<P> Apart from oil, which is by far the dominant commodity of the region, Batman produces beverages, processed food, chemicals, furniture, footwear, machinery and transport equipment . A university was established in 2007, Batman University, and is part of the Erasmus foreign student exchange program . </P> <P> The Batman Province contains the strategic Tigris River with fertile lands by its sides, as well as rocky hills with numerous caves providing a natural shelter . As a result, it was inhabited from prehistoric times, likely from the Neolithic (Paleolithic) period, according to archeological evidence . First documented evidence of settlements in the province dates back to the 7th century BC . An artificial "island" was created in this marshy area, which was named elekhan and stood independent for 194 years from 546 BC until the invasion of Alexander the Great in 352 BC . The Batman Province was a religious center in the 4th--6th centuries AD and was part of the Byzantine Empire for seven centuries . In the 11th--12th centuries became under the control of the Great Seljuq Empire and Artuqids and became a prominent outpost of the Silk Road . This area was populated by Syriac Christians and had a significant presence of Pontic Greeks, Assyrians, Baghdadi Jews and Armenians; these peoples lived in the region from 500 BC to the late 19th century . Significant changes in its management and language were brought in 1515 by Mahmoud Pasha Elekhani . It is believed that a variant of his name, Elah, was transformed into Iluh and gave the old name to the Batman city . </P> <P> The city was connected with Istanbul in 1944 by a railway line . This was the major transportation route until the 1950s when highways gradually became more important . Until the 1950s, Batman was a village of some 3,000 people; it was called Iluh and belonged to the Siirt Province . It was first located in the Elmedin district of Siirt . The entire district disappeared in the early 1926 due to the flood of the Batman River . After that, Iluh became part of Beşiri sub-province . On 2 September 1957, the village became a district center and renamed Batman after the river flowing nearby, which was known under its modern name since at least the 19th century . On 16 May 1990 it was designated the capital of the Batman Province . </P> <P> This administrative evolution reflected the rapid growth of the city owing to its oil extraction and refinement industries . Oil was found in the region in the 1930s and the oldest in Turkey refinery was built in 1955 to process crude oil of the Raman and Garzan areas . The refinery is operated by Tüpraş, it has a processing capacity of 1.1 million tonnes per year and storage capacity of 253 billion m . </P>

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