emeritus Professor of English at the University of Auckland, New Zealand and a Fellow of the Royal Society of New Zealand, has spent his entire academic career analyzing authorship attribution . He has written a book titled Who Wrote "the Night Before Christmas"?: Analyzing the Clement Clarke Moore Vs. Henry Livingston Question, published in 2016, in which he evaluates the opposing arguments and, for the first time, uses the author - attribution techniques of modern computational stylistics to examine the long - standing controversy . Jackson employs a range of tests and introduces a new one, statistical analysis of phonemes; he concludes that Livingston is the true author of the classic work . </P>

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