<P> The word is likely based on the word "Jonakin," recorded in New England in 1765, itself derived from the word "jannock," recorded in Northern England in the sixteenth century . According to Edward Ellis Morris, the term was the name given "...by the (American) negroes to a cake made of Indian corn (maize)." </P> <P> Another suggested derivation is that it comes from Shawnee cake although some writers disagree . </P> <P> According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the term hoecake first occurs in 1745, and the term is used by American writers such as Joel Barlow and Washington Irving . The origin of the name is the method of preparation: they were cooked on a type of iron pan called a hoe . There is conflicting evidence regarding the common belief that they were cooked on the blades of gardening hoes . A hoecake can be made either out of cornbread batter or leftover biscuit dough . A cornbread hoecake is thicker than a cornbread pancake . </P> <P> Native Americans were using ground corn for cooking long before European explorers arrived in the New World . The johnnycake originates with the native inhabitants of Northern America; the Algonquians of the Atlantic seaboard are credited with teaching Europeans how to make the food . </P>

Where did the term hoe cakes come from
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