<P> Physical traits do not distinguish criminals from non criminals, but genetic factors together with environmental factors are strong predictors of adult crime and violence . Most psychologists see deviance as the result of "unsuccessful" socialization and abnormality in an individual personality . </P> <P> Sociologists have been active in developing theories about the nature of science and technology: </P> <Ul> <Li> "Institutional" sociology of science (Robert K. Merton) (1960s) </Li> <Li> Social construction of technology (1980s) − variant of SSK focusing on technology studies . </Li> <Li> Actor - network theory (1980s) </Li> <Li> Normalization process theory (2000s) </Li> <Li> Theories of technology </Li> </Ul> <Li> "Institutional" sociology of science (Robert K. Merton) (1960s) </Li>

Who did not contribute to early sociological theory