<P> Indian environmentalist Vandana Shiva writes that this is the "second Green Revolution". The first Green Revolution, she suggests, was mostly publicly funded (by the Indian Government). This new Green Revolution, she says, is driven by private (and foreign) interest--notably MNCs like Monsanto . Ultimately, this is leading to foreign ownership over most of India's farmland . </P> <P> Excessive and inappropriate use of fertilizers and pesticides has polluted waterway, killed beneficial insects and wild life . It has caused over-use of soil and rapidly depleted its nutrients . The rampant irrigation practices have led to eventually soil degradation . Groundwater practices have fallen dramatically . Further, heavy dependence on few major crops has led to loss of biodiversity of farmers . These problems were aggravated due to absence of training to use modern technology and vast illiteracy leading to excessive use of chemicals. (1) </P> <P> Green revolution spread only in irrigated and high - potential rain fed areas . The villages or regions without the access of sufficient water were left out that widened the regional disparities between adopters and non-adopters . Since, the HYV seeds technically can be applied only in land with assured water supply and availability of other inputs like chemicals, fertilizers etc . The application of the new technology in the dry - land areas is simply ruled out . </P> <P> The states like Punjab, Haryana, Western UP etc. having good irrigation and other infrastructure facilities were able to derive the benefits of green revolution and achieve faster economic development while other states have recorded slow growth in agriculture production . </P>

Causes and effects of green revolution in india