<P> The difference, however, in the effectiveness with which Hemingway employs this characteristic device in his best work and in The Old Man and the Sea is illuminating . The work of fiction in which Hemingway devoted the most attention to natural objects, The Old Man and the Sea, is pieced out with an extraordinary quantity of fakery, extraordinary because one would expect to find no inexactness, no romanticizing of natural objects in a writer who loathed W.H. Hudson, could not read Thoreau, deplored Melville's rhetoric in Moby Dick, and who was himself criticized by other writers, notably Faulkner, for his devotion to the facts and his unwillingness to' invent .' </P> <P> Some critics suggest Hemingway wrote The Old Man and the Sea in reaction to the overtly negative criticism he received for Across the River and into the Trees . </P> <P> In 1954 Hemingway donated his Nobel prize gold medal in Literature to the venerated Marian image of Our Lady of Charity . The Swedish medal was stolen in 1986, but was returned later upon the threat of Raul Castro . </P> <P> The Old Man and the Sea has been adapted for the screen three times: a 1958 film starring Spencer Tracy, a 1990 miniseries starring Anthony Quinn, and a 1999 animated short film . It is often taught in high schools as a part of the American Literature curriculum . </P>

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