<P> The gustatory cortex is the primary receptive area for taste . The word taste is used in a technical sense to refer specifically to sensations coming from taste buds on the tongue . The five qualities of taste detected by the tongue include sourness, bitterness, sweetness, saltiness, and the protein taste quality, called umami . In contrast, the term flavor refers to the experience generated through integration of taste with smell and tactile information . The gustatory cortex consists of two primary structures: the anterior insula, located on the insular lobe, and the frontal operculum, located on the frontal lobe . Similarly to the olfactory cortex, the gustatory pathway operates through both peripheral and central mechanisms . Peripheral taste receptors, located on the tongue, soft palate, pharynx, and esophagus, transmit the received signal to primary sensory axons, where the signal is projected to the nucleus of the solitary tract in the medulla, or the gustatory nucleus of the solitary tract complex . The signal is then transmitted to the thalamus, which in turn projects the signal to several regions of the neocortex, including the gustatory cortex . </P> <P> The neural processing of taste is affected at nearly every stage of processing by concurrent somatosensory information from the tongue, that is, mouthfeel . Scent, in contrast, is not combined with taste to create flavor until higher cortical processing regions, such as the insula and orbitofrontal cortex . </P> <P> The human sensory system consists of the following subsystems: </P> <Ul> <Li> Visual system consists of the photoreceptor cells, optic nerve, and V1 </Li> <Li> Auditory system </Li> <Li> Somatosensory system consists of the receptors, transmitters (pathways) leading to S1, and S1 that experiences the sensations labelled as touch or pressure, temperature (warm or cold), pain (including itch and tickle), and the sensations of muscle movement and joint position including posture, movement, and facial expression (collectively also called proprioception) </Li> <Li> Gustatory system </Li> <Li> Olfactory system </Li> <Li> Vestibular system </Li> </Ul>

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