<P> Still all those laws and documents do not cover all possible PPP forms . </P> <P> In February 2013 experts rated subjects of Russian Federation according to their preparedness for implementing projects via public--private partnership . The most developed region was Saint Petersburg (with rating 7.8), the least Chukotka (rating 0.0). </P> <P> By 2013 there were almost 300 public--private partnership projects in Russia . </P> <P> In 1992, the Conservative government of John Major in the UK introduced the PFI, the first systematic programme aimed at encouraging public--private partnerships . The 1992 programme focused on reducing the public sector borrowing requirement, although, as already noted, the effect on public accounts was largely illusory . The Labour government of Tony Blair, elected in 1997, expanded the PFI initiative but sought to shift the emphasis to the achievement of "value for money," mainly through an appropriate allocation of risk . However, it has since been found that many programs ran dramatically over budget and have not presented as value for money for the taxpayer, with some projects costing more to cancel than to complete . </P>

History of public private partnership in the world