<P> The overall decline in food supplies, made worse by the inadequate transportation system, led to serious shortages and high prices in urban areas . When bacon reached a dollar a pound in 1863, the poor women of Richmond, Atlanta and many other cities began to riot; they broke into shops and warehouses to seize food . The women expressed their anger at ineffective state relief efforts, speculators, and merchants . As wives and widows of soldiers they were hurt by the inadequate welfare system . </P> <P> By the end of the war deterioration of the Southern infrastructure was widespread . The number of civilian deaths is unknown . Every Confederate state was affected, but most of the war was fought in Virginia and Tennessee, while Texas and Florida saw the least military action . Much of the damage was caused by direct military action, but most was caused by lack of repairs and upkeep, and by deliberately using up resources . Historians have recently estimated how much of the devastation was caused by military action . Paul Paskoff calculates that Union military operations were conducted in 56% of 645 counties in nine Confederate states (excluding Texas and Florida). These counties contained 63% of the 1860 white population and 64% of the slaves . By the time the fighting took place, undoubtedly some people had fled to safer areas, so the exact population exposed to war is unknown . </P> <Ul> <Li> <P> Potters House, Atlanta Ga </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Downtown Charleston SC </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Navy Yard, Norfolk Va </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Rail bridge, Petersburg Va </P> </Li> </Ul> <Li> <P> Potters House, Atlanta Ga </P> </Li>

During this time where was the capital of the confederate states