<P> The final effective British commander in chief in America was Sir Guy Carleton, who had defended Quebec in 1775, but had been passed over in favour of Burgoyne in 1777 as a result of his perceived over-caution . As commander in chief, his main concern was to secure the safety of the many Loyalists and former slaves in the British enclave in New York . </P> <P> Infantry formed the backbone of crown forces throughout the war . Two of the most heavily engaged infantry regiments, the 23rd and the 33rd, earned enduring reputations for their competence and professionalism in the field . </P> <P> In the middle of the eighteenth century, the Army's uniforms were highly elaborate, and manoeuvres were ponderous and slow, with "innumerable words of command ." Experience of the conditions and terrain in North America during the French and Indian War prompted changes to its tactics and dress . In battle the redcoats usually formed in two ranks rather than three, to increase mobility and firepower . The Army further adapted this formation during the American Revolution by forming and fighting in looser ranks, a tactic that was known as "loose files and American scramble". Soldiers stood at a greater distance apart and three' orders' were used to specify the distance to be expanded or contracted as necessary; "order" (two intervals), "open order" (four intervals), and "extended order" (ten intervals). British infantry advanced at the' trott' and fought fluid battles primarily using the bayonet . Although this new formation increased the British army's mobility and tactical flexibility, the abandonment of linear formation was later blamed by some British officers for defeats in the later stages of the war like the Battle of Cowpens, in which British troops engaged denser bodies of men deployed in successive lines . </P> <P> The hired German regiments that joined Howe's army in 1776 also adopted the two rank formation used by the British army, but retained the traditional close order system of fighting throughout the war . </P>

Name for british soldiers during the revolutionary war