<P> Where the signature is subject to ratification, acceptance or approval, the signature does not establish the consent to be bound . However, it is a means of authentication and expresses the willingness of the signatory state to continue the treaty - making process . The signature qualifies the signatory state to proceed to ratification, acceptance or approval . It also creates an obligation to refrain, in good faith, from acts that would defeat the object and the purpose of the treaty . </P> <P> The U.S. has not ratified the following international human rights treaties: </P> <Ul> <Li> First Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) </Li> <Li> Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty </Li> <Li> Optional Protocol to CEDAW </Li> <Li> Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture </Li> <Li> Convention relating to the Status of Refugees (1951) </Li> <Li> Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons (1954) </Li> <Li> Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness (1961) </Li> <Li> International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families </Li> </Ul> <Li> First Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) </Li>

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