<P> किमत्र परिशिष्यते । एतद्वै तत् ॥ ४ ॥ </P> <P> What is left here? Truly, this is that (Atman). </P> <P> Atman, asserts Katha Upanishad, is the subject of Self - knowledge, the bearer of spiritual reality, that which is all - prevading, inside every being, that unifies all human beings as well as all creatures, the concealed, eternal, immortal, pure bliss . It exists and active when man is in awake - state, it exists and active when man is in dream - state . The empirical reality is the "honey" for the Atman, with the honey metaphor repeating "fruit of numerous karma flowers in the valley of life" doctrine found in other Upanishads, such as in the second chapter of Brihadaranyaka Upanishad . To know Atman, look inward and introspect; to know objects, look outward and examine, states Katha Upanishad . Everything that changes is not Atman, that which was, is, will be and never changes is Atman . Just like a baby is concealed inside a mother's womb when conceived, Atman is concealed inside every creature, states verse 2.4. 8 of Katha Upanishad . </P> <P> Soul is the lord of the past, the lord of the now, and the lord of the future . Soul is eternal, never born, never dies, part of that which existed before the universe was formed from "brooding heat". Sun rests in it, gods rest in it, all nature rests in it, it is everywhere, it is in everything . To understand the eternal nature of one's Soul is to feel calmness, inner peace, patience and freedom regardless of the circumstances one is in, affections or threats one faces, praises or insults one is subjected to . Anyone who runs after sensory - impressions, gets lost among them just like water flows randomly after rainfall on mountains, state verses 2.4. 14 and 2.4. 15 of the Katha Upanishad; and those who know their Soul and act according to its Dharma remain pure like pure water remains pure when poured into pure water . </P>

What is the metaphor for self used in the katha upanishad