<P> The free gills are white, as is the spore print . The oval spores measure 9--13 by 6.5--9 μm; they do not turn blue with the application of iodine . The stipe is white, 5--20 cm (2.0--7.9 in) high by 1--2 cm (0.5--1 in) wide, and has the slightly brittle, fibrous texture typical of many large mushrooms . At the base is a bulb that bears universal veil remnants in the form of two to four distinct rings or ruffs . Between the basal universal veil remnants and gills are remnants of the partial veil (which covers the gills during development) in the form of a white ring . It can be quite wide and flaccid with age . There is generally no associated smell other than a mild earthiness . </P> <P> Although very distinctive in appearance, the fly agaric has been mistaken for other yellow to red mushroom species in the Americas, such as Armillaria cf . mellea and the edible Amanita basii--a Mexican species similar to A. caesarea of Europe . Poison control centres in the U.S. and Canada have become aware that amarill (Spanish for' yellow') is a common name for the A. caesarea - like species in Mexico . Amanita caesarea can be distinguished by its entirely orange to red cap which lacks the numerous white warty spots of the fly agaric . Furthermore, the stem, gills and ring of A. caesarea are bright yellow, not white . The volva is a distinct white bag, not broken into scales . In Australia, the introduced fly agaric may be confused with the native vermilion grisette (Amanita xanthocephala), which grows in association with eucalypts . The latter species generally lacks the white warts of A. muscaria and bears no ring . </P> <P> Amanita muscaria is a cosmopolitan mushroom, native to conifer and deciduous woodlands throughout the temperate and boreal regions of the Northern Hemisphere, including higher elevations of warmer latitudes in regions such as Hindu Kush, the Mediterranean and also Central America . A recent molecular study proposes that it had an ancestral origin in the Siberian--Beringian region in the Tertiary period, before radiating outwards across Asia, Europe and North America . The season for fruiting varies in different climates: fruiting occurs in summer and autumn across most of North America, but later in autumn and early winter on the Pacific coast . This species is often found in similar locations to Boletus edulis, and may appear in fairy rings . Conveyed with pine seedlings, it has been widely transported into the southern hemisphere, including Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and South America, where it can be found in the southern Brazilian states of Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul . </P> <P> Ectomycorrhizal, Amanita muscaria forms symbiotic relationships with many trees, including pine, spruce, fir, birch, and cedar . Commonly seen under introduced trees, A. muscaria is the fungal equivalent of a weed in New Zealand, Tasmania and Victoria, forming new associations with southern beech (Nothofagus). The species is also invading a rainforest in Australia, where it may be displacing the native species . It appears to be spreading northwards, with recent reports placing it near Port Macquarie on the New South Wales north coast . It was recorded under silver birch (Betula pendula) in Manjimup, Western Australia in 2010 . Although it has apparently not spread to eucalypts in Australia, it has been recorded associating with them in Portugal . </P>

Where does amanita muscaria grow in the us
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