<P> Sometimes the terms' dynamic' and' static' are used .' Dynamic' exercises such as steady running, tend to produce a lowering of the diastolic blood pressure during exercise, due to the improved blood flow . Conversely, static exercise (such as weight - lifting) can cause the systolic pressure to rise significantly (during the exercise). </P> <Table> Metabolic and musculoskeletal adaptations from endurance and strength training <Tr> <Th> Type of adaptation </Th> <Th> Endurance training effects </Th> <Th> Strength training effects </Th> <Th> Sources </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="4"> Skeletal muscle morphology and exercise performance adaptations </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Muscle hypertrophy </Td> <Td> ↔ </Td> <Td> ↑ ↑ ↑ </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Muscle strength and power </Td> <Td> ↔ ↓ </Td> <Td> ↑ ↑ ↑ </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Muscle fiber size </Td> <Td> ↔ ↑ </Td> <Td> ↑ ↑ ↑ </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Myofibrillar protein synthesis </Td> <Td> ↔ ↑ </Td> <Td> ↑ ↑ ↑ </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Neuromuscular adaptations </Td> <Td> ↔ ↑ </Td> <Td> ↑ ↑ ↑ </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Anaerobic capacity </Td> <Td> ↑ </Td> <Td> ↑ ↑ </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lactate tolerance </Td> <Td> ↑ ↑ </Td> <Td> ↔ ↑ </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Endurance capacity </Td> <Td> ↑ ↑ ↑ </Td> <Td> ↔ ↑ </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Capillary growth (angiogenesis) </Td> <Td> ↑ ↑ </Td> <Td> ↔ </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mitochondrial biogenesis </Td> <Td> ↑ ↑ </Td> <Td> ↔ ↑ </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mitochondrial density and oxidative function </Td> <Td> ↑ ↑ ↑ </Td> <Td> ↔ ↑ </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="4"> Whole - body and metabolic adaptations </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bone mineral density </Td> <Td> ↑ ↑ </Td> <Td> ↑ ↑ </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Inflammatory markers </Td> <Td> ↓ ↓ </Td> <Td> ↓ </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Flexibility </Td> <Td> ↑ </Td> <Td> ↑ </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Posture </Td> <Td> ↔ </Td> <Td> ↑ </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ability in activities of daily living </Td> <Td> ↔ ↑ </Td> <Td> ↑ ↑ </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Basal metabolic rate </Td> <Td> ↑ </Td> <Td> ↑ ↑ </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="1"> Body composition </Td> <Td_colspan="3"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Percent body fat </Td> <Td> ↓ ↓ </Td> <Td> ↓ </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lean body mass </Td> <Td> ↔ </Td> <Td> ↑ ↑ </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="1"> Glucose metabolism </Td> <Td_colspan="3"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Resting insulin levels </Td> <Td> ↓ </Td> <Td> ↓ </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Insulin sensitivity </Td> <Td> ↑ ↑ </Td> <Td> ↑ ↑ </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Insulin response to glucose challenge </Td> <Td> ↓ ↓ </Td> <Td> ↓ ↓ </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="1"> Cardiovascular adaptations </Td> <Td_colspan="3"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Resting heart rate </Td> <Td> ↓ ↓ </Td> <Td> ↔ </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Stroke volume (resting and maximal) </Td> <Td> ↑ ↑ </Td> <Td> ↔ </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Systolic blood pressure (resting) </Td> <Td> ↔ ↓ </Td> <Td> ↔ </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Diastolic blood pressure (resting) </Td> <Td> ↔ ↓ </Td> <Td> ↔ ↓ </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cardiovascular risk profile </Td> <Td> ↓ ↓ ↓ </Td> <Td> ↓ </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="4"> Table legend (show) <Ul> <Li> ↑--small increase </Li> <Li> ↑ ↑--moderate increase </Li> <Li> ↑ ↑ ↑--large increase </Li> <Li> ↓--small decrease </Li> <Li> ↓ ↓--moderate decrease </Li> <Li> ↓ ↓ ↓--large decrease </Li> <Li> ↔--no change </Li> <Li> ↔ ↑--no change or slight increase </Li> <Li> ↔ ↓--no change or slight decrease </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Tr> <Th> Type of adaptation </Th> <Th> Endurance training effects </Th> <Th> Strength training effects </Th> <Th> Sources </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan="4"> Skeletal muscle morphology and exercise performance adaptations </Td> </Tr>

The definition of exercise includes which of the following