<P> In the summer, the process can be reversed so the heat pump extracts heat from the building and transfers it to the ground . Transferring heat to a cooler space takes less energy, so the cooling efficiency of the heat pump gains benefits from the lower ground temperature . </P> <P> Ground source heat pumps employ a heat exchanger in contact with the ground or groundwater to extract or dissipate heat . This component accounts for anywhere from a fifth to half of the total system cost, and would be the most cumbersome part to repair or replace . Correctly sizing this component is necessary to assure long - term performance: the energy efficiency of the system improves with roughly 4% for every degree Celsius that is won through correct sizing, and the underground temperature balance must be maintained through proper design of the whole system . Incorrect design can result in the system freezing after a number of years or very inefficient system performance; thus accurate system design is critical to a successful system </P> <P> Shallow 3--8 - foot (0.91--2.44 m) horizontal heat exchangers experience seasonal temperature cycles due to solar gains and transmission losses to ambient air at ground level . These temperature cycles lag behind the seasons because of thermal inertia, so the heat exchanger will harvest heat deposited by the sun several months earlier, while being weighed down in late winter and spring, due to accumulated winter cold . Deep vertical systems 100--500 feet (30--152 m) deep rely on migration of heat from surrounding geology, unless they are recharged annually by solar recharge of the ground or exhaust heat from air conditioning systems . </P> <P> Several major design options are available for these, which are classified by fluid and layout . Direct exchange systems circulate refrigerant underground, closed loop systems use a mixture of anti-freeze and water, and open loop systems use natural groundwater . </P>

Why is geothermal a good name for this type of energy