<P> Thomas Sowell also criticized the War on Poverty's programs, writing "The black family, which had survived centuries of slavery and discrimination, began rapidly disintegrating in the liberal welfare state that subsidized unwed pregnancy and changed welfare from an emergency rescue to a way of life ." </P> <P> Others took a different tack . In 1967, in his book Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos or Community? Martin Luther King "criticized Johnson's War on Poverty for being too piecemeal", saying that programs created under the "war on poverty" such as "housing programs, job training and family counseling" all had "a fatal disadvantage (because) the programs have never proceeded on a coordinated basis...(and noted that) at no time has a total, coordinated and fully adequate program been conceived ." In his speech on April 4, 1967 at Riverside Church in New City, King connected the war in Vietnam with the "war on poverty": </P> <P> There is at the outset a very obvious and almost facile connection between the war in Vietnam and the struggle I, and others, have been waging in America . A few years ago there was a shining moment in that struggle . It seemed as if there was a real promise of hope for the poor--both black and white--through the poverty program . There were experiments, hopes, new beginnings . Then came the buildup in Vietnam and I watched the program broken and eviscerated as if it were some idle political plaything of a society gone mad on war, and I knew that America would never invest the necessary funds or energies in rehabilitation of its poor so long as adventures like Vietnam continued to draw men and skills and money like some demonic destructive suction tube . So I was increasingly compelled to see the war as an enemy of the poor and to attack it as such . Perhaps the more tragic recognition of reality took place when it became clear to me that the war was doing far more than devastating the hopes of the poor at home . </P> <P> This criticism was repeated in his speech at the same place later that month when he said that "and you may not know it, my friends, but it is estimated that we spend $500,000 to kill each enemy soldier, while we spend only fifty - three dollars for each person classified as poor, and much of that fifty - three dollars goes for salaries to people that are not poor . So I was increasingly compelled to see the war as an enemy of the poor, and attack it as such ." The next year, King started the Poor People's Campaign to address the shortcomings of the "war on poverty" and to "demand a check" for suffering African - Americans which was carried on briefly after his death with the construction and maintenance of an encampment, Resurrection City, for over six weeks . Years later, a writer in The Nation remarked that "the war on poverty has too often been a war on the poor themselves," but that much can be done . </P>

Which of the following programs was not included in the 1960s war on poverty