<Tr> <Td_colspan="1"> Abdominopelvic cavity </Td> <Td_colspan="1"> Abdominal cavity </Td> <Td_colspan="1"> Digestive organs, spleen, kidneys </Td> <Td_colspan="1"> Peritoneum </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="1"> Pelvic cavity </Td> <Td_colspan="1"> Bladder, reproductive organs </Td> <Td_colspan="1"> Peritoneum </Td> </Tr> <P> At the end of the third week, the neural tube, which is a fold of one of the layers of the trilaminar germ disc, called the ectoderm, appears . This layer elevates and closes dorsally, while the gut tube rolls up and closes ventrally to create a "tube on top of a tube ." The mesoderm, which is another layer of the trilaminar germ disc, holds the tubes together and the lateral plate mesoderm, the middle layer of the germ disc, splits to form a visceral layer associated with the gut and a parietal layer, which along with the overlying ectoderm, forms the lateral body wall . The space between the visceral and parietal layers of lateral plate mesoderm is the primitive body cavity . When the lateral body wall folds, it moves ventrally and fuses at the midline . The body cavity closes, except in the region of the connecting stalk . Here, the gut tube maintains an attachment to the yolk sac . The yolk sac is a membranous sac attached to the embryo, which provides nutrients and functions as the circulatory system of the very early embryo . </P> <P> The lateral body wall folds, pulling the amnion in with it so that the amnion surrounds the embryo and extends over the connecting stalk, which becomes the umbilical cord, which connects the fetus with the placenta . If the ventral body wall fails to close, ventral body wall defects can resulst, such as ectopia cordis, a congenital malformation in which the heart is abnormally located outside the thorax . Another defect is gastroschisis, a congenital defect in the anterior abdominal wall through which the abdominal contents freely protrude . Another possibility is bladder exstrophy, in which part of the urinary bladder is present outside the body . In normal circumstances, the parietal mesoderm will form the parietal layer of serous membranes lining the outside (walls) of the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities . The visceral layer will form the visceral layer of the serous membranes covering the lungs, heart, and abdominal organs . These layers are continuous at the root of each organ as the organs lie in their respective cavities . The peritoneum, a serum membrane that forms the lining of the abdominal cavity, forms in the gut layers and in places mesenteries extend from the gut as double layers of peritoneum . Mesenteries provide a pathway for vessels, nerves, and lymphatics to the organs . Initially, the gut tube from the caudal end of the foregut to the end of the hindgut is suspended from the dorsal body wall by dorsal mesentery . Ventral mesentery, derived from the septum transversum, exists only in the region of the terminal part of the esophagus, the stomach, and the upper portion of the duodenum . </P>

What kind of body cavity do humans have