<Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . (May 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) </Td> </Tr> <P> Coordinates: 15 ° 35 ′ 50" S 71 ° 52 ′ 45" W ﻿ / ﻿ 15.59722 ° S 71.87917 ° W ﻿ / - 15.59722; - 71.87917 </P> <P> Colca Canyon is a canyon of the Colca River in southern Peru, located about 160 kilometres (99 mi) northwest of Arequipa . It is Peru's third most - visited tourist destination with about 120,000 visitors annually . With a depth of 3,270 metres (10,730 ft), it is one of the deepest in the world . The Colca Valley is a colorful Andean valley with pre-Inca roots, and towns founded in Spanish colonial times, still inhabited by people of the Collagua and the Cabana cultures . The local people maintain their ancestral traditions and continue to cultivate the pre-Inca stepped terraces . </P> <P> The Quechua - speaking Cabanas, probably descended from the Wari culture, and the Aymara - speaking Collaguas, who moved to the area from the Lake Titicaca region, inhabited the valley in the pre-Inca era . The Inca probably arrived in the Colca Valley around 1320 AD, and established their dominion through marriage, rather than through warfare . The Spaniards, under Gonzalo Pizarro, arrived in 1540 and in the 1570s the Spanish viceroy Francisco de Toledo ordered the inhabitants to leave their scattered settlements and to move to a series of centrally located pueblos, which remain the principal towns of the valley . Franciscan missionaries built the first chapel in the valley in 1565, and the first church in 1569 . </P>

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