<Li> In the most secret completion protocol, Germany would declare neutrality in the event of a Russian intervention in the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles . </Li> <P> As part of Bismarck's system of "periphery diversion", the treaty was highly dependent on his prestige . After the dismissal of Bismarck, his successor Leo von Caprivi felt unable to keep this policy, while the German Foreign Office under Friedrich von Holstein had already prepared a renunciation toward the Dual Alliance with Austria--Hungary . </P> <P> When in 1890, Russia asked for a renewal of the treaty, Germany refused . Kaiser Wilhelm II believed his relationship with Tsar Alexander III would be sufficient to ensure further genial diplomatic ties and felt that maintaining a close bond with Russia would act to the detriment of his aims to attract Britain into the German sphere . Like the Austro - Russian antagonism, Anglo - Russian relations too were strained due to Russia gaining influence in the Balkans . The Russian aim of controlling the Straits of the Dardanelles, would threaten British colonial interests in the Middle East . Having become alarmed at its growing isolation, Saint Petersburg, as Bismarck had feared, entered into the Franco - Russian Alliance in 1894, ending French isolation . The dismissal of Bismarck, the erratic temper of Wilhelm II and the uncertain policy of the men who succeeded Bismarck (partly out of consideration for England, they failed to renew the Reinsurance Treaty with Russia but did renew the Triple Alliance), were joint causes of a period of fundamental change . </P> <P> In 1896 the treaty was exposed by a German newspaper, the Hamburger Nachrichten, which caused an outcry in Germany and Austria - Hungary . The failure of the treaty is seen as one of the causes of the First World War, due to German diplomatic isolation . </P>

Who undermined bismarck's international policies by refusing to renew the reinsurance treaty