<P> Missionaries such Henry Williams (1792 - 1867) noted that even in times of war against another iwi, hapū usually operated independently . In the period of the Musket Wars (1807 - 1842) many of the battles involved fighting between competing hapū rather than different iwi . It was not uncommon for two hapū from the same iwi to clash . </P> <P> Hapū frequently were the political unit that sold land to the Europeans . In the 20 years after the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840, according to Native Affairs Minister Chris Richmond, different hapū or comparatively small groups of individuals sold half of all the blocks sold under the Treaty of Waitangi . Richmond said that hapū or small groups sold all the land sold north of Auckland, some in Hawke's Bay, in the Wairarapa valley, in the Waikato at Raglan, and sales by Te Āti Awa in Wellington and Taranaki . </P> <P> The word hapū literally means "pregnant"; the usage in a socio - political context expresses a metaphor for the genealogical connection that unites the members of the hapū . (Similarly, the Māori word for land, whenua, can also mean "placenta", metaphorically indicating the connection between the people and the land, and the word iwi, for a Māori tribal group, can also mean "bones", indicating a link to ancient ancestors .) </P>

What is the difference between iwi and hapu
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